DOCSLIB.ORG

Communication and Information Technology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Communication and Information Technology 4030 Esplanade Way Tallahassee, FL 32399-0950 Tel: 850-487-9971 | Fax: 850-922-5162 Rick Scott, Governor Craig J. Nichols, Agency Secretary MEMORANDUM TO: Florida Law Enforcement Communications Plan Recipients FROM: Ed Peters, Director, Division of Telecommunications DATE: March 25, 2014 SUBJECT: Florida Law Enforcement Communications Plan, 2014 Edition The Florida Law Enforcement Communications Plan has been revised and is now available online. This revision includes updates and new text. On each revised page, a vertical bar (“|”) in the left margin identifies lines of text which have been modified since the previous issue of that page. The changes include the following: • General clean-up of text and references • Modified SLERS Partners section (Section 2.6.2) • Removed appendix on Public Safety Radios for Aircraft Utilization • Updated Glossary of Communications Terms If you have any comments or questions regarding these revisions, please call Mr. Carlton Wells at (850) 922-7426 or via email at [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Legislative Background ............................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Plan Revision Procedure ............................................................................................................. 3 2.0 ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION .................................................................................... 4 2.1 Division of Telecommunications ................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Federal Communications Commission ...................................................................................... 5 2.3 Florida - Region 9 Plan For 800 MHz Public Safety Radio Communications ..................... 7 2.4 Florida – Region 9 Plan for 700 MHz Public Safety Radio Communications ...................... 7 2.5 Florida’s 700 MHz Public Safety Interoperability Channel Plan .......................................... 7 2.6 Statewide Law Enforcement Radio System Partners .............................................................. 8 2.7 State Agencies and Law Enforcement Policies ......................................................................... 8 2.8 Federal Aviation Administration ............................................................................................... 8 2.9 National Incident Management System, SAFECOM, Interoperability Continuum, Statewide Communications Interoperability Plan, National Interoperability Field Operations Guide, and Florida Incident Field Operations Guide ................................................ 9 2.10 Communications Approvals ................................................................................................... 10 2.11 State Commodity Radio Contract .......................................................................................... 12 3.0 CONCEPTS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT COMMUNICATIONS .................................... 13 3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Public Access ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Primary Dispatch Communications ......................................................................................... 13 3.4 Tactical Communications .......................................................................................................... 13 3.5 Police Alert Paging ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.6 Interagency/Mutual-Aid Communications ............................................................................. 14 3.7 Back-up Communications ......................................................................................................... 14 3.8 Telephone and other Interconnection ...................................................................................... 15 3.9 Communications Reliability...................................................................................................... 15 3.10 Interference between Systems................................................................................................. 16 4.0 FREQUENCY PLAN ................................................................................................................ 18 4.1 Police Radio Frequencies .......................................................................................................... 18 TABLE 4-1- STATEWIDE VHF-HB LAW ENFORCEMENT FREQUENCY PAIRS ........ 18 4.2 Interagency/Mutual-Aid Channels .......................................................................................... 18 TABLE 4-2- WIDE-AREA AND STATEWIDE INTERAGENCY/MUTUAL-AID FREQUENCIES.......................................................................................................................... 19 5.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 22 5.1 General (Public Safety Option A and Option B Radio Standards) ..................................... 22 5.2 Communications Coverage Reliability for Mobiles and Portables ............................................. 23 5.3 Point-to-Point Communications Reliability for Radio Frequency Control Stations ......... 23 5.4 Primary Dispatch Communications ......................................................................................... 23 5.5 Mutual-Aid Communications ................................................................................................... 24 6.0 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 27 6.1 Minimum Performance Standards .......................................................................................... 27 6.2 Analog Standards for Base/Repeater Stations ....................................................................... 28 [LE Plan - 2014] Page i 6.3 Analog Standards for Mobile (vehicular) Radios .................................................................. 29 6.4 Analog Standards for Portable (Hand-held) Radios ............................................................. 31 6.5 Digital Standards for Base/Repeater Stations (P25, Phase I Compliant) ............................ 32 6.6 Digital Standards for Single-Band Mobile (Vehicular) Radios (P25, Phase I Compliant) 33 6.7 Digital Standards for Multi-Band Mobile (Vehicular) Radios (P25, Phase I Compliant) 35 6.8 Digital Standards for Single-Band Portable (Hand-held) Radios (P25, Phase I Compliant) ......................................................................................................................................... 36 6.9 Digital Standards for Multi-Band Portable (Hand-held) Radios (Project 25, Phase I Compliant) ......................................................................................................................................... 37 6.10 Digital Standards for Radio Frequency Control Stations (P25, Phase I Compliant) ...... 39 6.11 Digital Standards for Vehicular Repeaters (P25, Phase I Compliant) .............................. 40 7.0 MOBILE DATA COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................ 42 7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 42 7.2 SAFECOM STATEMENT OF REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 42 7.3 Mobile Data Communication Coverage Reliability ............................................................... 43 7.4 Mobile Data Security ................................................................................................................. 43 7.5 Mobile Data Computer Minimum Recommended Specifications........................................ 43 7.6 Wireless LAN Technologies, Standards, and LTE ............................................................... 43 APPENDIX A: STATE AGENCIES AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT POLICIES .... 45 1.0 PUBLIC SAFETY MUTUAL AID CHANNEL (MA-FLA) ................................................ 45 2.0 MINIMIZING RISK OF OBSOLESCENCE FOR RADIO EQUIPMENT...................... 48 3.0 RADIO EQUIPMENT REPLACEMENT POLICY ............................................................ 51 4.0 RADIO FREQUENCY BUY OUT POLICY ......................................................................... 52 5.0 CAPITOL BUILDING ROOFTOP ANTENNA POLICY .................................................. 52 6.0 NEW AND EXISTING STATE-OWNED FACILITIES ROOFTOP ANTENNA POLICY ............................................................................................................................................. 52 APPENDIX B: Narrowbanding Migration Plan (150-174 MHz and 421-512 MHz) ................ 54 APPENDIX C: Glossary of Communications Terms ..................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complete Document 042612
    Investigation into US Radio Spectrum Policy and Management An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Robert A. Over 4/26 /2012 Project Advisor – Professor David I. Spanagel Project Advisor – Professor Alexander M. Wyglinski This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects . Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Background ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Radio Spectrum Establishment ............................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 TV Broadcast Frequency Bands ....................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Mobile Communications Frequency Bands ..................................................................... 15 2.2 Governance and Regulation ................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 History of US Government Radio Regulation ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Public Safety Communications in the 800 Mhz Band; Consolidating the 900 Mhz Industrial/Land Transportation and Business Pool Channels, WT Docket No
    Federal Communications Commission FCC 04-168 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Improving Public Safety Communications in the ) 800 MHz Band ) WT Docket 02-55 ) Consolidating the 800 and 900 MHz ) Industrial/Land Transportation and Business Pool ) Channels ) ) ET Docket No. 00-258 Amendment of Part 2 of the Commission’s Rules ) to Allocate Spectrum Below 3 GHz for Mobile ) and Fixed Services to Support the Introduction of ) New Advanced Wireless Services, including Third ) RM-9498 Generation Wireless Systems ) ) Petition for Rule Making of the Wireless ) Information Networks Forum Concerning the ) RM-10024 Unlicensed Personal Communications Service ) ) Petition for Rule Making of UT Starcom, Inc., ) Concerning the Unlicensed Personal ) ET Docket No. 95-18 Communications Service ) ) Amendment of Section 2.106 of the Commission’s ) Rules to Allocate Spectrum at 2 GHz for use by ) the Mobile Satellite Service REPORT AND ORDER, FIFTH REPORT AND ORDER, FOURTH MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER, AND ORDER Adopted: July 8, 2004 Released: August 6, 2004 By the Commission: Chairman Powell, Commissioners Abernathy, Copps, and Adelstein issuing separate statements. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................... 8 III. MAJOR FINDINGS
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C
    BEFORE THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Request for Declaratory Ruling That the ) WT Docket No. 11-110 Commission’s Rules Authorize Greater ) Than 25 kHz Bandwidth Operations in ) the 800 MHz ESMR Band ) ) To: Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau COMMENTS OF SOUTHERNLINC WIRELESS Southern Communications Services, Inc. d/b/a SouthernLINC Wireless (“SouthernLINC Wireless”) hereby submits its comments in support of the Petition for Declaratory Ruling filed on June 3, 2011, by Sprint Nextel Corporation (“Sprint Nextel”) to allow larger than 25 kHz bandwidth operations in the 800 MHz Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio Service (“ESMR”) band.1 SouthernLINC Wireless urges the Commission to grant the Petition and declare that licensees in the ESMR band may deploy and operate technologies that require greater than 25 kHz bandwidth on the 800 MHz spectrum authorized by their Economic Area (“EA”) licenses. The requested declaratory ruling would be technology-neutral as it would provide licensees in the ESMR band with the ability to deploy and operate the mobile wireless technology of their choice, including 3G technologies such as CDMA and 4G technologies such as LTE. 1 / “Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Seeks Comment on Petition From Sprint Nextel to Allow Wideband Operations In 800 MHz Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio Service Bands, WT Docket No. 11-110, Public Notice, DA 11-1152 (rel. June 30, 2011) (“Public Notice”). Significantly, the requested ruling would promote regulatory parity among CMRS providers and encourage the competitive deployment and greater availability of mobile broadband technologies and services for US consumers. SouthernLINC Wireless emphasizes, however, that the requested ruling must expressly apply to all EA-licensed ESMR frequencies, including those in the expanded ESMR band in the southeastern United States – i.e., the 813.5-824/858.5-869 MHz band.
    [Show full text]
  • Facilitating 5G in the 3.45-3.55 Ghz Band Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking - WT Docket No
    September 9, 2020 FACT SHEET* Facilitating 5G in the 3.45-3.55 GHz Band Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking - WT Docket No. 19-348 Background: The Commission has acted quickly in recent years to meet the growing demand for mid- band spectrum for 5G. Last month, the FCC concluded an auction of 70 megahertz of Priority Access Licenses in the 3.5 GHz band, and on December 8, the Commission will begin an auction of 280 megahertz of spectrum in the 3.7 GHz band in the adjacent C-band. In the MOBILE NOW Act, Congress directed the Commission to identify spectrum for new mobile and fixed wireless broadband use, and to work with the National Telecommunications and Information Administration to evaluate whether commercial wireless services and federal incumbents could share use of spectrum between 3.1 and 3.55 GHz. In December 2019, the Commission adopted a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking proposing to remove the non-federal allocations from the 3.3-3.55 GHz band and seeking comment on relocating incumbent non-federal operations out of the band, in order to prepare it for possible commercial use. Last month, the White House and the Department of Defense announced plans to allow for commercial 5G systems to operate in the 3.45-3.55 GHz band throughout almost all of the contiguous U.S. What the Order Would Do: • Eliminate the non-federal radiolocation service allocation in the 3.3-3.55 GHz band and the non- federal amateur allocation in the 3.3-3.5 GHz band but allow incumbent licensees to continue operating in the 3.45-3.55 GHz band until a future date; • Relocate non-federal radiolocation licensees to the 2.9-3.0 GHz band, allowing them to continue operating on a secondary basis to federal operations, consistent with current allocations; and • Allow amateur licensees to individually determine appropriate alternate spectrum from existing available spectrum allocations.
    [Show full text]
  • DOC-370264A1.Pdf
    February 24, 2021 FACT SHEET* Facilitating Shared Use in the 3.1-3.55 GHz Band Second Report and Order, Order on Reconsideration, and Order of Proposed Modification, WT Docket No. 19-348 Background The Beat China by Harnessing Important, National Airwaves for 5G Act of 2020, which was included in the Fiscal Year 2021 omnibus spending bill, requires the Commission to work with its Federal partners to bring all of the 3.45 GHz band spectrum to market for next-generation wireless use through a system of competitive bidding by December 31, 2021. Beginning the implementation of this Congressional mandate, this item reallocates 100 megahertz in the 3.45 GHz band for flexible use wireless services and adopt rules to implement the new 3.45 GHz Service, The framework adopted for the 3.45 GHz band will enable full-power commercial use and provide flexibility to future licensees in deploying their networks in this band, while also ensuring that federal incumbents are still protected where and when they require continued access to the band. What the Second Report and Order Would Do: • Make 100 megahertz of spectrum in the 3.45 GHz band available for flexible use wireless services throughout the contiguous United States; • Add a co-primary, non-federal fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) allocation to the band; • Create a regime to coordinate non-federal and federal use of spectrum by adopting Cooperative Planning Areas and Periodic Use Areas and establishing coordination procedures; • Adopt a band plan and technical, licensing, and competitive
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Technologies and Their Expected Impact on Non-Federal Spectrum Demand
    EMERGING TECHNOLOGIE S AND THEIR EXPECTED IMPACT ON NON-FEDERAL SPECTRUM DEMAND May 2019 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR EXPECTED IMPACT ON NON-FEDERAL SPECTRUM DEMAND Mr. President: Wireless technology has the power to drive our economy, protect national security, and improve the lives of Americans in ways that are still being discovered. As a result of our Nation’s leadership in 4G, we increased GDP by $100 billion in 2016, created more jobs, lowered consumer costs, and ensured that the United States was the home to the entrepreneurial revolution of advanced wireless applications. 5G networks can move massive amounts of data at exponentially faster speeds than existing 4G LTE networks, and will ensure American job growth, improve national security, and ensure American technological leadership in the 21st century. However, as our nation continues to innovate and create devices that are more capable, the demand for spectrum increases as well. To reap the benefits of 5G and the networks of the future, the Nation must have a forward-looking strategic policy to make spectrum use more efficient and make more spectrum available. In your October 25, 2018 Presidential Memorandum, “Developing a Sustainable Spectrum Strategy for America’s Future,” you directed The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy to develop a report on emerging technologies and their expected impact on non-Federal spectrum demand. The attached report examines the foundation of 5G technologies and the critical importance of leveraging such technologies to expedite rollout of 5G networks, details the spectrum requirements of 5G and Wi- Fi, and reviews recent and ongoing activities across the government to meet the spectrum demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Application Form a for Wireless Projects
    WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATION FACILITIES PLANNING DIVISION SUPPLEMENTAL APPLICATION FORM A FOR WIRELESS PROJECTS The City of Monrovia recognizes that the provision of wireless telecommunications facilities (WF) are highly technical enterprises subject to various federal, state, and local regulations. This supplemental application must be submitted as part of an application for the approval of the installation or modification of a wireless telecommunications facility. This form assists the City to comply with its duties under Chapter 17.46 and other provisions of the Monrovia Municipal Code; the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (including 47 U.S.C. §§ 253, 332); the FCC Shot Clock Order (FCC 09-99 and FCC 14-153); Section 6409(a) of the Spectrum Act and FCC 14- 153; California Public Utilities Code Sections 7901 and 7901.1; the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”); the provisions of California Government Code Sections 65850.6 and 65964; and other local, state, and federal laws, regulations, and court decisions. The City requires that the applicant provide this information to assist it in creating a written administrative record containing substantial evidence sufficient to permit the City’s informed consideration of your request, and to determine the duties, rights and obligations of the City and the applicant/owner of the proposed project. No application that requires submittal of a supplemental application shall be determined complete, or be considered for determination of completeness until all required responses to this supplemental application form are completed. Attachments must be numbered to correspond with the numbers in this application. Initial on line provided to indicate that required documentation is attached.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix C: Acronyms and Glossary of Terms
    Appendix C: Acronyms and Glossary of Terms Allocation: The designation of a band of frequencies mined by the amount of information in the signal for a specific radio service or services. Allocations being sent. More complex signals contain more in- are made internationally at World Radio Confer- formation, and hence require wider bandwidths. ences and are incorporated into the international The bandwidth required by a television channel is Table of Frequency Allocations. Domestic alloca- 600 times greater than that of an AM radio chan- tions are made by the Federal Communications nel. Commission (FCC) and the National Telecommu- BETRS: Basic Exchange Telecommunications Radio nications and Information Administration (NTIA). Service. BETRS is used as a wireless substitute to AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is copper loops for providing basic telephone ser- the existing U.S. analog cellular telephone stan- vice. dard. Bps: Bits per second. The rate at which digital data are Analog: In analog radio communications, informa- transmitted over a communications path. Speeds tion is transmitted by continuously varying the are usually designated kbps (thousands of bits per phase, amplitude, or frequency of a radio carrier second), Mbps (millions of bits per second), and wave. Gbps (billions of bits per second). Assignment: The granting by a government of the BSS: Broadcasting-Satellite Service. An ITU-defined right to use a specific frequency (or group of fre- service that refers to the delivery of information or quencies) to a specific user or station. Each televi- programming directly from satellites to user re- sion station, for example, is assigned a small group ceivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Wireless Communications In
    Understanding National Law Enforcement and Wireless Corrections Technology Center Communications in Public Safety A Guidebook to Technology, Issues, Planning, and Management National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center Understanding Wireless Communications in Public Safety A Guidebook to Technology, Issues, Planning, and Management Written by: Kathy J. Imel and James W. Hart, P.E. For: The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (Rocky Mountain Region) A Program of the National Institute of Justice March 2000 Revised: August 2000 National Institute of Justice Julie E. Samuels Acting Director NCJ 180211 The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center is supported by Cooperative Agreement #96–MU–MU–K011 awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Analyses of test results do not represent product approval or endorsement by the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice; the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; or Aspen Systems Corporation. Points of view or opinions contained within this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and Office for Victims of Crime. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center–Rocky Mountain ......... ix Acknowledgments ............................................................... ix Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Part 1. Planning and Managing a Communications Project ................................ 3 Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Land Mobile Radio Services: Background
    Federal Communications Commission Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Staff Paper Private Land Mobile Radio Services: Background December 18, 1996 Michele Farquhar, Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Project Team David Wye John Borkowski Eli Johnson Sean Fleming Federal Communications Commission Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Staff Paper Private Land Mobile Radio Services: Background December 18, 1996 Michele Farquhar, Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Project Team David Wye John Borkowski Eli Johnson Sean Fleming Federal Communications Commission Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Staff Paper The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the many representatives of the private wireless community who contributed to this Staff Paper. Within the Federal Communications Commission, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, many people were also generous with their time and attention, and contributed valuable insights and comments. The information, perspectives, and suggestions all these contributors provided greatly improved the final product. The views expressed in this Staff Paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Communications Commission or any individual Commissioner. This Staff Paper is not a statement of policy by the Commision, nor does it bind the Commission in any way. We do not intend by this Paper to prejudge the outcome of any proceeding that is now or may in the future come before the Commission. Executive Summary Since the 1920s, the private land mobile radio services (PLMRS) have been meeting the internal communication needs of private companies, state and local governments, and other organizations. These services provide voice and data communications that allow entities to control their business operations and production processes, protect worker and public safety, and respond quickly in times of natural disaster or other emergencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Voice Radio Communications Guide for the Fire Service June 2016
    U.S. Fire Administration Voice Radio Communications Guide for the Fire Service June 2016 U.S. Fire Administration Mission Statement We provide National leadership to foster a solid foundation for our fi re and emergency services stakeholders in prevention, preparedness, and response. This page intentionally left blank. Voice Radio Communications Guide for the Fire Service i Acknowledgment The U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) is committed to using all means possible for reducing the incidence of injuries and deaths to firefighters. One of these means is to partner with organizations that share this same admirable goal. One such organization is the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF). As a labor union, the IAFF has been deeply committed to improving the safety of its members and all firefighters as a whole. This is why the USFA was pleased to work with the IAFF through a partnership supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology Directorate, First Responders Group, Office for Interoperability and Compatibility to develop this second edition of the “Voice Radio Communications Guide for the Fire Service.” The USFA gratefully acknowledges the following leaders of the IAFF for their willingness to partner on this project: General President Harold Schaitberger General Secretary-Treasurer Thomas Miller Assistant to the General President Occupational Health, Safety and Medicine Patrick Morrison International Association of Fire Fighters, AFL-CIO, CLC Division of Occupational Health, Safety and Medicine
    [Show full text]
  • TR 101 030 V1.1.1 (1997-07) Technical Report
    TR 101 030 V1.1.1 (1997-07) Technical Report Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Radio Local Loop (RLL) Co-ordination Group; Survey of ETSI activities and recommendations for the ETSI work programme 2 TR 101 030 V1.1.1 (1997-07) Reference DTR/ERM-00011 (9jc00ics.PDF) Keywords Access, radio, RLL, WLL ETSI Secretariat Postal address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 X.400 c= fr; a=atlas; p=etsi; s=secretariat Internet [email protected] http://www.etsi.fr Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved. 3 TR 101 030 V1.1.1 (1997-07) Contents Intellectual Property Rights................................................................................................................................7 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................7 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................7 1 Scope........................................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]