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0404 November, November, 2013 2013 YOUTHYOUTH in in AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE (YiA) (YiA) WORKSHOP WORKSHOP Organisers & Supporters Executive Summary Platinum Plus Other Organisers Aim, Design and Participation (Partners) (Sponsors) he East African Community (EAC) has established an institutional framework PLATINUM GOLD that presents opportunities for accelerated economic and agricultural SPONSOR SPONSOR Tdevelopment in the Partner States. Crucial to development is the protocol on the EAC Common Market (EACM) that became operational in 2010. It has created a common market of more than 135 million people with a collective GDP that was estimated to exceed $80 billion in 2012. All the five EAC Partner States celebrated 50 years of independence between 2011 and 2013. Throughout this post-independence period, agriculture dominated PLATINUM GOLD PLATINUM GOLD SPONSOR SPONSOR the economies of all the countries. To review agricultural development during SPONSOR SPONSOR the past 50 years, the International Symposium and Exhibition on Agricultural SILVER SPONSORS Development in the EAC was convened in Kampala, Uganda from 4th to 8th November, 2013 in the run-up to the 15th Ordinary PLATINUM GOLD Recommendations from the Youth in Agriculture workshop, Technical Summit Meeting of the EAC Heads of State. The Symposium and the Specialists Seminars were tabled at the High program was exceptional in that it included five SPONSORPLATINUM SPONSORGOLD PLATINUM GOLD Level Executive Roundtable for prioritization. The ultimate goal integrated events: A Youth in Agriculture Workshop; SPONSOR SPONSOR is to have few precise investment areas identified and presented a Technical Symposium; Specialist Seminars; a High PLATINUM GOLD to the Summit Meeting of the EAC Heads of State for adoption.. Level Executive Roundtable; and an exhibition. SPONSORSILVER SPONSOR SPONSORSSILVER The International Symposium and associated SPONSORS events brought together experts and leaders to critically assess what worked well; what did not work well; and the lessons learned in agricultural development Official during the past 50 years. To provide evidence-based issues and lessons to support Carrier the debate, leading experts and practitioners were commissioned to prepare 15 papers. Three of these were crosscutting keynote papers. The other 12 dealt with themes ranging from agricultural productivity to politics and governance. Ten case studies were also prepared by young entrepreneurs for the Youth in Agriculture SILVER SPONSORS workshop. Seven specialist seminars added to the quality of the debate. Twenty PLATINUM SILVERGOLDBRONZE international, regional and national public and private organizations and companies SPONSORSSPONSOR participated in the exhibition. SPONSOR SPONSOROfficial CarrierOfficial More than 350 delegates (30% of them women) from the EAC and beyond Carrier Republic of Uganda attended at least one of the five events. The delegates came from the private MAAIF sector in agriculture including farmers, leaders of farmer organizations, agribusiness SILVER executives, youth in agriculture, and other practitioners in the agricultural value chains. There were representatives from government ministries and departments, SPONSORS national agricultural research organizations and universities as well as extension service providers, national and regional providers of financial and other essential services. Present also were participants from international and regional development organizations supporting agriculture in the EAC and civil society organizations in the agriculture sector. Recommendations from the Technical Symposium, the PLATINUM GOLD Official Youth in Agriculture workshop and the Specialists Seminars were tabled at the Carrier High Level Executive Roundtable which was attended by 63 delegates including SPONSOR SPONSOR ministers, parliamentarians, permanent secretaries and CEOs from the private Republic of Uganda sector. SILVER Official SPONSORS Carrier PLATINUM GOLD SPONSOR SPONSOR TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future i
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SILVER SPONSORS SILVER SPONSORS
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Official Carrier Lessons, Conclusions and Priority Recommendations  Build capacity to absorb financing but do not distort the financial markets It was noted with concern that most of those employed in agriculture (especially Transforming the agriculture sector requires substantial investment and funding. farming) have remained poor, 50 years after independence despite the fact that One of the lessons from the past 50 years is that there has been inadequate and the EAC Partner States excelled in several agricultural subsectors. Therefore, often uncoordinated investment in agriculture and agribusiness by the private it was concluded that in order to accelerate wealth creation, the EAC can and and public sector. National and regional collaborative programs should invest in should urgently transform its agriculture from the current subsistence farming, agriculture and agribusiness while taking care not to distort the financial markets. into a modern, vibrant and commercial sector that: a) takes full advantage of the Various avenues of funding are readily available, but the agriculture sector has region’s abundant natural resources and its youthful population, and b) is highly a low absorption capacity. Efforts should be directed towards creating a critical competitive in the national, regional and global markets. To achieve these, the mass of farms and agribusiness enterprises that can absorb large and medium region should; funding flows from national, regional and global financial institutions, investors  Enhance integration within and beyond the agriculture sector and equity funders. Another deterrent to investment is the high risk associated with the agriculture sector, which pushes up the cost of financing. The risk can be Lessons from the successes and failures in the region show that the Green Revolution reduced by introducing incentives for the private sector to operate comprehensive, bypassed the EAC Partner States because of poor integration of the 5Is ( Institutions, weather-indexed agricultural insurance on a regional scale. Infrastructure, Inputs, Inovations, Incentives) of economic development. At the same time, success in this integrated approach has been demonstrated within  Accelerate the use of modern technologies and inputs through local the EAC by smallholders in the tea, horticulture, and to some extent maize and manufacturing dairy subsectors. Lessons from agricultural development achieved in emerging economies such as Brazil, India, China and South Africa show that the 5I integration In the last 50 years, agribusiness (especially farming) has not advanced due to needs to go beyond the agriculture sector to build synergies with other sectors of the extremely low scale use of modern inputs, mechanization and irrigation. the economy. This requires policies and strategies that place the development of Modern technologies are crucial in achieving an enduring transformation of agriculture and agribusiness at the centre of economic and social development. the agriculture sector. This has been demonstrated by the success stories for Therefore, it was emphasized that learning levels and scaling-out of best practices traditional cash crops in the EAC from the 1950s to the 1970s. There has been need to be increased. Best practices should be scaled out from other countries more recent successes too, such as in horticulture. It was recommended that to the EAC; from one EAC country to the others; and from one subsector to the efforts be dedicated to utilizing the opportunities made possible by the EACM to others. This has been, and continues to be, inadequate in the region. develop the local manufacturing of fertilizers, farm machinery, agro-processing equipment, and other modern agricultural technologies and inputs. This calls  Maintain consistency in policies, strategies and regulatory for a rapid expansion of regional agricultural trade to create economies of scale frameworks so that growing demand of technologies and inputs makes them cost-effective. Another major factor in the successful transformation of the agriculture sector is  Expand post-harvest management and processing to facilitate strong and visionary public and private leadership committed to the implementation regional trade of consistent policies, strategies and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, there should be a reduction in the frequent and often unnecessary changes in strategies, Improved post-harvest management and processing of agricultural commodities regulations and other policy instruments leading to: a) uncertainties and disruptions (especially food crops) is critical in expanding the regional agricultural trade that of farmers and other investors in the underpins wealth creation and food security. agriculture sector; and b) limited continuity Post-harvest processing prolongs shelf life; Various avenues of funding are readily available, but the agriculture Improved post-harvest management and processing of agricultural reduces bulkiness and thus transport costs; sector has a low absorption capacity. Efforts should be directed of some good initiatives which would commodities is a critical pre-condition in expanding regional towards creating a critical mass of farms and agribusiness enterprises have transformed the agriculture sector. agricultural trade that underpins wealth creation and food security. reduces deterioration in quality; enhances that can absorb large and medium funding flows from national, One of the causes of the unnecessary food safety; and creates value addition. All regional and global financial institutions, investors and equity changes is the current situation where these are necessary for profitable agricultural funders. short term development programs detracts trade. Therefore, it was recommended that national and regional institutions away the EAC should establish a regional program to help the private sector to modernize from long term plans and programmes. This reduces ownership in the thinking, and expand post-harvest handling and agro-industry to process majority of food planning, implementation, funding and accountability for policy and programs and other agricultural commodities into differentiated products to meet demands in agriculture, agribusiness and rural development. of consumers in national, regional and international markets.
ii TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future iii  Attract and retain majority of the youth in agriculture Table of Contents One of the EAC’s greatest assets is its youth. However, lessons from the past 50 years show that they are not interested in agriculture. Most small-scale farmers are more than 50 years old, many of them retirees from salaried employment. The envisaged transformation of regional agriculture requires well designed Executive Summary...... i and properly executed strategies to attract and retain the youth in agriculture, particularly farming. Therefore, it was recommended that special national and regional programs for youth in agriculture be implemented to capitalize on the Acronyms and Abbreviations...... vi EAC’s demographic dividend. A starting point would be a Kilimo Youth Forum of East Africa to facilitate youth peer learning in farming and agribusiness. There should Foreword...... vii be affirmative action for the youth when formulating policy on investment and financing. Further more, to realize fully the benefits offered by the demographic Acknowledgements...... viii dividend, the EAC Partner States should invest substantially in developing the youth human capital. Introduction...... 1  Accelerate and sustain implementation of EAC regional protocols and programs Opening & Keynote Plenary Session...... 3
While acknowledging the seriousness of the lessons and the recommendations Youth in Agriculture Workshop...... 9 made during the symposium and associated events, the Roundtable noted that recommendations that are very similar are put forward repeatedly because of the Parallel Technical Sessions...... 13 exceptionally slow rate of implementation of regional programs and protocols. A fundamental reason for this phenomenon is the limited efforts put into mobilizing Enhancing Competitiveness in Production, Productivity and Market Access...... 13 everybody who should be involved, from the top to the grass-root communities. The EAC needs to ensure that all regional protocols and programs are sufficiently funded and that the process of mobilizing, raising awareness and building the Turning Agricultural Knowledge into Business...... 17 capacity of all those involved is properly implemented. Turning EAC’s Comparative Advantage into Competitive Advantage ...... 19 It is very encouraging to note that to deal with this problem, at their Summit Meeting held on 30th November 2013, the EAC Heads of State considered a Research, inputs and an enabling environment to achieve millenium goal 1 ...... 21 mechanism for the implementation of outstanding summit decisions and:
High Level Executive Roundtable...... 23 a) Directed the Secretary General in consultation with the relevant Heads
of State to report regularly on the implementation of decisions including Comprehensive Lessons and Recommendations...... 26 non-compliance and decided that the status of implementation remains a Exhibition...... 31 standing item on the agenda of the summit List of Delegates...... 35 b) Undertook to report on individual partner states’ implementation of decisions involving their respective countries at every ordinary summit.
c) Directed the Secretariat to prepare a comprehensive list on non-implementation of all decisions for consideration at the 12th Extraordinary Summit in April 2014.
iv TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future v Acronyms and Abbrevations Foreword aBi Agribusiness Initiative KENFAP Kenya National Federation of Agricultural the combination of events that included a youth ABS-TCM African Breeders Services-Total Cattle Producers in agriculture workshop, a technical symposium, Management KMP Rural Finance Knowledge Management specialist seminars, a vibrant exhibition and a ACET Centre for Economic Transformation Partnership High Level Executive Roundtable. This is what made the international symposium unique and AFAAS African Forum for Agricultural Advisory KT Kilimo Trust the first of its kind in the region. On reading Services KTDA Kenya Tea Development Agency this report, you will agree that the youth in AFAM Agriculture for African Markets M&E Monitoring and Evaluation agriculture workshop was an exceptionally AFRACA African Rural and Agricultural Credit MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry innovative addition. Association and Fisheries I was privileged to attend the session on keynote AGRA Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa MDGs Millennium Development Goals papers, the opening and closing sessions, and also ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural MEACA Ministry of East African Community Affairs the executive roundtable which I also chaired. I was impressed by the professional organization Research in Eastern and Central Africa MP Member of Parliament and execution of the different sessions which BIICS Brazil, Indonesia, India, China and South NAFSIP National Agriculture and Food Security provided a conducive atmosphere for discussing Africa Investment Plan serious matters facing East Africans. As the chair CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development of the roundtable, I was also happy to see a healthy debate that took place between leaders Development Programme NARO National Agricultural Research of the private sector and those from the public CEO Chief Executive Officer Organization am honoured to be writing the foreword of this sector in agriculture. CIAT International Center for Tropical NARS National Agricultural Research Systems report that details the outcomes of the International Symposium and Exhibition on Agriculture in the East I am encouraged with the uptake pathway as envisioned Agriculture NUSAF Northern Uganda Social Action Fund I by the organizers. It will enable us to process and promote Africa Community (EAC). The theme of the symposium CTA Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural PIFF Pukure Integrated Fish Farmers and its associated events, “lessons from the past 50 years the recommendations to the relevant stakeholders at Cooperation PPP Public Private Partnership and prospects for the future”, is a timely one. All Partner national and regional levels. I encourage the private sector to adopt, adapt and implement those recommendations EAC East African Community R&D Research and Development States have reviewed their agricultural performance, but this is the first time that that require their attention and EACM East African Common Market RAPTA Rural Agroprocessing and Trainers we have critically assessed I am encouraged with the uptake pathway as envisioned by investment. The outcomes, EADD East African Dairy Development Project Association agricultural development in the organizers. It will enable us to process and promote the which are summarized so ESRF Economic and Social Research Foundation RUFORUM Regional Universities Forum for Capacity the EAC Common Market in recommendations to the relevant stakeholders at national and well in this report, give me regional levels. I encourage the private sector to adopt, adapt confidence that the international E3ADP East African Agro-enterprise and Agro- Building in Agriculture a way that has enabled us to learn from each other’s and implement those recommendations that require their symposium and associated industries Development Programme SACCOs Savings and Credit Cooperatives successes and challenges. attention and investment. events have given us new FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Tsh Tanzania shillings In my opinion, this was a momentum to transform the GDP Gross Domestic Product UAE United Arab Emirates well planned and executed agriculture sector in the EAC into a modern, vibrant and commercial sector that is GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms UGX Uganda shillings symposium with associated workshops, seminars and an executive roundtable. globally competitive. ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre UNDP United Nations Development Program ICT Information and Communication U.S. United States The depth of analysis and the quality of debate enabled Let me end by appreciating Kilimo Trust for coordinating us to undertake a better assessment of our successes, the planning and execution of the symposium and for Technology USAID United States Agency for International failures and lessons in ways that give us an opportunity to the speed at which they have produced this report. IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development plan better for the future as a region as well as individual Development WFP World Food Program Partner States. It is for this reason that the Sectoral IFPRI International Food Policy Research YEED Youth Empowerment in Enterprise Council on Agriculture and Food Security held in Arusha, Tanzania in July 2012 endorsed the implementation of Institute Development this international symposium as an EAC event. ILO International Labour Organization YiA Youth in Agriculture I therefore applaud Kilimo Trust, ASARECA, the EAC ILRI International Livestock Research Institute 4Ks Kuungana, Kufanya, Kusaidia, Kenya Secretariat, the Ministry of East Africa Community Affairs Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi (MP) JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency 4Hs Head, Heart, Hands, and Health (MEACA) - Uganda and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Minister for Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries - Uganda Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) Uganda for putting together
vi TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future vii Acknowledgements Introduction he greatest heroes of the International Symposium and its associated events are the participants, Tthe exhibitors, the organizers of specialist seminars; the experts who prepared the very rich technical papers; the keynote speakers; the leaders who attended the roundtable, and of course our special guests. We would like to particularly thank the Vice President of the Republic of Uganda, His Excellence Edward Ssekandi for presiding at the opening session. The support provided by the two hosting Ministries in Uganda was exemplary and we would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank Ministers, Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi (Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries) and Hon. Shem Bageine (East Africa Community Affairs). We are also very grateful to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of East Africa Community Affairs – Uganda, Ms. Edith Mwanje not forgetting Ronah Ssewanda, commissioner in the same ministry. The organization, planning and execution would like to thank very much the “under 30” staff members not have been achieved without the strong partnership of Kilimo Trust for organizing and executing the event between Kilimo Trust, the EAC Secretariat, ASARECA and so well. the hosting Ministries in Uganda - Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, and East Africa Community The achievement was made possible by the partners Affairs (MEACA). The work put in by MEACA-Uganda who supported us and we sincerely acknowledge and n mid-2011, the Trustees of Kilimo Trust began to Seminars added to the quality of the debate while 20 and the EAC Secretariat was critical to the success we thank the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF); the organize an international symposium to bring together international, regional and national public and private registered. We highly value this partnership and we shall International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD); East Africans to assess what worked well; what did organizations and companies participated in the exhibition. the United States Agency for International Development I work hard to nurture it especially in implementing the not work well and the lessons learned in agricultural More than 350 East Africans and their international recommendations emanating from the International (USAID); and the Technical Centre for Agricultural and development during the past 50 years. This was in partners attended at least one of five integrated events Symposium and its associated events. Rural Cooperation (CTA). We also take this opportunity recognition that between 2011 and 2013 the five EAC to thank all the sponsors: World Bank – Uganda; aBi Trust Partner States celebrated 50 years of independence. This – the Youth in Agriculture (YiA) Workshop, the Technical We also like to thank all the members of the four main – Uganda; National Agricultural Research Organization process culminated in the convening of the International Symposium, the Specialist Seminars, the High Level Executive committees: i) the Symposium Advisory Panel; ii) the (NARO) – Uganda; Bank of Uganda; FAO; KCB–Uganda; Symposium and Exhibition on Agricultural Development in Roundtable, and the exhibition. The delegates came from Scientific and Technical Committee; iii) the Regional Kenya Airways; and Plan International, for their financial the EAC, held in kampala Uganda on 4 - 8 November 2013, the private sector in agriculture including farmers, leaders Steering Committee; and last but not least, iv) the Local and technical support. preceding the 15th Ordinary Meeting of the Summit of of farmer organizations and other practitioners in the Organizing Committee. agricultural value chains. There were representatives We received support from many other organizations, the EAC Heads of State. The International Symposium and the associated events were also designed to look back at from government ministries and departments, national On my own behalf I would like to thank the Trustees of service providers and individuals who we have not been agricultural research organizations and universities Kilimo Trust for supporting this undertaking in spirit and able to mention here, but this does not diminish our the past 10 years of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). Further, with only as well as extension service providers and providers financially. Special thanks go to the Chairman Prof. Joseph appreciation of the valuable support that led to the of national and regional financial and other essential Mukiibi who initiated the idea and worked tirelessly, successful organization, planning and execution of the two years remaining for the EAC Partner States to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals set services. Others were from international and regional chairing the two main committees, to ensure the success events. development organizations supporting agriculture in the we registered. for 2015, this was an opportune time for undertaking a critical assessment of progress made. EAC, civil society organizations and youth in agriculture. On behalf of all the organizers, partners and on my own The busy week started on 4 November 2013 with the YiA behalf, I would like to recognize the hard work done by Fifteen commissioned papers were prepared by leading Workshop that brought together more than 75 youth. all staff members of Kilimo Trust. Special thanks for the agricultural experts to support the week’s debates. Three The workshop offered the youth an opportunity to share coordination provided by the Symposium Organizing Team of these were crosscutting keynote papers. The other experiences and discuss the opportunities and challenges (SOT) made of Dr. Birungi Korutaro; Mr. Henry Mwololo, 12 focused on specific themes ranging from agricultural facing the agriculture sector. After the workshop, a select Mr. Deus Tirwakunda, and Ms. Jennipher Tibagonzeka. The Nuhu HATIBU productivity to politics and governance. Ten commissioned group of the youth attended the technical symposium case studies were prepared by young entrepreneurs for and participated in the debates on the vision of the Youth in Agriculture (YiA) workshop has been recognized Chief Executive Officer, Kilimo Trust to have been innovative and successful – and we would the Youth in Agriculture Workshop. Seven Specialist youth on the future of agriculture in the EAC.
viii TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 1 The technical symposium was attended by more than The Executive High Level Roundtable was attended by 63 250 delegates from 5 to 7 November, 2013. The opening delegates on 8 November 2013. It was chaired by Hon. Opening & Keynote Plenary Session session was presided over by the Vice President of the Tress Bucyanayandi and provided a rare opportunity Republic of Uganda, H.E Edward Ssekandi, on behalf of to bring ministers, government officials and legislators H.E the President, Yoweri Museveni. together with industry CEOs from the private sector. They debated and consolidated the discussions that had taken Other speakers at the opening session included the place throughout the week. It used recommendations Minister for Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries from the YiA workshop, the technical symposium and in Uganda, Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi; the State Minister the Specialist Seminars to formulate Big Idea Actions for East African Community Affairs - Uganda, Hon. Shem for taking the agriculture sector in the EAC to a higher Bageine; the Governor of the Central Bank of Uganda, Prof. level of performance and competitiveness in the global Emmanuel Tumusiime Mutebile; the Executive Director economy. The roundtable deliberated on the lessons of ASARECA, Dr. Fina Opio; the Permanent Secretary and recommendations and then prioritized the lessons for the Ministry of East African Community Affairs – and recommendations (see the Executive Summary for Uganda, Ms. Edith Mwanje; and the Representative of details). These were tabled at the EAC Sectoral Council the Secretary General of the EAC Secretariat, Mr. Charles for Agriculture and Food Security for consideration with Njoroge. Remarks were also made by representatives the relevant recommendations to be forwarded to the of the symposium’s organizing partners – IFAD, USAID EAC Council of Ministers and the EAC Summit of Heads and the CTA. of State. The Technical Symposium was implemented in four main The exhibition featured 20 organizations’ stands exhibiting parts. The opening was followed up by a plenary session the latest in agricultural technologies, products and where three crosscutting keynote papers were presented. services. The exhibition fed into the knowledge base The delegates then attended three parallel sessions for that informed the week’s dialogue. the presentation and discussion of the commissioned papers. These were followed by a plenary session and On behalf of all the organizers, the partners, the sponsors closing of the technical symposium, presided over by and the delegates who made the International Symposium Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi. and its associated events such a success, Kilimo Trust his section summarizes key messages from the WE nEED innOvATivE WAys TO susTAin is proud to publish this report on the outcomes. The opening speeches and keynote papers. The speakers insTiTuTiOns AnD iMPLEMEnT EAC PROTOCOLs The Specialist Seminars were held on the afternoon of 6 report is designed to highlight the debate, the different November, 2013. These allowed regional and international highlighted what the region has to offer, what it perspectives, the key lessons commonly agreed, and T The ministerial remarks organizations and private companies to conduct detailed requires to develop further, and the direction in which the principal recommendations. The events of the week delivered by Hon. Tress specialist discussions. Seven seminars were designed to the sector should be taken. generated bright new ideas on what should be done Bucyanayandi and Hon. enable the delegates, in smaller groups, to engage in deeper differently in order to transform the agriculture sector in Shem Bageine elaborated discussions of critical issues and topics, incorporating the ACCEss TO sOPhisTiCATED MARKETs is CRiTiCAL the region. We are pleased to announce that this report further on the protocols, practical insights introduced by the organizers. Topics TO ThE TRAnsfORMATiOn Of AgRiCuLTuRE is just one of the many products that are either already programs and decisions covered included changing perceptions on traditional available electronically or are under preparation. For already adopted by the food staples; regional development of agro-industries; Presenting the opening address, the Vice President of the example, all the papers in full, the presentations and Summit of EAC Heads water for food security, research and development; Republic of Uganda, H.E Edward Ssekandi, emphasized the videos of the event are on www.kilimotrust.org/ that agricultural transformation for wealth creation is of State in the context and the benefits of biofertilizers and biopesticides in Hon. Shem Bageine internationalsymposium. Please visit this web page to of the theme of the sustainable agriculture. achieved by graduating from the marketing and export of access the rich knowledge gathered during the week of raw commodities to the marketing and export of processed International Symposium and its associated events. They 4 – 8 November 2013. and highly differentiated food and other agricultural said that the focus of EAC agricultural integration is to products. For this reason, H.E the Vice President said make the sector a strong engine for wealth creation, that the EACM is an unprecedented opportunity for poverty reduction and food and nutrition security for market-oriented transformation. He also emphasized the people of the EAC Partner States. Both ministers the urgent need for full liberalization of regional trade in applauded the timely organization of the International food and agricultural products by removing all regulatory Symposium which brought together a wide and varied obstacles and barriers (both tariff and non-tariff) so that range of practitioners and experts to deliberate on the the potential of the EACM can be fully realized. issues that are now being discussed at EAC negotiations, sectoral meetings and summit meetings. Referring to the importance of sophisticated markets in the transformation and modernization of agriculture, Hon. Bageine pointed out that this year (2013) the EAC H.E the Vice President observed that investment in Council of Ministers and the Secretariat had agreed to non-farming subsectors in the rural areas is a priority accelerate the implementation of the Food Security in order to expand rural purchasing power. Action Plan and called on the delegates for good ideas
2 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 3 on how a wide spectrum of stakeholders could support The Governor brought some counterintuitive thinking into WE WAnT TO ExPLORE sPECifiC OPPORTuniTiEs WE hAvE MADE ThE fiRsT sTEP in WALKing this process. He pointed out that the EAC’s Sanitary and the debate by suggesting that, “Modernizing agriculture fOR COLLAbORATiOn On ACTiOn POinTs ThE TALK, PLEAsE fOLLOW ThROugh Phytosanitary Protocol is being completed and requested will require more financial resources … but the amount delegates to take this into account in the debate on how required is not vast … and it should be possible to provide Dr. Olu Ajayi, CTA’s Senior Was the call to action regional trade in food and agricultural products can be the public goods and services with relatively modest Program Coordinator, from Mr. Leslie Reed, expanded and accelerated. He requested those involved increases in the share of government budgets allocated delivered a speech on Director of the USAID in the implementation of the protocol to work hard to to agriculture.” This statement generated much debate behalf of the Director Dr. Mission in Uganda. Through ensure that once approved this protocol will be translated in subsequent sessions during the week. He continued Michael Hailu. He noted his representative, Mr. quickly into operating procedure at border posts. to challenge the status quo when he said that in order to that the review of the past Martin Fowler, USAID achieve sufficient momentum to transform the region’s to draw lessons for the Adviser on Agriculture and Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi agriculture, “getting the policies right is more important future is aligned with the Livelihoods, the director on his part reiterated that than the total amount of public resources invested”. He overall mission of CTA, assured delegates of there can be no growth Dr. Olu Ajayi Martin Fowler also underscored the importance of getting priorities which is to enhance USAID’s commitment to without investment directed right with respect to financial support to smallholders. agricultural and rural development policy processes and seeing the region become the bread basket and economic at the producers, especially “Providing loans to farmers is sometimes seen as the key value-chain development for food security, prosperity hub of the continent. USAID supports ASARECA in its work smallholder farmers, to to raising productivity …for the most part this is mistaken and sound natural resources management in the African, on cassava and maize; the East Africa Farmers Federation enable them to access unless there are good links to markets”. Smallholders Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) region. This is achieved by: in promoting trade; and the East Africa Grain Council in and use modern inputs. are not attractive to buyers as they do not produce large a) supporting evidence-based and multi-stakeholder developing a regional food balance sheet. USAID also He called on delegates to Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi surpluses. At the same time, they cannot increase their engagement in agricultural policy processes and strategies works with the Government of Uganda and the EAC debate innovative ways productivity and thus surpluses without access to funds that empower farmers, women and youth in the ACP Secretariat to maximize trade opportunities through to establish sustainable institutions such as cooperatives to procure modern inputs. The debate took another countries; b) promoting value addition and markets; and initiatives like the current President Obama’s new Trade and associations. He noted that while there was some interesting turn when the governor said, “Governments c) strengthening the capacity of ACP institutions and Africa Initiative. USAID’s goal, as with the EAC, is for the truth to the complaints about poor performance, the should avoid subsidizing the provision of goods and networks in information, communication and knowledge region to achieve sustainable food and income security sector remains the most important productive sector services that can be supplied by the market, such as management to increase incomes, generate jobs and in the near future. in the EAC economies. “Even the little manufacturing credit and fertilizer. encourage young people to get involved in agriculture. there is in the region is nearly all agriculture- with As a full partner in the organization of the International ThE unDOing Of AgRiCuLTuRE KnOWs nO bORDERs 66% of manufactured value added(MVA) coming from As A COLLECTivE uniT, sMALLhOLDERs ARE Symposium, CTA is looking forward to working with the agro-industries”. ThE biggEsT invEsTORs in AgRiCuLTuRE organizers and other stakeholders to translate those During her opening remarks, in DEvELOPing COunTRiEs the Executive Director of fOCus On gOOD POLiCiEs, PubLiC gOODs recommendations falling within its mandate into tangible results and outcomes. ASARECA, Dr. Fina Opio AnD sERviCEs nOT subsiDiEs AnD LOAns This was the central message highlighted the challenges in the remarks delivered on affecting the sector in Prof. Emmanuel Tumusiime OPERATing As A bLOCK in MATTERs Of AgRiCuLTuRAL behalf of IFAD’s President by the region and beyond. Mutebile, Governor of DEvELOPMEnT WiLL yiELD fOOD AnD inCOME Mr. Hamed Haidara, IFAD’s She firmly clarified that, the Bank of Uganda, sECuRiTy Country Director for Burundi. isolated efforts would said, “The very weak He highlighted the fact that This was the message not save the region performance of agriculture IFAD is committed to action of the Deputy Secretary from such challenges in East Africa, especially Dr. Fina Opio in the EAC as evidenced by General EAC, Mr. Charles for many of them know food crop agriculture, the presence of country Njoroge, on behalf of the no borders especially pests and diseases. In that regard, demonstrates that our Mr. Hamed Haidara offices with resident country EAC Secretary General. ASARECA under her leadership was spearheading work agricultural policies have Prof. Emmanuel Tumusiime Mutebile directors in each of the Partner States. The majority of His statement echoed to consolidate efforts in the countries of its operation to not worked. They must be IFAD’s programs in Eastern and Southern Africa are with the EAC’s mandate control diseases and pests as well as harmonization of reformed.” He added that the structural transformation the EAC Partner States. This is a significant commitment to achieve economic policies. In conclusion, she called upon all stakeholders to that all developing countries (as well as development given that IFAD covers more than 20 countries in the integration within the bring together their individual efforts in order to realize strategists, policymakers and organizations) are pursuing Charles Njoroge region. Mr. Haidara emphasized the importance of EAC. Mr. Njoroge said significant impact in agriculture. cannot be achieved without modernizing the agriculture investing in smallholders. This is a timely and relevant that if the region operates as a cohesive bloc, it will sector. To emphasize the point made earlier by Hon. message given that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) yield optimal benefits for the Partner States by fully Bucyanayandi, the Governor said that there is enough currently dominate development thinking. He ended utilizing economies of scale, competitive and comparative evidence worldwide to illustrate that the modernization by requesting that all delegates commit to action to advantages. and commercialization of farming is almost always a implement the recommendations from the symposium precondition of industrialization. and its associated events.
4 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 5 ü Sufficient human and technological capital through The key indicators of success includes: sTROng LEADERshiP AnD ThE inTEgRATiOn Asian countries developed sophisticated but small and training, research and development, Of AgRiCuLTuRE WiTh OThER sECTORs is labor-intensive machinery, Brazil and South Africa went ü Wealth creation through decent jobs and incomes ü CRuCiAL fOR bALAnCED TRAnsfORMATiOn for large-scale farming and labor-saving mechanization. Economies of scale, especially through regional in agriculture; integration in agricultural trade, Consequently, both countries achieved high productivity ü Improved food and nutrition security through trade; What is the best way of and surpluses but with serious reduction in employment ü Adequate physical infrastructure including irrigation, ü Increased volumes and quality of investment by achieving rapid structural opportunities in agriculture. energy and transport, both the public and private sectors coupled with; transformation to support On the other hand, China ü Efficient public, private and civil institutions. accountability and evidence-based assessments economic development retained a relatively higher of progress, with benefits to those proportion of its population CAADP is MORE ThAn ThE MAPuTO DECLARATiOn employed in agriculture in agriculture while excelling ü Enhanced human capital and institutions through that are comparable to The CAADP framework is science and technology; and in increasing productivity designed to bring about those in non-agricultural ü Accelerated regional integration in trade and and production. This case agricultural transformation sectors? This was the focus markets as an integral and essential component Dr. Uma Lele study provides very clear through an Africa-wide of the keynote paper, of sustainable national solutions. choices for the EAC Partner coordination of country Lessons for East Africa from Asia and Latin America, States. how do we accelerate and expand attainment of the presented by Dr. Uma Lele, a former senior adviser to strategies and investment CAADP goals? To achieve the desired levels and rate of the World Bank and currently an independent scholar. irrigation matters in increasing total factor productivity. programs for agriculture. transformation of African agriculture, a two-pronged approach The paper compared agricultural transformation in Brazil, In the early 1960s, the total agricultural factor productivity The framework focuses is planned through systems and capacity transformation, Indonesia, India, China and South Africa (BIICS). The in the EAC Partner States was comparable to that of on harnessing human and Unami Mpofu and enhanced productivity and value addition. Towards analysis was based on historical data comparing structural BIICS and Egypt. However, by 2010, the agricultural total institutional capacities, this end, the CAADP Results Framework provides the transformation in 109 countries. The analysis showed factor productivity had either decreased, remained static enhancing policies, building following major milestones in tracking progress in the that good indicators of balanced outcomes of structural or increased by only 50% in the EAC Partner States. alignment to the national growth agenda, and better next 10 years to 2024: transformation are high-factor productivity in agriculture In comparison, it more than doubled in all the BIICS evidence-based planning and quality of national agriculture and food security investment plans (NAFSIP). CAADP also coupled with a minimal gap between agriculture’s share except India and almost trebled in Egypt. The difference ü Agribusiness and entrepreneurship that increases provides mechanisms for regional peer learning and review of employment versus its contribution to the GDP. The in productivity was found to be driven by the extent of the volume of agricultural primary products that are and for facilitating the alignment and harmonization of BIICS countries provided good case studies because of irrigation. Egypt, which delivered the highest rate of processed, to at least secondary level, by African development efforts. It is about rallying stakeholders to the similarities and marked differences among them with growth in yield per hectare and had the highest total agro-industries; and new job opportunities created find and consistently implement sustainable solutions to respect to agriculture. They all have large agriculture factor productivity, was the country with the highest within the agriculture sector and allied industries; sectors, making each a significant player in the world’s irrigation ratio to population at 1.7 ha/capita. China and end hunger and eradicate poverty through agriculture, which is more than the Maputo Declaration. This was ü Infrastructure aiming at, for example, increasing food and agricultural markets. The three Asian countries India had the second highest irrigation ratio of between proportion of the continent’s agricultural land (rural have high population density and thus acute pressure 0.042 – 0.045 ha/capita followed by South Africa at 0.03 the central message of the keynote paper delivered by Ms. Uma Mpofu on behalf of NEPAD’s CEO, Dr. Ibrahim areas) with integrated access to power, irrigation on land while Brazil and South Africa are characterized ha/capita. On the other hand, the EAC Partner States had and ICT installations; by marked land and income inequality. a combined 0.002 ha/capita of land under irrigation (only Mayaki. ü 6% of South Africa). India was the only anomaly in this Markets, trade and regional integration measured Choose technologies to increase productivity without What have we learned then after a decade of correlation between irrigation and growth in productivity. by, for example, Africa’s share of the global food drastically cutting employment opportunities in agriculture. CAADP implementation? With 43 countries already and agricultural trade; and increase in regional and The comparison of the BIICS and the EAC Partner States internal savings are important. Another factor that actively engaged, the CAADP process has led to marked Africa wide trade in food and other agricultural shows that economies of distinguishes Asian countries from the other countries improvement in planning processes, inclusiveness products; scale in either population used in this comparison is the rate of internal savings. and increased participation of non-state actors. It has ü Socio-economic growth and inclusive development (and thus internal markets in In 2012, internal savings reached 50% of GDP in China enhanced accountability and created a supportive enabling using transparency and public accountability in China, India and Indonesia) and more than 30% of GDP in India and Indonesia. By environment. A common vision of an African agenda on the acquisition and use of land, water and forest or scale of farms through comparison, the EAC Partner States on average saved agriculture and agricultural development has been put resources; increased capacity for stronger resilience mechanization in Brazil less than 10% of GDP. The high savings rate in Asia was into practice as well. The coordination among various and social protection; and reduction in hunger and and South Africa are also reflected in high domestic investment leading to faster players and the engagement of government ministries, malnutrition; civil society and private businesses has also improved. important factors in capital formation among the population with China leading ü However, as evidenced by the limited improvement in key Total factor productivity to achieve inclusive growth agricultural transformation in becoming the first developing country to become a consistent with an industrializing continent; and development. However, the rapid decline in employment net provider of overseas development assistance. India indicators, there are still wide gaps in implementation, ü Decisive and visionary leadership and institutions that in the agriculture sector and the increase in rural poverty and Indonesia followed close behind. which is out of phase with good planning, priorities and has a critical mass of African leaders championing in Brazil and South Africa, compared to the slow decline strategies by a wide margin. The next decade must be The message for the EAC Partner states is that agriculture and rural development; and in agricultural employment and the rapid reduction in defined by the pursuit of tangible results with respect to rural poverty in China illustrates that “large-scale” is modernization of agriculture to eliminate poverty and the socio-economic wellbeing of the continent’s people, ü A political system that internalize accountability for not always beneficial. This is perhaps explained by the hunger requires: especially women and youth and rural communities. agriculture development; and strengthen capacities of state institutions. difference in the mechanization strategies of the Asian ü Long term, consistent and well-coordinated strategies countries compared to Brazil and South Africa. While the with governments in the driver’s seat,
6 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 7 invEsT in infRAsTRuCTuRE As A COMPLiMEnT TO POLiCy Youth in Agriculture Workshop
The keynote paper, Rethinking Agricultural Development: the Case of East Africa, by Mr. Timothy Wesonga of the EAC Secretariat, outlined the EAC vantage point. EAC integration is being implemented in stages. Timothy Wesonga The Customs Union and Common Market, which allows free movement of people, capital, labor and services, is operational. This will be followed by monetary union and ultimately political federation. Regional agriculture interests are served by the Sectoral Council on Agriculture and Food Security. The council’s mandate includes seed and livestock multiplication, plant and animal disease control, food security and irrigation and water catchment management. The EAC Agriculture and Rural Development Policy (2006) reflects the commitment of the Partner States to foster economic cooperation. It sanctions the provisions of the EAC Treaty as set out in Chapter 18, Articles 105-110, that guide production, development and opportunities arising from regional integration and globalization. Despite this progress by the Partner ThE AgRiCuLTuRE sECTOR MusT TAP agriculture in a businesslike, innovative and exciting way. States, results on reducing poverty and elevating living inTO ThE DEMOgRAPhiC DiviDEnD What remains is to increase the number of youth in standards has been mixed. This begs the question agriculture, especially at the farm end of the value chain. whether existing policies are sufficient for realizing There are 100 million youth in the EAC Partner States. The regional youth demographic underscores the need national strategic visions for agriculture. Institutional Nearly half are under the age of 15. By 2050 there will to radically change the approach for involving the youth. sluggishness and poor coordination between central be more than 250 million youth in the region. Given that They should be driving regional policy and development. and local government officials have undermined legal the youth have an abundance of energy and enthusiasm and regulatory frameworks. This has served to hamper and the ability to innovate and adapt quickly to new In his closing speech, USAID deputy director for the Uganda cross-border trade in particular. technologies, they represent what has been dubbed mission, Mr. Mark Meassick challenged governments and “the demographic dividend”. However, donor organizations by saying, “Our public Investment in transport infrastructure is crucial. As an There are approximately 100 million agriculture is attracting a very small and donor investment policies really example, trade figures rose after the completion of youth in the EAC Partner States and proportion of the youth. The workshop don’t reflect the importance of youth the new road between Arusha and Nairobi. There are nearly half of this number is under the used case studies from the youth and their involvement in agriculture. a raft of additional challenges ranging from high input age of 15. By 2050, there will be more to explore options for their greater Much in the same way that it took years costs, non-functioning marketing institutions and too than 250 million youth in the region. involvement in agriculture and to finally recognize the central role of few entrepreneurs to fragmented research, ill-equipped agribusiness. As such, the YiA workshop women in agriculture, we also need extension systems and poor land use policies. Tanzania was an opportunity for the youth to share experiences to recognize the importance of youth to agriculture”. He cultivates less than 20% of its arable land while the rate and examine the opportunities and challenges facing recommended that youth who are already in agriculture of cultivation in Rwanda and Uganda stands at around their participation in the sector. After theworkshop, a should pass on their skills through youth-to-youth learning 40%. The UNDP Development Report 2012 shows that select group of the youth participated in the technical and exchange platforms to build the confidence of other sub-Saharan Africa is not really improving its production symposium and took part in debates with the other youth who aspire to become farmers and agribusiness compared to Asia and Latin America. The solution is to delegates on the vision of the youth on the future of entrepreneurs. He added that much evidence emerged harmonize the EAC approach to food security and wealth agriculture in the EAC. from the workshop to demonstrate that the youth in creation. This includes trade liberalization with the end the region are ready to transform their lives through goal of transforming the region into a net food exporter. The quality of presentations and debate by the youth agriculture. However, they are attracted to technologically showed that contrary to conventional wisdom, “the glass advanced agriculture and not to “hoe” farming. is half full” and that the youth are already involved in
8 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 9 TO TAKE ADvAnTAgE Of ThE OPPORTuniTiEs development. These are a comprehensive, coherent public sector procurement can be used to support the kg a week), tomatoes AgRiCuLTuRE OffERs, ThE yOuTh nEED TO “WALK and harmonized regional youth policy; the ratification growth of start up. Mr. Ombima itemized six areas where and pepper in five small ThE TALK” and implementation of the African Youth Charter; the support for agribusiness start-ups could be improved: greenhouses. A year establishment of youth resource centers; a program access to seed capital; marketing skills and access to later, their business This was the central theme to link the youth and their enterprises to regional and markets; risk management; access to quality inputs; was producing 70 kg of for the opening speeches international markets; and advocacy for increased transport; and prompt payment by off takers, especially mushrooms, 200 kg of at the workshop. The guest investment in developing and empowering the youth. public organizations and commercial bulk buyers. tomatoes, 30 kg of yellow of honour, Mr. Kyateka and red pepper and 25 kg He called on the youth to take full advantage of these forty food recipes have enabled Harriet Nkoobe to turn Mondo, Commissioner initiatives. of green peppers a week. for Youth Affairs in the cassava into a cash crop beyond expectations. She is the With weekly sales averaging US$100, the cooperative Ministry of Gender, proprietor and manager of the Rural Agro-processing has already begun to realize one of its objectives of LEARning fROM ThE ExPERiEnCE Of and Trainers Association (RAPTA). For RAPTA, cassava is Youth Affairs and Social ThE yOuTh in AgRibusinEss generating income for its members. The group plans Development – Uganda, not a “famine crop” but an attractive cash crop. RAPTA to expand from 5 to 20 greenhouses and subsequently Kyateka Mondo challenged the youth The youth were commissioned to present 12 papers started in 2003 after Ms. Nkoobe attended a training boost production to 1,000 kg of tomatoes and 150 kg to use their knowledge and fascination with modern on aspects of agricultural value chain (inputs, supply, session in Ghana sponsored by Sasakawa Global 2000 on of cored pepper a week. The team has thought outside technology to introduce innovation into agribusiness production, value addition and marketing). Although the uses for cassava flour. Now it is a thriving business the box to raise the funds to underwrite this expansion to give it a competitive edge. the businesses started by the youth were as various as that sells 40 different food products made from cassava without resorting to costly commercial bank loans. Not the number of youth who attended the workshop, it flour. The initial investment consisted of group savings only do they intend to plough back the sales profits into Dr. Fina Opio, the Executive was interesting to note that most of the issues raised of US$100 and a grant from Sasakawa Global 2000 in the business, they are planning to participate in innovative Director of ASARECA, cited by the presenters were similar even though they lived in form of a cassava chipper and a grater. Ten years later, awards competitions. The current developments are four courses of action to different countries. This suggested that regional solutions the company is valued at US$11,000 and has an oven, that, their farm is considered a showcase and is being attract and retain the youth could be designed to solve local problems. According to a drying yard, store, processing room, kitchen, board used for demonstrations and training of trainers. The in the field of cutting-edge the presentations, most youth in the region venture into room and offices. RAPTA employs 14 youth and has built team would like to see the establishment of a regional agricultural science and agriculture because of the high rate of unemployment, up an out grower network of 937 farmers, most of them forum so that other youth in the region can learn how to technology. Agriculture should especially among those aspiring for white-collar jobs. youth. According to Ms. Nkoobe, the biggest challenge transform their lives through agriculture. Networking at be made more attractive lies in meeting food quality and safety standards as food forums also introduces young entrepreneurs to regional to the youth so that they from scratch to us$20,000 turnover in four years. This grading equipment is not available on the local market. markets. see it as a business rather Dr. Fina Opio is the inspirational story Another problem is that the out growers are unreliable than a way of life. There should be more advocacy to of Chickstar Investments with regard to quality, quantity and timely supply. RAPTA value addition for more cash from mushrooms. In involve young professionals in agriculture-related science Ltd, a farming and is providing training on good agricultural practices to its Uganda, Joseph Taremwa, a director of Youth Empowerment and technologies using media tools such as platforms marketing business outgrowers to achieve year-round, consistent supply. in Enterprise Development (YEED) Uganda, and a team for professionals. There should be greater investment in started in 2009 by Mr. of other young graduates are processing mushrooms Opening youths’ eyes to agriculture with iCT. developing the capacity of young professionals. The quality Astariko Ombima, a Lydia into soup. The business started in 2011 with an initial of agricultural education needs to be improved radically university graduate Kimani started Agriculture for African Markets International capital investment that included a contribution of to address contemporary challenges and innovations. who left his job in a (AFAM International) in December 2012 with US$600 in US$1,500 from members and US$2,500 as a grant from leading bank to embark capital from her own savings as well as support from her the Orskov Foundation. The business now has a capital Ms. Mpofu of CAADP pointed on chicken farming. parents’ savings. AFAM International is slowly building an investment of US$24,000 and an annual turnover of out that, there is a pan- Mr. Ombima’s experience highlights several factors that agricultural information service by tapping into youths’ US$16,000. The main challenge is delayed payments African program dedicated are important in attracting youth to farming. He said fascination with the internet and social media to fill the from the wholesalers who buy their product. YEED’s to the development of a his interest was first sparked by his parents, who were gap in youths’ access to information about agriculture most striking achievement is how it has reached out to workforce for a modern successful maize farmers. Other factors that contributed and it’s potential. With 800 connections on LinkedIn, other youth. It has trained about 80 youth and women African food system. She to stoking his interest in farming included knowledge and 2,000 friends on Facebook a growing following on Twitter, groups in mushroom production in Uganda, Zambia and urged the youth to take information gained from surfing the internet, watching AFAM is demystifying agriculture for the youth while South Sudan. It has created employment opportunities matters into their own hands farmers relate their success stories on television; and pointing out its opportunities. This has translated into for the youth (five company directors, seven employees by adjusting their mindset an average of three enquiries a day about agriculture. Unami Mpofu learning about the benefits of farming at agricultural and more than 300 outgrower farmers). In 2012, YEED to recognize and pursue shows and from Kenya’s Youth Enterprise Development Formal consultations, from which the organization can Uganda was the first runners-up in the Science Week in the immense opportunities in the agriculture sector for Fund. The final push came when his parents provided realize income, have begun coming in. Uganda organized by the Uganda National Council for instance engaging in constructive dialogue and pursue him with 1.6 ha of land. Using US$350 of his savings as Science and Technology and the Log’el Project. In 2011, self-employment as a viable and desirable career. investing retained earnings to build a precision farming start-up capital, Mr. Ombima invested in day-old broiler business. A team of nine graduates in Rwanda, led by it was the second runners-up in the Green Business Speaking on behalf of the Secretary General, the Deputy chick business starting with a batch of 500. Four years on, Marie Chantal Uwamariya, started Agrocare Cooperative Challenge Competition organized by the International Secretary General for Political Federation at the EAC the business has diversified into dairy, maize and bean in 2012. With US$2,500 from member contributions and Labour Organization (ILO). For the Younger Achievers Secretariat, Mr. Charles Njoroge, explained that the EAC farming; transport and an ICT service shop. The most driven by the desire to create employment and generate Award 2010, YEED Uganda was nominated one of the top has either completed or is in the process of completing interesting aspect of the business is the primary market income, the group began producing mushrooms (10 five in the category of vocational skills in agriculture and several policies, strategies and programs to support youth for Chickstar products - learning institutions - covering was awarded a Certificate of Innovation and Excellence. primary schools to universities. This demonstrates how
10 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 11 Turning knowledge into a business is the focus of shares (30%) were allocated to Mr. Kosgei. The business Martin Ssali of Smart Food operated on a 35% net profit per bag which translated Parallel Technical Sessions Ltd. He used his research into a US$2,115 total net profit for 244 bags that were paper on soya bean to kick procured and sold to Kenya’s National Cereals Produce off his business in 2008 with Board during the first year of operation. The business a US$100 soft loan from his enabled Mr. Kosgei to pay supervisor. A year later, he for his A-level school fees won an innovations grant of and the capital to diversify US$5,000 from the Rockefeller into other businesses. Foundation. From these The business concept small beginnings, Smart was simple “narrow your Food Ltd has grown into profits while expanding a US$20,000 enterprise with your volumes”. He did an outgrower network of this by offering a US$3 5,000 farmers and can process 4MT of soya into different premium over the other products annually. In 2012, Mr. Ssali won the Young middlemen. Achievers award in Business and Trade in Uganda. The cost Turning horticulture into a us$170,000 fortune. of developing a market presence and brand recognition When is the major challenge faced by small enterprises such as Innocent Namuhoranye finished his A levels in 2008, Smart Food Ltd. The company has invested US$1,400 in he joined the Evergreen Grass Management Company, developing a website and designing and printing flyers. It which landscaped and laid lawns and pitches. As a side also offers promotional discounts to attract consumers. business, he started Good Amica Business Company, Mr. Ssali said that tax incentives and easy access to good growing vegetables for the local market. Subsequently machinery and equipment leasing would attract more he sold to supermarkets and then exported to Gabon. In youth into agricultural processing. 2011, with the aim of improving the quality of his export products, Mr. Namuhoranye went into partnership with Demand for white meat a niche market for Pukure Agricol and Klein Karoo Seeds Marketing, both South integrated fish farmers. PIFF was started in 2001 with an African companies, to supply him with turf and horticultural initial investment of US$779, which was used for setting up seeds. His first contract was to supply kikuyu grass to the welve commissioned papers were presented and EnhAnCing COMPETiTivEnEss a fish pond for fingerlings and plate-size fish. In 2005, PIFF Rwanda Ministry of Agriculture. He has since expanded discussed in three parallel clusters. The aim of in PRODuCTiOn, PRODuCTiviTy established a hatchery and nursery ponds after securing to include smallholder farmers, who are currently his Tclustering was to allow the delegates to use the AnD MARKET ACCEss funding from the Northern Uganda Social Action Fund biggest market segment. The company markets 10 limited time available for constructive debate leading to Transformation to achieve a regional competitive edge (NUSAF). The business won the Best Performer category gm, 50gm, 125 gm, 250 gm, 500 gm and 1 kg packs of thoughtful and focused conclusions and recommendations. was the common theme underlying the presentations of the NUSAF projects in 2007 and was subsequently seed that are affordable to customers. With an initial Each cluster dealt with closely related sub-themes. Cluster and discussions in Cluster 1. The commissioned papers visited by Uganda’s president, H.E Yoweri Museveni. investment of about US$50,000, he has been able to grow 1 dealt with production, productivity and market access. were: The business signed a two-year contract to cost-share his horticultural and seed companies to US$170,000 in Cluster 2 dealt with knowledge systems and agricultural with USAID’s Livelihoods Education and Sustainable operating capital. In May 2013, Mr. Namuhoranye began business development. Cluster 3 dealt with human capital, ü On Farm Production and Productivity in the EAC: natural resources and policies. Development project to establish local hatcheries and a degree in business studies at the Kigali International fifty years after independence - by Prof. Shellemiah ponds in Amuru and Gulu Districts. Currently PIFF has University. His message for prospective entrepreneurs was Evidence from the commissioned papers shows that a Keya and Prof. Patrick Rubaihayo. a capital investment of nearly US$73,000 and supplies to match the customer with the product. In other words, lot work has been done in the agriculture sector or is in ü schools, supermarkets and prime restaurants with fish. It farmers will only buy seed if it’s more cost effective than Institutional Aspects of Post-harvest Management progress. Although individually, the efforts would not is also a recognised demonstration fish farm in Northern their own seed. He also warned against compromising and Agroprocessing - by Prof. Geoffrey Mrema and yield the much needed impact to liberate the region from Uganda. With the new national emphasis on opening up quality when reducing operating costs. This was crucial Dr. Jean Ndikumana. hunger and poverty, a plan to coordinate the different regional markets, Mr. Peter Okoya, the managing director, for expanding the market base and creating brand loyalty. ü efforts should be put in place as a matter of urgency. A Agricultural Marketing and Trade for Wealth Creation- sees a great future for inland fish farming, especially holistic approach to undertaking agricultural interventions by Prof. Isaac Minde and Dr. Jean Ndimubandi. as open-water fish stocks are becoming increasingly is essential and should be fast-tracked with the market ü Trends, Drivers and Determinants for Agricultural vulnerable. being the driver of the sector. Productivity in the EAC - by Dr. Joseph Karugia and Purpose drives entrepreneurship. Thirst for education The afternoon of 6 November 2013 was set aside for Dr. Paul Githiga. motivated Mr. Evans Kosgei’s joining the agriculture sector seven specialist seminars. The seminars addressed issues as a middleman in Kenya’s Trans Nzoia County in the along the lines of the symposium’s theme of assessing 50 2004/2005 cropping season. Mr. Kosgei’s father provided years of progress and setbacks in the agriculture sector a pickup truck and obtained a US$7,060 bank loan as his input to becoming a partner in the business in which he would own a 70% shareholding. The balance of the
12 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 13 Progress has been good, but the food staples subsector fifty years of Cyclic Experimentation with Agricultural Uganda declined, Kenya’s agro-industrial development emerged. Some have registered phenomenal growth over is held back by subsistence farming . value Addition and Post-harvest Processing. went from strength to strength. The main lesson to be the past two decades to become multi-million-shilling learned from the fabulous success in the tea subsector regional conglomerates marketing leading brands of Presenting their paper Prof. Geoffrey Mrema despite the policy changes, on one hand, and the average processed foods and other agricultural products. The region and conclusions, Prof. and Dr. Jean Ndikumana or below-average performance in other commodities, has also excelled in two new agro-industries, exporting Keya and Prof. Rubaihayo provided a detailed review on the other is that, agricultural development strategies horticulture and fish. Investment in infrastructure is more noted that low levels of of the history of post– should avoid the “one size fits all” approach. integrated and encouraging with respect to boosting mechanization and limited harvest processing and private-sector investment in agro-industries. However, unnecessary change of strategies made things worse soil-water conservation, value addition in the EAC the value-chain approach is now on the development rainwater harvesting and from 1950 to 2013. They during the period 1973-93. The first East African Community agenda and is seen by many as a panacea for agricultural modern irrigation means demonstrated that there (EAC(1)) of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda collapsed in development, particularly in the context of post-harvest the food subsector has has been phenomenal 1977 bringing trade between the countries to a virtual Prof. Shellemiah Keya Prof. Geoffrey Mrema and value-addition processes. failed to take advantage experimentation in post- halt, especially in processed agricultural goods. At the of the tremendous harvest handling and agro-industry, both of which were same time, bumper harvests made possible by the Green As a result, there is a danger of repeating the “one size advances made in the last 50 years with respect to crop considerably affected by the many changes in agricultural Revolution in Asia and Latin America exposed the woefully fits all” mistakes of the past. Bearing this in mind, it is and animal breeding, agronomy and animal husbandry, policies during this 60-year period. Immediately before inadequate capacity of the post-harvest systems in most encouraging to note that as a result of the 2008 - 2009 ICT, and other technologies. However they reaffirmed independence, post-harvest systems and agro-industries of developing world. This led to several global initiatives to global food crisis, there are now several global and regional the importance of agriculture in building the economies were primarily the preserve of large-scale settler farmers reduce post-harvest losses. In Africa the focus was largely initiatives to introduce a comprehensive and unified response of the EAC Partner States. working with small-scale out growers to produce cash on understanding and improving the traditional storage to the challenge of achieving global food security. This is crops for the export market. In Tanzania, sisal accounted and primary processing systems at the household level. an opportunity for a new vision for regional agriculture from food surplus to deficit. It is disturbing to see for the largest installed capacity for agroprocessing. Consequently, the major multilateral and bilateral donors that is productive and boosts the number of small- and that over the last five decades, the EAC Partner States There was also significant installed capacity in Kenya provided assistance for post-harvest management, often medium-scale commercial farmers (especially women have moved from being a food-surplus to a food-deficit and Uganda for processing of coffee, tea, pyrethrum, using untested technologies while neglecting lessons and youth) who supply to agribusinesses. Institutional region despite their notable success with developing cotton, dairy and beef. already learnt in the region. A good example was the ten innovations which promote commercial enterprises, high-yielding crop varieties and livestock germplasm. cashew-processing factories built in the rural areas of especially in smallholder farming, and innovative systems For example, cereal production growth of 1.3% average Politically driven “one size fits all” approaches southern Tanzania. They all experienced severe technical for coordinating smallholder a year is below the global average and insufficient to hindered progress. The integration of smallholders and operational problems and finally were abandoned production, marketing and keep pace with the EAC population growth rate of just was implemented in a meaningful way from the first in the late 1980s. Generally, by the early 1990s food processing are called for if under 3% a year. decade after independence to the mid-1970s. The first imports were on the rise; regional trade was stagnant; and this vision is to be realized. integration was initiated in Kenya in 1954 and anchored commodities that were export leaders in the first decade The principal ingredient yield are less than 1/3 of the potential. The greatest on the intensification of agricultural production in the after independence were no longer competitive in the will be the adoption and concern is that yields for most agricultural commodities in Central and Rift Valley Provinces. This was coupled global market. This environment prompted governments, strong enforcement of a the EAC are, more often than not, less than one-third of with the establishment of post-harvest processing and with donor support, to embark on Economic Structural regulatory framework their potential e.g. Uganda is the world’s second largest marketing infrastructure; integrating rural roads; markets; Adjustment Programs. The emphasis shifted from commodity that promotes fair trade, producer of bananas after India yet there is scarcely warehouses; processing factories; and institutional boards and parastatals to cooperatives and associations. accountability, and safety any surplus for export because yields are only 5 MT/ Dr. Jean Ndikumana frameworks such as the Smallholder Crop Development The private sector was being viewed more positively. and quality standards. ha compared to 31 MT/ha in India. The second major Authority which principally covered tea, coffee, dairy and The move toward privatization had a positive impact on problem is the small and fluctuating volumes produced by Low productivity is worrying in the light of food security. beef. However, only the Kenya Tea Development Authority the post-harvest systems and value-addition activities farming enterprises because of the limited mechanization In their paper, Trends, Drivers and Determinants for (KTDA) managed sustained development to become the in the region. There was an increase in cross-border of farming. Agricultural Productivity in the EAC, Dr. Joseph Karugia most successful integrated institutional innovation for trade, especially between the three countries of EAC(1). and Dr. Paul Guthiga said that low productivity especially Accelerate adoption of modern technologies. The agricultural development in the EAC. Attempts in the 1970s Much of the trade at this time was dominated by Kenyan of cereals partly explained the prolonged food insecurity authors’ conclusion was in Uganda and Tanzania to replace the successful native agro-industry exports to Tanzania and Uganda while raw in the region. Cereal yields recorded an annual increase that the EAC has barely cooperatives with commodity development authorities agricultural products flowed the other way. Companies of 1% over the period 1965 – 2010. Over the same started to realize its (CDAs) managed by civil servants largely failed. These investing in agroprocessing were beginning to look at the period, maize yields agricultural potential. CDAs were parastatals managed by civil servants. This led entire region as a potential market as well as a source grew at an average However, rapid progress to a decline in agricultural marketing and post-harvest of raw materials. In summary, during a 20-year period rate of 1.1% annually requires the widespread processing activities. Other changes ranged from the regional agricultural development policy went full circle with high fluctuations and integrated adoption indigenization of small and medium-sized enterprises with the result that many opportunities were lost. This both within the region of modern inputs, ICT and in Kenya to the nationalization of strategic sectors of should be avoided in the future. and nationally. The other innovations while the economy in Tanzania. Uganda fell somewhere in the Although still limited (with a lot more to be desired), regional trends in focusing on markets. Good middle until the mass expulsion of the Asian community stable strategies are paying dividends (1993-2013). cereal productivity governance across the after former President Idi Amin seized power in a military Prof. Patrick Rubaihayo conceal underlying wide board in the agriculture coup in 1971. The changes had mixed results in the region. Privatization of the business activities of the parastatals is almost complete in all the countries in the region. New disparities between Dr. Paul Guthiga sector is also essential. While agro-industry and agribusiness in Tanzania and companies, most of them locally incorporated, have the Partner States. For
14 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 15 instance, during the period 1985 -1990, the average 1,800 TuRning AgRiCuLTuRAL KnOWLEDgE inTO businEss sector and with other productivity was 1.8MT/ha in Kenya while in Rwanda it Rapid Urbanization Income growth sectors as well. 1,600 stood at 1.2MT/ha. Rice yields almost doubled from an Cutting-edge technologies and good management practices 1,400 average of 1.1MT/ha in 1965 to 2MT/ha in the period to make agricultural enterprises more competitive were The authors ended by Changing Food System 1,200 2005 - 2010 but are still well below the global average the common themes underlying the presentations and calling for the revision of 6MT/ha - urban market growth discussions in Cluster 2. The commissioned papers were: of agricultural education 1,000 - shifting deman (processed foods, high value foods) and training system to In some instances, an increase in production has been ü 800 Agricultural Knowledge Systems in the EAC Region: produce graduates recorded. Unfortunately, such an increase can be attributed Lessons from the Past and Prospects for the Future 600 capable of turning to the expansion of land under crops and the number of by - Prof. Agnes Mwang’ombe and Prof. Elly Sabiti. Prof. Agnes Mwang’ombe 400 modern knowledge and animals as opposed to productivity. For instance, between A. Impact on Food Supply B. Impact on Food Consumption ü Agricultural Business and Enterprise Development shifting technologies and over-consumtion, declining technologies into agricultural innovations and enterprises. 200 1965 and 2010, the EAC area that was harvested increased technical skills required in food diverity and quality Services: the Past 50 years and Visions for the Future Training should include industrial internships with an by 97% from an average of 4.8 million ha from 1965 the food industry: obesity, heart disease, - private sector diabetes - by Mr. Tony Nsanganira and mr. Saeed Bancie. emphasis on integrating ICT into agriculture. 1950 1970to 19701990 to 9.62010 million2030 ha from2050 2005 to 2010 while the - public sector ü Equipping EAC’s Farmers of the Future - by Ms. amountRural Urbanof land Totalunder beans grew by 300% over the A pluralistic approach to providing business development Mercy Karanja and Dr. Ephraim Nkonya. same period. However, is already presented elsewhere, services (bDs) will help reach masses. this expansion was not accompanied by increasing ü An East Africa Success Story: the Smallholder Tea Figure 1: Changing patterns of food demand in Africa productivity. Therefore, the Sector in Kenya - by Mr. Charles Kimathi and Mr. Mr. Tony Nsanganira and authors recommended an Source: (UN Urban Projections (http://esa.un.org/unup/) Francis Muriuki. Mr. Saeed Bancie assessed different approaches to increment of funds going The value chain approach works. Independence kicked providing BDS and factors to R & D which should be off with state-dominated economic development approach An expansion in Agricultural Education and Extension influencing sustainability. coupled with investment whereby industry was viewed as the engine of growth for systems but with worrying drop in the quality. A challenge in the design in technology uptake to economic development. Government intervention was and provision of BDS has enhance productivity and instituted through marketing boards which controlled the This was the main message been the lack of clear profitability. They suggested marketing of agricultural inputs and outputs. The system delivered by Prof. Agnes a coordinated approach to ways of recovering the proved useful for collecting taxes and providing political Mwang’ombe and Prof. Elly Tony Nsanganira implementation of policies production cost by the Dr. Joseph Karugia patronage but inefficient in attracting new investment. Sabiiti who noted that the providers with most of the BDS in agriculture being to ensure complementarity. Other glaring features in this period were governments EAC had seen significant provided by government and development organizations fixing input and output prices, monopolizing processing growth in agricultural for highly subsidized cost for the ultimate beneficiary. improved and more sophisticated marketing arrangements and strictly maintaining single channel marketing systems. research, education and are critical in meeting the food requirements of the Market liberalization in the 80s was a great incentive in extension systems since This is not a sound business and is not sustainable. increasing population in the EAC. promoting operations of a free market. The horticultural Prof. Elly Sabiiti independence. Currently, BDS is more of a public good than a commercially sector in Kenya is a case in point of how structured markets sustainable business. In the few cases where a private This was the message Excellence immediately after independence. Kenya, can impact the economy. The factors contributing to this entrepreneur is involved, the business is not sustainable by Prof. Minde and Tanzania and Uganda started the years after independence success include: (i) a real exchange rate aligned with its for it is largely funded through a project that has a time Dr. Ndimubandi. They with centres of excellence in several aspects of agriculture. equilibrium value; (ii) macroeconomic stability; (iii) an frame. After independence, BDS was primarily in the noted that the ongoing Progress was impressive until the late 1980s because enabling investment climate; (iv) solid infrastructure; form of extension services and was supported by the urbanization and rapid research, education and extension had good backing from (v) links with high value markets; and (vi) deliberate national governments. With the introduction of structural economic growth are the governments. The region’s research, education and efforts to facilitate cooperation between farmers and adjustment programs in the 80s, extension services and pushing up consumers’ extension system has undergone many changes since the exporters complemented by training and support for BDS were expected to be delivered by the private sector purchasing power days of the very successful East African Agricultural and small-scale irrigation. following liberalization of economies but the ‘free rider’ generating demand for Forestry Research Organization, which was established Prof. Isaac Minde problem made it difficult for the private sector to take up food and pushing food Open the regional borders to build economies of in 1947. The first change was triggered by the 1977 BDS. However, a gap was created and due to the role of demand away from traditional staples towards foods scale. collapse of EAC (1) which led to agricultural research The EAC Partner States are characterized by small BDS in agricultural development, NGOs and development like meat and milk. It is projected that by 2050, urban being integrated into national structures. In the 1990s, economies. It is only by opening agencies have come on board resulting in a pluralistic population will outstrip rural population in SSA changing the resource support was cut back but the expansion was the regional borders and approach to providing BDS. food consumption patterns drastically. Consequently, promoting free movement accelerated seriously which eroded the quality. This has led food consumption in urban areas will increase six fold of goods and services that to too many under-resourced and uncoordinated efforts A win - win approach to bDs. Due to the beneficiaries’ ramping up demand for packaged convenient foods (figure private investors will find a to develop, disseminate and use agricultural knowledge, reluctance to pay for BDS, private companies have developed 1). This is a significant opportunity but it is currently reason to invest in any of the information and innovations. The system is fragmented innovative ways of ensuring that BDS plays its role in being taken up by imports other than locally produced Partner States. The EACM and subject to legislative and regulatory frameworks that promoting productivity as well as product quality. For products. treaty is a significant step are not harmonized. It is important to develop coherent instance, Brookside (K) Ltd. contracts dairy farmers to in the right direction but policies and update institutional resources (human and supply milk. In return, the company provides the farmers should be followed up with material). Links should be built within the agriculture with quality extension among other inputs and deducts serious implementation. Dr. Jean Ndimubandi
16 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 17 the cost from the value of the milk supplied. This is medium farmers of the future must be commercial. of outgrowers that uses a central value-addition factoris. ü Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in a win-win model that could be used in other sectors. The following are the prerequisites for commercializing The processing factories are co-owned by the Kenya Tea the EAC - by Dr. Caleb Weggoro and Mr. Timothy Another case is the KTDA model in Kenya where there is small and medium holder farmers in the EAC. Development Agency (KTDA) and the farmers. Before Wesonga. an arrangement to share assets such as the processing 1954, tea was grown by white settlers with a law barring ü ü Policies, Institutional Frameworks and International plants. Operations are managed by the agency. Farmers Good infrastructure, especially storage facilities, lacks smallholder farmers from producing tea. By 1964, so that smallholder farmers can increase their Development Interventions - by Dr. Jean Mbonigaba are guaranteed a ready market and fair price for their black smallholder farmers had taken to the crop but and Dr. Alfred Bizoza. produce as well as quality inputs and BDS from KTDA volumes to attract buyers; faced challenges. The sector was tightly controlled by on credit as an embedded service. ü Easy access to rural services, especially transport the government through the Kenya Tea Development ü Drivers of Agricultural Transformation - by Dr. Alex as it constitutes the largest percentage of product Authority until 1999 when it was privatized and renamed Awiti . The authors concluded their presentation by listing the cost e.g. of up to 70% of the consumer price of rice; the Kenya Tea Development Agency. There were no ü Governance and the Future of Agriculture in the important factors to consider when designing a BDS. ü Easy access to BDS, especially extension services, smallholders before independence and smallholder Financial sustainability is important, especially when EAC - by Mr. Godber Tumushabe and Dr. Immaculate that are market-oriented and designed to realize tea farming started only after independence with about Maina. dealing with smallholder farmers who either cannot afford productivity as opposed to production; 20,000 smallholder farmers who were officially recorded the services or who do not understand its value. The ü Mainstreaming youth and women in agricultural as suppliers of green leaf, cultivating about 4,000 ha of The potential of the EAC’s vast endowment of natural provider’s accountability is created by developing the BDS tea, with a productivity of less than 2.5kg/ha. The land resources to transform the region’s agriculture sector in consultation with the beneficiaries. Involving the farmers value chains to accelerate progress as studies have under tea has since grown to more than 200,000 ha. is largely unrealized. in market decisions shifts their mindset to view farming shown that women and youth focus more on the market than on-farm production because the land as a business. There should be capacity building for both During the 2011/2012 financial year, Kenya’s tea sector When presenting their paper, usually belongs to men; and the BDS providers and users to ensure optimal benefits performed exceptionally well. Kenya’s smallholder farmers Sustainable Management of ü from such services. The Partner States should consider a Coordinated R&D that goes beyond on-farm accounted for about 60% of production, producing 1.1 Natural Resources in the pluralistic approach to BDS production to include markets and other socio- billion kg of green leaf and 258 million kg of made tea. EAC, Dr. Caleb Weggoro provision and not exclude economic aspects. The overall earnings in 2013 of the smallholder farmers and Mr. Timothy Wesonga the private sector. It is under KTDA topped Ksh69 billion, up from Ksh61 billion recommended that EAC Partner also important to tailor The farmer of the future will undertake farming as a business the previous year, with an average return to the farmer States should put in place the services to address using the latest knowledge of 75 %. mandatory environmental, niche concerns of the to produce for the market. social and economic impact The following are important aspects of the KTDA model Dr. Caleb Weggoro beneficiaries. Finally, the The authors recommended assessments and regular that should be incorporated when replicating it: case studies that have cutting the transaction costs auditing for all development projects involving the use worked should be adopted, of regional trade through ü Focus on re-investment with the stakeholders of natural resources. They also called for policies to adapted and scaled up Saeed Bancie collective procurement and saving a portion of their earnings and expanding safeguard the importance of the agriculture sector’s to get quick results. marketing. They also said production as well as value addition to meet the contribution to the economy in light of the emerging that government policies demand of world markets in terms of volume and oil and gas industries. The future is bright for farmers in the EAC region with should be informed by the quality. KTDA’s most recent investment was in a under utilized land and water resources. The region the coming two decades having been planned for needs of the market and micro-finance institution and the purchase of shares Mercy Kayanja has approximately 125 million ha of arable land, most of and a road map put in place in the national visions. not by the political elite. in Kenya Commercial Bank; which is under utilized. Tanzania uses 18%, Uganda 61% Presenting their paper ü Promote adoption of new technologies and train on and Rwanda 76% of their arable land. With increased There is a successful model in agriculture to emulate their use, especially those that reduce production on “Equipping EAC’s in East Africa but adapt, do not adopt. productivity, the under utilized land can be used to feed Farmers of the Future”, Dr. costs; the region as well as to produce for export markets. The Ephraim Nkonya and Ms. The smallholder tea ü Meet target market requirements and standards; and authors pointed at water as an important resource in Mercy Karanja highlighted sector has been sighted ü Acknowledge those who meet the expectations agriculture especially irrigation. The region is endowed the national visionary by other papers but of doing business. with large amounts of water including Lake Victoria frameworks whose in their paper, Mr. (the second largest lake in the world), Lake Tanganyika underlying objective Francis Muriuki and (the second deepest in the world), Lake Turkana and is to transform the Charles Kimathi provided large rivers such as the Nile, with its source in Uganda. Dr. Ephraim Nkonya TuRning EAC’s COMPARATivE ADvAnTAgE in national economies with more insights on its huMAn CAPiTAL AnD nATuRAL REsOuRCEs TO Recently, an estimated 250 billion cubic meters of water, agriculture playing a central role. These frameworks are structure and what A COMPETiTivE ADvAnTAgE in gLObAL MARKETs equivalent in volume to Lake Turkana, were discovered a clear indication that the national governments have can be adapted to in massive underground aquifers in Kenya’s semi-arid the right intentions for farmers. However, the authors other sectors. The Fair regulatory frameworks for natural resources, sound Turkana County. The water could supply the country for cautioned that these frameworks can only be transformed central characteristics of the tea sector in Kenya is a policies, stable politics and good governance are essential 70 years. The region is fairly well endowed with fresh into modern economies if they are implemented using network of out-growers who use central value addition for creating a successful agriculture sector. The papers water with a renewable rate averaging 187 km3/year. a consultative approach. factory. The second key element of the model is the commissioned for Cluster 3 assessed the progress made Uganda has the largest share of this with 39 km3/yr. provision of the smallholders to have a stake in the in these areas. The commissioned papers were: Other natural resources include forests covering more The agricultural sector should commercialize. To factories together with KTDA. It is based on a network than 300,000 sq km. realize the full benefits from agriculture, small and
18 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 19 “Avoid the Dutch disease”. The petroleum discovered EAC. Good governance includes rule of law, which for quality products. However, the playground is not it presents opportunities for smallholder farmers in rural in the EAC should be used innovatively to avoid the bad safeguards property and other rights and prevents state yet fully levelled with government controls and bans. areas to supply large and lucrative urban markets with experience in other African countries where revenue from manipulation of regulatory and legal frameworks; democratic food products. East Africa’s large youthful population has Exogenous factors influence the direction of policies. oil tended to divert attention away from agricultural and institutions to hold governments accountable to their the potential to inject new dynamism into agriculture, other productive sectors. For this reason, the authors citizens; and an active civil society that defends democracy The region has been exposed to political instability, civil harnessing technology and innovation to increase the strongly recommended that oil revenues should be used and the constitution and the sanctity of corruption-free strive and unpredictable weather patterns with Uganda, productivity and profitability of agriculture. A more to transform agriculture as is the case with Norway. government programs. Most governments in the EAC score Rwanda and Burundi being most affected by the former. health-conscious consumer, with higher purchasing power Anticipating an eventual decline in oil and gas production, between minus (-) 1.5 and 0.2 on a likert of -2 and 2 on This has led to governments trying to reverse some fo and greater choice, means that there is potential for Norway invests revenue from the petroleum sector in parameters of governance as per the World Bank including the steps made in opening up the policy formualtion food crops to be diversified away from cereals to foods a sovereign wealth fund, which is currently the world’s accountability, effectiveness, political stability, control of processes back to the government controlled initiatives. that satisfy the urban consumer’s growing demand for second largest. The fund is used to develop non petroleum corruption and maintaining rule of law (Figure 7). Other Such policies address issues of narrow scope and sometimes a varied and nutritious diet. sectors. challenges plaguing EAC personla matter. As a result, The authors concluded that, agriculture are policy policy had not delivered to East African as should have how shall we tell that agriculture has been transformed? Poor governance undermines agricultural development. neglect, frequent and been the case despite several efforts jointly or indvidually After the transformation agenda has been realized, the unpredictable policy by the Partner States. As a result, they concluded the productivity of smallholders will match that of commercial Introducing their paper, reversals, low rates of following: i) governments should tone down on their farmers. They will produce for established niche markets, Mr. Godber Tumushabe investment, and misguided control of the policy dialogue and processes and embrace and the quality of life in urban and rural areas will be and Dr. Immaculate Maina investment. The authors participatory approaches; ii) As a region, the EAC needs virtually the same. In his paper, Drivers of Agricultural pointed out that agriculture called for champions to invest time and resources Transformation, the author urged women and youth to has been the engine of of action to walk the to actualize integration in assume their rightful role in the transformation agenda. economic growth for talk and resolve the order to promote regional He said that agricultural technologies should catch up the EAC Partner States crisis surrounding the operations especially trade; with the information era to avoid ‘machete’ farming. He ever since independence. transition of political and iii) promote nation to recommended that East Africa invests in national and Godber Tumushabe The economies of the power. nation learning in areas where regional agricultural knowledge systems that engage Dr. Immaculate Maina sub-Saharan countries some countries are ahead farmers in education, research and advisory services. averaged 3.4% growth Policy development and implementation should be in some aspects of policy This would replace the so-called expert-driven linear annually between 1961 and 1980 while agriculture grew demand driven. making e.g. Rwanda that research-extension-farmer model. by about 3% a year over the same period. The region’s is implimenting a policy on leadership understood what needed to be done as was This was the call by Dr. Jean agricultural commodity zoning Dr. Afred Bizoza COORDinATE REsEARCh, invEsT in iRRigATiOn, illustrated when the Partner States became signatories Mbonigaba and Dr. Afred depending on suitability. iMPROvED inPuTs, vALuE ADD AnD DEvELOP to the Lagos and Maputo Declarations and the CAADP Bizoza in their paper role of A suPPORTivE EnAbLing EnviROnMEnT TO policy framework. However, most of these policies have policies, institution frame Commercialized smallholders and structured trade AChiEvE MiLLEniuM DEvELOPMEnT gOAL 1 not been implemented. The marginal progres s of many work and international beyond country borders will be the look of a transformed sub-Saharan countries in developing their agriculture development interventions agriculture sector. This was the message from the different specialist sectors is rooted in poor governance that has not in the EAC. seminars. The seven seminars were: Dr. Alex Awiti was optimistic in responded to the failures in the agriculture sector and ü Changing Perceptions, Image and Packaging the absence of transformative political leadership. This government driven his paper “drivers of agricultural Dr. Jean Mbonigaba of Traditional Food Staples by Africa Centre for policies did not yield the transformation” that the explains the prevalence of unmet commitments and Economic Transformation. expected results. Over the period 70s to early 80s, policy dream of a transformed unfulfilled promises. ü Benefits of Biofertilizers and Biopesticides by Kinyara adjustment were government driven and the result was agricultural sector in the Sugar Works. Lapses in governance have affected agriculture in a large, powerful, hierarchical and well-staffed ministries EAC is a reality but only if, ü Water for Food Security, Livelihood and a Resilient the EAC East Africa has experienced its fair share of of agriculture holding on to multiple functions (from today’s entrepreneurs take Environment in the EAC by the International Water lapses in governance and leadership as evidenced by the direct agricultural production and marketing to public advantage of the region’s Management Institute. 1994 genocide in Rwanda and Uganda’s armed rebellions investment and regulation), and having significant financial population, which is estimated ü The Role of Research in Catalyzing Agricultural especially in Northern part of the country that have lasted autonomy (though parastatals) and hence considerable Dr. Alex Awiti at 135 million and growing Transformation by ASARECA. several decades. Kenya was also tested when violence clout in national politics, through patronage and other at a rate of 2.5% a year. By ü East African Agro-industry and Agro-enterprise erupted after the 2007 general elections. During periods political relations. The private sector, strongly associated 2030 the population will be 237 million. The population Development by Kilimo Trust/FAO. of laps governance, there tends to be no accountability with colonial exploitation, was not trusted by nationalist is characterized by a decline in per capita land holding, ü Monitoring African Food and Agricultural Policies in the implementation of agricultural policies such as the leaders. Over time, this mode of operation was associated a youth bulge, rapid urbanization, a rise in rural-urban by FAO. delivery of inputs or public financing. Instead politicians with corruption and mis appropriation of public funds. migration and the increased participation of women in ü Opportunities and Current Challenges for use them to build political patronage. In the mid-1980s to mid 90s structural adjustment smallholder farming. High population density and declining Commercialization of Non-traditional Crops in policy reforms set in calling for market liberalisation per capita land-holding presents new opportunities Governance, which is related to a state’s ability and Uganda by MAAIF and World Bank - Uganda. and privatisation. This has left the forces of demand and for innovations in agricultural intensification models. willingness to enforce rules that are consistent and Discussions on orphaned crops as championed by ACET supply acting as an incentive to increased productivity Similarly, while urbanization is characterized by differential predictable, has not been a successful concept in the noted that traditional cereals have been losing their as farmers produce for the market which pays dividends migration, often attracting able-bodied men to the city,
20 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 21 share at the dinner table yet millet, as an example, that there is no duplication of effort or wasted resources. has more nutrients than other cereals. WFP purchases This coordination also includes consultative research High Level Executive Roundtable traditional staples for food-aid distribution due to their driven by consumer needs. affordable price as well as high nutrition value. The panel recommended that traditional crops, although most of The region is notably uncompetitive in the global marketplace them are of low market value, should be promoted on the because its products have not been processed. To reverse basis of their affordability, nutrition value and resistance this, processing to add value is inevitable. The discussants to climate change. noted that there has been insufficient attention paid to human capital, R&D and the development of regional Kinyara Sugar Works presented a case of the potential for value chains. ASARECA recommended that entrepreneurs, biofertilizers and biopesticides in agriculture that could including the jua kali sector, should have access to increase productivity while reducing the effects of synthetic universities and vocational training centres. Conversely, chemical residue on food. Panelists raised concerns that educational institutions should ensure their research biofertilizers and biopesticides can contribute significantly is disseminated to entrepreneurs. The private sector to organic agriculture but may not feed the region. The should invest in commodity exchanges and warehousing panel recommended that the two can only be useful with receipt systems to create strong links between farmers’ a target niche market in mind where the products will organizations, cooperatives, input suppliers and others. fetch premium prices. A feasibility study was proposed Agroprocessing will expand when finance institutions of the resources available to produce biofertilizers and offer credit for purchasing raw materials and seed money biopesticides locally. Austria was mentioned to be ahead for small and medium-sized business start-ups. in the manufacturing of biofertilizers and biopesticides and hence several lessons could be learned. Policy monitoring and analysis should be embedded in institutions such as bureaus of statistics, and also in food With the current effects of climate change, many countries security, finance and planning and agriculture ministries. are adopting irrigation to sustain productivity. Egypt has The EAC should adopt a common methodology to measure the highest total factor productivity in the world, ahead of policy impact on producer and consumer incentives. This China and India, thanks to its intensive irrigation practices. was the recommendation by the MAFAP project. Lastly, The message from the International Water Management MAAIF - Uganda recommended that the longstanding focus Institute was that EAC investment in water management on traditional cash crops such as coffee, tea, sugarcane, he High Level Executive Roundtable provided the and Natural Resources from Zanzibar; and should be substantially increased from its current level cotton and cocoa be shifted elsewhere. This seemed much needed opportunity to bring decision makers e) uganda: Ministers of Industries, Trade and Cooperatives, of 4% (compared to Asia’s 44% and Latin America’s 22%). to agree with the suggestion of ACET. There should be together from both the public and the private sector Agriculture and Livestock and Fisheries and East Tax incentives would encourage water conservation and a policy change that encourages the private sector to T including ministers and other government officials, national African community Affairs. the harvesting of surface and underground water for invest in different crops that would boost rural incomes and regional legislators together with industry CEOs, Delegates from the private sector included the following: irrigation. On the other hand, new technologies should through regional and domestic markets. This should be donors and implementing organizations to articulate a a) Kenya: CEO of Uchuni Super Markets; and MD be continuously generated. Currently, research is faced clearly laid out in Uganda’s Agricultural Investment Plan way forward for agricultural transformation in the EAC. with a disconnect of researchers and the users of research among other regional policy framework. Agribusiness from Equity Bank; findings which has resulted in duplicated efforts and It provided a platform for consolidating the discussions b) Rwanda: Chief Investment Adviser, Rwanda Private public money funding irrelevant technologies. It was that had taken place throughout the week. The event Sector Federation; noted that successful research needs to be coordinated so was officiated by Hon. Margaret Zziwa, the Speaker of c) Tanzania: CEO of SAGCOT; and CEO of Cashew Nut the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) and chaired Development Fund; and by Hon. Tress Bucyanayandi, the Minister for Agriculture, d) uganda: CEO of Victoria Seeds, CEO of Centenary Animal Industry and Fisheries – Uganda. Bank and CEO of Upland Rice Millers The other delegates from the public sector included the following: Delegates from regional and international organizations a) burundi: Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture included the following: and Chairperson of Parliamentary Committee on a) The EAC: Speaker EALA, and Deputy Secretary Agriculture; General of EAC; b) Kenya: Chairperson of Parliamentary Committee b) Development partners and banks: the AfDB; IFAD, on Agriculture; CTA, World Bank and FAO c) Rwanda: Permanent Secretary MINAGRI; c) Private sector: Crown Agent USA d) Tanzania: Principal Secretary Ministry of Agriculture
22 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 23 ThE TiME fOR COLLECTivE bARgAining is nOW Executive Summary and were submitted to the EAC Sectoral Council for Agriculture and Food Security, for High Level Executive Roundtable in a Snap Shot Opening the session, Hon. Margaret Zziwa noted that, consideration and forwarding of relevant recommendations the region needs to articulate its key issues collectively to the EAC Council of Ministers and the EAC Summit of and plan for its agricultural sector in a manner that takes Heads of State. full advantage of the available resource endowment. She further explained that the public sector could not Before, adopting the priority recommendations, the bring this to fruition on its own. Improved agricultural delegates noted the great progress made in building development required strategic partnerships with structures in the EAC but emphasized that the Partner the private sector. As an effort by EALA, the speaker States must intensify integration and collaborate to mentioned that the assembly has formulated the EAC address major challenges in the agriculture sector so Agriculture and Rural Development Policy as an initial as to fully utilize opportunities in national, global and step towards the implementation of the provisions of regional markets. Some challenges such as the youth the EAC Treaty. This policy reflects the commitment of unemployment should be turned into an opportunity the Partner States to foster economic cooperation for through smart interventions by both the public and private the benefit of their people, the majority of whom derive sector. Some challenges such as limited food security, their livelihood from agriculture. access to arable land, adaptation to climate change, and the conservation of water masses and ecosystems can Margaret Zziwa Jason Mochache Joseph Nduwimana ThE EnD shOuLD jusTify ThE MEAns only be tackled through regional collaboration such as Speker EALA AfDB Rep Uganda Ps Ministry of Agriculture Burundi the Lake Victoria Basin Commission. Was the call from Prof. Joseph Mukiibi, the Another debate revolved around the issue of regional Chairman of the Board instruments and harmonized standards and procedures need of Kilimo Trust, who tabled to be put into use as a matter of urgency. To achieve this, the summary of lessons efforts must be doubled to build awareness, understanding and recommendations from as well as skills for implementation for a critical mass of the Youth in Agriculture stakeholders all the way to the grassroots. Put simply, it is Workshop, the Technical not enough to approve and ratify protocols, regulations, Symposium and the instruments and standards for the region. Ratification must Prof. Joseph Mukiibi Specialist Seminars. Basing be followed through with careful and deliberate efforts on his presentation on to expand knowledge, change attitudes and improve the contrast between a progressive farmer of the future practices of all in the chain of implementation. This is and a stagnating farmer of yesteryears, Prof. Mukiibi barely happening at the moment, which explains the emphatically stated that the time was ripe to deliberate limited implementation of most of the good protocols, more on how to rapidly transform the region’s agriculture policies and strategies. Esther Muiruri sector and to agree on how to achieve the farmer of Geoffrey Kirenga Ernest Ruzindaza Out of the several lessons debated, the roundtable zeroed CEO SAGCOT GM Agribussiness, Equity Bank Kenya the future within the shortest time possible. With a PS, Ministry of Agriculture Rwanda on five which should be addressed as a priority. First is that strong emphasis on the lessons from the past 50 years; learning and scaling-out of successful best practices from he articulated the four areas of action that required one EAC country to others and/or from one sub-sector the attention of the roundtable. These were as follows: to others, has been and continues to very poor. Second, ü Enhancing Competitiveness in Production, Productivity that the EAC and/or its partner states are not short of and Market Access. good strategies and plans – the problem has been limited ü Turning Agricultural Knowledge into Business. implementation. Third, that there are frequent changes in strategies, programs and other policy instruments leading ü Turning EAC’s Comparative Advantage in Human to discouraging uncertainty for those investing and/or Capital and Natural Resources to a Competitive operating in the agriculture sector - consequently, there Advantage in Global Markets. has been lack of continuity in some good initiatives which ü Enhancing Agriculural Business and Employment would have transformed the agriculture sector. Fourth, Opportunities for the Youth. that agricultural development in the region is executed under too many development programs with limited coordination. Fifth, is that there has been inadequate The roundtable prioritized five recommendations to and often uncoordinated investment in agriculture and constitute the main recommendations of the symposium agribusiness by both the private and public sector. Amelia Kyambade Affan Maalim Jonathan Ciano and associated events. These five are described in the Minister of Trade and Industry Uganda Ps Ministry of Agriculture Zanzibar CEO UCHUMI SUPERMARKET
24 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 25 Comprehensive Lessons and Recommendations Towards Enhanced Competitiveness in Production, Productivity and Market Access Lessons Recommendations
Undertake programs designed to deliberately train modern general and Cross-cutting farmers of the future – to make farming a professional business Although institutions have been increased rather than a way of life. To achieve this: Lessons Recommendations in numbers, the depth of effectiveness Develop and/or strengthen institutional frameworks both Radically increase the quality of statistics and analysis which was there for the then traditional public and private for building economies of scale and scope. Most available statistics and analyses are not to drive efficient policy formulation, planning, cash crops at independence, have not been robust, continuous and/or comprehensive Expand capacity and skills (in entrepreneurship, business and implementation, monitoring and evaluation. To facilitate maintained and/or scaled-out to the staple enough to support quality planning, effective technical aspects) and professionalism of all actors along the regional integration in the agriculture sector – enhance food sub-sector. implementations, and evaluation. Therefore, value chain. regional collaboration in sector statistics and analysis more often than not, policies, strategies and and also harmonize the approaches and methodologies Retrain the existing agricultural experts, farmers and other program have not led to the anticipated results. used. actors along the value chain, to arm them with modern knowledge and skills. Investment in the development of infrastructure (e.g. power, ICT, rural roads, storage facilities and irrigation Improve the access and effective utilization of financing for Infrastructure has mainly been developed on the systems) – should be strategically linked to agriculture agriculture and agribusiness for farmers and other enterprises basis of political considerations. and agribusiness development in the region. Therefore, along the value chain. This will require: such investment should be driven by agricultural potential and agricultural development objectives. In the past 50 years, there has been • Coordinated regional-wide actions to reduce the risk inadequate and often uncoordinated associated with agricultural financing Development partners have had inordinate investment in agriculture and agribusiness EAC as a block and as individual Partner States should • Building the capacity of farming and agribusiness influence in the conceptualization, designing, by both the private and public sector. rebuild the local capacity in leading the thinking, enterprises to absorb medium to large scale investment funding as well as implementation of agricultural planning, implementation, M&E and accountability for and financing development initiatives in the region. This has policy and programs in agriculture, agribusiness and made the sector a collection of a plethora of • Building the capacity of financial institutions, especially rural development. interventions that are difficult to coordinate commercial banks. Make critical inputs and machinery easily available and There has been insufficient leadership, Agriculture (especially farming) has The EAC should build into all agreed protocols and cost effective through a regional coordinated program to commitment and public investment to develop remained backward due to low levels of regional programs, well-funded and implemented support the private sector to use the EACM to build thriving the agricultural sector – leading to many agreed input use as well as weak linkages between process of mobilizing, raising awareness and improving businesses for the local manufacturing of modern agricultural strategies and programs (especially at regional farmers, agribusinesses and markets. implementation capabilities for the necessary and technologies/inputs. level) not being implemented at all and/or being sufficient actors. implemented at a slow speed. So far the EACM is not serving accelerated Expand structured regional agricultural trade (from the current agricultural development due to limited 13% of production to over 50%) – so as to effectively utilize cross border trade especially for food Farmers have tended to grow food staples and EAC Partners States should be more serious about using the EACM as an instrument for making the agriculture sector staples traditional crops even where they are ill-suited, EA Common Market as an instrument of food security more effective in wealth creation and food security (as already as a result of ‘self-sufficiency approach’ to food through structured regional food trade that enable the agreed in the EAC Food Security Action Plan. security effective utilization of comparative advantages. Turning Agricultural Knowledge into business
Accelerate agricultural transformation in the EAC Lessons Recommendations The green revolution by passed Africa because towards commercialization (especially of farming). Accelerate the availability and utilization of cutting-edge of insufficient integration of the 5 Is (Incentives, The key will be “integration” that goes beyond the During the last 50 years, very limited progress technologies and management practices benchmarked on Inputs, Institutions, Infrastructure, and agricultural sector itself. has been made to upgrade the technologies international best practices to make agricultural enterprises Innovation). Consequently, there are high yield such that farming and primary processing con- This requires policies and strategies that place the more competitive. This will require the re-building of insti- gaps across all the commodities. tinue to use very rudimentary equipment and development of agricultural value chains at the centre of tutions and strong linkages between agribusiness and com- machinery that are not supportive of modern economic development. mercial farming on one hand, and R&D, training, extension commercial agriculture and agribusiness. services, on the other.
26 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 27 Up-grade the quality of agricultural training at all levels, by: Lessons Recommendations • Re-building the quality of training at all levels to match Demographic changes such as the youth majority and The EAC as a region has done very well in international standards. The momentous change in the demographics urbanizations - offer major reasons and opportunities for expanding agricultural training at all levels in • Supporting the development of practical and business over last 50 years as well as the projections for the transformation of the agricultural sector. Therefore, the the past 50 years. However, the depth of qual- skills. the future has been grossly under emphasized demographics of the region should be well understood and ity is lagging behind the realities and needs • Re-designing university level training to impart modern in agricultural development planning. integrated positively to policies, strategies and programs for of the 21st Century. Most of the training is general knowledge on the entire agricultural value chain the transformation of the sector. being implemented using outdated curricula – in the first three years of all bachelor’s degrees – so as There have been examples of successful with limited facilities especially for practical produce trainers, agricultural entrepreneurs, extension agricultural transformations over the last 50 Learn, understand and adapt successful models of and business training. This is not in synchrony providers, policy analysts, managers, and researchers of years (e.g. Brazil, India, and selected African transformation from comparable developing countries. with the desire to have a commercialized the future. and Asian countries). agriculture sector in the EAC that is responsive • Re-training the existing agricultural experts, farmers and Enhance the understanding of sector stakeholders in: to, and competitive in, the local, regional and other actors along the value chain, to arm them with global markets. modern knowledge and skills. Women have played a fundamental role in ü Incentives to enhance the role of youth and women in • Train modern farmers of the future – to make farming a the past in agriculture and the youth will agriculture. professional business rather than a way of life. play a significant role in the future. However, ü Optimal use of available land and other natural both are given very limited attention in resources. De-risking agriculture financing smart subsidies (subsidized development interventions. Limited financing in agriculture due to its credits), guarantees, developing appropriate insurance ü Strike the right balance of supporting women, men and perceived risky nature policy products, building human capacity of financial youth in all agricultural development programs. institutions with respect to agricultural financing. Enhance sector institutional capacity to implement by Weak institutional implementation capacity, developing specialist skills, improving performance lack of institutional coherence and limited measurement and reporting, and learn from successful Disconnect between research, extension and Invest in building strong linkages between the scientific and independence in execution of mandates. institutions in the region and beyond e.g. KTDA experience of the farmers. applied research, extension, commercial agribusinesses and farmers. During the last 50 years there very limited Use the proceeds from the oil and gas sector in investment attention has been paid to strategic utilization for the development of economic sectors such as of natural resources including the newly agriculture, rather than consumptive expenditure that discovered Oil & Gas – for the development of Turning EAC’s Comparative Advantage in human Capital and natural Resources to a Competitive distort the economy. Advantage in global Markets agriculture. Enhancing business & Employment for the youth in Agriculture Lessons Recommendations Lessons Recommendations Weak institutional structures, governance Enhance the capacity of communities to fully understand systems and a lack of strong leadership Large percentage of youth use social media their rights so as to demand accountable leadership and Mainstream ICT, and social and mass media to create the have contributed to delayed agricultural which has not been tapped to attract them more effective governance systems at all levels “coolness” required to “pull” the youth into agriculture. transformation in the EAC into agriculture and agribusiness. Political and policy intent for agricultural transformation Establish a “Kilimo Youth Forum of East Africa” to champion regional issues for youth in Agriculture and also showcase should be consistent, based on evidence and stakeholder Lack of agricultural forum for the youth to more success stories on a more regular basis. Priority action consultations. This will demand that we: discuss issues of common interest. area is to establish Youth Agriculture Clubs examples are A history of political and social conflicts as • Achieve timely ratification followed by own funding of the 4K (Kenya) and 4H (USA) well as policy inconsistencies, have led to poor the implementation of regional protocols, treaties and continuity in most of the initiatives which CAADP Compacts. Inadequate services that attract youth to the More rural directed developments that would make the would have revolutionized the agricultural rural where agriculture is practiced. agro-based rural setting more attractive to the youth • Increase capacity, skills and efficiency in evidence-based sector. Minimal involvement of youth in decision mak- Increase the involvement of youth in the running of affairs policy formulation and approval. ing. targeting them with respect to the agriculture sector. • Enhance monitoring and evaluation of food and agricultural policies in the EAC.
28 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 29 Exhibition
Led by Kilimo Trust and ASARECA, over 20 private, public and development organisations staged results based exhibition showcasing milestones covered towards achieving agricultural transformation in the EAC. Exhibition was part of the symposium for BrazAfric Enterprises the private sector to showcase their work Ltd. has a presence in transforming agriculture. The following in six East African organizations exhibited. countries – Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Kilimo Trust is an Tanzania, Ethiopia and Mozambique – and supports the independent organization development and stability of agriculture by supplying that promotes regional farm and processing equipment. solutions to local agricultural problems across the East African Community. It brings a commercial mindset and market understanding to agricultural Crown Agents is an development to reduce poverty and reduce hunger. international development company that partners with government, aid organizations and companies in over 100 countries. It ASARECA brings together has had a presence in the East African region since the scientists from the national 1960s with offices in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and, agricultural research institutions more recently, in South Sudan. The Crown Agents’ of the 11 member countries consultancy, supply-chain management and financial (Burundi, the Democratic services help countries to grow economies, strengthen Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, health systems and improve financial management Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda), national through support to governance and public-expenditure agricultural extension service providers and other partners management. to generate, share and promote knowledge and innovations to solve the common challenges facing agriculture in the member countries.
30 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 31 Davis & Shirtliff Ltd. is East Africa’s leading supplier of water and energy equipment such JICA (the Japan International Cooperation as water pumps, water treatment products Agency) supports self-reinforcing cycles of and solar products. Its leading pump for mid- to long-term economic growth and small-scale farmers is the manually operated money-maker irrigation poverty reduction. pump. The company was founded in Kenya in 1946 and has regional subsidiaries in Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia, Ethiopia, South The Kenya National Farmers Federation (KENAFF) Sudan, Somalia, Burundi and DRC. is the umbrella organization representing farmers in Kenyan agriculture and is a platform for articulating issues affecting farmers through The East African Seed Company Ltd. has been providing lobbying and advocacy. quality agricultural inputs for innovative farming solutions for over 40 years in Kenya and 20 years in Uganda and Tanzania. The company showcased its drought-tolerant, high-yielding hybrid maize KH500-43A The African Forum for Agricultural Advisory and its hybrid watermelon Sukari F1, which has been Services (AFAAS) was established in 2004 gaining preference in the market for its sweetness to support and coordinate the development and high yields. of agricultural extension and advisory services within the CAADP framework. It promotes lesson learning and adds value to initiatives in agricultural advisory services by sharing Engsol is Uganda’s leading distributor of information and facilitating professional interaction. agricultural equipment and stocks and supplies Massey Ferguson tractors; Agromaster, Tatu and Falcon implements; Sealey hand tools; and post-harvest equipment. The company manufactures agricultural trailers, water Kinyara Sugar Ltd. is Uganda’s second largest bowsers, implements and other steel products. sugar producer and is located in Masindi District. It has the first commercial, eco-safe biofertilizer and biopesticide production unit Farm Engineering Industries Ltd. hires out in East Africa. agricultural and earth-moving equipment and manufactures agricultural equipment and trailers. It also undertakes land opening and bush clearing contracts. The company has the The Rural Finance Knowledge franchise for JCB, Bell, Class, Pauny, Sonalika, Management Partnership (KMP) Hyundai, Godrej, Baldan, Benford, Jacto and Flacon. is a knowledge management network that provides implementation support to IFAD-funded projects IFAD’s projects in Eastern and Southern Africa in East and Southern Africa. Its support smallholders’ secure and sustainable partners are Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), Regional access to land and water. It assists in restoring Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM), ecosystems to bolster the resilience of agricultural and the African Rural and Agricultural Credit Association (AFRACA). livelihoods through techniques that conserve water and prevent soil damage. PELUM Uganda is a network of civil society organizations that improves the livelihoods of IFADAfrica is a regional knowledge-exchange small-scale farmers and the sustainability of platform for rural development and poverty rural communities through ecological land use reduction in East and Southern Africa. The management. PELUM also undertakes research network was initiated by IFAD to achieve and demonstration projects and does advocacy development effectiveness. on behalf of small-scale farmers. It is part of a 10-country association of civil society organizations in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa.
32 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 33 List of Delegates Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) is a network of 23 universities in Eastern and Southern Africa that instigates economic and social transformation by sponsoring agriculture students through postgraduate programs and by upgrading the university faculties where they are taught. Netherlands Development Organization (SNV has a presence in 38 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It supports people in pursuing a healthy, productive and fulfilling life while sustainably using the natural resources they depend on. It focuses on income and employment generation and improving access to basic services such as water, sanitation and renewable energy. SNV has been in Uganda for 24 years and works in 98 districts in agriculture, renewable energy and water, sanitation and hygiene.
Cashew Board of Tanzania is a Tanzania company with a cashew-processing plant in Dar es Salaam. Technical symposium and youth in Agriculture sn name gender Country Position institution Email Chief of Monitoring 1 Alphonse Nimbona M Burundi and Evaluation Burundi Tea Office [email protected] Services chantalntima@hotmail. 2 Chantal Ntima f Burundi Youth Entreprenuer The Uganda Industrial Research Institute is com state-owned and undertakes applied research 4 Desiree’ Hakizimana M Burundi Youth Entreprenuer [email protected] and technology sourcing as vehicles for the Director Finance and [email protected]/ 5 Evariste Nahayo M Burundi Burundi Tea Office incubation of industry. It also pioneers self- Administration [email protected] financing (R&D). 6 Jean Baptist Niyongabo M Burundi Youth Entreprenuer [email protected] Advisor, Ministry to the Office of the Ministry of East Africa [email protected]/ 7 Jean Claude Niyongendako M Burundi President in charge of Affairs [email protected] EAC Affairs Department of Agricultural Former Dean, Faculty jean.ndimubandi@ 8 Jean Ndimubandi M Burundi Economics, University of of Agriculture asareca.org Burundi Director- Commercial Banque Nationale pour ndikumanamj@yahoo. 9 Marie Jeanne Ndikumana f Burundi & Stratégic Research le Développement com/ [email protected] Department Economique (BNDE) 10 Stanislas Hakizimana M Burundi Hastafarm Limited [email protected] 11 Suzanne Biha f Burundi Owner Private Agribusiness [email protected] Ministry of Agriculture and 12 Zenon Nsananikiye M Burundi Advisor of Cabinet [email protected] Livestock Senior Researcher and International Water 13 Simon Langan Johnathon M Ethiopia Head of Office for East [email protected] Management Institute Africa and Nile Basin 14 Juergen Koch M Germany Project Manager GIZ [email protected]
34 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 35 Researcher and Policy African Center for Ministry of Agriculture, 15 Julius Gatune M Ghana [email protected] Assistant Director of Advisor Economic Transformation 43 Jane. M. Kibwage f Kenya Livestock and Fisheries- [email protected] Fisheries African Center for okutando@acetforafrica. Kenya 16 Ouborv Kutando M Ghana Research Officer Economic Transformation org 44 Jedida. A. N. Ouma M Kenya Jewlet Enterprises Kenya [email protected] International Water Member Board of 17 Timothy .O. Williams M Ghana Director, Africa [email protected] 45 John Mutunga M Kenya Kilimo Trust [email protected] Management Institute Trustees United Phosphorus mukund.pandey@ Ministry of Agriculture, 20 Mukund Pandey M India Area Manager Africa Senior Assistant Limited uniphos.com 46 John. K. Mumu M Kenya Livestock and Fisheries- [email protected] Director of Agriculture 21 Bernadette Mukonyora f Italy Program Officer IFAD- Rome [email protected] Kenya Embassy of Japan in 47 M Deputy Director Ministry of Agriculture, 22 Eri Yamasumi M Japan Agriculture Attache’ [email protected] Joseph Egessa Onyango Kenya [email protected] Uganda Livestock Production Livestock and Fisheries Coordinator Regional Society for International International Livestock 23 Ali Hersi M Kenya Director [email protected] Strategic Analaysis Development 48 Joseph Karugia M Kenya Research Institute/ [email protected] and Knowledge ReSAKSS Ministry of Agriculture, Management 24 Alice. A. Kiarie f Kenya Chief Economist Livestock and Fisheries- [email protected] 49 f Kenya Julia Kimiti Kenya Youth Entreprenuer [email protected] Director -Livestock Ministry of Agriculture, 25 Ann Kilele f Kenya Farmer [email protected] 50 Julius Kiptarus M Kenya [email protected] Production Livestock and Fisheries Head of Agribusiness Ministry of Agriculture, annastaciakiio@yahoo. 26 Annastacia Kiio f Kenya 51 M Unit Livestock and Fisheries com Khalif. A. Abbey Kenya National Coordinator Kenya Camel Association [email protected] 52 f Participatory Ecological Kimberly Hickcock Smith Kenya Regional Director Africa LEAD [email protected] 27 Anne Majani f Kenya Program Officer Land Use Management [email protected] Export Markets lincoln.kariuki@kickstart. (PELUM)- Kenya 53 Lincoln Kariuki M Kenya Development Kick Start International org 28 Anne Tei Mukunya f Kenya Managing Director Azuri Health Limited [email protected] Representative Head-Youth in lydia.kimani@gmail. 54 f Agribusiness for African Agriculture and Project Lydia Kimani Kenya Executive Director com/:afaminternational@ Mininstry of Agriculture, Markets 29 Benson Nyariaro M Kenya Coordinator Youth in [email protected] gmail.com Livestock & Fisheries Modern Agriculture mafitzgerald@iconnect. 55 Mary Anne Fitzgerald f Kenya Professional Writer I- Connect Kenya Project(Y-MAP) co.ke Kenyan Ambassador to Kenya High Commission to kenhicom.kampala@ 56 Mary Wangui Murimi f Kenya Youth Entreprenuer Private Agribusiness [email protected] 30 Boniface. K. Muhia M Kenya Uganda Uganda gmail.com Program Officer- Kenya National Federation Climate Change/ 31 Charles Kalomba M Kenya Secretary General [email protected] of Juakali Associations Coordinator-Kenya 57 f Kenya National Farmers Association of Kenya Feed charlesm.mwendia@ Mercy Nyambura Mburu Kenya Horticulture [email protected] 32 Charles Mwendia M Kenya Chairman Federation Manufacturers gmail.com Competitiveness Project-Irish Potato cmutisya@ Project Christopher Munyao kilelefoundationkenya. 33 M Kenya Program Coordinator Kilele Foundation Mutisya com/chris.mutisya@gmail. Chairman, Committee on Basic Education, com 58 Nzungi Ngwele Mukungi M Kenya Kitui County Assembly [email protected] Vocational Training and Participatory Ecological Skills Development 34 Diana Njihia f Kenya Program Officer Land Use Management [email protected] East African Community (PELUM)- Kenya 59 Patrick Irungu M Kenya Agricultural Economist [email protected] Secretatriat Market Researcher and Agriculture Value International Centre for Department of Diplomacy 35 Eliud Birachi M Kenya [email protected] and International Chain Development Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) 60 Patrick Maluki M Kenya Lecturer [email protected] Specialist StudiesUniversity of Nairobi Knowledge 36 Elizabeth Mwakelemu f Kenya IFAD-Africa/PICOTEAM [email protected] Kenya Livestock Producers [email protected]/ Management Officer 61 Patrick Njai Njema M Kenya CEO Association [email protected] Member Board of estherkahangi@yahoo. 37 Esther Kahangi f Kenya Kilimo Trust Pest Control Products Trustees com 62 Paul N. Ngaruiya M Kenya Managing Director [email protected] Board 38 Evans Kosgei Toritich M Kenya Youth University of Nairobi [email protected] International Livestock Director Evaluation 39 Francis Nthuki M Kenya Frelis Windows [email protected] 63 Paul Guthiga M Kenya Policy Analyst Research Institute/ [email protected] and Learning ReSAKSS Regional Business and haggai.muga@kickstart. Professor of Plant 40 Haggai Muga Ouma M Kenya Kickstart International 64 Paul Kimani M Kenya University of Nairobi [email protected] Marketing Manager org Breeding National Plant Breeding European Cooperative International Project Senior Research Research Centre- Kenya immaculate.n.maie@ 65 Paul Muthangya M Kenya for Rural Development [email protected] 41 Immaculate Maina f Kenya Coordinator Officer Agricultural Research gmail.com (EUCORD) Institute Regional Manager - Pest Control Products iAGRI/MSU, Sokoine 66 Peter M. Kimwelle M Kenya [email protected] 42 Isaac Joseph Minde M Tanzania Deputy Director [email protected] Coast Regional Office Board University of Agriculture Kenya National Federation 67 Peter Mwangi Gitika M Kenya Program Officer [email protected] of Agricultural Producers
36 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 37 Greentech Contractors green.gt.technology@ 96 Jean Jacques Mbonigaba M Rwanda Director General Rwanda Agricultural Board [email protected] 68 Peter Thuo Njuguna M Kenya Managing Director and Consultants gmail.com 97 Sayed Kadm M Rwanda FEK [email protected] Head of African Kenya School of Monetary Director General of rutagwenda2006@yahoo. 69 Phares Ochola M Kenya Capacity Building [email protected] 98 Theogere Rutagwenda M Rwanda Ministry of Agriculture Studies Livestock com Foundation Acting Chief Rwanda Development Head of Trade and Kenya Plant Health 99 Tony Roberto Nsaganira M Rwanda [email protected] 70 Philip Njoroge M Kenya [email protected] Operations Officer Board Standards Inspectorate Services Member Board of kaberavianney@yahoo. 71 f 100 Vianney Kabera M Rwanda Kilimo Trust Priscilla Karimi Kinoti Kenya Head of Africa Division Christian Aid Kenya [email protected] Trustees com Knowledge Knowledge Management 72 Risper Gekanana M Kenya [email protected] Senior Researcher- International Water Management Assistant Partnership (KMP) 101 Karen Villholth f South Africa Ground water Management Institute- [email protected] Regional Director- East management Pretoria 73 Saeed.A. Bancie M Kenya Heifer International [email protected] Africa 102 Abdalla Abdalla Nassor M Tanzania Managing Director Onestop Agrovet suppliers [email protected] Member County County Court of Kwale, 74 Safina Kwekwe Tsungu f Kenya [email protected] 103 Adinani Bakari Mbwana M Tanzania Chairman of the Board Tanzania Cashewnut Board Executive Committee Kenya Manager, Agriculture Cashewnut Board of 104 Anderson Tweve M Tanzania [email protected] Participatory Ecological Planning Tanzania 75 Sarah Olembo f Kenya Senior Policy Officer Land Use Management [email protected] (PELUM)- Kenya 105 Asha Aboud f Tanzania Gender Activist Zanzibar Gender Coalition [email protected] Deputy Secretary Professor of Land East African Community Management shellemiahkeya@yahoo. 106 Charles Njoroge M Tanzania General- Political 76 Shellemiah Okoth Keya M Kenya University of Nairobi Secretatriat and Agricultural com Federation Technologies Agricultural Program East African Community 107 David Wafula M Tanzania [email protected] Kenya National Federation Specialist Secretatriat 77 Silvia Ntinjani Mbungu f Kenya [email protected] of Agricultural Producers Project Development East Africa Community 108 Elsam Turyahabwe M Tanzania [email protected] International Livestock Officer Secretariat Monitoring and 78 Stella Massawe f Kenya Research Institute/ [email protected] Productive Sectors- East African Community Evaluation Specialist 109 Everlyn Imunde f Tanzania [email protected] ReSAKSS Energy Department Secretatriat Regional Centre for Senior Research 79 Vincent Mtaroni M Kenya GIS Officer Mapping and Resources [email protected] Officer- Economics, Tanzania Commission for 110 Festo Maro M Tanzania [email protected] for Development STI-Indicator and Science and Technology Kenya National Federation Technology Transfer 80 Violet V.Nyando f Kenya [email protected] of Agricultural Producers Media Centre 111 Florian Mutabazi M Tanzania East African Secretariat [email protected] Kenya Agricultural [email protected]/ Coordinator 81 Wellington Mulinge M Kenya Research Scientist Research Organization [email protected] Chairman- Temeke Tanzania Chamber of 112 Francis Lukwaro M Tanzania [email protected] 82 Winfred Mugwimi f Kenya MSC Student University of Nairobi [email protected] District Commerce Technical Centre for Program Development Tanzania Private Sector Senior Program 113 Gabriel Landa M Tanzania [email protected] 83 Ajayi Oluyede M Netherlands Agricultural and Rural [email protected] Specialist Foundation Coordinator Cooperation (CTA) geoffmrema@yahoo. Member Board of Ministry of Agriculture, 114 Geoffrey Mrema M Tanzania Kilimo Trust co.uk/geoffmrema@gmail. Director General Trustees Forestry, Tourism, Animal com Republic of of Extension 84 Augustino Atillio Nange M Resources, Fisheries, [email protected] South Sudan and Pastoralist Rural Micro, Small and Cooperative and Rural Manager Financial Medium Enterprise Development 115 Haika Shayo f Tanzania [email protected] Development Services Support programme Country Program (MUVI) 85 Hamed Haidara M Burundi IFAD-Burundi [email protected] Manager Bajuta Agrovet 116 John Bayo M Tanzania [email protected] Agricultural Development Manufacturers 86 Jean Balie M Rome Economist [email protected] Economics Division-FAO Assistant Director of Ministry of Livestock and kajitanusosewe@yahoo. 117 Kajitanusi Osewe M Tanzania Country Program Aquaculture Fisheries Development com 87 Aimable Ntukanyagwe f Rwanda IFAD- Rwanda [email protected] Officer Professor, Department Sokoine University of [email protected]/ 118 Kallunde Sibuga f Tanzania of Crop Science and 88 Alfred Bizoza M Rwanda Lecturer University of Rwanda [email protected] Agriculture [email protected] Production Development Bank of 89 Benjamin Manzi M Rwanda Director of Investment [email protected] Rwanda 119 Kitururu Mwambo M Tanzania [email protected] 90 Charles Bucagu M Rwanda Senior Lecturer University of Rwanda [email protected] Marketing Infrastructure, Agricultural Marketing Value Addition and National Cooperative 120 Leonard Muhoni M Tanzania [email protected] 91 Dick. J. Sinzamuhara M Rwanda Manager [email protected] Specialist Rural Finance Support Confederation of Rwanda Programme (MIVARF) 92 M Rwanda Development Cashewnut Board of Eugene Rwibasira Rwanda Executive Director [email protected] 121 Mfaume M. Juma M Tanzania Director General [email protected] Organization Tanzania 93 M Rwanda Grains & Cereals Principal Agricultural East Africa Community Fredrick Iraguha Rwanda CEO [email protected] 122 Moses Marwa M Tanzania [email protected] Corporation Economist Secretatriat 94 M Agribusiness Chamber of Country Program Gerard Barunyanduza Rwanda [email protected] 123 Mwatima Juma f Tanzania IFAD Tanzania [email protected] Rwanda Officer 95 Honor Mukamwiza f Rwanda Managing Director Local Cheese International [email protected]
38 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 39 Food Processing Volunteer Efforts for 124 Neema Mrema f Tanzania Abt Associates [email protected] Specialist 151 Charles M. Olweny M Uganda Advocacy Officer Development Concerns [email protected] Acting Director (VEDCO). 125 Nicomed Bohay M Tanzania CRDB Bank PLS [email protected] Corporate Banking Association for Cashewnut Board of 152 M Strengthening Agricultural 126 Ramadhani Mmary M Tanzania CEO [email protected] Charles. F. Mugoya Uganda Executive Secretary [email protected]; Tanzania Research in Eastern and Central Africa Ministry of Livestock and 127 Raymond Nsiande f Tanzania Economist [email protected] Farm Inputs Care Seeds Fisheries Development 153 Chris Kaijuka M Uganda Managing Director [email protected] Limited/AfroKai limited Senior Research University of Dar es 128 Richard .Y. Kalangwe M Tanzania [email protected] Fellow/Senior Lecturer salaam Assistant Director- 154 Christine Alokit f Uganda Agricultural Production Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Rice Breeder/Senior Agricultural Research sophykashenge@yahoo. 129 Sophia Kasenge f Tanzania Systems Research Officer Institute- Tanzania com Former Executive National Agricultural Cashewnut Board of 155 Christopher Bukenya M Uganda [email protected] 130 Suleiman Lenga M Tanzania Executive Secretary [email protected] Director Advisory Services Tanzania International Centre for Senior Livestock & East Africa Community Beans Breeder and Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)- 131 Timothy Wesonga M Tanzania [email protected] 156 Clare Mukankusi Mugisha f Uganda [email protected] Fisheries Officer Secretariat Scientist Pan African Bean Research Ministry of East Africa vivianrutaihwa@gmail. Association (PABRA) 132 Vivian A. Rutaihwa f Tanzania Trade Officer Affairs com Association for Project Coordinator Strengthening Agricultural [email protected]/ East Africa Community williamolahomukani@ 157 Clet Wandui Masiga M Uganda Scientist 133 William Olaho Mukani M Tanzania - EAC Regional Research in Eastern and [email protected] Secretariat gmail.com Veterinary Governance Central Africa Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Value Chain USAID FtF CPM Chemonics Coordinator- Cassava 134 Harriet Nabirye f Uganda [email protected] 158 Daisy Eresu f Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] Manager Uganda Value Chain Fisheries National Agricultural 135 Ambrose Agona M Uganda Post Harvest Specialist [email protected] Research Organization Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and 136 f Aminah Nanziri Uganda Intern Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] 159 David Balikowa M Uganda Director of Research Development Institute- [email protected] Knowledge National Agricultural Management and Research Organization 137 Ann Turinayo f Uganda IFAD Kampala [email protected] Communications davidhaf2000@yahoo. Senior Research National Agricultural Consultant 160 David Hafashimana M Uganda com/director@buzardi. Officer Research Organization Program Officer- Value go.ug 138 Anthony Mugambi M Amugambi@kilimotrust. Uganda Chain Institutions and Kilimo Trust East Africa Beans Value Chain USAID FtF CPM Chemonics Makona org 161 David Wozemba M Uganda [email protected] Support Services Manager Uganda Association for denise.lapoutre@veco- Strengthening Agricultural a.muhimbura@asareca. 162 Denise Lapoutre f Uganda VECO-East Africa 139 Apophia Muhimbura f Uganda eastafrica.org Research in Eastern and org Leader of Finance and Dtirwakunda@kilimotrust. Central Africa 163 Deus Tirwakunda M Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa Administration org Upland Rice Millers 140 Ayub Aasingataaba M Uganda Consultant [email protected] Limited Program Officer- Post Harvest, Value Ministry of Agriculture, 164 Donald Noel Liya M Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Senior Agricultural Addition and Market 141 Beatrice Namaloba f Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] Officer Access Fisheries 165 Eddy Frank Rugamba M Uganda Technical Assistant Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Commissioner - Crop Ministry of Agriculture, byarubeatrice@yahoo. 142 Beatrice. B. Byarugaba f Uganda Production and Animal Industries and Orinawe Media (U) com 166 Edmond Kizito M Uganda Moderator [email protected] Marketing Fisheries Limited Coalition of Pastoralist [email protected]/ 167 Edward Sekandi M Uganda Vice President Government of Uganda 143 Benjamin Mutambukah M Uganda Coordinator Civil Society Organizations [email protected] Communications 168 Ellis Ralph Akorabirungi M Uganda Bank of Uganda [email protected] Principal Human Mininstry of East African Officer 144 Benon Twebanze M Uganda [email protected] Resources Officer Community - Uganda Department of Agricultural Great Lakes Agriculture 169 Elly. N. Sabiti M Uganda Professor Production; Makerere [email protected] 145 Bent Ronsen M Uganda Director General [email protected] Development Limited University Former Director National Agricultural 146 Birabwa Wilbrod f Uganda Program Coordinator SEATINI [email protected] 170 Emily Twinomatsiko (RIP) f Uganda [email protected] General Research Organization Assistant Director - Deputy Country 147 Birungi Korutaro M Uganda Markets and Policy Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] 171 Emmanuel Kayaayo M Uganda Sasakawa Global 2000 [email protected] Analysis Director Brittania Allied Industries [email protected]/ Ministry of Agriculture, 148 Brian Sengendo M Uganda Agronomist Limited [email protected] 172 Emmanuel Kimbowa M Uganda Senior Economist Animal Industries and [email protected] Fisheries 149 Bridget Mugambe f Uganda Program Officer SEANTINI [email protected] Ministry of Agriculture, 150 f muhooziemma@gmail. Charity Busingye Uganda Agriculture Specialist FINCA Uganda [email protected] 173 Emmanuel Muhoozi M Uganda Agricultural Economist Animal Industries and com Fisheries
40 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 41 Emmanuel Tumusiime SNV Netherland 174 M Uganda Governor Bank of Uganda 200 Jeanette de Regt f Uganda Country Director [email protected] Mutebile Development Organization Ministry of Agriculture, Administrative JTibagonzeka@kilimotrust. Senior Agriculture 201 Jennipher Tibagonzeka f Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa 175 Ephrance Tumuboine f Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] Assistant org Inspector Fisheries MDG Support johnson.nkuuhe@gmail. National Agricultural mulumbaevarist@gmail. 202 Johnson Nkuuhe M Uganda Advisor and National I-Network 176 Evarist Mulumba M Uganda District Coordinator com Advisory Servies com Coordinator Association for Association for Strengthening Agricultural Strengthening Agricultural 177 Fina Opio f Uganda Executive Director [email protected] 203 Jolly Basemera f Uganda Program Assistant [email protected] Research in Eastern and Research in Eastern and Central Africa Central Africa Assistant Director- Program Officer- Post Harvest, Value 204 Jones Kapeleka M Uganda Qualitative and Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] 178 Fiona Lukwago f Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Addition and Market Quantitative Statistics Access Director - Analysis and 205 Joseph Nzomoi M Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Association for Planning Deputy Executive Strengthening Agricultural 179 Francis Wachira M Uganda [email protected] Association for Director Research in Eastern and Head of Partnerships Strengthening Agricultural 206 Joseph Methu M Uganda [email protected] Central Africa and Capacity Building Research in Eastern and Member Board of Central Africa 180 Fred Lule M Uganda Kilimo Trust [email protected] Trustees Senior Program 181 Fred Opolot M Uganda Moderator Ministry of Internal Affairs [email protected] 207 Joseph Mudiope M Uganda Officer- Agricultural Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Adventist Development kiberugeorgew@gmail. Production Systems 182 Geoge William Kiberu M Uganda Youth Entreprenuer and Relief Agency com Chairman Board of joseph.mukiibi@gmail. 208 Joseph Mukiibi M Uganda Kilimo Trust George William Otim Africa Innovations Trustees com 183 M Uganda Chairman and CEO [email protected] Nape Institute, Kampala National Union of Coffee 209 M joseph.nkandu@nucafe. Dudley Kasibante & dkp@dudleykasibante. Joseph Nkandu Uganda CEO Agribusinesses and Farm 184 George.W. Kasibante M Uganda Managing Director org Partners Limited co.ug Enterprises/EAFF Advocates Coalition 210 M Senior Agricultural g.tumushabe@acode-u. Joseph Oryokot Uganda World Bank [email protected] 185 Godber Tumushabe M Uganda Executive Director for Development and Specialist org Environment (ACODE) Youth Empowerment in joseph.taremwa@gmail. 211 Joseph Taremwa M Uganda Executive Director ENGSOL Engineering Enterprise Development com 186 Godfrey Lagu M Uganda Sales Executive [email protected] Solutions (U) Ltd 212 Joshua .M. Kizito M Uganda Supervisor Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Uganda Manufacturers’ Ministry of Local 187 Godfrey Ssali M Uganda Policy Officer [email protected] 213 Judith Ruko f Uganda Sociologist [email protected] Association Government/DLSP Project 188 Habte Dagmawi Selassie M Uganda Consultant IFAD [email protected] Corporate Relationship jrwamba@ 214 Judy Rwamba f Uganda Kenya Commercial Bank Youth and Gender USAID - Chemonics Manager ug.kcbbankgroup.com 189 Harriet Laker f Uganda [email protected] Specialist Uganda 215 Juliet Asiimwe f Uganda Administrative Officer Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Program Officer Participatory Ecological hmwololo@kilimotrust. 190 Henry Muli Mwololo M Uganda Knowledge Kilimo Trust East Africa 216 Julius Musimenta M Uganda Deputy Director Land Use Managment/ [email protected] org Management AFIRD ENGSOL Engineering Ex- Officio/Executive 191 Ian Walker M Uganda Managing Director [email protected] 217 Julius Zake M Uganda UNAS-Uganda [email protected] Solutions (U) Ltd Secretary Ministry of Agriculture, rwabukambaflavia@ Senior Agricultural 218 Komugisha Flavia f Uganda Youth Entreprenuer Flako Limited 192 Imelda Kanzomba f Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] yahoo.com Officer Fisheries Assistant Manger Uganda Manufacturers’ 219 Lamech Wesonga M Uganda [email protected] Irene.Murungi@abitrust. Policy Association 193 Irene Murungi f Uganda Gender Officer aBi TRUST com 220 Lawrence Sekaluvu M Uganda Youth Entreprenuer Makerere University [email protected] Association for 221 Leslie Reed f Uganda Director USAID Mission Uganda [email protected] Head of Information Strengthening Agricultural 194 Jackline Nyagahima f Uganda [email protected] East Africa Grain Council and Communication Research in Eastern and 222 Lillian Bazaale f Uganda Country Manager [email protected] Central Africa -Uganda Adventist Development jamesbisheko@hotmail. Program Officer - 195 James Bisheko Byaruhanga M Uganda Program Officer and Relief Agency com 223 Lillian Githinji Mugure f Uganda Business Development Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Services 196 James Kajubi M Uganda Photojournalist lydia.babinaga@ Head of Biological National Agricultural jamesogwang@hotmail. 224 Lydia Babinaga f Uganda Managing Director Crown Agents Uganda 197 James A. Ogwang M Uganda crownagents-ug.com Control Program Research Organization com 225 Mark Meassick M Uganda Deputy Director USAID Mission Uganda [email protected] 198 Jane Nalunga f Uganda Executive Director SEATINI [email protected] Agriculture and 226 Martin Fowler M Uganda USAID - Uganda [email protected] Association for Livelihoods Advisor Strengthening Agricultural 199 Jean Ndikumana M Uganda Program Manager [email protected] MARTIN@ Research in Eastern and 227 Martin Maugustini M Uganda Senior Partner AGROTECH Consult Central Africa AGROTECHCONSULT.COM
42 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 43 Program Officer - Program Officer- Value 228 Mary Mera f Uganda Market Analysis and Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] 254 Rachel Ajambo f Uganda Chain Institutions and Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Business Development Support Services International Centre for 255 M Administrative Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)- Ramathan Yateri Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] 229 Mathew Abang M Uganda ECABREN Coordinator [email protected] Assistant Pan African Bean Research richardsessonko@gmail. Association (PABRA) 256 Richard Elijah Ssonko M Uganda Youth Entreprenuer Makerere University com Deputy Executive Uganda National Council 230 Maxwell Otim Onapa M Uganda [email protected] Participatory Ecological Secretary Science and Technology 257 Richard Mugisha M Uganda Advocacy Officer Land Use Management [email protected] Associate Director, Mkairumba@kilimotrust. 231 Michael Kairumba M Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa -Uganda Programs org 258 Rita Neumbe f Uganda Office Assitant Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] DIMAT Project kazoobamichael@yahoo. 232 Michael Kazooba M Uganda Enterprise Uganda National Agricultural Manager com 259 Robert Anguzu M Uganda Public Relations Officer [email protected] Research Organization Assistant FAOR mohamed.ahmed@fao. 233 Mohamed Ahmed M Uganda FAO - Uganda National Agricultural Program org 260 Robert Kajobe M Uganda Chief Agriculturalist [email protected] Research Organization Adventist Development chandyamoses@yahoo. 234 Moses Chandia M Uganda Youth Program Officer - and Relief Agency com 261 Rogart Mmole M Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] Financial Services Ministry of Agriculture, moseskasigwa@yahoo. Senior Program 235 Moses Kasigwa M Uganda Senior Economist Animal Industries and com Officer- Database Rmunywoki@kilimotrust. Fisheries 262 Rogers Munywoki M Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa and Knowledge org Prinipal Agricultural Ministry of East Africa 236 Moses Mafabi M Uganda [email protected] Management Officer Affairs- Uganda 263 f Ministry of East Africa [email protected]/ Coffee Value Chain USAID FtF CPM Chemonics Ronah Serwadda Uganda Commissioner 237 Nathan Uringi M Uganda [email protected] Affairs [email protected] Manager Uganda 264 Ruth Akiwi f Uganda Youth Entreprenuer [email protected] Association for Head of Human Assistant Manager- Kinyara Sugar Works Strengthening Agricultural 265 Samuel Gerenge M Uganda [email protected] 238 Nelson Mukuriah M Uganda Resource and [email protected]; Agronomy Research Limited Research in Eastern and Administration Central Africa Commissioner - Ministry of Agriculture, 266 Samuel Semanda M Uganda Agricultural Planning Animal Industries and [email protected] Department of Extension Project Leader - Non [email protected]. Unit Fisheries 239 Nicholas Kiggundu M Uganda and Innovation Studies, ATAAS Project ac.ug Makerere University Ministry of Agriculture, Senior Agricultural 267 Sarah Kagoya f Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] Department of Agriculture Officer Fisheries Professor and Head of and Biosystems 240 Noble Banadda M Uganda [email protected] Department Engineering, Makerere SNV Netherland 268 Sarah Lubanga Mubiru f Uganda Program Assistant [email protected] University Development Organization nuhu.hatibu@kilimotrust. Former Minister of 241 Nuhu Hatibu M Uganda CEO Kilimo Trust East Africa org State for Finance, semakula.kiwanuka@ 269 Semakula Kiwanuka M Uganda Government of Uganda Planning and Economic gmail.com Ministry of Agriculture, Director of Crop Development 242 Okaasai Opolot M Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] Resources Fisheries African Forum for msnahdy@affaas-africa. 270 Silim Nandy M Uganda Executive Director Agricultural Advisory Adventist Development org 243 Pascal Loongo M Uganda Youth [email protected] Services and Relief Agency simonkaggwa@yahoo. Adventist Development 271 Simon Kagwa Njala M Uganda Moderator 244 Patrick Lotyang Ogwang M Uganda Youth [email protected] co.uk and Relief Agency Adventist Development pmuganga@kilimotrust. 272 Simon Okello M Uganda Youth Entreprenuer [email protected] 245 Patrick Muganga f Uganda Technical Assistant Kilimo Trust East Africa and Relief Agency org Ministry of Agriculture, pnakabale@parliament. Senior Agricultural 246 Patrick Nakabale M Uganda Parliament of Uganda 273 Simon Peter Abong M Uganda Animal Industries and [email protected] go.ug Officer Fisheries Professor of Crop 247 Patrick Rubaihayo M Uganda Makerere University [email protected] 274 Stephen McCarthy M Uganda Chief of Party USAID- Chemonics Uganda [email protected] Science Principal Planning National Agricultural paul.mbuthia@veco- 275 Stephen Ojangole M Uganda [email protected] 248 Paul Mbuthia M Uganda Regional Coordinator VECO-East Africa Officer Research Organization eastafrica.org 276 Steven Nsubuga M Uganda Driver Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] 249 Paul Nyakairu M Uganda World Bank [email protected] National Agricultural Upland Rice Millers- 277 Swidiq Mugerwa M Uganda Researcher [email protected] 250 Philip Idro M Uganda Founder and Director [email protected] Research Organization Uganda District Livelihood 251 Pontian Muhwezi M Uganda Program Officer IFAD- Uganda [email protected] Monitoring and 278 Sylvia Keera f Uganda Program - Ministry of [email protected] Evaluation Specialist Assistant Director- Local Government Value Chain 252 Prisca Githuka f Uganda Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] National Agricultural Institutions and 279 Theresa Sengooba f Uganda Member Research Organization [email protected] Support Services Council 253 Rachael Katana f Uganda Accounts Assistant Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected]
44 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 45 Ministry of Agriculture, Participatory Ecological ahono_olemboh@gmail. 280 Tress Bucyanayandi M Uganda Cabinet Minister Animal Industries and [email protected] 16 Sarah olembo f Kenya CEO Land Use Management com Fisheries (PELUM) Ministry of Agriculture, 17 Stephen McCathy M Kenya Chief of Party USAID- Chemonics Uganda [email protected] 281 Viviene Nakakinda f Uganda Civil Engineer Animal Industries and [email protected] Technical Centre for Fisheries Senior Program 18 Ajayi Oluyede M Netherlands Agricultural and Rural [email protected] Country Project Heifer Project william.matovu@heifer. Coordinator 282 William Matovu M Uganda Cooperation (CTA) Manager- Uganda International org Ministry of Agriculture & ruzindzaeverst@gmail. Member Board of william.kalema@bdo-ea. 19 Ernest Ruzindaza M Rwanda Permanent Secretary 283 William S. Kalema M Uganda Kilimo Trust Animal Resources com Trustees com Chief Investment Rwanda Private Sector Ministry of East Africa 20 Livingstone Byamungu M Rwanda [email protected] Prinipal Environment [email protected]/ Advisor Federation 284 William Tayebwa M Uganda Community Affairs - Officer [email protected] Ag. Chief Operating Rwanda Development Uganda 21 Tony Nsanganira M Rwanda [email protected] Officer Board 285 William Zimwe M Uganda Technical Assistant Kilimo Trust East Africa [email protected] New Partnership for Afrian Member Board of flcockcroft@blueyonder. 286 Laurence Cockcroft M UK Kilimo Trust 22 Unami Mpofu f South Africa Senior Program Officer Development (NEPAD) [email protected] Trustees co.uk Agency International Food 23 Anna J.H. Temu f Tanzania Managing Director Power Foods Inustries Ltd [email protected] 287 Betty Bugusu f USA Managing Director Technology Centre, Purdue [email protected] Deputy Secretary East Africa Community University 24 Charles Njoroge M Tanzania [email protected] General Secretariat Senior Advisor, welliott@crownagents. 288 Elliot William Spencer M USA Crown Agents USA Agricultural Program East Africa Community Business Development com 25 David Wafula M Tanzania [email protected] Specialist Secretariat International Food Policy 289 Ephraim Nkonya M USA Senior research Fellow [email protected] Productive Sectors- East Africa Community Research Institute 26 Everlyn Imunde f Tanzania [email protected] Energy Department Secretariat Business Development MChilangwa@ 290 Mutale Chilangwa M USA Crown Agents USA Media Center East Africa Community Trade Advisor crownagents.com 27 Florian Mutabazi M Tanzania [email protected] Coordinator Secretariat Professor and Head of Food Science Department, 291 Suzanne Neilsen f USA [email protected] Chairman- Temeke Tanzania Chamber of Department Purdue University 28 Francis Lukwaro M Tanzania [email protected] District Commerce Ministry of Agriculture Southern Agricultural 292 Makame Mbarak M Zanzibar Chief Planning Officer and Natural Resources- [email protected] geoffreykirenga@gmail. 29 Geoffrey Kirenga M Tanzania Chief Executive Officer Growth Corridor of Zanzibar com Tanzania high Level Executive Roundtable Tanzania Private Sector 30 Godfrey Simbeye M Tanzania Executive Director [email protected] Institut des sciences Foundation 1 Cyprian Banynereka M Burundi Agronomiques du Burundi [email protected] Acting Director National Land Use (ISABU) 31 Jayson Mwombeki Kami M Tanzania [email protected] General Planning Commission Chaiperson Agric Burundi National Cashewnut Board of 2 D. Ntangamajeri M Burundi Committee- Burundi [email protected] 32 Mafaume Juma M Tanzania Chairman [email protected] Assembly Tanzania National Parliament Principal Agricultural East Africa Community Chair- Agriculture East Africa Legislative 33 Moses Marwa M Tanzania [email protected] 3 Isabela Ndahayo f Burundi [email protected]. Economist Secretariat Committee Assembly Acting Director Ministry of Agriculture and 34 Nicomed Bohay M Tanzania CRDB Bank PLS [email protected] 4 Joseph Nduwimana M Burundi Permanent Secretary [email protected] Corporate Banking Livestock -Burundi Gender & Community East Africa Community African Centre for 35 Perpetue Miganda f Tanzania [email protected] 5 Julius Gatune M Ghana Policy Advisor [email protected] Development Officer Sectariat Economic Transformation Cashew Nut Industry 6 Charles Ngugi M Kenya Government of Kenya [email protected] 36 Suleiman Lenga M Tanzania CEO [email protected] Development Trust Fund esther.muiruri@ 7 Esther Muiruri M Kenya General Manager Equity Bank Senior Livestock & East Africa Community equitybank.co.ke 37 Timothy Wesonga M Tanzania [email protected] Fisheries Officer Secretariat Senior Assistant Ministry of East Africa 8 Irene Musebe Nambuya f Kenya [email protected] Office of Speaker East Director Affairs 38 Winfred Kaliba f Tanzania Personal Assistant [email protected] Africa Legislative Assembly Kenya Plant Health 9 James Nsando M Kenya Director [email protected] joseeds@victoriaseeds. Inspectorate Service 37 Josephine Okot f Uganda CEO Victoria Seeds Limited com Kenya National Federation 10 John Mutunga M Kenya Chief Executive Officer [email protected] Ministry of Trade, Industry amekyambadde@gmail. of Agricultural Producers 38 Amelia Kyambadde f Uganda Cabinet Minister and Cooperatives com Uchumi Supermarkets 12 Jonathan Ciano M Kenya Group CEO [email protected] El Shaday General Trading Limited 39 Daniel Seare M Uganda Director - Finance [email protected] Company Limited Deputy Director Ministry of Agriculture, 13 Joseph Egessa Onyango M Kenya [email protected] Kenya Commercial Bank [email protected]. Livestock Production Livestock and Fisheries 40 Edgar Byamah M Uganda Head Treasury Uganda com Director Livestock Mininstry of Agriculture 14 Julius Kiptarus M Kenya [email protected] fabian.kasi@ Production Livestock & Fisheries 41 Fabian Kasi M Uganda CEO Centenary Bank Uganda centenarybank.co.ug Ministry of Environment, Assistant Minister for abanagaya2013@gmail. 15 Noor Mohamed Adan M Kenya Water & Natural water affairs com Resources
46 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future 47 Association for InIn a a Snap Snap Shot Shot Strengthening Agricultural Map Map of of Events Events 42 Fina Opio f Uganda Executive Director [email protected] Research in Eastern and Central Africa EEAA CC H H Technical officer- GIZ/FSD Program-Bank of e e 43 Irene Sekamwa f Uganda [email protected] a a Agricultural Finance Uganda d d ActionAction Briefs Briefs submitted submitted to to s s
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45 M S Jason Mochache Uganda Officer in-charge [email protected] summitsummit meeting meeting of of EAC EAC Heads Heads S
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e ofof State State in in subsequent subsequent sitting sitting e National Union of Coffee joseph.nkandu@nucafe. 46 Joseph Nkandu M Uganda Executive Director Agribusinesses and Farm org Enterprise/EAFF Commissioner for Ministry of Trade, Industry 47 Joshua Mutambi M Uganda [email protected] Trade and Cooperatives ActionAction briefs briefs sub- sub- 48 Julius Omoding M Uganda Chief Executive Officer FINCA [email protected] mittedmitted for for buy buy in in Member Board of CCoouu 49 M ncnc Kironde Lule Uganda Kilimo Trust [email protected] il il Trustees o o f f
Department of Agriculture ActionAction Points Points Ratified Ratified by by M M
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50 Noble Banadda M Uganda [email protected] ConcilConcil of of Ministers Ministers of of the the s
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Upland Rice Millers e 51 Philip Idro M Uganda Founder and CEO [email protected] Limited AcAc- - rammanohar.jat@ 52 Rammanohar Jat M Uganda Marketing Manager Export Trading Group tiontion etgworld.com pointspoints submit- submit- River’s Edge Fish Farms 53 Rashid Asiimwe M Uganda CEO [email protected] Limited tedted to to the the council council of of Assistant Ministry of Water and ministersministers through through the the EAC EAC 54 Richard Cong M Uganda [email protected] Commissioner Environment sectoralsectoral council council for for ratification ratification Ministry of East Africa [email protected]/ CCEEOO 55 f s so o Ronah Serwadda Uganda Commissioner f f Community Affairs [email protected] P P r r i i
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56 M t e Silim Nandy Uganda Executive Director Agricultrual Advisory [email protected] e
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0404 November, November, 2013 2013 YOUTHYOUTH in in AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE (YiA) (YiA) WORKSHOP WORKSHOP
48 TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC: lessons from the past 50 years and prospects for the future KilimoKilimo Trust Trust (KT) (KT) is is a a regional,Kilimo regional, Trust independent (KT)independent is a regional, not not independent for for profit profit not organizationorganization for profit organization workingworking on on agriculture agricultureworking for for development development on agriculture acrossfor across development the the East East across Africa Africa the Community EastCommunity Africa Community workingworking on on agriculture agricultureworking for for development developmenton agriculture foracross across development the the East East across Africa Africa the Community EastCommunity Africa Community (EAC)(EAC) Region Region and and the the (EAC)Republic Republic Region of ofand South South the RepublicSudan. Sudan. ofIts ItsSouth mission mission Sudan. is is Itsto to mission catalyze catalyze is to the catalyzethe the (EAC)(EAC) Region Region and and the the (EAC)Republic Republic Region of ofand South South the Republic Sudan. Sudan. of Its ItsSouth mission mission Sudan. is is Itsto to mission catalyze catalyze is to the catalyzethe the TRANSFORMINGTRANSFORMINGTRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE growthgrowth and and competitiveness competitivenessgrowth and of competitiveness of strategic strategic agriculturalagricultural of strategic sectors sectorsagricultural forfor thesectorsthe benefit benefitfor the of benefitof of TRANSFORMINGTRANSFORMINGTRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE aa large large number number of of people peoplea large in in number East East Africa. Africa.of people It It providesin provides East Africa. leadership leadership It provides and leadershipand hands-on hands-on and hands-on aa large large number number of of people peoplea large in innumber East East Africa. Africa.of people It It providesin provides East Africa. leadership leadership It provides and leadershipand hands-on hands-on and hands-on implementationimplementation ofof programsimplementationprograms andand projectsofprojects programs onon and behalfbehalf projects of,of, oronor in behalfin partnershippartnership of, or in partnership with,with, with, governments,governments, international internationalgovernments, andand regionalinternational regional organizations,organizations, and regional organizations, andand thethe private private and the sector. sector.private sector. ININ THE THEINININ INEAC EAC THE THE THETHE EAC EAC EACEAC KT’s KT’s core core business business is is to to KT’s increase increase core business structured structured is to increase regional regional structured trade trade inregional in food food tradecommodities commodities in food commodities and and and theirtheir products. products. This This is is driven theirdriven products. by by the the Thisrealization realization is driven by that thatthe realization usingusing comparative comparative that using comparative advantagesadvantages advantages to to to effectivelyeffectively respond respond totoeffectively market market opportunities respondopportunities to market for for opportunitiesincome income generationgeneration for income is isgeneration a amore more issustainable sustainable a more sustainable routeroute to to food food and and nutrition nutritionroute tosecurity, security, food and becausenutritionbecause ofsecurity,of its its positive positivebecause influence ofinfluence its positive on influenceon investment investment on investment in in modernmodern in modern LessonsLessonsLessonsLessonsLessonsLessons from from the the from from from frompast past the 50the the50the years past pastyears pastpast and 50 50and 5050 yearsprospectsyears yearsprospectsyears andand andand prospectsprospects prospectsprospects andand better better technologies technologiesand and and better practicespractices technologies forfor foodandfood practicesproduction. production. for food production. TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN THE EAC for the futureforfor thethe futurefuture TRANSFO TRANSFO TRANSFO for the futureforfor thethe futurefuture KT’sKT’sKT’sKT’s delivers delivers delivers delivers two two two two streams streams streams streamsKT’s KT’sof ofdeliversof services ofdelivers servicesservices services two two and streamsand streamsand products: products: products: of of services services and and products: products: a)a) a) a) KnowledgeKnowledge Products Productsa) a) for forKnowledge Development Development Products of of for Strategies, Strategies, Development Programs Programs of Strategies, and and Programs Capacities: Capacities: and TheCapacities:The TheThe generalgeneral generalgeneral TheThe generalgeneral thrustthrust is is to to undertake undertake comprehensive comprehensivethrust is to undertake diagnostics diagnostics comprehensive and and diagnosticsanalysis analysis to to and developdevelop analysis a toaregional regionaldevelop a regional knowledge-baseknowledge-base on on strategic strategicknowledge-base food food commodities commodities on strategic food and and commodities identify identify priority priorityand identify areas areas priority of of focusfocus areas in inof focus in developingdevelopingdevelopingdeveloping regional regional regional regional markets. markets.markets. markets.developingdeveloping Work WorkWork Work regional regional has has has already markets.already markets.already been Work been Work been hascompleted hascompleted completed already already been been with withwith with completed completed respect respect respect respect with with toto toto scopingrespectscoping respect scopingscoping toto scopingscoping NG A RMI NG ofof 39 39 key key commodities; commodities; ofand 39and key detaileddetailed commodities; sector sector andanalysis analysis detailed for for sector RiceRice analysisand and Beans. forBeans. Rice Preliminary andPreliminary Beans. Preliminary A RMI NG A RMI NG marketmarket diagnostics diagnostics havehavemarket also also diagnostics beenbeen completed completed have also for forbeen ninenine completed (9) (9) otherother for commodities. ninecommodities. (9) other commodities. TheThe The knowledgeknowledgeknowledgeknowledge base base base base is is isbeing isbeing being beingknowledge used knowledge usedused used to toto designtobase designdesign base design is isbeing regional beingregional regional used used tostrategies strategiesto designstrategies design regional regional and andand and programs. strategies programs. programs.strategies programs. and and For For Forprograms.For programs. example,example, example,example, For For example,example, KTKTKT supportedKT supported supported supported the the the the development development development developmentKTKT supported supported of ofof theof thethe the Commondevelopment Common development Common Strategy Strategy ofStrategy of the the Common Commonfor forfor for Food FoodFood Food Strategy Strategy Security, Security,Security, Security, for for Food Food and and and and Security, Security, and and thethe approval approval of of the the EAC EAC Foodthe Food approval Security Security of the Action Action EAC Food Plan. Plan. Security KT KT is Actionis nownow Plan.workingworking KT is nowwithwith workingFAO FAO to to with FAO to GR ICULTU supportsupportsupportsupport the the the the development development development developmentsupport supportof ofof theof thethe the the theEast EastdevelopmentEast Eastdevelopment Africa Africa Africa Agro-industries Agro-industriesof Agro-industries of the the East East Africa Africa andAgro-industries andAgro-industriesand and Agri-enterprises Agri-enterprisesAgri-enterprises Agri-enterprises and and Agri-enterprises Agri-enterprises GR ICULTU GR ICULTU DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment Program Program Program Program (E3ADP). Development (E3ADP).(E3ADP). Development(E3ADP). Program Program (E3ADP). (E3ADP). b)b) b) b) Implementation Implementation and andb) b) Management ImplementationManagement ofof andSector Sector Management DevelopmentDevelopment of Sector Programs: Programs:Development Results ResultsResults Results Programs: Results Results ofof the the work work on on sector sector analysis analysisof the work are are onbeing being sector used usedanalysis to to design are design being a ausedportfolio portfolio to design of ofa RegionalportfolioRegional of Regional AgriculturalAgriculturalAgriculturalAgricultural Markets Markets Markets Markets Development DevelopmentDevelopment AgriculturalDevelopmentAgricultural Markets ProgrammesMarkets Programmes Programmes Development Development for for for the Programmesthe Programmesthe EAC EACEAC EAC + + + South + SouthSouthfor Southfor the the Sudan. Sudan.EAC Sudan.EACSudan. + + South South Sudan. Sudan. StartingStarting withwith Beans,Beans, RiceRiceStarting and and Cassava,withCassava, Beans, KT KT Riceis is implemeting andimplemeting Cassava, KT is the implemetingthe followingfollowing the following programs:programs:programs:programs: programs:programs: RE IN THE E AC RE IN THE E AC RE IN THE E AC SymposiumSymposiumSymposiumSymposiumSymposiumSymposium Highlights Highlights Highlights Highlights HighlightsHighlights Report Report ReportReport ReportReport • •• • DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment of of of Inclusiveof InclusiveInclusive• Inclusive• DevelopmentDevelopment Markets MarketsMarkets Markets ofin inof InclusiveAgriculturein InclusiveAgriculture Agriculture Markets Markets and and andin in TradeAgriculture TradeTradeAgriculture Trade (DIMAT) (DIMAT)(DIMAT) (DIMAT) and and Trade Trade for for for for (DIMAT)(DIMAT) for for beans,beans,beans,beans, cassava cassava cassava cassava and andand and rice ricerice ricebeans, produced beans, producedproduced produced cassava cassava by byand byandsmallholders smallholders ricesmallholders rice produced produced in byin by inUganda. smallholders Uganda. Uganda.smallholders Uganda. in in Uganda. Uganda. • •• Beans• BeansBeansBeans Enterprises Enterprises Enterprises Enterprises and andand •and Structured• Beans StructuredStructuredBeans Structured Enterprises Enterprises Trade Trade Trade and and in inStructured the inStructured the the EAC EAC EAC Trade(BEST-EAC) (BEST-EAC)Trade(BEST-EAC) (BEST-EAC) in in the the EAC EACto toto to(BEST-EAC)develop (BEST-EAC)develop develop develop to to develop develop INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONALINTERNATIONALINTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SYMPOSIUM SYMPOSIUM SYMPOSIUMSYMPOSIUM SYMPOSIUM AND AND EXHIBITION EXHIBITION AND AND AND AND ON EXHIBITION ONEXHIBITION EXHIBITION AGRICULTURALEXHIBITION AGRICULTURAL ON ON ON ON AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL consumerconsumerconsumerconsumer driven driven driven driven markets marketsmarkets marketsconsumerconsumer and andand and structured drivenstructured drivenstructured markets markets regional regional regionaland and structured structured trade tradetrade trade of regionalof ofregional ofbeans beansbeans beans trade trade and and and and of of beans beans and and bean-food-bean-food-bean-food-bean-food- products productsproducts products in inbean-food-in theinbean-food- thethe the EAC. EAC. EAC. products products in in the the EAC. EAC. DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT • •• • RegionalRegionalRegionalRegional East EastEast East African •AfricanAfrican • African RegionalCommunity CommunityRegional Community East East African TradeAfrican Trade Trade Community inCommunity in inStaples StaplesStaples Staples Trade Trade(REACTS) (REACTS)(REACTS) (REACTS) in in Staples Staples with with with with (REACTS) (REACTS) with with anan aim aim to to increase increase competitiveness competitivenessan aim to increase competitiveness of of commercialcommercial ofenterprises enterprisescommercial ofenterprises of of 44thth to to 8 th84 thNovember44th November4thth toth toto to 8 8th8 th8 thNovember th November2013,November November2013, Kampala- Kampala- 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, Uganda Uganda Kampala- Kampala- Kampala- Kampala- Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda smallholderssmallholderssmallholderssmallholders working workingworking workingsmallholders ofsmallholders of theof the the st ststapleaple staple apleworking working foods foods foods of of thesub-sector sub-sectorthesub-sector sub-sector st stapleaple foods foods in inin insub-sectorthe the sub-sectorthe the EAC EAC EAC EAC in in the the EAC EAC whilewhile enhancing enhancing quality qualitywhile and enhancingand affordability affordability quality and of of affordabilityfood food products,products, of food products, especiallyespeciallyespeciallyespecially for for for the the the low lowespecially lowespecially income income income for forconsumers. consumers.the theconsumers. low low income income The TheThe Theconsumers. consumers. program programprogram program The The program program willwillwillwill work workwork work with with with the the the privatewill privatewill private work work sectorwith sector with sector the the (small, (small,private(small, private(small, sectormedium mediumsectormedium medium (small, (small, medium medium andandand large) large) large) to to totest, test, test,and validateand validate validatelarge) large) to and to and andtest, andtest, mainstream mainstreammainstreamvalidate mainstreamvalidate and and mainstream mainstream modelsmodelsmodels for for for moving moving movingmodelsmodels beyond beyondbeyond beyond for for moving moving enhancing enhancingenhancing enhancing beyond beyond enhancing enhancing productivityproductivity to to focusproductivity focus moremore to onfocuson more on competitivenesscompetitivenesscompetitiveness of of thethe smallholdersmallholder of the smallholder producersproducersproducers in inin inthe thethe theproducersproducers market marketmarket market in place. inplace. place. the place.the market market place. place.
Tel:Tel:Tel:Tel: +++256256+256256Tel: Tel:312 312 312 264 264 +264+256256 980/1/2 980/1/2980/1/2 980/1/2312 312 264 264 980/1/2 980/1/2 EEEmail:maiEmail:mail:l: adm adm [email protected]@kilimotrust.orgEin@in@Email:maikill:kil imo adm [email protected]@rustruskilt.orgt.orgimotrust.org regional solutionsregionalregional to local solutions solutions problems to to local local problems problems Web:Web:Web:Web: www.kilimwww.kilimwww.kilimotrust.orgwww.kilimotrust.orgWeb:Web: otruwww.kilimotruwww.kilimotrust.orgst.orgst.orgotrust.org regional solutionsregionalregional to local solutions solutions problems to to local local problems problems