The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Copyright-Based Industries in China the Economic Contribution Of

The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Copyright-Based Industries in China The Economic Contribution of

December 2009 4 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China report “TheEconomicContributionofCopyright-BasedIndustriesinChina”. been completed successfully in accordance with the original plan. The final result of the project is the Xiaobin Zhang and some Department other related researchStudies staff. Economy After two Publishing years of survey of and research,Director the Deputy project has the Bing, Copyright Zhao Center of Studies Director Deputy the of Group Working Project the convened CIPS Yushan, Wei and also and professionals and under the leaders leadership of the Director of departments, CIPS Hao Zhensheng and the above: Deputy Directors Xin Guangwei the of all of help and guidance the With offered had They on. so and China detailed basicdataandinformation. of Society Internet the Association, Advertising Chinese the Industry,Light National China the WritersAssociation, Chinese the Art, Literatureand of Federation the Industry and Information Customs, Technology, administrative the General of Administration of Press and Publication, the many China Administration from General support the National Bureau ofStatisticsChina,theStateAdministrationForeign Exchange,theMinistryof the including received associations had industrial project and departments the period, surveying the During guidance. of lot a offered had and ideas technical precious reference materials. constructive The entire project working many group have benefited a forward great deal from put their had They times. several China visited Boey Kit Chow and Siwek the Gantchev,Stephen Dimiter During project, the consultants. of implementation technical as WIPO by invited were Boey Kit Chow Academy IP Singapore of President The project. the of implementation the of charge in were Gantchev Dimiter Department Industry Creative the of Head Acting the and Saadallah Secretary- Sherif OSUIPD of Assistant Director Executive the the Wang, Binying WIPO Sabharwal, of General Narendra and Keplinger Michael WIPO of Secretary-General Meanwhile, WIPO have provided financial assistance and technical instructions as well. The Deputies suggestions fortheproject whichguaranteesitscompletesuccess. instructional and directional many forward put have They group. leading the of members as others Maoning some and Department Administration Copyright the Jiang of Office International the of Division fromthe Ziqiang, Wang Department Administration Copyright the of Head the supervisor, deputy as YanXiaohong Director Deputy supervisor,the group the as the Binjie with Liu groupNCAC of leading Director project a convened and project the to importance great given has NCAC subsidiary ofNCAC. direct the (CIPS), Science Publishing of Institute setting. Chinese the to policies commissioned been public has project The and revisions laws related for reference a be to as well as industries based copyright- Chinese of development the supporting and guiding for help and experience beneficial provide to aimed project sector.The information and creative the of potential great the underline basic conditions and developing trends, so as to raise public and political awareness of the issue and out the contribution rate of Chinese copyright industries to the national economy and to survey their Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China”. The primary purpose of the project was to find World and Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) decided to (NCAC) carry out the project: “Survey on The Economic China of Republic People’s the of Administration Copyright National 2007, In n o i t c u d o r t n I Stephen Siwek and the economist from economist the and Siwek Stephen Incorporated Economists The Economic Contribution of 5 Copyright-Based Industries in China 13 15 15 17 19 19 20 21 22 22 22 22 21 33 34 34 23 24 24 24 26 27 27 29 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 19 19

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Indicators Definition Classification Copyright-Based The Classification Definition Classification Current Definition Chinese Copyright Copyright-Based Industrial Copyright-Based Classification Payment ch t ic Quantitative Comparative The The The Classification Definition Scope Indicators Definition Copyright-Based f r ar jects 3.2.1 3.2.2 Annual 2.4.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4.2 hapter hapter igni 4.2 Questionnaires 4.3 Field 4.4 4.5 S 4.1 Literature 2.4 C Repo C 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Methodology Ob 3.1 3.2 Foreword 1. Rese 2. Abstract Table of Contents 3. 4. 5. 6 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China 2.5 3.1 C 3.2 4.1 C 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 C 5.2 5.3 hapter hapter hapter 2.5.2 2.5.1 3.1.2 3.1.1 3.2.3 3.2.2 3.2.1 4.1.3 4.1.2 4.1.1 4.2.2 4.2.1 4.3.2 4.3.1 4.4.2 4.4.1 4.5.2 4.5.1 5.1.2 5.1.1 5.2.5 5.2.4 5.2.3 5.2.2 5.2.1

The SpecificClassificationofNon-DedicatedIndustries Basic Data Copyright Factor Summary The EconomicContributionofCor The EconomicContributionofInter The EconomicContributionofPartialCopyrightIndustries The EconomicContributionofNon-DedicatedSupportIndustries Brief OverviewoftheResear The Resear Comparison ofResear

Classification ofNon-DedicatedSupportIndustries Definition ofNon-DedicatedSupportIndustries Calculation Methods Sour Non-Dedicated SupportIndustries Partial CopyrightIndustries Inter Industries Comparison ofIndustrialV The EconomicContributionofChineseCopyright-BasedIndustriesin2006 The EconomicContributionofChineseCopyright-BasedIndustriesin2004 The EconomicContributionofChineseCor The EconomicContributionofChineseCor in 2006 The EconomicContributionofChineseInter in 2004 The EconomicContributionofChineseInter The EconomicContributionofChinesePartialCopyrightIndustriesin2006 The EconomicContributionofChinesePartialCopyrightIndustries in 2006 The EconomicContributionofChineseNon-DedicatedSupportIndustries The EconomicContributionofChineseNon-DedicatedSupportIndustries The ResultsofCurr The Dif Eur Singapor Canada The UK The US

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36 34 34 34 36 36 36 40 40 39 39 46 44 42 42 48 48 50 53 52 52 57 55 55 62 61 59 59 63 62 62 67 67 66 65 65 65 68 The Economic Contribution of 7 Copyright-Based Industries in China 99 97 99 94 97 97 97 99 73 94 97 72 72 72 74 94 71 71 71 72 94 70 70 70 71 70 106 105 105 106 103 104 101 103 100 103 100

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C onment for Chinese Copyright-Based industries onment for Chinese C owth rate, the annual growth rate of value-added of growth owth rate, the annual oportion, Chinese copyright-based industries have taken shape industries have Chinese copyright-based oportion, a a extiles, in nd omoting the Development of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries omoting the Development of Chinese ns

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hin S o onclusions nments of various levels take positive measures to promote the development to promote measures nments of various levels take positive C ndust ndic C he ove Statistical System; Establish Professional Classification of Copyright-Based Classification ove Statistical System; Establish Professional I T in

ousew engthen Propaganda and Education; Heighten Staff’s Awareness of Copyright Awareness Staff’s and Education; Heighten engthen Propaganda e ewelle niture and Copyright and niture r H Ha J Garm 6.

Chinese Lamp Industry Lamps and Copyright Chinese Ceramic Industry Ceramics and Copyright The Jewellery The Coins Economy Impr Industries Str Formulate Copyright Policies; Pr China has established a r China has established Gover needed. guidance and supports are still more of copyright-based industry, Partial copyright industry staf development of the the serious pirate situations which have affected copyright-based industry. foundation for the development of the copyright-based industry. development of the copyright-based foundation for the In terms of the gr Compar copyright high but the core economy is relatively industries to the national progress. more industries should make In terms of the pr In terms of economy. influence on the national remarkable shown already and copyright has industries copyright-based is higher than that of GDP, copyright-based industries crucial to economic growth. are 1

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Glass Lamps and Lanter Fur Ceramics The Relationship of Handicrafts and Copyright A Brief Review of Chinese Fur General Survey of Chinese Handicraft Industry The Relationship of Jewellery and Coins with Copyright General Survey of Chinese Jewellery and Coins Industry The Relationship of Garments, T General Survey of Chinese Garments, T General Survey of Chinese Garments, Suggestions for Pr Developing the Envir An Overview of the Development of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries of Chinese Copyright-Based of the Development An Overview S nitu

r 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.1.2 5.1.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 hinese hinese hinese hinese hapter 5.3 5.2 C 4.2 5.1 4.1 Fu 3.2 C 2.2 3.1 C 1.2 2.1 C 6.3 1.1 6.2 C 6.1 5. 4. 3. 2. Appendix Annex: 1. 8 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China A 6. References Questionnair 7. Regional Questionnaire 10. 11. 9. 8. 6.1 W 10.1 T 7.1 T 6.2 English Refer Chinese references A 10.2 I A 7.2 nte he oys r Region chitectu

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Museu r a S io A BriefReviewofW Industry OverviewoftheMuseumSectorinChina Industry OverviewofChineseT W Museums andCopyright T a oys, GameFacilitiesandCopyright urvey nd allpapers, CarpetsandCopyright r D pe a e r a Gam

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r y 107 108 107 109 121 119 119 117 109 108 107 110 111 115 109 110 108 108 The Economic Contribution of 9 Copyright-Based Industries in China 30 34 37 41 41 41 41 42 44 46 48 48 50 50 52 54 56 58 60 61 64 64 74 77 78

esponding

esponding to the esponding to Customs

e copyright industries in 2004 e copyright industries in 2006

2006

Market Scope of Copyright-Based Industries within the Chinese Copyright Industries within the Market Scope of Copyright-Based Legal System Classification of Copyright-Based Industry Classification of Copyright-Based Calculation Formulas of Industrial Value-Added Components of Industrial Value-Added Calculation Formulas Copyright Factor of Chinese Copyright Industries Copyright Factor of Interdependent Copyright Industries Interdependent Partial Copyright Industries Non-Dedicated Support Industries The Economic Contribution of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries in 2004 The Economic Contribution of Chinese The Economic Contribution of Chinese Copyright-Based Industry in 2006 The Economic Contribution of Chinese Industrial Value-Added of Chinese Economic Industries and their Ratios to of Chinese Economic Industries Industrial Value-Added National GDP in 2004 and The value-added, employment and total commodity exports of Chinese core commodity exports of Chinese core The value-added, employment and total copyright industries in 2004 Total service trade exports of Chinese cor Total The value-added, employment and total commodity exports of Chinese core commodity exports of Chinese core The value-added, employment and total copyright industries in 2006 Total service trade exports of Chinese cor Total The economic contribution of Chinese interdependent copyright industry in 2004 interdependent The economic contribution of Chinese The economic contribution of Chinese interdependent copyright industries interdependent The economic contribution of Chinese in 2006 The economic contribution of Chinese partial copyright industries in 2004 The economic contribution of Chinese partial copyright industry in 2006 The economic contribution of Chinese non-dedicated support industries in 2004 The economic contribution of Chinese non-dedicated support industries in The direct economic contribution of Chinese non-dedicated support industries The direct in 2006 The economic contribution of copyright-based industries Value-Added by Copyright-Based Industries in Countries or Regions by Value-Added National Economy Industry Classification The Specific Classification of Core Copyright Industries Corr The Specific Classification of Core Analysis Classification ( Four-Digit Code) Analysis Classification ( Four-Digit The Specific Classification of Core Copyright Industries Corr The Specific Classification of Core to National Economy Industry Classification The Specific Classification of Interdependent Copyright Industries Corr The Specific Classification of Interdependent

Table 1: Table Ta b l e s Table 2: Table Table 3: Table Table 4: Table Table 4.1 Table Table 4.2 Table Table 4.3 Table Table 5: Table Table 6: Table Table 7: Table Table 8: Table Table 9: Table Table 10: Table Table 11: Table Table 12: Table Table 13: Table Table 14: Table Table 15: Table Table 16: Table Table 17: Table Table 18: Table Table 19: Table Table 20: Table Table 21: Table Table 22: Table 10 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China T T T T able able able able

26: 25: 24: 23: National IndustriesClassificationStandards The ClassificationofNon-DedicatedSupportIndustriesCorresponding tothe Standards bytheCustoms The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorresponding totheClassification Industries ClassificationStandards The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorresponding totheNational Customs AnalysisClassification The SpecificClassificationofInterdependent CopyrightIndustriesCorresponding to

93 86 83 79 The Economic Contribution of

alue-Added of Chinese Copyright-Based alue-Added of Chinese

2006

The composition of industrial value-added of Chinese partial copyright industries in 2004 The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese interdependent Chinese interdependent The composition of total value of export goods from copyright industries in 2004 copyright industries The composition of value-added of Chinese interdependent in 2006 copyright The composition of employment among Chinese interdependent industries in 2006 Chinese interdependent The composition of total value of export goods from copyright industries in The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese core copyright Chinese core goods from The composition of total value of export industries in 2004 copyright industries in 2006 core The composition of value-added of Chinese copyright industries in 2006 core The composition of employment of Chinese copyright goods of Chinese core The composition of total value of export industries in 2006 copyright industries The composition of value-added of Chinese interdependent in 2004 copyright industries The composition of employment in Chinese interdependent in 2004 The Composition of Total Export Goods of Chinese Copyright-Based Industry Export Goods of Chinese Copyright-Based The Composition of Total in 2006 Copyright-Based Industry between The Comparison of Industrial Value-Added and Other Industries in Copyright Core of Chinese The Composition of Industrial Value-Added Industries in 2004 Copyright Industries Chinese Core The Composition of Employment among in 2004 The Composition of Industrial V The Composition of Industries Employment among Chinese Copyright-Based The Composition of in 2004 of Chinese Copyright-Based Merchandise Export of Total The Composition of Industry in 2004 of Chinese Copyright-Based Industrial Value-Added The Composition of Industry in 2006 Chinese Copyright-Based Industry The Composition of Employment among in 2006 Industries in 2004 20: 19: 16: 17: 18: 15: 10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 9: 6: 7: 8: 4: 5: 1: 2: 3:

iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D i a g r a m s 12 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China D D D D D D D D D D D iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram iagram

31: 30: 29: 28: 27: 26: 25: 24: 23: 22: 21: in 2004 in 2006 Comparisons betweenChineseCopyrightIndustriesandOtherCountries’ Countries’ in2004 Comparisons betweenChineseCopyright-BasedIndustryandOther industries in2006 The compositionofemploymentamongChinesenon-dedicatedsupport industries in2006 The compositionofindustrialvalue-addedChinesenon-dedicatedsupport industries in2004 The compositionofemploymentamongChinesenon-dedicatedsupport industries in2004 The compositionofindustrialvalue-addedChinesenon-dedicatedsupport industries in2006 The compositionoftotalvalueexportgoodsfrom Chinesepartialcopyright The compositionofemploymentinChinesepartialcopyrightindustries2006 in 2006 The compositionofindustrialvalue-addedChinesepartialcopyrightindustries industry in2004 The compositionoftotalvalueexportgoodsfrom Chinesepartialcopyright The compositionofemploymentamongChinesepartialcopyrightindustry

61 61 60 60 59 59 58 57 57 69 68 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China13 eached 1319.7 billion RMB or 6.4% of national GDP; eached 788.4 billion RMB or 4.9% of national GDP (Gross Domestic Product); national GDP (Gross eached 788.4 billion RMB or 4.9% of eached 149.3 billion USD or 15.4% of national gross export value. eached 149.3 billion USD or 15.4% of national gross eached 92.2 billion USD or 15.5% of national gross export value. national gross eached 92.2 billion USD or 15.5% of T 2006. total exports r the value-added r they employed 7.63 million people or 6.5% of Chinese workers; the value-added r 5.6% of Chinese workers; they employed 6.16 million people or total exports r

Chinese copyright-based industries have taken initial shape as a whole. The copyright industries have had a significant influence on the national economy. research The the growth rate of value-added by resultscopyright-based industries was fromhigher than The that other copyright- of GDP. countries showed that most the among are service, software and technology new activities, creative the especially industries, based prosperous areas in the economy and have played an important role in promoting the Compared economic with growth. other countries, the share of economic contribution achieved to increase copyright industries is promising by of contribution by core high but the share industries is relatively Chinese total copyright of contribution by partial copyright industries is quite low. and the share 1 . he general status of Chinese copyright-based industries • the to Due China. in industries copyright-based of contribution economic the on survey first the is study This based However, preliminary. just is study the experience, and fund time, of limit the statistics, detailed of lack conclusions: following the get least at could we countries, other from results the and findings research the on • • In 2004, • • In 2006, • The statistics for the economic contributions of Chinese copyright-based industries to national economy are as follows: According According to the definition and classificationindustries in which all, or a portion createdof, to the works related activities and are subject other matter protected by WIPO, Chinese copyright-based industriesthat are may involve creation, production and manufacturing, exhibition performance, or broadcast, distribution communication and sales. and In terms of their different industries extent of can dependence on be copyright, these categorised as support industries. copyright industries and non-dedicated core copyright industries, interdependent copyright industries, partial Consequently, Consequently, since 2007, NCAC and WIPO have begun to cooperate and first surveyentrust onCIPS the economicto contribution ofcarry copyright characteristics industriesout quantifiable in provide China.the to Theand industries objective copyright-based ofthe theof contribution studyeconomic isthe to survey of this contribution by using the approach provided by WIPO. It contains three trade. Due to the limitation of statistics, this main to foreign in employment and contributions value-added, share indicators: industrial study only surveys and calculates the economic contribution of Chinese copyright-based industries in 2004 and In recent In years, recent since the copyright-based they industries having are influencetremendous on the economy, have been and reconsidered analyzed from an economic perspective. One of the most important tasks is to provide quantifiable characteristics of the economiccontribution than have 30 by been countries WIPO, more active surveying there promotion the economic contribution of of the copyright-based industries. With copyright industries since the 1970s when Canada and Sweden first carried out such studies. The existing experience of other countries indicates that these studies have raised public and political awareness of the sector. and information potential of the creative the great issue and underlined A b s t r a c t 14 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China eveloping the environment for Chinese copyright-based e s a b - t h g i r y p o c e s e n i h C the developmentofcopyrightindustriestoacertainextent. r o f t and the phenomenon of n piracy is serious. This has both weakened the independent innovation and affected e m n o environment r should be improved. Employees in partial copyright industries have low awareness of copyright i v n e moregiven emphasis from all been around. However,has moreIt e policy guidance and support industries. are needed and the copyright-based developing of h development the promoting t for policies of also series has a levels issued g all at n government The i industries. copyright-based of p development the laid o for has foundations which the l system protection e copyright complete v relatively a e established has China speaking, Broadly . 2 oriae dvlpet f h rgoa eooy n codne ih oa faue ad datgs of advantages and features local copyright industries. with accordance in economy regional the e of s development coordinated e the promote and n features special with i industries regional foster h policies, support copyright C perfect should f o t formulated copyright policies n suited to local copyright industries’ development. Therefore, e local governments m p o history,not long have a places features.Most industries’ copyright-based differdifferentin China regionsin l e v e when norm d general copyright policies and promote the coordinated development of regional economy. a a vast territory and With as e used be h and t public the by protecting people’s g known own rights as well as respecting and safeguarding the rights of widely others. Thirdly, n Secondly,formulate be i could studies. system t legal industrial way copyright That o and copyright. the m of system awareness employees’ o statistical the r heightening related by p education the and propaganda of strengthen r perfection o and f establishment the s for n o i t s both to provide reference for defining e and industries, regulating Chinese copyright industries and to lay the foundation copyright-based of g classification derivative g a establish and u system statistical the improveFirstly, . 3

s e i r t s u d n i s e i r t s u d n i d e s a b - t h g i r y p o c S D The Economic Contribution of

3 5 ed. st ed., p6. st ed. st Therefore, traditionally, copyright has been has copyright traditionally, Therefore, 1 written by Ronald H. Coase in 1960 has served as the written by Richard professor Posner, at the University of Chicago ed., p2. rd As a “the result, economic analysis of the doctrines in copyright law has 4 The Problem of Social Cost Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries (The Guide) in The combination of the empirical economic analysis and normative economic analysis, which The Economic Analysis of Law 2 esearch Background R

, Law Press, 2006,1 Selection of Legal Economics, Law Press, thesis include The Economic Analysis of Copyright Law, from Typical 2006,1 WIPO: Guide on Surveying, Law Press, the Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries , Law Press, 2003, 3 See Intellectual Property Law, Law Press, Brothers”, Studies of Comparison, 2002. See Suli, “Different Fates of Twin 2006, 1 University Press, See Qian Hongdao, Economic Analysis of Laws, Tsinghua

Law School in 1973, symbolises the formal beginning of the legal economics occupies economics an unshakable status in champion. American law schools, it has Nowadays even changed the practice legal of law in the US. foundation stone for legal economic analysis later on and it has been the basis for Ronald Coase to win the Nobel Economics Prize. In the following years economics has influencedgreatly both law and legal practice. The book, been the subject of research by scholars interested in the intersection between law and economics”. in the intersection by scholars interested been the subject of research “The intellectual property is a natural domain for law and economic analysis, while copyright is an important an is copyright while analysis, economic and law for domain natural a is property intellectual “The form of the intellectual property.” In academic area, considered considered in studies mostly from its legal perspective. In recent years, with fast development of the theory and practice of copyright, the understanding and study on its economic characteristics has intensive. become more 5 1 2 3 4 The United States has surveyed the economic contributions of copyright-based industries since the 1990s. It is It 1990s. the since industries copyright-based of contributions economic the surveyed has States United The in-depth. and comprehensive most the also are studies its and survey this conducting country active most the American methodology research and experience have been adopted by many countries. Their study reports can be classified into two types: one is an annualreport, thedata otherof ismany ayears. comprehensiveWhen report the combining research framework, methodology and while statistics industries copyright in development have the of events and information been up-to-date the provide could set, report an annual a comprehensive report could summarise the developing trends of copyright industries in the span of a In accordance with the statistics of WIPO, since the 1970s when Canada and Sweden firstundertaken carriedalso have countries of outlot a industries, the copyright-based of contributions economic the on surveys such studies. By the 1990s, the quantity and quality of the studies both had reached a higher level. So far, there are more than 30 countries having conducted tools such for member countries and studies. to strengthen the comparative In possibility among different countries, order WIPO to provide practical research prepared the the studies of copyright industries all over the world. 2003. It has promoted At an age of fast growing knowledge and people economy, no most the of longer One perspective. economic an examine from it analyse copyright and reconsider but from perspective artistic and a cultural legal or copyright-based the of contribution economic the of characteristics quantifiable provide to is tasks important industries. Because of the development of digital techniques, the scope of objects protected by copyright has become copyright The income. economic of level high a about brings also which modernin larger and society, larger protection has laid the foundation for the quick development of industries like broadcasting publishing, and music, movie, software in the world. Accompanied great changes economy, have by taken place understanding in of people’s the the concept of copyright. increasing As WIPO influence of copyright has pointed on the out, copyright, which has been regarded as an obscure legal concept, is now linked with daily life of the an number unprecedented of people. That is why NCAC has put the forward slogan “copyright generates fortune” to the public. As a part of the intellectual property, copyright is a legal concept. legal a is copyright property, intellectual the of part a As 1 . F o r e w o r d complement each other, has promoted and will continue to promote the development of legal research. 16 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China 6 9 8 7 Canada was the first country conducting the survey of copyright-based industries. In 1977, Canada’s Reporter Patent industries. Canadian ofcopyright-based the survey the prepared Services and Supply of conducting Department country first the was Canada 2004 and2006.Thecomprehensive report2002, from 2003to2007hasalready comeoutin2009. 2000, 1999, 1998, 1996, for reports the including launched, annually been have reports following the all that, comprehensivereport.After 1993 to 1977 the reportand annual 1993 reportswerethe fourth was launched in 1990, then the 1977 to 1990 comprehensive report came into being in 1992. The third and copyright in trends survey report and first The relativelystable. matureis and States United the in used status methodology The industries. current the of study in-depth and comprehensive a to beneficial is reports two the of combination Therefore, the industries. copyright of system survey the in changes the reflect also should report comprehensive the statistics, and industries of change the to due Meanwhile, period. longer statistics of2002and2004. the adding industries copyright-based of contributions economic the of data the updated Institute Property the European Union Kingdom, and other western United developed countries. In the 2007, the Italy,Sweden, Singapore International Intellectual France, Belgium, Austria, of data the statistical selected of Singapore terms comparison, In States. United the in used one the to similar is Singapore by used WIPO’smethodology The in classification industries copyright-based the to of according data category annual each related of provided sub-divisions also Singapore rate, growth of years many the covering from data Apart of industries. comparison Singapore’s copyright of status the reflects data term long of comparison The 2001. They to 2000 2001. and 2000 to to 1995 1995, to 1986 1990 1990, from to 1986 are: ranging that parts period, several into period long this cut a was quite report for first data surveyed the study and Their 2004. 2003 in November proposed in began the survey Singapore’s of terms approach. WIPO’s in industries with copyright-based economy of survey the out carrying country Asian first the is Singapore contributions of Canada copyright-based industries are slightly higher economic than Australia, the but of lower than indicators the threeUS. general in that shows result The data. Australian and American and data Canada’s Therefore, objects. research Canadian between its comparison a continuity. as What’sCanada’smade of more,report feature 2002 a takes survey to 1991 from statistics the took Canada report, 2004 Siwek: CopyrightIndustriesinthe U.S. Economy:The2006Report Siwek: CopyrightIndustriesinthe U.S. Economy:The2004Report(released inOctober2004) Siwek: CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:The2002Report(released inApril2002) Siwek: CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:The2000Report(released inDecember2000) Siwek: CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:The1999Report(released inDecember1999) Siwek andFurchgott-Roth, CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:The1998Report(released inMay1998) Siwek andFurchgott-Roth, CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:The1996Report(released inOctober1996) Siwek andFurchgott-Roth, CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:1977-1993(released inJanuary1995) Siwek andFurchgott-Roth, CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:1993Perspective(released inOctober1993) Siwek andFurchgott-Roth, CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy:1977-1990(released inSeptember1992) Siwek andFurchgott-Roth, CopyrightIndustriesintheU.S.Economy(released inNovember1990) 2006) andthefollowingreports athttp://www.iipa.com/copyright_us_economy.html: See WIPO,NationalStudiesonAssessingtheEconomicContributionofCopyright-Based Industries.(WIPOPublicationNo.624e Economic_Contribution_2007_Exec_Summary_Oct%202008.pdf Industries. (WIPO PublicationNo.624e2006)http://www.ipacademy.com.sg/site/ipa_cws/resource/executive%20summaries/ Industries inSingapore: The2004Report,WIPO.NationalStudies onAssessingtheEconomicContributionofCopyright-Based LEO KahMun,CHOWKitBoey, LEEKeeBeng,ONGChin Huat,LOYWee Loon: The EconomicContributionofCopyright-Based Studies onAssessingtheEconomic ContributionoftheCopyright-BasedIndustries.(WIPOPublicationNo.624e 2006) Wall CommunicationsInc.TheEconomicContributionofCopyright-Based IndustriesinCanada:The2004ReportWIPO.National theEconomicContributionofCopyright-BasedIndustries , p8. See GuideonSurveying published the article the published 9 The Scale of Canadian Copyright-Based Industries. Copyright-Based Canadian of Scale The . Later the Later Suggestions. Revision Law Copyright: Canadian 6 7 In the In Guide. 8 The Economic Contribution of

11 , 2007 (4). 2007 , Guide, “the scope of the Guide is Technology and Innovation Management Innovation and Technology Guide indicates, this research is “not a merely statistical edition, Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2006. University Press, edition, Beijing: Tsinghua st and to the discussion of the concept of copyright industries in China. 10 We believe We that, as the its study academic progresses, value in the fields outside the industrial 12 S

Qian Hongdao, Economic Analysis of Law, 1 eg. Hu Zhiwu, “Copyright Industries in China”, China Publishing Journal, 1998 (1). , 2002 (10). and China”, Publishing Reference “Copyright Industries—World Song Huixian, Zhou Yanmin, Industry”, Copyright-based of Peculiarities of “Analysis Chunlin, Xu Pinhua, Wang eg. Ye Xin, Fan Wenjing, “Brief Introduction to US Copyright Industries in 2005”, Publishing Research, 2007 (2). Research, to US Copyright Industries in 2005”, Publishing “Brief Introduction Xin, Fan Wenjing, eg. Ye , 2005 (1). Zhang Qin, “An Overview of Copyright Industries in the U.S. Economy”, Journal of Haidian University China and U.S.”, Qilu Realm of Arts, 2005 (4). Liya, “Comparison of Copyright Industries and Copyright System between Yang in the United States”, Intellectual Property, 2002 (6). “The Copyright Industries and Copyright Trade Shang Yong,

Thirdly, Thirdly, in terms of academic study, just as the exercise” but also a preliminary investigation into the copyright problems with a due to the lack careful of training in “The statistics traditional and approach. law, economics, can only discuss legal multi-disciplinary effects with words instead of specific practical statistical data. the Consequently, legal effect, an important legal analysis in jurisprudence, is often misled. The inter-disciplinary study of economics and law the law can workers a new give method and viewpoint, and they will benefit from the study inter-disciplinary in the long term.” Secondly, the long term follow-up investigation can help people understand the developing rules of copyright of rules developing the understand people help can investigation follow-up term long the Secondly, industries. It can provide useful experiences and assistance to the support of copyright industries in China. and policy making. law revision data for the related reference will also provide Besides, the research Firstly, Firstly, the research can help us to master the basic rules industries, and as developing well tendency as of their status Chinese and copyright function in the national economy. Thus, levels and the the public can government improve their understanding at of copyright industries various and realise the importance of copyright protection. Therefore, Therefore, it is of great significance in practically. and copyright-based industries both theoretically China to conduct researches on the economic contributions of Indeed, copyright surely has created treasure, but how much treasure has it created and how to create more? more? create to how and created it has treasure much how but treasure, created has surely copyright Indeed, still questions in China. Both are 12 11 10 In terms of academic research, Chinese scholars have never conducted research and quantitative study on the economic contributions of copyright-based industries; instead, they are limited to the the results introduction from foreign countries of This is especially significant for China, a developing nation where copyright has not been given full attention attention full given been not has copyright where nation developing a China, for significant especially is This and where creativity awareness and abilities are in urgent need to be improved. In practice, through great efforts in the past twenty years, China has established copyright a industries relatively are complete also copyright developing legal fast. However, system. the public, The with an not indifference fully to recognised copyright, the has importance of copyright industries and other creative industries development. in the economic confined to surveying the economic contribution of the copyright-based industries and providing quantifiable providing and industries copyright-based the of contribution economic the surveying to confined characteristics of this contribution”; it however, does not refer to such issues as the economic influence of significance the for As etc. piracy, of consequences the copyright, of influence social the itself, law copyright out carried industries copyright-based the on surveys the of merit great “The underlines WIPO survey, the of so far in various countries is that they have raised public of and the political issue awareness and underlined based are industries copyright the because is That sector”. information and creative the of potential great the results research the all and “creativity” is feature key whose “production” the of spread and creation the on proved that “the contributions of copyright-based industries are larger than the common consideration of the in research some the countries public”. has Consequently, promoted the passing of new copyright laws policies. and the making of related 2 . The relationship between copyright and economy is a complicated subject because it involves a wide range of fields in the economic life and it is a multi-disciplinary area in academic studiesas well. Therefore, WIPO ignificancegave a positive and cautious explanation of the target and significancecontributions of of theresearch copyright-based on industries. the economic According to the WIPO’s research will arise, just like the great potential of copyright industries will be recognised gradually. potential of copyright industries will be recognised will arise, just like the great research 18 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China reality withinthedirection andframeworkofWIPO’s Guide. Chinese the reflecting and convention international the a with accordance in both is but researchthat “Chinese” imitation mechanical a not is it course, Of nations. other from experiences research the from learns WIPO’sby given method and framework the follows China in research the industries, based In order to draw on the experiences of the studies international on the economic contributions of copyright- , it also it Guide, The Economic Contribution of

14 Guide, this study opyright-Based C hinese C of

ontributions C conomic E industries the

Analysis

hinese , and copyright-based industries can be classified intofour groups: the corecopyright Quantitative C

13 of of

efinition ndicators ndustries O I I D Indicators

, see the previous note, page 132. See also Research Guide of Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries, see the previous note, page 53-62. See also Research Guide of Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries, see the previous

These indicators, which reflect the economic status and importancemutually are complementary and widely one adopted country, by other countries. This is convenient for the of the copyright-based industries in economic the measure to indicators above the selected study this Therefore, countries. between comparison contribution of Chinese copyright-based industries. 14 13 Specifically, measuring theSpecifically, sizeof the copyright-based industries through their contribution to value-added copyright- the of contribution the identify to desire the with accords which approach industry-centered an is based industries. It reduces the chances of the surveys double underlying them) counting are readily and available value-added for many input-output countries. Employment tables importance in is the economic (and a analysis of variable productive activities and of this is major also the case with China, a country with a large population. The position of a national copyright-based industry certain tendencies in economic development. exports of a country is an indicator that may reflect in terms of the imports and 3.2.1 According to the research experience of other countries and the suggestions in adopted WIPO’s value-added, employment, exports and their shares of contribution of Chinese copyright-based industries. national data to measure the economic 3.2 According to WIPO, copyright-based industries refers to “the activities or industries where copyright can play can copyright where industries or activities “the to refers industries copyright-based WIPO, to According an identifiablerole” 3.1 3 . The target of this research is to investigate the Chinese copyright industries and to provide analysis. a quantitative bjects The core copyright industries are industries that are wholly engaged in creation, production and manufacture, manufacture, and production creation, in engaged wholly are that industries are industries copyright protected core The other and works of sales and distribution or exhibition, and communication broadcast, performance, subject matter. The production creation, interdependent the facilitate to primarily copyright or wholly is function which industries equipment of sale and are manufacture industries that are engaged in or production, use of works and other protected The subject partial matter. copyright industries are industries in which a portion of the activities is related to works and other protected subject matter and may involve creation, production and manufacture, performance, broadcast, communication and exhibition or distribution sales. and The non-dedicated support industries are industries in which a and portion matter, subject protected of other and works of sales the or distribution communication, broadcast, facilitating activities is related to copyright industries. in the core whose activities have not been included Based on the explanation provided by WIPO, the definition of Chinese copyright industries is: industries in which all, or a portion of, the activities are related to works and other protected involve subject matter creation, and production may and manufacturing, performance, broadcast, communication or and distribution exhibition and sales. industries. Meanwhile, support non-dedicated we the accept and classificationWIPO’s industries ofcopyright thepartial corethe copyright industries, industries,copyright the interdependent industries, the interdependent copyright industries, the partial copyright industries and the non-dedicated support industries. 20 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China industries in2006. 2006, which is not an economic census year, we in have had to estimate the value-added of code) Chinese copyright classification (four-digit subcategories the of data related the of lack the to survey.Due 2004 the on based 2006 in industries copyright-based the studies report this research, dynamic a of purpose the For that year. in industries copyright-based Chinese of contribution economic the surveyed and basis a as held was year value-added data of industrial subcategories, this study chose 2004 when the first national economic census Since Chinese official departments currently are not code). able(four-digitclassification tosubcategories industrial provideof level athe at comprehensive,conducted be completeshould value-added, andof systematic The calculation of the economic contribution of Chinese copyright-based industries, especially the calculation 3.2.2

Annual Data Data Annual The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China21 from those countries that have 15 Guide and the reports by some industries associations and research organisations. However, However, organisations. research and associations industries some by 17 , especially the national one, and then establishes a database to verify the 16 review

study and use of related research reports. In order to establish the target and methods, this study and use of unannounced official statistical data. With the assistance of the Census Center study and use of officially announced statistical data. This study collects and analyses the existing existing the analyses and collects study This data. statistical announced officially of use and study study of supplementary statistical data. As the official data cannot satisfy the need of the research research the of need the satisfy cannot data official the As data. statistical supplementary of study iterature M completely, this study also collects and reorganises a huge amount of unofficial statistical data, such as such data, statistical unofficial of amount huge a reorganises and collects also study this completely, reports industries relevant the The Administration State the Customs, of Administration General the Statistics, of Bureau National the of of Foreign Exchange and other industrial authorities and and commodities. industries analyses the primitive statistics of relative associations, this study collects and re- The existing available statistical data and the data which needs further collection. existing available statistical data and research research reviews the relative documents about it analyses systematically WIPO’s particularly, copyright industries both domestic and abroad; The The conducted such researches. and open statistical data L

These documents include: Zhang Xiaoming, Hu Huilin, Zhang Jiangang, ed., Report on Cultural Industry, Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, of China 2005 2005. Cui Baoguo, ed., Report on Media Industry 2006. of China 2006, Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, Hao Zhensheng, ed., Report on Press Industry 2007. of China 2006-2007, Beijing: China Book Press, Hao Zhensheng, ed., Report on Press Industry 2008. of China 2007-2008, Beijing: China Book Press, Republic of of the People’s and Publication Department of Book Publication Administration of the General Administration of Press China, Report on China Book Publication Industry 2006. 2003-2004, Beijing: China Renmin University Press, Republic of of the People’s and Publication Department of Book Publication Administration of the General Administration of Press Such documents include: Census 2004, on Economic Census of State Council, China Yearbook of the First National Economic Office for the Leading Group 2006. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2005. 2005, Beijing: China Statistics Press, of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook National Bureau 2006. 2006, Beijing: China Statistics Press, of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook National Bureau 2007. 2007, Beijing: China Statistics Press, of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook National Bureau 2008. 2008, Beijing: China Statistics Press, of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook National Bureau 2006. on Construction 2005, Beijing: China Statistics Press, of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook National Bureau Republic of China 2000, Beijing: Industry of the People’s of Statistics of China, The Data of Tertiary Census Center of National Bureau 2000. China Statistics Press, , 2006 on Technology China Statistical Yearbook of Statistics of China, The Ministry of Science and Technology, National Bureau 2006. Beijing: China Statistics Press, of Science and Technology, of Statistics of China, National Development and Reform Commission, The Ministry National Bureau 2006. on Hi-tech Industries 2006, Beijing: China Statistics Press, China Statistical Yearbook , Beijing: Department of Duty Collection of General Administration of Customs, Commodity Catalogue of Chinese Customs 2006 2006. China Customs Press, Commodity Catalogue of Chinese Department of Duty Collection of General Administration of Customs, Department of Statistics, 2007. Customs 2007, Beijing: China Customs Press, , Beijing: Department of Duty Collection of General Administration of Customs, Commodity Catalogue of Chinese Customs 2009 2009. China Customs Press, 2005, Beijing: China China Print Yearbook Press, Print and Print Equipment Industries Association of China, China Print Yearbook 2005. Press, Print Yearbook 2006, Beijing: China China Print Yearbook Press, Print and Print Equipment Industries Association of China, China Print Yearbook 2006. Press, Print Yearbook 2007, Beijing: China China Print Yearbook Press, Print and Print Equipment Industries Association of China, China Print Yearbook 2007. Press, Print Yearbook Republic of China, Annual Report of China Communication Statistics 2005, Beijing: Posts Ministry of Information Industry of People’s 2006. Press, & Telecom 2006. in Services Press, Report 2006, Beijing: China Commerce Republic of China, China Trade of the People’s Ministry of Commerce These reports include: These reports Economy. Sephen E.Siwek . Copyright Industries in the U.S. Contribution of the Copyright –Based Industries.(WIPO Publication No.624e 2006. WIPO.National Studies on Assessing the Economic WIPO Publication No.916E Tunisia.( Lebanon Moroccl Arab Countries Egypt Jordan Performance of Copyright Industries in Selected 2003. the perspective of copyright industries. view from Japan Copyright Institute.Copyright White Paper-A by The Common Law Institute of Intellectual Property. The Economic Importance of Copyright ,publish Economy. to the European The Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights (4) (3) 17 16 15 4.1 (1) 4 . ethodology (2) 22 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China GDP they create, their employment figure and the importing and exporting amounts should be included be should factor” “copyright the to amounts according proportionally.be would This exporting and importing the and figure employment their create, they the researchers, GDP of judgment the and nations different of reality the on based categories, three other the for as but 100% included be should being industries copyright core the is of contribution economic industries The measured. copyright by contribution economic the when respectively clusters industrial copyright Questionnaires WIPO’s of approach the to According 4.2 18 economic contributionofChinesecopyrightindustriesandthesimilarresearches inothernations. the between comparison a makes also report the Meanwhile, 2006. and and 2004 industries in China in copyright industries other Chinese of values added industrial the between comparison a makes report this industries, copyright-based Chinese of contribution economic the accurately more understand to order In 4.5 analysis toestablishthecopyrightfactorpreliminarily. Quantitative quantitative the continued study this were collected, fieldwork questionnairesfromand both data the After 4.4 in confirmingcopyrightfactor. used be can that data the specifically more and directlymore acquire to aimed concerned, people the with interview in-depth the and spot the productionprocesson the observing researches,as The such industries. Field The field researches were conducted in some representative companies which belong to the partial copyright 4.3 of theindustriestowhichcompaniesbelong. wererelativethat the way in such be surveyed, to chosen copyright factor identify the was collectedto data of factor and representativecompanies copyright groupssome Then associations. industrial several or authorities industrial their into the with collaborated industries copyright acquire partial the to divides study aimed This industries. mainly copyright partial questionnaires the copThe and industries these between 2005. No1:MarketAnalysisandMethodSeeking . Beijing:SocialScienceAcademic Press,Li Pin,ed.,ReportonChinaJournalIndustry ofChina2004-2005,Beijing:SocialScienceAcademic Press,Cui Baoguo,ed.,ReportonMediaIndustry 2005. House, 2006. He Zhenhu,ZhangJunchang,ed., Bluebook ofChinaRadioandTelevision Brands2005.Beijing:ChinaRadio&Television Publishing 2008. ofChina2008 , Beijing:SocialScienceAcademicPress,Zhang Xiaoming,HuHuilin,Jiangang,ed.,ReportonCulturalIndustry 2007. ofChina2007 , Beijing:SocialScienceAcademicPress,Zhang Xiaoming,HuHuilin,Jiangang,ed.,ReportonCulturalIndustry 2006,Changsha:HunanPeople’sCultural Industry PublishingHouse,2006. Institute forCulturalIndustriesofPekingUniversity, CulturalIndustryInnovation&DevelopmentAcademe,AnnualReportonChina 2005,Changsha:HunanPeople’sCultural Industry PublishingHouse,2005. Institute forCulturalIndustriesofPekingUniversity, CulturalIndustryInnovation&DevelopmentAcademe,AnnualReportonChina Ye 2004 . Changsha:HunanPeople’s Lang,ed.,ReportonChinaCultureIndustry PublishingHouse,2004. 2007-2008.Beijing:ChinaBookPress,Hao Zhensheng,ed.,AnnualReportonChinaDigitalPublishingIndustry 2008. 2005-2006.Beijing:ChinaBookPress,Hao Zhensheng,ed.,AnnualReportonChinaDigitalPublishingIndustry 2007. 2008.Beijing:ChinaBookPress,Hao Zhensheng,ed.,ReportonInternationalPublishingIndustry 2008. 2005-2006,Beijing:ChinaRenminUniversityPress,China, ReportonChinaBookPublicationIndustry 2008. page 132. can beexpressed asweighting.SeealsoResearch GuideofEconomicContributionCopyright Industries,seetheprevious note, A percentage isusedtorefer tothepartthatcanbeattributedcopyrightactivitiesin acertainactivityorindustry. Sometimesit C the comparativeresearch insteadofapplyingthestatisticsfrom thesereports. because of some problems such as the lack of authority and the statistical criteria, this study only does omparative S urvey

S Analysis tudy dfeet ttsia mtos hud e ple i te four the in applied be should methods statistical different Guide, 18 which is determined by the relationship the by determined is which The Economic Contribution of

5 . Since it is the first time that China conducts theresearch on copyright-based industries, thisreport gives an elaborate explanation of methodology before describing the economic contribution of Chinese copyrightindustries, copyright-based Chinese of scope eportthe sectors: following the includes report This industries. based the specific classification of Chinese Chinese economic copyright-based contribution industries, of the Chinese copyright-baseddirect copyright-based industries, industries, the data collectingthe international comparisons and conclusion. calculation and of 24 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China are alsousedassynonyms butwithdifferent emphases. industry content and industry creative industry,cultural industry,creative industry, cultural copyright-based of study.concept current the the from in Apart used been have meanings overlapping with concepts Many 1.1.1 1.1 . 1 r e t p a h C 22 21 20 19 industry). internet and telephone transportation, general products, based designs and house museums) measures,and the and non-dedicated projects support architectures, industries games; (general distribution and and toys retail carpets; for and copyright- wallpaper glass; and porcelains goods, household furniture; works; craft coins; and jewellery shoes, textiles, (garments, industries copyright partial the paper), used and gear,media copier,unrecordedphoto similarly camera, computer,instruments, equipments, other and consoles games electronic recorder, tape player, DVD player, CD recorder, video radio, (television, industries copyright interdependent the organisations), management collective copyright and advertisement painting, and art visual database, and TV,photography,software and broadcast video, and film production, drama opera, music, work, literary and (news industries copyright roles,core greatthe play including can copyright the which in industries or activities the to refer industries Copyright-based industries. copyright-based of classification and definition the agreedon ultimately experts group,the work WIPO’sby Helsinki in conferenceheld a in 2002, differentIn with categories. but studies their in industries” distribution copyright industries and the the copyright related industries, industries. Many copyright countries had adopted partial the concept the of “copyright-based industries, copyright core the as classified were releasedEconomy.and US the reportin the Industries Copyright-Based of report,this In industries copyright Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) started the study of the economic contribution of copyright-based industry The concept of copyright-based industry was first put forward by the United States. In 1990, the International 1.1.1.1 copyright plays an identifiable role”. identifiable an plays copyright and soon. in classification their studies, this such as Canada, Austria, Russia, Ukraine, Singapore, the Philippines, the Netherlands, adopted Hungary also countries other many later and WIPO, of classification the use to began by copyright laws.” copyright by activities by individuals or industries related to the works having copyright and directly or indirectly controlled based industries, some scholars propose that “copyright-based industries refer copyright- to Chinese of definition the the of terms productiveIn up. or started by have and studies provincial and operative national advocated some NCA, survey years, recent any In industries. conducted copyright of never contribution economic had the They on research quantitative industries. copyright-based Chinese of concept or the countries other discussed from results research the introduced only had professionals Chinese study, this Before based industriesinaccordance withthedefinitionofWIPO’s Guide. copyright- Chinese of definition proposethe to intends Therefore,study laws. this copyright or copyright relatedto closely not are themselves products the objects, protected copyright serve to is industries these of function major the though even because excluded are industries copyright interdependent the WIPO’sdefinition, by established scope the cover to able not are they

See alsoResearchGuideof EconomicContributionofCopyright-based Industries,seetheprevious note,page132. Li Mingde,“Copyright IndustriesandKnowledgeEconomy”, IntellectualProperty,2000(1). See Table 16. See alsoResearchGuideofEconomicContribution ofCopyrightIndustries,seetheprevious note,page38.

Current definition Current Definition of Copyright-Based Industries Copyright-Based of Definition D efinition 20

s e i r t s u d n I D

of d e s a B - t h g i r y p o C e s e n i h C f o e p o c S d n a n o i t i n i f e 21 C WIPO’s hinese C defined the copyright-based industries as “activities or industries where industries or “activities as industries copyright-based the defined Guide opyright-Based 22 hs to ocps oh mhss te oe f cprgt but “copyright” of role the emphasise both concepts two These I ndustries . For example, according to the above the to according example, For Guide. 19 rm 04 h Uie States United the 2004 From The Economic Contribution of

26 At present, culture 24 The definition of cultural industries made by UNESCO by made industries cultural of definition The Culture and Culture-Related Industrial Classification” 25 , “Culture “Culture Classification, Industrial Culture-Related and Culture

23 on.

Definition of Cultural Industries Definition of Creative Industries

indicates that, in a broad sense, culture is the sum of all physical and intellectual products created created products intellectual and physical all of sum the is culture sense, broad a in that, indicates Circular See previous note. See previous See Culture and Culture-Related Industrial Classification. , China Economy Press, p.23. See Zhang Jingcheng, Chinese Creative Industries Report 2007, China Economy Press, , ed. Developing Strategies”, Annual Report for Chinese Cultural Industries Zhang Guoyou, “ Cultural Industries Need Correct Development Base (Changsha: Hunan Institute of Cultural Industries of Peking University & State Cultural Industrial Innovation and Publishing House, 2006) 6. People’s

usually refers to the theories and studies of applicative cultural industries. It is the study of the production, industries. cultural of communication and distribution Apart from the different definitions made by different countries, even professionals and art groups may have may groups art and professionals even countries, different by made definitions different the from Apart their own understandings on creative industries. However, the various definitions basically agree thatcreative industries are based on the the emphasising creator the and personal designer, creativity of the creator and meanwhile concerningthe policy plan of each country. The definition made in Shanghai’s Outlineindustries taking of the creative ideas, the Eleventhskills Five-Yearand advanced technique, and production to and value-added bring they activities, other creative of series intellectual a Through forand core. Plan the as factors knowledge- intensive Creative Industries is the consumption, and generate fortune and job opportunities to the They society. mainly include research and fashion consumption. and arts, consultancy and development, culture In China, the concept of creative industries has been frequently used and some cities have even issued a series a issued even have cities some and used frequently been has industries creative of concept the China, In National for Plan Five-Year Eleventh the of Outline The industries. creative the develop to plans or policies of Economic and Social Development of Beijing points out economy. It that is an the industry creative creating fortune industry and job is opportunities also by making called use skills of creative and with talent. personal The creativity, creative industries intellectual include advertisement, art architecture, and properties service and so on. music, performance, publishing, information antique, comics, films, TV, The by human beings; in a narrow to sense, According culture ideology. other only and arts refers literature, to the intellectual products including language, which defined the scope and classification of Chinese cultural industries in terms of statistics. This definition industries cultural and business cultural Chinese regulating and defining for both reference valuable provides as well as for copyright industries. the for services or products entertaining and cultural providing activities the are industries” culture-based and to such activities. general public, and the collection of activities relating 26 24 25 23 Cultural industry is a “historically comprehensive concept with changes, multi-dimensions, multi-levels and capacity”. According to the statistics, there are more than 500 definitions for culture. 1.1.1.3 The concept of creative industries was first proposed by the United Kingdom. In Creative Industries Mapping Mapping Industries Creative In Kingdom. United the by proposed first was industries creative of concept The Document, UK, 1998, the “creative industries” concept has been set out as those enterprises getting impetus the from individual’s creativity, skills and talent, and those fortune and job opportunities by exploiting activities intellectual properties. The definition made by the that UK has been can bring about potential the basis of the classification of creative industries ofmany other countries. Almost all classifications have arts & antique, crafts, design, fashion design, to 13 forms, such as advertisement, architecture, been related software design, film & video, interactive leisure software, music, performance, publishing, TV & broadcast and so 1.1.1.2 The definition and exploitations of Chinese cultural industries are also various. In April 2004, the National Bureau of Statistics of China issued the “Circular On is that cultural industries are a series of activities producing, re-producing and distributing the cultural products products cultural the distributing and re-producing producing, activities of series a are industries cultural that is and services in accordance with industrial standards. The cultural industries include printing, publishing and architecture, the countries some in design; and arts production, film and recording audio-visual, multimedia, visual art and performances, sports, musical instruments production, advertisement and media, cartoons, entertainment, cultural games, tourism, education, internet tourism, and information service, music, opera also included. and art museum are 26 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China parts ofpartialcopyrightindustriesaswell. some includes it and industries copyright inter-dependence resembles service culture relative the industry; We can see from the above classification that the scope of core culture is similar to that of the core copyright and saleofculturalproducts, equipmentandculture-related products. cultural entertainment and other cultural services; the culture-related industrial level includes the production culture, web to refers level surrounding the arts; TV, and broadcast, film services, copyright and publishing services, news includes industries cultural of corelevel The culture-relatedlevel. the industrial and industries Cultural industries classification forms the core level of cultural industries, the surrounding level of the cultural services andculturalentertainment.Theseactivitiesare supplementsofculturalindustries. communication cultural products, cultural the to relate directly that equipment) audio player,and recorder (e.g. equipments for interviewing and editing of news, professional video, film, printing, television, CD-ROM equipments and machine) recreational film, equipment, photographic film, cine tape, paper,blank writing industries also include the production and sale of the articles (e.g. stationary, instruments, toys, printing paper, and so on). These activities are the main body of sports cultural entertainment, indoor industries. service, tourist Besides (tourism, leisure cultural that, TV,and and museums) the performances, cultural and culture-based providing cultural products (e.g. books, activities video/audio the products), includes industries culture-based cultural and communication cultural of services scope (e.g. the definition, broadcast above the to According 28 27 based industry, theyshare somecommonpointsasfollows copyright- of definitions diverse have differentcountries Though protection. copyright of importance the of own functions. The copyright-based industry, as a legal concept, emphasises on promoting social awareness overlap each other and they share similar contents. However each of them enjoys a different focus and has its The description of WIPO and definitions by different countries show that the connotations of these concepts 1.1.2 phrases the functions, copyright where industries and WIPO’snotion, mentioned above the discussing When 1.1.1.4 culture industry industry culture (1) related to copyright in the national economy. The core of this industry is copyright. The purpose of such of purpose The copyright. studies istomeasure itsinfluenceontheeconomy.is industry this of core The economy. national the in copyright to related industries of collection a only sector,but industrial new a not is industry” Consequently,“copyright-based (3) (2) and similar‘highart’activities’’. heritage cultural performance, live Traditionally,to relativeindividuals. or is by producedusage productions its shows live including industry,culture besides production arts and cultural all includes it for way,broad media. mass of production the with related always is usage the industry

See thepreface, theprevious ofGuidetotheEconomic ContributionofCopyright-based Industry note,p14. See GuideonSurveying theEconomicContribution oftheCopyright-basedIndustries, theprevious note,page24.

Definition of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries Copyright-Based Chinese of Definition Notions Mentioned above the of Definition WIPO’s It In All industry andprovide quantitativeanalysis. researches existing WIPO’sand the thus etc.), behaviour, pirate of evaluation the itself, copyright of influence and iscomprehensive andthe copyright of production multiple, related toallsectorsofthecreation: production, distributionandconsumption. influence boththe economic to The works. of related consuming is and publishing influence This economic economy. the on influences based industriesandalsoabasistodistinguishitsconcept from others’. normally are rights These works. protected the regarded as economic rights. use A copyright legal system is a prerequisite to for the existence of copyright- people other authorise to rights exclusive ees o hs ta ue nutil cl t cp pout o poon clua cnoain and connotation cultural profound of products copy to scale industrial use that those to refers is difficult to assess the overall influence of copyright on the economy (including the economic the (including economy the on copyright of influence overall the assess to difficult is the process of using copyrighted works, copyright shows its economic functions and its multiple its and functions economic its shows copyright works, copyrighted using of process the countries have defined copyright and related rights which entitle the copyright owner with the with owner copyright the entitle which rights related and copyright defined have countries are used as synonyms. However we must be aware of the differencesawarethe be of them. must among we However synonyms. areas used are limited to research into the economic contribution of copyright-based of contribution economic the into research to limited are Book Guide 27

points out “when mentioning activities mentioning “when out points Book Guide and industry creative copyright, on based industry 28 : shall be understood in a in understood be shall industry Creative Culture The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China27 in Collective Agreement on Berne Convention Berne and the century. Passed in 1986, The century. st Protection Regulation on Internet Information Information Internet on Regulation Protection Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China was Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software in August 2002. The state council also issued

They are the starting points of copyright property classification 30 in December 2004 and 2004 December in roperty P meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People Congress th opyright C Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software in December 2001 and new Guide , Book this research defines China’s copyright-based industry as industries in hinese C of

Understanding the issue of the basic legal notions (works protected by copyright law and property property and law copyright by protected (works notions legal basic the of issue the Understanding 29 cope S Chinese Copyright Legal AnSystem Overview of the Chinese Copyright Legal System

, international publisher union, 1988. Quote from the preface of Guide to Jennifer Skilbeck, The Economic Importance of Copyright, international the preface publisher union, 1988. Quote from p 14. the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based Industry, Refer to the preface of Guide to the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based Industry note, p14. Refer to the preface , the previous succession in 1991. The 24 Management of Copyright Regulations Copyright of Management and the border lines of copyright property scope as well. Only when an activity is related to copyright, can it scope as well. Only when an activity is related lines of copyright property and the border be will industries such of contribution economical the else or property, copyright of scope the into enlisted be exaggerated. So long as an activity is related to copyright–, whether in part or in whole, it shall be enlisted into the scope of copyright otherwise property, the economical contribution of such the industries from started be will shall property copyright be low China’s of scope the of determination the result, a As estimated. copyright law. China’s copyright property: understanding of legal foundation of held by copyright owner) in copyright protection will help to build better assumptions as to which economic economic which to as assumptions better build to help will protection copyright in owner) copyright by held activities should be studied and surveyed. issued in September 1990 The and state came council into issued the force and next implemented year. the PRC Copyright Law Implementing Regulations and General Principles of the Civil Law Republic of of the China People’s admits for the first time that copyright is enjoyed by every citizen and legal person. The 29 30 1.2.1.1 The new Chinese modern copyright system began in the late 1970s of the 20 1.2.1 Since the copyright industries are industries in which all, or a portion of, the activities are related to copyright to related are activities the of, portion a or all, which in industries are industries copyright the Since law, the scope of copyright industries should be based on copyright the law. protection “Copyright of is these rights about constitutes rights the essential and basis for building entire industries and their related activities.” 1.2 which all, or a portion of, the activities are related to works and other protected involve creation, production and manufacturing, subject performance, broadcast, communication and matter exhibition or and may distribution and sales. Based on the above consensus and with reference to the definitionindustry and classification in of copyright-based WIPO’s When strengthening domestic legislation, China as also positively such develops conventions the multi- copyright and internationalbi-lateral copyright important several joined has China cooperation. Spreading Right in May 2006. for the Protection of Literary and Convention for Artistic Protection of Works, Audio the Recordings against universal Unauthorized Duplication copyright convention, the International Through Through 30 years of efforts, China has established a regulations modern related the copyright and legal core system the as suited law copyright to takes the which rules, Chinese international to and conditions actual and international conventions as a compliment. This has laid foundations for the development of Chinese copyright-based industries. Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Aspects Trade-related reviewed reviewed and approved the amendment to copyright property in October 2001, based on which the state council issued the new PRC Copyright Law Implementing Regulations 28 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) and regulations, therightsenjoyedbycopyrightownersoverabovementionedworksincludes: laws Chinese with accordance In transaction. for framework legal a with owners right the provideproperty (8) (7) (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) Based on the above mentioned laws and regulations, the works protected by copyright law in China includes: 1.2.1.2 31 Intellectual property is a kind of property that takes rights as its object 1.2.1.3 (9)

Zhen Chengsi,OnIntellectualProperty Law,Press. October, 2003.P 64.

Works protected by Chinese copyright law copyright Chinese by protected Works Copyright owners’ exclusive rights vested by Chinese copyright law copyright Chinese by vested rights exclusive owners’ Copyright public right right right right right of aworkbyvariousmeans; or re-recording video-recording, audio-recording, rubbing, hand, photographing; by copying photocopying, projectors oranyothertechnicaldevices; overhead projectors, film through production film of methods analogous by created work any and art andphotography; except anycomputersoftware thatisnotthemainsubjectmatterofrental; software, computer and production film of method analogous an of virtue by created works works, a workthoughsaleorothertransferofownership; Other worksaspr and shape Computer softwar the of basis the on scale certain structure ofobjects,forpurposesdisplay, testingorobservation,etc. a to made works three-dimensional means works” “model things; of structures or principles the illustrate or phenomena geographical reflect that etc., drawings, schematic maps, as well as purposes engineering or work construction for made are that “Graphic appropriate of means withorwithout by equipment; communicated frames, otherwise of or series projected ofa are which sound, andconsisting accompanying medium acertain on filmed works means “Cinematographic sensitive orothermaterialswiththeaidofdevices; “Photographic are expressed informofbuildingsorstructures; works of calligraphy and sculptures; “works of architecture” means works with aesthetic effect which the plastic arts created in lines, colors or other media which impart aesthetic effect, such as paintings, W body movementsandskills,suchasacrobatics, magicandcircus; through expressed works means works” “acrobatic etc.; movements, facial gestures, movements, body successive through expressed be can or are feelings and ideas which in works means works” “choreographic both; by or singing, or recitation by performed mainly are which novels) on based telling (story “pingshu” and accompaniment) drum with singing (ballad “dagu” talk), (clapper shu” “kuai talk), (cross “xiangsheng” traditional as works such local means works” and “quyi performance; stage operas for operas dramas, as works such means works” be “dramatic can performed; which or words, sung accompanying without or with works, symphonic and songs as works such Musical speeches, lectures andcourt debates; “Oral theses; “W orks of fine arts and architecture. “Works of fine arts” means two- or three-dimensional works of three-dimensional works or two- means architecture. arts” and fine “Works arts of fine of orks ritten works” which means works expressed in written form, such as fictions, poems, prose and prose poems, fictions, as such form, written in expressed works means which works” ritten of showing, that is the right to show to the public a work of fine art, photography, cinematography of rental, that is the right to authorise, with payment, others to temporarily use cinematographic of reproduction,of moreor printing, one like make means to by right work the a is of that copies of distribution, that is the right to make available to the public the original or reproductionsor of original the public the to available make to right the is that distribution, of of exhibition, that is the right to publicly display the original or reproduction of a work of fine of work a reproductionof or original the display publicly to right the is that exhibition, of performance, that is the right to publicly perform a work and publicly broadcast the performance ok” hc mas ok epesd n om f pkn agae sc a impromptu as such language, spoken of form in expressed works means which works” ok, ui ok, hrorpi wrs n arbtc wrs “uia wrs means works” “Musical works. acrobatics and works choreographic works, quyi works, works” which means drawings of engineering designs and drawings of product designs product of drawings and designs engineering of drawings means which works” works” which means artistic works created by recording images of objects on light- on objects of images recording by created works artistic means which works” ovided forinlawsandadministrativerulesregulations. e; ok ad ok cetd y poes nlgu t cnmtgah” which cinematography” to analogous process a by created works and works 31 and all the rights under the intellectual The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China29 eate a new original work; eate a new original . 33 of communication of information on networks, that is the right to communicate to the public of compilation, that is the right to compile works or parts of works into a new work by reason of making cinematographic works, that is the right to fixate a work on a carrier by way of film of translation, that is the right to translate a work in one language into one in another language; another in one into language one in work a translate to right the is that translation, of

of selection or arrangement; entitled to enjoy any other rights a copyright owner is right analogous method of film production; or by virtue of an production to cr that is the right to change a work right of adaptation, right right br right works these access may public the of members that way a such in means wireless or wire by work, a individually chosen by them; a place and at a time from means, to communicate to means the and work or public to a by relay communicate broadcast wire to the public a broadcast work by a loudspeaker or by any other analogous pictures; symbols, sounds or tool used to transmit 32 Copyright Market within the Chinese Legal Framework

Refer to the preface of Guide to the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based IndustryRefer to the preface , p 22.

. 2000. Intellectual Property Li Minde, Copyright-based Industry and Knowledge Economy,

Through Through the above activities, copyright performs involves many rights, with values determined economic market by factors. different The rights may operate differently functions. with scope Usually their and rights the positioning an in help may table indicative economic following The markets. different transaction the in in which they operate. the markets of products to respect 33 32 Besides, China’s copyright law has also stipulated the neighbouring rights: publisher rights, performer rights, performer rights, publisher rights: neighbouring the stipulated also has law copyright China’s Besides, term. rights and their protection rights, broadcaster’s producer’s sound or visual recording A copyright owner may authorise another remuneration. A copyright person owner may assign, in to part or years in fifty whole, and exercise author the the above of mentioned lifetime the rights the be and shall work receive a of right above the for protection of term The mentioned remuneration. rights and receive after his or her death. 1.2.2 frameworks. legal with transactions economical provided have works from arising rights mentioned above The In daily life “the the economic beginning characteristics have from been the manifested process throughout of work creation to its using and transmission”. The copyright law directly protects economic the gain to is authors’ purpose primary their economic works, the of users the for as live; them of most which on interest, book from or transmitting whether the by interest, works. reproducing A large number of people in society, publishers to newspaper-magazine offices,from movie producers to audio-visualbroadcasting products television stations from makers, to satellite broadcasting industries, as retailers, well magazine as retailers book and retailers, audio-visual newspaper products retailers, works. all rely on the transactions of copyright (13) (10) (11) (12) (9) (7) wireless by work a public the to communicate or broadcast publicly to right the is that oadcasting, (8) 30 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China other three categories“non-core copyrightindustries”forconvenience. the calls report this three, other the differentfrom quite are they and categories three other the than more copyright on rely copyright industries copyright core partial the Since industries. the copyright non-dedicated industries, the and industries copyright interdependent the industries, copyright core the as industries WIPO’s in provided methods the adopted has research This partial copyrightindustriesandnon-dedicatedsupportforprimaryclassification. and practice, the WIPO experts highly suggest core copyright industries, interdependent copyright industries, Table 1: 34 ratios. The existing researches have provided several different classifying methods. different per as contribution economic their estimate to as so copyright on activities industry the of degree dependence the to according categories reasonable into researched be to industries the Secondly,classify related toworksandotherprotected subjectmatterwhichcanbeeconomicallyjustified. of values economic relevant view all incorporate to In try should one etc. study the of comprehensiveness advertisers, the maximizing manufacturers, equipment users, distributors, the right-holders, the creators, the of those – economy the on copyright of effects multiple the from resulting activities the study Firstly,a copyright-based industry, avoidingeitheroverorlowestimating. the of contribution economic the estimate accurately and fully to as so industry categories its copyright-based classifying and the scope determining when consideration into another. from taken Consequently, one be vary shall may elements following the theinfluence though economy, the on influence direct have activities these of all and works, the of distribution the to production or creation the from phase each for provideslaw protectionThe well. as consumption and distribution the but works productionthe the of only not concerns which economy the on influence great a has copyright that table above the from see can We

computer software works; modelworksand cinematography; graphic a processanalogousto and workscreatedby cinematographic works photographic works; and architecture; works offinearts acrobatics works; choreographic and works; musical,quyi, Written works;oral

Refer tothepreface, p37. ofGuidetotheEconomic ContributionofCopyright-based Industry Types ofworks

Market ScopeofCopyright-BasedIndustrieswithintheChineseCopyrightLegalSystem Right ofbroadcasting performance Right ofpublic the public Right ofcommunicationto Right ofdistribution Right ofreproduction Right transmissions intendedforpublicreception. means intendedforpublicreception.Itembracesalsosatellite Transmission ofworksthroughwirelessandnon-interactive (including bymeansofrecordingsandphonograms). Live performancesofworksinthepresencepublic networks. transmission bycableandthemakingavailableofworksindigital public outsidetheplacewhereperformanceismade, including therelayingofaperformancetomembers communication means.Itmightembraceabroadfieldofactivities Relaying ofworksbyanydistantcommunicationorinteractive programs. Itmightalsocovertheimportationoncopies. works, includedinphonograms,audiovisualcomputer even lendingofcopiessuchcategoriesworksasmusical Dissemination ofphysicalcopies,resale,saleandrental, also covertheadaptationofworks. Reproduction ofworksinamaterialornon-materialform.Itmight wih s o iie hns copyright Chinese divide to is which Guide, Scope oftheMarket 34 After repeated discussion The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China31 . Guide in WIPO’s provided 36 Guide, the official statistical data is the foundation for List of Statistical Commodities for Customs of People’s Republic of 35 Refer to the scope of copyright-based industry in Table 2 for the description of Method pecific Classifications of Chinese Copyright-Based classes. I n d u s t r i e s S

lassification C Copyright-Based Industries Classification Corresponding to International Balance of Payment Classification Copyright-Based Industries Classification Corresponding to Commodity Classification for Customs Copyright-Based Industry Classification Corresponding to National Economic Industrial Classification

Refer to the preface of Guide to the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based IndustryRefer to the preface , p 67. of Guide to the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based IndustryRefer to the preface , p 113.

36 35 Considering that there is no officialExchange service trade Foreign exportsof data ofAdministration theState industrialthe subcategoriesof issued bypayment the of balance international the Bureau, Statistical State should be used to measure the service trade exports of copyright-based industries. Based on the scope of 2.1.3 2.1.2 Bureau, Statistical State the by issued subcategories industrial the of data export no is there that Considering the Customs statistics shall be adopted when measuring the total commodity trade exports of the copyright industries. Based on the scope of copyright-based industry in 2, Table this study has selected 220 types of four-digit code commodities from the China to calculate the export of copyright-based industries. In order to increase the international also comparability checked of the the above result industry in classes this one with the United States Industry Classification (ISIC) codes corresponding by research, one the based researchers on have the national industry classification codes This report is based on the National Standard (GB/T4754—2002) which was issued by the State Statistical Bureau in the year of 2002 and classification standard, the was Chinese national economy shall adopted beclassified into during 19 sections, 94 divisions, the 395 economic census groups and in 912 2004. According to the industry classes in this report. Of the 912 classes of industries, 225 copyright-based have industry been research enlisted (industry into classes the scope that of appear repeatedly in different ratio). counted by the respective categories shall be The increasing value of metrology industry and the employment number are mainly based on the statistics issued by the State Statistical Bureau. As a result, the classification of copyright-based industry on the basis 2 shall of with correspond copyright the law industry in classificationTable of the State Statistical so Bureau data for statistical calculation. as to gain the relative 2.1.1 The specific classification of the industry and the data collectionprocess acquisition. are closely Therefore linked the with the copyright-based data industry copyright-based the research, this of industry aims the For statistics. of kinds various must for systems classification be subdivided according to different two types: shall be classified into the following national All the data in this body study for is the not based calculation only on the national direct statistics which are of economic contribution of Chinese copyright industries but also or the estimation. main As basis has for been pointed indirect out calculation in WIPO’s After the categorisation in accordance with methods, WIPO’s the four categories should be subdivided for calculation. researches of national grade, for this data is released regularly and enjoys high reliability which contributes to the international comparison. 2.1 C h a p t e r 2 . 32 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China graphic worksandmodelworks”. architecture, and arts fine of “works into arts” graphic “visual the thirdly,change works”; acrobatics and the “musical, theatrical production and opera works” into “musical works, quyi works, choreographic works industries as follows: firstly, change the “press and literature works” into “written works”; secondly, change China’s in works of classification the on Based law, copyright of classification WIPO this the research adjusts and databases;visualgraphicarts;advertisingservicescopyrightcollectivemanagementassociation. production and opera works; motion picture industry; radio and television; photography; computer software groupsnine adopt coreof research,the into industries bestsuit pressnamely literatureand theatrical musical, works; to proposes that WIPO methods, and theindustries researches different on Based industries. choosing copyright when core of considered definition the first be shall copyright of protection the on rely and production and other protected subject matters. It is suggested creation,in WIPO’sworks the of sales and in distribution or engaged exhibition and wholly communication broadcast, are performance, manufacturing, which industries are industries copyright core The 2.2.1 2.2 Balance ofPaymenttomeasure theservicetradeexportsofcopyright-basedindustries. International of Handbook the from categories 4 selected study this Table2, in industries copyright-based 37 WIPO’s in definition the to According 2.2.2 as follows groups 9 mentioned above the of subdivision instructive proposed has WIPO principles, these to According (4) (3) (2) (1) subdividing thecore copyrightindustries. television organisations;(3) independent producers; (4) cableTV; (5)satelliteTV; (6)relative service. and radio other (2) companies; broadcasting television and radio national (1) include: television and Radio and videos;(3)filmprojection; (4)leaseandsaleofvideotapes, includingorder program; (5) relative service. films productiondirectorsof (2) writers, issue performers; play and pictureand (1) Motion includes: industry word arts, (5) phonograms; music of creation andnarration;(6)performancerelative organisations. retail and wholesale (4) phonograms; music of manufacturing and production (3) works; musical of publishing and printing (2) members; staff other and performers directors, Musical, theatrical production and opera works include: (1) composers, song writers, adapters, choreographers, and literature works;(10)libraries. newspaper agencies of retail and wholesale (9) materials; advertising news and magazines books, of proofpress after (3) and newspaper; (2) translator; and author writer,(4) (1) include: works literature and Press

, thepreviousRefer totheGuideEconomic ContributionofCopyright-based Industry note,p41.

magazines;

The Definition and Categorisation of Core Copyright Industries Copyright Core of Categorisation and Definition The Classification of Core Copyright Industries Copyright Core of Classification T In Since All The copyright materialsshallbetakenintoaccountbythecore copyrightindustries. industries shallfigure aspertotheratioof100%. copyright core the of contribution economic the copyright, the by protected objects other or works by thecopyright. and exhibition) and tangible communication(distribution,saleandservice)aswell. communicating broadcast, (performance, communication intangible the but he 37 the distribution industries, only those industry shares that are totally engaged in the distribution of activities of the core copyright industries shall be related to the works or other objects protected objects other or works the to related be shall industries copyright core the of activities S : core copyright industries encompass not only the production (creation, making and manufacture) pecific the core copyright industries would be greatly different or even would not exist without the without exist not would even or different greatly be would industries copyright core the (5) book publishing; (6) greeting cards and maps; (7) directory and other press work; (8) pre-(8) presswork; other directoryand (7) maps; greetingcardsand (6) publishing; book (5) C lassi f cation

of C ore , the following principles should be followed with care when care with followed be should principles following the Guide, C opyright I ndustries Guide that the final products list which mostly The Economic Contribution of

ndustries I opyright C nterdependent I of

lassification C pecific S he T Classification of Interdependent Copyright Industries Definition of Interdependent Copyright Industries

In accordance with the subdivision of interdependent copyright corresponding to the industrial industries, classification for national economic activities there (classes that appearrepeatedly are 52 industry classes in different categories shall be counted by their respective ratio). See Appendix 22). 1 Similarly (Table there 23). 1 (Table to commodity classification for customs. See Appendix classes corresponding 58 industry are This type of industries varies from the core copyright industries in that the former come under the copyright- the under come former the that in industries copyright core the from varies industries of type This copyright. enjoy themselves products the because not products, the of application the to due industry based The partial interdependent copyright industries encompass the production, wholesale and retail (sale rent) and of the following equipment: photographic the use of the copyright. also to promote functions are Their main material and paper. recording and cinematographic instruments, photocopiers, blank 2.3.2 The core interdependent copyright industries encompass the rent) production, of the wholesale following equipment: and TV sets, radios, retail VCRs, CD (sale players, DVD and players, tape readers, electronic game equipment and other similar equipment, computer and relative equipment, and musical instruments. This group of products is normally consumed together with the products of core copyright consequently are industries. products These sets. TV without communicated be not could programs For television example, of copyright”. called “hardware Based on their supporting degree to the core copyright industries, the interdependent copyright industries can be further divided into core interdependent copyright industries and partial interdependent copyright industries. 2.3.1 Interdependent copyright industries are industries engaged protected other and works of use or production in creation, the facilitate to is function main whose equipment the production, manufacture and sale of subject matters. 2.3 In accordance with the above classification, this study proposes the classification of Chinese core copyright industries ratio). respective their corresponding by counted be shall categories different to in repeatedly appear that (classes subcategories the National Economic See Appendix 1 20) Industrial (Table for detailed information. Similarly it Classification,has sorted out the structure of includingChina copyright core industry classification corresponding to commodity classification for customs, including 18 types 72 industrial of four figure code commodities. See Appendix 1 21). (Table Besidesexclusive that, database), and four (software service categoriesinformation and computer inthe are international that system payment of balance right fees (copyright), advertisement and publicity, filmcopyright industries. and audio/visual form the service trade of core Copyright collective management & services include copyright collective management association (excluding association management collective copyright include services & management collective Copyright sales volume). Advertising services include advertisements agencies publishing cost). and purchasing service (excluding advertisements Visual graphic arts include: (1) artists; (2) galleries and other wholesalers, retailers; (3) frame and other relative relative other and frame (3) retailers; wholesalers, other and galleries (2) artists; (1) include: arts graphic Visual design. service; (4) graphic Computer software and databases include: wholesale (1) and of retail video program, (commercial software pre-installed games, education etc.); program, planning, programming and designing; publishing. and (3) database processing (2) production, Photography includes: (1) studio and commercial photography; (2) photo agencies and libraries. (2) photo photography; and commercial includes: (1) studio Photography 34 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China respective ratio). See Appendix 1 (Table 24). There are 170 industry classes corresponding to commodity to corresponding classes classification forcustoms.SeeAppendix1(Tableindustry 25). 170 are There 24). (Table 1 Appendix See ratio). respective their by counted be shall categories different in repeatedly appear that (classes activities economic national for classification industrial the to corresponding industries copyright partial in classes industry 94 are There and engineering architecture, games; and toys surveying; interiordesignandmuseums. carpets; and coverings wall glass; and household furniture; chinaware crafts; goods, other coins; and jewellery footwear; and textiles apparel, are category this in According to the classification in WIPO’s 2.4.2 communication andexhibitionordistributionsales. protected subject matters and may involve creation, productionother and and manufacturing, works performance, to broadcast, related is activities their of portion a which in industries are industries copyright Partial 2.4.1 2.4 38 Table 2: for nationaleconomicactivities.Seetheattachment1(Table 26)fordetailedinformation. There are 42 industry classes in non-dedicated support industries corresponding to the industrial classification industrydistributecopyrightworks. and Internet industry,telephone transportation industry,general retail and wholesale general including industries These 2.5.2 industries andotherindustries. spillover the calculate industries These effect industries. that is away from the core copyright copyright industries and their functions are core shared by both copyright-based the in included been not have whose activities and matter, subject protected other and works of sales or distribution communication, broadcast, facilitating to related is activities the of portion a which in industries are industries support Non-dedicated 2.5.1 2.5

copyright industries Interdependence industries Core copyright , thepreviousRefer totheChapter 4oftheGuidetoEconomic ContributionofCopyright-based Industry note,p37.

Classification Classification of Partial Copyright Industries Copyright Partial of Classification Industries Copyright Partial of Definition Classification of Non-Dedicated Support Industries Support Non-Dedicated of Classification Industries Support Non-Dedicated of Definition

T T Classification ofCopyright-BasedIndustry he he S S pecific pecific C C lassification lassification subject matters. or useofworksandotherprotected to facilitatethecreation,production equipment whosemainfunction is production, manufactureandsale of are industriesengagedinthe Interdependent copyrightindustries subject matters. of worksandotherprotected exhibition ordistributionandsales broadcast, communicationand and manufacturing,performance, engaged inthecreation,production are industrieswhichwholly The corecopyrightindustries

of of Definition P N artial on- Guide Book, the main products and 10 groups of industries involved D edicated C opyright 38 I ndustries I ndustries paper instruments; photocopiers;blank recordingmaterialand instruments; photographicandcinematographic equipment; computerandrelative equipment;musical readers, electronicgameequipment andothersimilar TV sets,radios,VCRs,CDplayers,DVDtape copyright collectivemanagementandservices databases; visualgraphicarts;advertisingservicesand and television;photography;computersoftware productions (includingtheatricalandoperas);radio press andliterature;motionpictureindustry;musical Specific Categories The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China35 apparel, textiles and footwear; jewellery and coins; other apparel, textiles and footwear; goods, chinaware and glass; crafts; furniture; household toys and games; architecture, wall coverings and carpets; interior design; and museums engineering and surveying; general retail industry, general wholesale and and telephone and Internet transportation industry industry that distribute copyright works Partial copyright industries are Partial copyright industries of the industries in which a portion works and activities is related to matters. other protected subject industries Non-dedicated support a portion of are industries in which to facilitating the activities is related broadcast, communication, works and distribution or sales of and other protected subject matter, whose activities have not been included in the core copyright industries. Classification of Copyright (continued) Classification

Non-dedicated support Non-dedicated support industries Partial copyright industries Table 2: Table 36 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China (3) (2) drawing conclusionsfrom the research results inothercountries. be established by doing research and analysis on Chinese copyright industries as well as comparing with and only can standard the so China, in factors copyright on research data little is There factors. other the from by to what extent the industries depend on copyright, that is the copyright factors should be strictly separated GDP they create, employment figure and the copyright share of import and export volume are all determined core In statistics. copyright industries, 100% in are differentconsidered to quite be copyright arefactors; while in industries non-core copyright copyright industries, the non-core and industries copyright core Guide, parts: the collection and calculation of basic data and the selection of copyright factors. According to WIPO’s The data collection and calculation of the economic contribution of Chinese copyright industries include two . 3 r e t p a h C second orthethird industryandtheindustrialvalue-added ofthesecondandthird industryin2006. the of those in value-added industrial of proportion the both on based industries these of 2006 for added the on based 2004 related industrial in statistics gathered industries from the these Economic Census of 2004. We value-added then or estimated industrial the Bureauindustrial the value- Census calculated first the we by bodies, provided governing be cannot value-added of statistics the which for industries those For bodies, thedataprovided bythosedepartmentsare usedasindustrialvalue-addedinthisstudy. For those industries for which the statistics of value-added can be provided by the Census Bureau or governing current prices. with industries copyright of subcategories the on based mainly is value-added industrial of calculation The 3.1.2.1 3.1.2 (1) this in used data the of most So research. level research are from officialsources. Themajorsources nation are asfollows: such of basis the is data official above, stated As 3.1.1 and values export other indirect datausedforcalculatingtheabovestatisticswhenitisimpossibletocollectthem. employees, of number Basic the industries, copyright of value-added the includes data Basic 3.1 (6) (5) (4)

The calculation of industrial value-added industrial of calculation The Methods Calculation Data the of Source Statistics The The Relevant Publishing House,compiledbythePRCBureau ofStatistics. China the OfficeofLeadingGroup forChineseFirstEconomicCensusoftheStateCouncil. China Office. Bureau ofStatistics. and Television andtheGeneralAdministrationofPress andPublication. Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Culture, the State Administration of Radio, Film 8-digit-level statistics of 2004 and 2006 import and export goods acquired from Customs Head Customs fromacquired goods export and import 2006 and 2004 of statistics 8-digit-level ttsis f 04 cnmc ess curd rm h Eooi Cnu Cne i te State the in Center Census Economic the from acquired census economic 2004 of statistics D Economic Census Yearbook 2004 and other statistics yearbooks in each year published by China Statistical China by published year each in yearbooks statistics other Yearbookand Statistics ata

industrial statistics for 2004 and 2006 provided bodies by such governing as the Ministry of of 2004 and 2006 service trade acquired from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. s e i r t s u d n I d e s a B - t h g i r y p o C e s e n i h C f o n o i t u b i r t n o C D c i m o n o c E e h t f o n o i t a l u c l a C d n a n o i t c e l l o C a t a published by China Statistical Publishing House, compiled by The Economic Contribution of

Calculating Methods of Calculating formula 40 financial expenses)

workers’ income + labour insurance and unemployment workers’ income + labour insurance and unemployment (1. operating insurance + part of the 3 types of expenses expenses) expenses, 2. management expenses, 3. financial + house fund labour insurance and unemployment insurance + welfare fund in and housing allowance + payroll in this year + part of the this year + travel expense×64% + union dues×60% 2. management 3 types of expenses (1. operating expenses, expenses, 3. financial expenses) workers’ income + labour insurance and unemployment (1. operating insurance + part of the 3 types of expenses expenses) expenses, 2. management expenses, 3. financial service charge + income + welfare fund + labour personnel’s expenses for heating fees + travel expense×64% + subsidiary families and individuals – assistantship – pension and living subsidies labour insurance and unemployment insurance + endowment labour insurance and unemployment insurance allowance insurance and Medicare + house fund and housing + travel + payroll in this year + welfare fund in this year 3 types of expense×64% + union dues×60% + part of the expenses, expenses (1. operating expenses, 2. management 3. edited by the Auditing Department of State Bureau of Statistics. of Statistics. Department of State Bureau edited by the Auditing alue-Added Components 39 wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size enterprises in the service sector public institution industrial enterprises below designated size, wholesale and retail enterprises below designated size industrial enterprises above designated size edition in Feb. 2007. edition in Feb. 2007. st st Calculation Formulas of Industrial V Calculation Formulas

Components of corporate units Types oduction or operating subsidies oduction or operating . Beijing: China of Statistics. Calculating Methods of Annual GDP of Chinese Economic Census Auditing Department of State Bureau 1 Statistics Press, . Beijing: China of Statistics. Calculating Methods of Annual GDP of Chinese Economic Census Auditing Department of State Bureau 1 Statistics Press, the employees’ income Table 3: Table 39 40 pr Economic Census Annual GDP of Chinese industrial value-added = employees’ income + production tax + depreciation of this year + operation surplus operation + year this of depreciation + tax production + income employees’ = value-added industrial In the formula, the components are estimated by two steps: first, toeach calculatetype of the corporate units; correspondingsecond, to dataadd the of data of all corporate units in an The industry. statistics of employees’ income, production tax, depreciation of this operating year, surplus, production and operating subsidies were calculated in accordance with the calculating methods provided in The industrial value-added for 2004 was calculated in Guide: accordance with the formula provided by WIPO’s 38 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China bodies, thedata provided bythosedepartments wasused. providedbe can employees of number Bureauthe Census which the of by industries those For governing or The calculationofthenumber ofemployeesshouldalsobebasedonindustrialsubcategories. 3.1.2.2 Table 3: production taxes operating subsidies production and operating surplus assets depreciation offixed

Calculation of employees of Calculation

Calculation FormulasofIndustrialV designated size industrial enterprisesbelow designated size industrial enterprisesabove designated size industrial enterprisesabove public institution size enterprises belowdesignated wholesale andretail size enterprises abovedesignated wholesale andretail designated size industrial enterprisesbelow designated size industrial enterprisesabove public institution sector size, enterprisesintheservice enterprises belowdesignated size, wholesaleandretail enterprises abovedesignated wholesale andretail telecommunication enterprises, size, transportationand enterprises belowdesignated designated size,industrial industrial enterprisesabove public institution sector enterprises intheservice size enterprises belowdesignated wholesaleandretail size enterprises abovedesignated wholesale andretail alue-Added Componen(continued) 3. expenses (1.operatingexpenses,2.management sales taxesandadditionalcharges+partofthe3types expenses) (1. disposing pollutants+partofthe3typesexpenses management expenses+VAT inthisyear+chargesfor primary businesstaxesandadditionalcharges+ subsidised income undertaking revenue)/totalrevenueinthisyear] balance ofrevenueandexpenses×[(operating+ expenses, 2.management3.financialexpenses) revenue) +partofthe3typesexpenses(1.operating operating profit×(primarybusinessrevenue/total expenses) (1. revenue) +uniondues×40%partofthe3typesexpenses operating profit×(primarybusinessrevenue/total expenses, 2.management3.financialexpenses) operating profit+partofthe3typesexpenses(1. expenses) (1. + revenue +otherbusinessrevenue)]uniondues×40% operating profit×[primarybusinessrevenue/(primary fix assetsoriginalprice×4% depreciation inthisyear operation taxes expenses, 3.financialexpenses) 3 typesofexpenses(1.operatingexpenses,2.management primary businesstaxesandadditionalcharges+partofthe expenses, 3.financialexpenses) 3 typesofexpenses(1.operatingexpenses,2.management primary businesstaxesandadditionalcharges+partofthe 3. financialexpenses) of expenses(1.operatingexpenses,2.management management expenses+VAT inthisyear+partofthe3types primary businesstaxesandadditionalcharges+

subsidized income+partofthe3typesexpenses financial expenses)

operating expenses,2.management3.financial operating expenses,2.management3.financial operating expenses,2.management3.financial The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China39 and special and 41 and quantitative calculation, etc. WIPO experts provide a very detailed detailed very a provide experts WIPO etc. calculation, quantitative and 42 Factor

opyright C Interdependent Copyright Industries Separation Calculation of total export value

See appendix. See The Economic Contribution of Copyright-based Industries Research Guide, supra note, page 86.

interviews), international comparison international interviews), 42 41 The study is based on classificationWIPO’s of the interdependentof copyrightis which industries,industries copyright combining interdependent the core two the in factor copyright the of value the namely methods, the by determined are which industries copyright interdependent partial the for factors copyright and 100% Table 4.1. shown in The specific values are correlation. their products of degree 3.2.1 approaches distinct two are there industries, copyright interdependent of factor copyright the determining For in the world. Some countries have industries directly as identified 100%, the such as copyright the factor United States, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Colombia interdependent of the and Croatia; the other United copyright countries are based Kingdom, on the investigation Latvia, to determine Hungary, Mexico, Jamaica, the different copyright factor in different industries, such as Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, Romania, and 40%. between 20% the copyright factor values are Russia and other countries. In the second group, 3.2 As stated above, in the core copyright industries WIPO identifies the copyright factor as 100 percent but it from the differs other three types of copyright-based industries: copyright interdependent industries, partial copyright industries and non-dedicated support industries. In these copyright three industries, the copyright practical situation in various countries to research. factor is determined on the basis of the survey (questionnaire survey sample by primarily factor copyright the on concentrates study This 3.1.2.4 effective for level minimal the been have list products import/export customs and subcategories the Although calculation, it is still too comprehensive for some copyright industries. For example, classified as one subcategory but only photography are and processing industrial classification, photography in national economic is considered as a component of copyright industries. more, What’s in the category of service trade, there and licensing fee covering copyright without subdivision of copyright. is only the item of exclusive right use contribution economic the of calculation the into departments industrial non-copyright including avoiding For of copyright industries, we have separated the data data as the basis of the calculation. copyright-related to a certain proportion and have only selected the The calculation of service trade export value used the service trade statistics in 2004 and 2006 provided by the State Administration for Foreign Exchange based on corresponding categories. Due to the limitation of copyright industries. trade export value only focused on the core classification, the calculation of service Exports are presented with commodity exports of customs. The commodity exports of customs for copyright- for customs of exports commodity The customs. of exports commodity with presented are Exports the by provided 2006 and 2004 in statistics export commodity customs with calculated are industries related of Customs. General Administration 3.1.2.3 For those industries of which the number of employees cannot be provided by the Census Bureau or governing or Bureau Census the by provided be cannot employees of number the which of industries those For bodies, first we estimatedthe number of employees in2004 by using the average annual employment data estimated we then and industries related in units corporate of type each of 2004 Census Economic the from the number of employees in 2006 by using the 2004. industries in these industries in corresponding of employees in proportion number of employees of all industries in 2006 and the copyright factor of other countries and related industry. copyright-based Chinese of factor copyright the measure to investigation the with formulas, them combining and the researchers use these as a reference, 40 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China investigations ofvariousindustriesseeappendixtothisreport. the copyright factor for the partial copyright industries, specific values are shown in Table 4.2. For the detailed partial the copyright industries and refers for to other countries’ achievement analysis of investigation and research quantitative to derive do to conclusions these survey, uses and interviews field combines study This profits from thecopyrightactivitiesisstillaquestion. activity brings to the company?” Respondents may find easy to answer, but for researchers, how to split the In some countries the question in the questionnaire is “What’s the proportion of total profits that the creative activities; industrial secondly, the theproportion oftheprofits from whichisbrought bycopyrightactivitiesisindeeddifficulttoestimate. identified be cannot activities copyright that so copyright, of awareness low may have the following two points: firstly, haphazard great the current a copyright have industries main reason The practitioners enterprises awkwardquestion. an is it in explain or activities copyright of Chinaprofits of the estimate to method have majority relatively the know we questionnaire the and interviews the From to otherenterprisesandpublicinstitutionsinpartialcopyrightindustries. The working group conducted field surveys in tens of enterprises and distributed 1100The copiescopyright factor offor questionnairesthe partial copyright industries is primarily obtained by field survey and questionnaire. 3.2.2 oyih fcos f o-eiae spot nutis (au-de o cr cprgt nutis + industries copyright core non- ÷ of industries) tradable copyright (value-added partial of value-added = + industries industries copyright interdependent of support value-added non-dedicated of factors copyright copyright The formula. WIPO’sfactors formulaforcalculatingvalue-addedis: by determined are industries support non-dedicated of factors Copyright 3.2.3 hlsl ad eal ifrain n cmuiain nutis te ubr f mlye i tradable in employees of number industries ofcore copyrightindustries,interdependent copyrightindustriesandpartial the + industries communication and information retail, and wholesale non-tradable number of employees = total national employees – the number of employees in transportation, partial in employees copyright industries)÷non-tradablenumberofemployees of number the + industries copyright interdependent in employees of number the + copyright factors of non-dedicated support industries = (the number of employees in core copyright industries The copyrightfactorsformulaforcalculatingthenumberofemployeesis: and information retail, and leather goods)incore industries,interdependent industriesandpartialcopyright wholesale transportation, of literary and work, musical press sound recordings, of packaged software,retail television, recorders,and value-added textiles, apparel,wholesale shoes and the (e.g. industries – tradable of value-added + industries GDP communication = GDP non-tradable

Partial Copyright Industries Copyright Partial Non-Dedicated Support Industries Support Non-Dedicated

GDP The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China41 8% 5% 2% 6% 5% 40% 40% 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 35% 30% 25% 25% 100% 100% 100% Copyright factor Copyright factor 6.51% 2006 6.37% 5.55% 2004 GDP Quantity of employment GDP Quantity of employment Copyright Factor of Chinese Copyright Industries Copyright Factor of

Main industries groups Main industries groups Table 4: Table Non-Dedicated Support Industries Partial Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright

Main industries groups TV sets, radios, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, cassette players, electronic game equipment game equipment electronic CD players, DVD players, cassette players, TV sets, radios, VCRs, and other similar equipment Computers and equipment Musical instruments Photographic and cinematographic instruments Photocopier Blank recording material Paper Apparel, textile and footwear Jewellery and coin Other handicraft Furniture Household goods, china and glass and carpets coverings Wall and computer games Toys Architecture, engineering, surveying Interior decoration Museums Non-Dedicated Support Industries 4.94% able 4.1: Table 4.3: Table Table 4.2: Table The calculating results are in Table 4.3. Table in are results The calculating T 42 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Table 5: 4.1.1 4.1 . 4 r e t p a h C of merchandise is90.6billionUSDwhich15.3%ofthetotalvalueallcustomsexport. employment is 3.15 million which accounts for 2.8% of national employment. Total value of customs export roughlyup takes which GDP.non-corenational RMB billion of 2.9% 469.6 about is industries copyright The the of value-added industrial the 2004, In industries. support non-dedicated and industries copyright partial second industries, copyright the interdependent of composed in is industries found copyright chapter.non-core this The of be part can industries copyright core of contribution economic The industries. copyright non-core the and industries copyright core the parts: two into separated be can industry Copyright-based 15.5% ofthetotalvalueallexport(593.32billionUSD). is which USD billion 92.2 is merchandise of export Totalof (1,109,890,000). value employment national of 5.6% for accounts which million 6.16 is employment The RMB). billion roughly (15,987.83 up GDP national takes of which 4.9% RMB, billion 788.4 was 2004 in industries copyright Chinese of value-added The Note: Theaboveratioisinproportion tothenationalGDP, nationalemploymentandtotalvalueofallexportgoods, respectively. Total industries copyright Non-core Core copyrightindustries

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries in 2004 in Industries Copyright-Based Chinese of Contribution Economic The

S The EconomicContributionofChineseCopyright-BasedIndustriesin2004 ummary Indicators Total industries non-dedicated support industries Partial copyright copyright industries Interdependent Category

s e i r t s u d n I T

d e s a B - t h g i r y p o C e s e n i h C f o n o i t u b i r t n o C c i m o n o c E e h (in billionRMB) nutilVleAdd Employment Industrial Value-Added 8.249 1955 21 15.54 15.28 92.19 90.63 5.55 2.84 6159 3150 4.94 2.94 788.42 469.55 3.608 6 .0– 0.60 668 0.84 133.86 5.016 6714 38 14.12 83.80 1.46 1617 1.62 259.30 1.720 0927 .60.26 1.56 2.71 3009 2.00 318.87 Value 63 .88607 .31.15 6.83 0.78 866 0.48 76.38 Ratio (%) (in thousands) Number Ratio (%) (in billionUSD) Total Value ofExport Value Goods Ratio (%) – The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China43 alue-Added of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries in 2004 Industries of Chinese Copyright-Based alue-Added The Composition of Employment among Chinese Copyright-Based Industries in 2004 The Composition of Employment among The Composition of Industrial V of Industrial The Composition

Diagram 2: Diagram 1: 44 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Diagram 3: Note: Theaboveratioisinproportion tothenationalGDP, nationalemploymentandtotalvalueofallexportgoods,respectively. Table 6: value ofallexport(968.94billionUSD). Totalmillion). (117.132 employment total merchandisethe of of export 15.4% is which USD billion 149.3 is of national GDP (210,871 billion). The employment is 7.63 million which accounts for 6.5% of total national The value-added of Chinese copyright industries in 2006 is 1,319.7 billion RMB which takes up roughly 6.4% 4.1.2 Core copyrightindustries industries copyright Non-core Total

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Copyright-Based Industries in 2006 in Industries Copyright-Based Chinese of Contribution Economic The

The EconomicContributionofChineseCopyright-BasedIndustryin2006

The CompositionofT Indicators Category industries copyright Interdependent industries Partial copyright support industries Non-dedicated Total otal ExportofMerchandiseChineseCopyright-BasedIndustryin2004 (in billion nutilVleAdd mlyetTotal Value ofExportGoods Employment Industrial Value-Added 389 .072 .1192 15.40 149.26 6.51 7629 6.40 1348.93 4.630 6931 2.49 3.14 3679 3.07 647.16 0.019 2219 3.814.08 136.38 1.90 2222 1.93 406.90 0.204 9 .510.39 0.85 993 0.48 101.42 9.609 3 .3– 0.63 736 0.92 193.46 0.833 9033 4.715.15 146.77 3.37 3950 3.33 701.78 Value RMB) Ratio (%) Number (in thousands) Ratio (%) (in billion Value USD) Ratio 0.26 1.07 (%) – The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China45 㐀㜀⸀㤀㠀─ 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀攀猀㄀⸀䌀漀爀攀挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀㄀㐀⸀㌀㐀─ 㐀⸀一漀渀ⴀ搀攀搀椀挀愀琀攀搀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀攀猀 alue-Added of Chinese Copyright-Based Industry in 2006 Industry of Chinese Copyright-Based alue-Added ㌀ ⸀㄀㘀─ 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀攀猀㜀⸀㔀㈀─ 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀攀猀 The Composition of Employment among Chinese Copyright-Based Industry in 2006 The Composition of Employment among The Composition of Industrial V of Industrial The Composition

㈀⸀䤀渀琀攀爀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀㌀⸀倀愀爀琀椀愀氀挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 Diagram 5: Diagram 4: 46 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China and Diagram 6: Table 7: while there are tencategories,suchaseducation,lodgingandfoodetc.,havinglower (3.1%), breeding animal (3.6%), management society and management public (3.8%), delivery and supply water and energy electric, (4.0%), finance (4.6%), estate real (5.6%), construction (5.7%), mining (5.9%), including: manufacture, wholesale and retail, agriculture, transportation, storage, mailing and postal industry have a lower ratio. There are eleven categories of industry having higher ratio than core copyright industries, copyright-based industries among all the twenty one industry categories, while the rest of eighteen industries of that than ratio higher having (6.6%), agriculture and (7.3%) retail and wholesale (33.8%), manufacture From the ratio of industrial value-added to national GDP’s point of view, there are only three industries, namely 4.1.3 – – Transport, Storage,Mailing andPostal Third Industry – Construction – Electric,EnergyandWater supplyanddelivery – Manufacturing – Mining Secondary Industry – RelatedServiceIndustry – Fishing – AnimalBreeding – Forest Primary Industry – Agriculture software Information communication,computer serviceand

2006 Comparison of Industrial Value-Added between Copyright Industries and Other Industries Other and Industries Copyright between Value-Added Industrial of Comparison

Industrial V

The CompositionofT Industry Category alue-Added ofChineseEconomicIndustriesandtheirRatiostoNationalGDPin2004 otal ExportGoodsofChineseCopyright-BasedIndustryin2006 ,5.34. ,7.440.0 8,472.14 40.4 6,456.13 ,7.53. ,2.933.6 7,121.29 32.4 5,174.85 ,9.34. ,362 48.7 1,0316.20 46.2 7,390.43 ,8.7741351 6.6 1,395.19 7.4 1,182.77 ,4.71. ,0.011.7 2,404.00 13.4 2,141.27 3.4581281 5.9 1,248.11 5.8 930.44 2.326529 2.5 532.92 2.6 423.63 6.3541151 5.6 1,185.11 5.4 869.43 8.336815 3.8 801.52 3.6 583.33 6.3481282 5.7 1,208.29 4.8 762.83 0.113255 1.2 255.59 1.3 208.11 9.737678 3.1 657.82 3.7 595.37 au ai au Ratio Value Ratio Value 56 . 55.84 0.3 45.69 05 . 0.00.5 109.30 0.6 90.56 2004

ratio. 2006 Unit: billionRMB% 0.3 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China47 0.4 76.86 0.5 94.42 366.48 2.3 479.21 2.3 539.30 3.4 849.03 4.0 717.41 4.5 966.40 4.6 175.95 1.1 240.93 1.1 262.75 1.6 328.00 1.6 248.15 1.6 354.15 1.7 489.26 3.1 617.90 2.9 262.07 1.6 320.96 1.5 104.32 0.7 132.52 0.6 614.14 3.8 760.46 3.6 1,245.38 7.8 1,547.11 7.3 alue-Added between Copyright-Based Industry and Other Industries alue-Added between Copyright-Based alue-Added of Chinese Economic Industries and their Ratios to National GDP in 2004 their Ratios to National Industries and of Chinese Economic alue-Added The Comparison of Industrial V

Industrial V Industrial

ater, environment and public facility management environment ater, 2006 (continued)

Science and Research, technology service and Science and Research, geological exploration W 2006

– Lodging and food – Wholesale and retail – Finance – Real estate – Renting and commercial service – Renting and commercial – – – Residential service and other service – Residential service and – Education – Health, social security and welfare – Culture, sport and entertainment – Public management and social management Table 7: Table and Therefore, we have a reason to believe that from the point of view of the industrial value-added, the economic the value-added, industrial the of view of point the from that believe to reason a have we Therefore, contribution of overall copyright-based industry and is industry on copyright-based top between point of crossing the a category is list, there while Meanwhile, list. that of of middle core the copyright in sits industries to. attention special paid be to needs also which comparison the in involved industries one twenty other the in Diagram 7: Source: Primary industrial value– added is obtained from the Department of Agriculture website (http://www.agri.gov.cn/sjzl/baipsh/ of Agriculture the Department Primary industrial value– added is obtained from Source: of Statistic, 2006-2008, edited by the National Bureau China Statistical Yearbook obtained from WB2007.htm#1), while others are Republic of China. People’s 48 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Diagram 8: The total service trade export value was about 1.5 billion USD or 2.4% of the national service trade export trade service national the of 2.4% or USD billion 1.5 about was value export trade service total The commodity export value for customs was 1.6 billion USD or 0.3% of the 2.0% total of national national GDP and commodity employed export 3.01 million for value. accounting workers RMB, or billion 2.7% 318.9 of was total industries employment copyright in core that Chinese year.of value-added total The the total 2004, In Table 8: 4.2.1 4.2 otal servicetradeexportsofChinesecorecopyrightindustriesin2004 Table 9: ratio (%) total Film andaudio/video Advertisement andpublicity Exclusive rightfees(copyright) Computer andinformationservice(softwaredatabase) Ratio (%) model product Art andarchitecturedesign,graphic Software anddatabase Total Copyright collectivemanagementandservice Advertising service Photography Broadcasting andTV Film andvideo Music, opera,folkart,danceandacrobatics Written works

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Core Copyright Industries in 2004 in Industries Copyright Core Chinese of Contribution Economic The

T T The value-added,employmentandtotalcommodityexportsofChinesecorecopyrightindustriesin2004 he

E The CompositionofIndustrialV Main IndustryGroup conomic C ontribution Categories

of C ore alue-Added ofChineseCoreCopyrightIndustriesin2004 C opyright (in billionRMB) Value-Added 318.86 123.08 61.68 61.44 18.70 32.55 1.99 5.78 0.79 5.14 9.70 I ndustries Total servicetradeexports(inmillionsofdollars) (in thousands) Employment 3,009.01 543.30 889.01 148.46 302.10 118.85 214.01 747.21 36.20 2.71 9.87 1475 2.36 849 546 41 39 Total CommodityExports (in millionUSD} 1,554.61 345.22 226.72 956.58 23.84 0.26 2.19 0.06 – – – The Economic Contribution of

billion

㘀㄀⸀㔀㌀─ 倀爀攀猀猀愀渀搀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀䄀爀琀猀㄀⸀㔀㌀─ 嘀椀猀甀愀氀愀渀搀䜀爀愀瀀栀椀挀㈀㈀⸀㈀㄀─ 䐀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀匀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀愀渀搀 The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese core copyright industries in 2004 The composition of total value of export 嘀椀搀攀漀㄀㐀⸀㔀㠀─ ⸀㄀㐀─ The Composition of Employment among Chinese Core Copyright Industries in 2004 Employment among Chinese Core Copyright The Composition of ⸀ 㐀─

䄀挀爀漀戀愀琀椀挀猀

倀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀䄀爀琀Ⰰ䐀愀渀挀攀愀渀搀䴀甀猀椀挀Ⰰ吀栀攀愀琀爀椀挀愀氀倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ䘀漀氀欀䴀漀琀椀漀渀倀椀挀琀甀爀攀愀渀搀 Diagram 10: Diagram 9: value (62.43 billion USD). The total of the above two items, including the total export value of commodity total national trade value (655.75 about 3 billion USD or 0.5% of the and service trade was 50 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Table 10: 4.2.2 commodity export value for customs was 2.5 billion USD or 0.3% of the 3.1% total of national national GDP and commodity employed export 3.68 million for value. accounting workers RMB, or billion 3.1% 647.2 of was total industries employment copyright in core that Chinese year.of value-added total The the total 2006, In Diagram 11: otal servicetradeexportsofChinesecorecopyrightindustriesin2006 Table 11: ratio (%) total Film andaudio/video Advertisement andpublicity Exclusive rightfees(copyright) Computer andinformationservice(softwaredatabase) model product Art andarchitecturedesign,graphic Software anddatabase Photography Ratio (%) Broadcasting andTV Film andvideo acrobatics Music, opera,folkart,danceand Total Copyright serviceandmanagement Advertising service Written works

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Core Copyright Industries in 2006 in Industries Copyright Core Chinese of Contribution Economic The

T The value-added,employmentandtotalcommodityexportsofChinesecorecopyrightindustriesin2006 Main IndustryGroup

The compositionofvalue-addedChinesecorecopyrightindustriesin2006 Categories (in billionRMB) Added Value 209.29 647.16 221.69 99.18 52.87 15.04 30.38 1.29 3.06 8.04 9.39 Total servicetradeexports(inmillionsofdollars) (in thousands) Employment 1,451.18 3,679.14 574.19 307.47 211.33 118.26 781.56 180.77 10.31 44.08 3.14 Total Value ofExportGoods 2602 1445 283 137 986 34 (in millionUSD) 2,494.25 1,450.45 828.62 153.15 60.91 0.95 0.26 0.17 – – – The Economic Contribution of

billion

The composition of total value of export goods of Chinese core copyright industries in 2006 The composition of total value of export The composition of employment of Chinese core copyright industries in 2006 employment of Chinese core copyright The composition of

Diagram 13: Diagram 12: The total service trade export value was about 2.6 billion USD or 2.9% of the national service trade export value (92.00 billion USD). The total of the above two items, including the total export value of commodity total national trade value (1060.94 about 5.1 billion USD or 0.5% of and service trade was 52 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China customs. for export commodity national total the of 14.1% or USD billion 83.8 was customs for export commodity of value total the and employment total national of 1.5% or million 1.6 was employment the GDP; national of 1.6% or RMB billion 259.3 interdependentwas Chinese industries of copyright value-added the 2004, In Diagram 14: Table 12: 4.3.1 4.3 other similarequipments Player, CassettePlayer, Video Gamesand TV, Radio, Video Recorder, CDPlayer, DVD Computer andrelatedequipments Ratio (%) Total paper Recording Media Copier Camera andfilm,photographyequipment Musical Instrument

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Interdependent Copyright Industries in 2004 in Industries Copyright Interdependent Chinese of Contribution Economic The T

he The economiccontributionofChineseinterdependentcopyrightindustryin2004 Main IndustryGroup

E The compositionofvalue-addedChineseinterdependentcopyrightindustriesin2004 conomic C ontribution

of I nterdependent (in billionsofRMB) Added Value 259.31 171.68 71.29 1.62 6.77 0.41 2.99 2.75 3.42 C opyright I ndustries (in thousands) Employment 1,616.77 632.06 855.63 49.10 18.71 20.78 36.10 1.46 4.39 Total Value ofCommodity (in millionsofdollars) 21,785.98 83,802.95 58,768.28 1,607.89 Export 174.24 323.88 332.36 810.33 14.12 The Economic Contribution of

The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese interdependent copyright industries The composition of total value of export The composition of employment in Chinese interdependent copyright industries in 2004 copyright in Chinese interdependent of employment The composition

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Interdependent Copyright Industries in 2006

4.3.2 accounting 2006, in RMB billion 406.9 was industries copyright interdependent Chinese of value-added The for 1.9% of national GDP; the employment was 2.2 million, which is 1.9% of national total employment; the total value of export goods is 136.4 billion USD which accounts for 14.1% of the total export value of all goods that year. Diagram 16: in 2004 Diagram 15: 54 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Diagram 17: Table 13: Ratio (%) Total Paper Recording Media Copier Camera andfilm,photographyequipment Musical Instrument Computer andrelatedequipments other similarequipments Player, CassettePlayer, Video Gamesand TV, Radio, Video Recorder, CDPlayer, DVD

The economiccontributionofChineseinterdependentcopyrightindustriesin2006

Main IndustryGroup The compositionofvalue-addedChineseinterdependentcopyrightindustriesin2006 (in billionRMB) Value-Added 406.90 283.90 101.57 1.93 8.37 0.74 3.93 4.03 4.37 (in thousands) Employment 2,221.54 1,306.55 776.67 53.19 18.90 23.28 38.41 1.90 4.54 Total Value ofExportGoods (in millionUSD) 136,382.20 92,951.55 36,183.12 2,017.68 3,342.24 1,016.65 370.16 500.80 14.08 The Economic Contribution of

ontribution C conomic The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese interdependent copyright industries The composition of total value of export The composition of employment among Chinese interdependent copyright industries in 2006 industries in interdependent copyright among Chinese of employment The composition E

he T The Economic Contribution of Chinese Partial Copyright Industries year.

2006

4.4.1 The industrial value-added of Chinese partial copyright industries is 76.4 billion RMB in 2004, for 0.5% accounting of national GDP; the employment is 0.9 million which is 0.8% of national total employment; the total value of export goods is 6.8 billion USD which accounts for 1.2% of the total export value of all goods that 4.4 in Diagram 19: Diagram 18: 56 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Table 14: Diagram 20: Ratio (%) Total Museum Interior Design Architecture, EngineeringandSurveying Toys andGames Wall paperandCarpet glassware Household goods,porcelainand Furniture Other crafts Jewelery andCoins Clothes, Texture andShoes

The economiccontributionofChinesepartialcopyrightindustriesin2004 Main IndustryGroup

The compositionofindustrialvalue-addedChinesepartialcopyrightindustriesin2004 (in billionRMB) Added Value 76.38 52.17 11.94 0.48 0.01 0.68 7.26 0.11 0.32 1.76 0.44 1.69 (in thousands) Employment 865.70 504.60 131.60 176.06 21.40 21.95 0.78 0.17 1.58 3.31 5.03 – Total Value ofExportGoods (in millionUSD) 6,827.92 4,340.16 1,473.35 357.88 176.94 397.97 16.33 65.29 1.15 – – – The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China57 The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese partial copyright industry in 2004 The composition of total value of export The composition of employment among Chinese partial copyright industry in 2004 partial copyright industry among Chinese of employment The composition

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Partial Copyright Industries in 2006

The industrial value-added of Chinese partial copyright industries is 101.4 billion RMB in 2006, accounting for 0.5% of national GDP; the employment is 0.99 million which is 0.9% of national total employment; the goods all of value export total the of 1.1% for accounts which USD billion 10.4 is goods export of value total that year. 4.4.2 Diagram 22: Diagram 21: 58 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Table 15: Diagram 23: Ratio (%) Total Museum Interior Design Architecture, EngineeringandSurveying Toys andGames Wall paperandCarpet Household goods,porcelainandglassware Furniture Other crafts Jewellery andCoins Clothes, Texture andShoes

The economiccontributionofChinesepartialcopyrightindustryin2006 Main IndustryGroup

The compositionofindustrialvalue-addedChinesepartialcopyrightindustriesin2006 (in billionRMB) Added Value 101.42 71.11 14.80 0.48 0.02 1.05 8.97 0.14 0.39 2.23 0.60 2.11 (in thousands) Employment 143.84 992.57 599.22 191.95 23.13 23.83 0.85 0.17 1.71 3.60 5.12 – Total Value ofExport (in millionUSD) 10,385.53 6,495.72 2,183.90 Goods 766.17 233.09 595.06 22.89 88.71 1.07 – – – The Economic Contribution of

ontribution C conomic The composition of total value of export goods from Chinese partial copyright industries in 2006 The composition of total value of export The composition of employment in Chinese partial copyright industries in 2006 copyright industries in Chinese partial of employment The composition E

he T The Economic Contribution of Chinese Non-Dedicated Support Industries

The industrial value-added of Chinese non-dedicated support industries is 133.9 billion RMB, accounting for accounting RMB, billion 133.9 is industries support non-dedicated Chinese of value-added industrial The 0.8% of national GDP and the employment is 670 thousands which is 0.6% of the total number of people employed in that year. 4.5 4.5.1 Diagram 25: Diagram 24: 60 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Diagram 26: Table 16: Diagram 27: Ratio Total Telephony andInternet industry Transport, storage,mailingandpostal Wholesale andretail

The economiccontributionofChinesenon-dedicatedsupportindustriesin2004

Main IndustryGroup The compositionofemploymentamongChinesenon-dedicatedsupportindustriesin2004 The compositionofindustrialvalue-addedChinesenon-dedicatedsupportindustriesin2004 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀⸀䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀㔀㐀⸀㈀㌀─ ㌀⸀吀攀氀攀瀀栀漀渀礀愀渀搀䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀Ⰰ 㘀⸀㠀㄀─ de au i ilo M)Employment(inthousands) Added Value (inbillionRMB) 133.87 17.48 59.45 56.94 0.84 ㄀⸀䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀眀栀漀氀攀猀愀氀攀愀渀搀爀攀琀愀椀氀Ⰰ ㌀㠀⸀㤀㘀─ 667.56 350.60 276.74 40.22 0.60 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China61 0.63 50.13 286.74 399.07 735.94 0.92 89.45 76.63 27.38 193.46 Added Value (in billion RMB) (in billion Added Value (in thousands) Employment The composition of employment among Chinese non-dedicated support industries in 2006 The composition of employment among Chinese non-dedicated support industries The composition of industrial value-added of Chinese non-dedicated support industries in 2006 The composition of industrial value-added Main Industry Group

The direct economic contribution of Chinese non-dedicated support industries in 2006 contribution of Chinese non-dedicated The direct economic

The Economic Contribution of Chinese Non-Dedicated Support Industries in 2006

Wholesale and Retail Transport, Storage, Mailing and Postal Storage, Transport, Industry Telephony and Internet Telephony Total Ratio Diagram 29: Diagram 28: Table 17: Table The industrial value-added of Chinese non-dedicated support industries is 193.5 billion RMB, accounting for accounting RMB, billion 193.5 is industries support non-dedicated Chinese of value-added industrial The 0.9% of national GDP and the employment is 740 thousands which is 0.6% of the total number of people employed that year. 4.5.2 62 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China assessment forthesizeofcopyrightindustriesinChina. correct comparatively a provides also study.It this for reference a provide to order in possible as complete above. This research collects the previous research findings and approaches in foreign countries as many and which provide comparison, though a they foundation could for not international level out all the differences WIPO’s laws that copyright gratifying of is extent It and countries. different scope in protective different a and approaches research concepts, various to 43 International comparison is an important part of these researches, but it has “difficulty progressing” “difficulty has it but researches, these of part important an is comparison International . 5 r e t p a h C among different countries. the countries, various small among specific industries includedclassifications have commonof features whichdifferences make itlarge possible forare the comparisonthere of studies though that noted be should It publishing, software andcomputerservices,televisionradio,etc.). arts, performing music, software, leisure interactive video, and film design, fashion design, crafts, market, antiques and art architecture, advertising, (i.e. way this in defined also are Britain while in industries artists, creative the and theatre,writers and museums, legitimate and libraries film, design, equipment, music, entertainment software, advertising, games transmission, broadcasting, software, computer publishing, and printing as such industries, different by directly defined are industries copyright Japan, In example. for industries into two categories, such as core copyright industries and non-core copyright industries, in Canada copyright core categories 2004. three industries, copyright-dependent industries after into and copyright-related industries. industries WIPO Some countries classify copyright copyright as classifies classification Union) (European same EU the the to of report adjusted The and way different a in but categories four into industries copyright classified also studies previous the States, United the In used. is classification same the WIPO’sin industries supporting non-dedicated and industries copyright partial industries, interdependent copyright industries, core copyright into areclassified industries Copyright 5.1.1.2 which influencethemeasure foreconomiccontributionsofcopyrightindustries. countries various in classification and differentresearchscope the to lead terms and differentconcepts The and Spain,“culturalcontentindustries”inFinland. Australia, while it is called “creative industries” in Britain and New Zealand, “cultural industries” in Germany WIPO’s in used concept The 5.1.1.1 aspects. following fromthe seen differencesbe can The on”. so and researchapplication, basis of standardindexes, WIPO’s in mentioned As 5.1.1 concretemany problems. of ideas different have and approaches calculated research different trade have they foreign GDP,but of employment, percentage the industries, by copyright of size the as such have studies direction, These research field. similar this in researches done have countries 30 than more 1970s, the in Sweden and Brief As mentioned above, since the first research on the economic contribution of copyright industries in Canada 5.1

Refer toTheEconomicContribution ofCopyrightIndustries Research Guide,supranote,page 12.

Scope and Classification and Scope Concept Studies Present of Differences The O verview

I n o s i r a p m o C l a n o i t a n r e t n

, there are many differences in “research purpose and usage, selection of selection usage, and purpose “research in differences many are there Guide, the

Researches is “copyright industries” which is also used in the United States and States United the in used also is which industries” “copyright is Guide

in D ifferent a etbihd nme o gnrl guidelines general of number a established has Guide C ountries . In Singapore and Lithuania, and Singapore In Guide. 43 due The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China63 for the important reason that they that reason important the for Guide , national economic industries classification corresponding to copyright industries copyright to corresponding classification industries economic national Guide, The Results of Current Studies Statistical Year Statistical Classification Measurement Methods

5.1.2 WIPO’s following results the is one categories, two into results current the divides study this comparison, For results the methods, other to according results the is other The WIPO. by provided are results the and method are from public reports. The table follows the principles that if there are the data from 2004 to 2006 select them and if there are no such data, use the data the comparable, not is year further the close though and once, only industries copyright of contribution to economic the years. Some countries did the research on of various countries. table also contains the findings of these countries for an overall knowledge 5.1.1.5 Due to the various possessions of information in there are differences resources, statistical years in different of data the selects EU the of study the example, For comparison. international to obstacle bring which studies and 1990 to 1977 from States United the as such years, several of data the select countries some while 2000 since then adding annual data In every Singapore, the year. data of 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2001 are comparison the through reflected is industries copyright of development its and 2001 to 1986 from selected of these data. 5.1.1.4 WIPO’s to According There are differences in the national economic classification WIPO’s of scope standardsclassification concrete whichthe achieve reflect can they thebut countries uniquedifferent in development natureeconomic of minute adjustments in their research. Guide through classification is the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Owing to the differences of statistical of differences the to Owing (ISIC). Classification Industrial Standard International the is classification Canada and States United the in as such different, is standard statistical their countries, various among system with the North American Standard Industrial Classification (NAICS), in areport of the EU most EU countries go with the EU General Industrial Classification (NACE), Industrial Classification (JSIC). Japan Standard Classification (SSIC) and in Japan with in Singapore with SingaporeStandard Industrial The countries which do not follow the classification of WIPO of course do not use the measurement method measurement the use not do course of WIPO of classification the follow not do which countries The the of because different also are WIPO of classification the follow which factors copyright their but WIPO, in influences of subjective factors such asresearchers’ academic background, the possession ofresources, information etc. Taking interdependent copyright industries as an example, some copyright factors countries as determine 100% such the as the United States, Britain, Latvia, Hungary, Lebanon, Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Bulgaria, and Croatia, while some other countries fix differentthe investigations copyrighton different industries, factorssuch as accordingSingapore, the Philippines, to Malaysia, Romania and Russia 20% and 40%. whose copyright factors float between use different use methods different to measure economic contribution. The copyright factors in core copyright industries are determined as 100%, meaning that those contributions are counted as 100%, and those in the other three copyright industries are determined by investigation, analysis and calculation according to the actual countries. situation in various The copyright industries are classified into four categories in WIPO’s WIPO’s in categories four into classified are industries copyright The 5.1.1.3 64 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Table 18: alue-Added byCopyright-BasedIndustriesin CountriesorRegions Table 19: **only accountingtheeconomiccontributionofcore andinterdependent copyrightindustries 44 h ehrad 055940040906886206111.0 0.20 1.1 0.08 1.50 0.6 0.43 0.08 1.90 0.46 0.65 0.82 0.41 6.2 1.16 0.70 0.57 8.8 1.90 0.58 0.93 0.54 0.6 1.70 1.81 5.80 2.36 3.22 0.10 4.19 0.9 4.64 0.40 4.97 0.39 8.0 0.07 0.30 0.68 0.4 0.53 0.70 0.32 1.54 0.80 0.40 2.85 4.0 1.08 2005 0.88 5.9 1.90 2005 3.30 2.0 3.55 The Netherlands 2.99 2005 5.55 4.27 Ukraine 2005 2004 7.30 Russia 10.30 Colombia 2007 Romania Croatia Australia ava*20 . . .807 .0370704 0.75 0.74 0.44 1.07 0.18 0.7 0.61 0.6 1.24 1.41 3.7 1.25 0.95 0.2 0.68 4.40 2.53 3.64 5.80 0.70 1.0 4.15 0.77 0.23 7.1 1.4 0.97 3.65 0.27 0.28 0.73 1.00 0.31 0.09 8.81 3.41 11.10 11.01 0.73 0.45 2.11 1.1 1.79 4.49 1.76 0.29 0.68 3.03 2.29 0.89 1.24 2.9 0.04 0.85 4.30 1.9 2.85 5.67 4 0.62 0.52 3.96 2001 0.47 3.3 0.96 2000 1.69 6.66 US 0.09 4.5 2002 0.71 2004 0.74 Singapore 3.50 1.55 4.82 4.77 Latvia** 0.62 2.53 1999 2003 Hungary 4.75 1.7 Canada 2005 4.81 1.57 Philippines 2005 2.81 2005 Mexico Lebanon Jamaica Bulgaria

Tunisia Morocco Egypt Jordan ogKn,Cia2001 Hong Kong,China Spain Portugal Italy Greece Germany Austria Sweden Finland Denmark Luxembourg Belgium France Ireland UK Chile The statisticsare provided byWIPO. onr rRgo Year Country orRegion onr year country

The economiccontributionofcopyright-basedindustries V 0460 .907 .726 .042 .505 1.69 0.56 0.75 4.29 7.30 2.64 0.27 0.76 2.39 6.06 2004 041.964 .304 .885 .721 .62.03 0.26 2.17 4.07 8.53 2.08 0.40 2.13 6.56 11.12 6.48 2005 11.09 2004 oa oeitreedn partial interdependent core total 2000/1 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 00109.20 2000 1990 1997 Contribution toGDP(%) Value-Added (in billions) 17.22 38.72 70.98 10.76 48.11 17.11 0.18 0.04 2.18 1.62 4.78 4.17 6.52 0.55 6.80 2.16 – – – – Core CopyrightIndustries Share ofnationalor regional GDP(%) dedicated non- 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.7 2.9 1.9 3.3 1.3 3.5 2.3 4.4 3.2 3.7 2.8 2.7 3.4 2.1 7.1 3.6 – – oa oeitreedn partial interdependent core total .94.03 8.49 .54.11 5.55 Contribution toemployment(%) Value-Added (in billions) Copyright-Based Industries 102.91 46.10 24.05 52.35 14.37 61.84 2.51 2.28 7.94 8.19 8.50 0.65 9.78 2.59 – – – – – – – (WIPO’ regional GDP national or Share of s method) 3.8 5.1 3.1 4.5 1.9 5.1 3.8 5.9 6.3 4.8 3.3 3.9 4.4 2.5 8.4 2.0 dedicated – – – – – non- 44 The Economic Contribution of

everal S in

scope of “creative industries” is wider than that of “copyright industries”. According to the Research 47 46

he The definition of “creative industries” in the UK, it covers theThe classification whole system of “creative conceptindustries” is also of different from the “copyright intellectual industries” of property. WIPO. In the UK, the national economy is divided into creative industry including economy, culture industries, and other economies. Although UK’s “creative industries” are in a national economy broader industry categories are scope, definitely not less the than those of “creative industries” due classification systems. to different T The UK The US

Staying ahead: the economic performance of the UK’s creative industries, http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/ creative Staying ahead: the economic performance of the UK’s publications/3672.aspx/ Refer to Siwek and Furchgott-Roth, Copyright Industries in the U.S. Economy, supra note. Refer to Siwek and Furchgott-Roth, Chile data is from The Copyright-based Industries No.2 Report; data of UK, Ireland, France, Belguim, Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France, Belguim, Luxembourg, The Copyright-based Industries No.2 Report; data of UK, Ireland, Chile data is from of Copyright and Related Rights to the The Contribution from Portugal and Spain are Italy, Greece, Sweden, Austria, Germany, of of The University of Hong Kong; data report the year 2000); data of Hong Kong is from Economy (based on data from European Performance of Copyright Industries in Selected Arab Countries. from are and Tunisia Egypt, Morocco Jordan, 46 47 45 (1) Compared with the “copyright industries” of WIPO, the UK’s “creative industries” have the following features: following the have industries” “creative UK’s the WIPO, of industries” “copyright the with Compared 5.2.2 concept The States. United the and WIPO of that from different is Kingdom United the in system research The in the report provided by the Creative Industry Division in the Department for Culture, Media and Sport of the UK is “creative industries” which means a potential industry of and creating individual talent, creativity, capacity wealth and film employment design, fashion design, through crafts, market, antiques and the art architecture, development advertising, include industries These and transmission of intellectual property. and video, interactive leisure software, music, performing arts, publishing, software and computer services, television and radio, etc. According According to the study in the United States, annual growth rate of copyright industries is higher than that changed been has economy national of classification industry the although decades recent in GDP US the of and the classification of copyright industries isadjusted. With the three indexers ofexport trades and employment contribution, American copyright industries industry have become the key industry in value-added, are which factors positive the that out points also report the time, same the At growth. economic developing the legitimate distribution channels of new technique supported copyright products, a complete copyright legal system as well as strict and effective enforcement have contributed to the development of copyright industries in the United States. From From the findings, theof GDP, US US the of 11.09% for is accounting USD, million 1300.8 is the industries copyright of value-added industry most developed country on copyright industries now. Inwhich the core copyright 2004, the US industries value-added is 760.5 billion USD accounting for 6.48% of the US GDP. In 2005, the industry value-added of copyright industries is 1388.1 billion USD accounting for 11.12% of which of the core copyright industries value-added the is US 819.1 GDP, million USD accounting for 6.56% million 5.38 which of industries, copyright in provided are jobs million 11.33 2005, in Also GDP. American of copyright industries. in core positions are 5.2.1 In the United States, the first report classified copyright industriescopyright industries, partial into copyright four categoriesindustries, distribution industries which and core were: copyright-related industries, in 1990 and the following years until 2004. In 2004 and the subsequent years, the United States adopted the with the international to be consistent standard. four categories of WIPO in order 5.2 The value-added in table 19 is calculated in US dollars in Morocco, in euros in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain and Sweden, and Jordan. in Hong Kong in 2000, and in local currency in euros Britain in 1990 and in pounds in 66 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China digital publishing (56000) and music and visual performing arts (33000). The number of creative industry creative companies accountsfor8%ofIDBR-registered enterprises. of number The (33000). arts performing visual and music and (56000) publishing digital companies is about 135,000, of which about two-thirds of the companies focus on two areas: software and the data of the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) in the UK, in 2001 the number of creative industry time the average annual growth rate is 5% and the national employment growth rate is 1.5%. According to which during 2001 provideDecember industries in million 1.95 fromto jobs 1994 December in million 1.45 creative UK, the In industries. creative outside jobs creative 800,000 least as estimated be to and industries creative of scope the within jobs million 1.15 include which jobs million 1.95 provide industries creative UK 2001 In 5%. is value export comprehensive of rate growth annual average the services and goods for and creative industries, the average annual growth rate of UK export value the is for 13% 2000, while to for 1997 all From British services. services and it goods is of 9% value export total the of GBP,3.3% for billion accounting 8.7 is industries creative UK of value export the 2000, In 2.8%. is UK’seconomy the of that period same the of over and 9% 7.9% is UK the in for industries creative of rate accounting growth annual GDP.the 2000, is to 1997 From industries creative of value-added the results, statistical UK’s the to According (3) (2) 48 economic three the total, In comparison. a as Australia of data the particularly selects Canada in report The growth. stable relatively a had basically have Canada’sindustries comparison, copyright data continuous of are industries copyright of years 12 rate the In States. United the as trendgrowth growth similar the with but States United the the of that than lower and contribution economic the indexes, major three the For States. United the of that than smaller is industries copyright Canadian of size the results, study the From growth inCanada. economic of force driving main the become have services) information as well (as databases and software 23%, and then it falls gradually. However in 2002 there is still 4% growth. The core copyright industries and of increase an 1998, in is industry copyright-based Canadian of growth export largest the trade, export the provideCanada in industries In copyright jobs. the 780,000 2002, In growthperiod. same the over 3.3% of economic Canadian the of rate growth the twice almost is which 6.5% reaches industries growthcopyright of rate the time, same the At fisheries. and agriculture of that exceeds economy the to contribution that From the 2004 research report: in 2002 Canadian copyright industries account for 5.4% of the GDP meaning has selectedmore thantenyearsofcontinuousannualdata. copyright-based industry value-added in 2002. but In the choice of factors the reference year, copyright the 2004 of report in Canada method total of 35% about researchfor accounting value-added non-core the estimate to the studies, previous and comparison adopt not does Canada industries, copyright non-core of classification industry standard, which its differs from WIPO’s as where Canada has made its mark and notes. As (NAICS) for the data processing Standard Classification Industrial American North the adopts Canada classification, partialcopyrightindustriesandnon-dedicatedsupportingindustries. and software music, database types, etc., theatre, and non-core advertising, copyright industries include literature, interdependent copyright and industries of WIPO’s andtelevision, publishing arts, radio graphic video, and and visual photography, film include industries copyright core which in industries, copyright core non- and industries copyright core into classified are industries copyright 2004, of report Canadian the In The researches in Canada do not directly adopt the four categories classification as WIPO copyright industries. 5.2.3 Studies onAssessing theEconomicContributionof the Copyright–BasedIndustries.(WIPO PublicationNo.624e2006) Wall Communications Inc.TheEconomicContribution ofCopyright-BasedIndustries inCanada:The2004Report,WIPO. National

Canada clear anddataresearch combinesmarketanalysisandcountermeasures. same creative industries research done in Hong Kong. The characteristics of industry research are very the reflected in also is This disadvantages. and advantages their and creativeindustries of categories During the creative industriessystem. factors) due to the existence of copyright factors in the WIPO system, but there is no such concept in (copyright percentage certain a as counted is industries copyright partial in data economic the that WIPO’s The economic contribution indicators of UK’sof indicators contribution economic of those “creativeas aresame industries” the basically 48 , both including industry added-value, employment and export value. The differenceThe is value. export and employment added-value, industry including both Guide, h dt poesn ad oprsn te Ks eot a dn a eald nlss n the on analysis detailed a done has report UK’s the comparison, and processing data the The Economic Contribution of

The Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights to the European Economy The Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights to the European LEO Kah Mun, CHOW Kit Boey, LEE Kee Beng, ONG Chin Huat, LOY Wee Loon: The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Loon: The LEE Kee Beng, ONG Chin Huat, LOY Wee LEO Kah Mun, CHOW Kit Boey, of the Copyright –Based The 2004 Report, WIPO. National Studies on Assessing the Economic Contribution Industries in Singapore: Industries. (WIPO Publication No.624e 2006)

50 49 As for industry classification classification, product thefor Commission EU Economic adopts European The several as kinds such classifications ofother and classificationNACE systems,is which the most important of and (CPA2002) PRODCOM classification. Most ofnational thethe EU from countriesdata adoptoriginal thethe NACE directly statisticaluse classification researchers systems, statistical in differences big the to due but with a common framework. the data in accordance statistical offices and process The EU believes that in the copyright-related industries, copyright economic content the cannot with be deals only separated EU from the other in report the So determined. accurately be cannot proportion its or parts are industries copyright-related the and industries copyright-dependent and industries copyright core of data out of the statistical scope. The EU classifies core copyright industries into publishing and literature, music, software television, and radio arts, graphics and visual photography, video, and film opera, products, theatre and databases, advertising, etc. and it classifies copyright-dependent industries intowholesale as television,well as radio,equipment music VCR, and commercials TV broadcasting, equipment, other and recorders CD and retail, computers and related equipment, musical instruments, photographic camera other categories. equipment and industries are industries which partially depends on the object protected by copyright. industries which partially depends on the object protected industries are The EU classifies copyright industries into three categories core: copyright industries, interdependent copyright interdependent industries, copyright core: categories three into industries copyright classifies EU The production, creation, of industries are industries copyright core The industries. copyright-related and industries economic the measure to used are activities the all which in objects copyright other and works of distribution contribution of copyright. Interdependent copyright industries are also called copyright industries hardware which are the equivalent to the “interdependent copyright industries” of WIPO’s 5.2.5 From the research characteristics, the research report of Singapore in 2004 selects a relatively long time span time long relatively a selects 2004 in Singapore of report research the characteristics, research the From from 1986 to 2001 which is divided further into and 1986 state to 1990, reference 1990 a to as 1995, States 1995 United to the 2000 chooses and Singapore 2000 to countries, reference main of choice the In 2001. Sweden, Italy, France, Belgium, Austria, selects Singapore comparison, data for countries the of choice the in states. Britain and the EU as reference Singapore Singapore selects the statistical data from 1986 to 2001 and reflects deeply its developmentindustries of copyright by comparison of these data. Through copyright industries the from 1986 to comparative 2001, it has study increased from 7.1785 of billion US dollars Singapore’s to export 30.5147 billion value US dollars with of an annual average growth rate of 10.1%. The industry value-added of copyright industries annual average an with 2001 in dollars US billion 8.7299 to 1986 in dollars US billion 2.4258 from increases growth rate average of annual 8.9% growth rate and of Singapore’s GDP is 7.6% over the same period. In 1986 copyright industries provide jobs for 55421 people and in 2001 for 118617 people, with an average of annual 5.2% increase which is higher than the national rate employment of growth 3.5% over the same period. According to the statistical data of Singapore in 2001, the export value of its copyright industries is year’s the of 5.7% for accounting dollars US billion 8.7 is value-added industry the and dollars US billion 30.5 They also jobs provide for 118600 people accounting for 5.7% of employment in 2001. In GDP. addition to the yearly comparison of data and growth rate for the main data above, in the report, Singapore has also the annual provided corresponding data for the small categories under each one in with accordance WIPO’s copyright industries. study guide on the classification of 5.2.4 and industries copyright of research contribution economic the begun has Singapore 2003, November Since in Asia. carrying out this project it is the first country contribution contribution indexes of copyright industries are a little higher than and Australia’s as them. rate of copyright industries lower the same growth States’. They maintain than the United 68 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Diagram 30: average levelofthedevelopedcountries. the than lower level, middle relatively a at still is industries copyright core the of contribution economic the Nonetheless studies. such conducted fronthave the that at countries is the industries among copyright rank total Chinese of contribution economic the value-added, the measuring by that believe to reasonable is It (1.5%) are lowerthanChina. Ukraine and (1.6%) Bulgaria (1.7%), Jamaica (1.9%), Columbia (2.5%), Lebanon of Those 2006. in China of that than higher are (3.6%) Romania and (4.0%) Finland (6.6%), States United the (7.3%), Australia of (2.8%) are lower than that of China. However, the shares of value-added by core copyright industries in GDP Bulgaria and (2.9%) Ukraine (3.3%), Columbia (4.8%), Lebanon (4.8%), Jamaica (5.6%), Romania (5.9%), States United the in GDP national in industries been (11.1%) and Australia (10.3%, 2007) are higher than that of China in 2006, while those of the Netherlands copyright has total 2007 by or value-added 2005 of in shares industries the copyright by calculated, value-added the which of countries nine the Among copyright industries inGDPforthefourcountriesishigherthanthatofChina. core by value-added of share lower.However,the is it (4.3%) Croatia in and (4.5%) Canada in while period, same the during China of that than higher is (6.1%) Russia and (11.1%) States United the in GDP national in industries WIPO’scopyright accordancewith total by value-added shareof the formulation, in calculated been has 2004 in industries copyright by value-added the which of countries four the Among 5.3 Spain, SwedenandBritain.Thedataofthesecountrieswillnotbestatedhere onebyone. Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Austria, are countries 15 These Japan. and Canada States, United the of those and countries EU 15 of data related the lists it rights, related the and copyright on EU the of report contribution economic 2003 the In C omparison

Comparisons betweenChineseCopyright-BasedIndustryandOtherCountries’in2004

Research

Results

between C hina

and O ther C ountries The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China69 Comparisons between Chinese Copyright Industries and Other Countries’ in 2006 and Other Countries’ Copyright Industries between Chinese Comparisons

Diagram 31: 70 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China . An 6.1 on thisresearch andtheresearches doneinothercountries,weconcludeasfollows: results of this research are not qualitative descriptions. It just reflects the current status, not the trend. Based areas in China. Being pressed by time, cost and experience, this report is not enough in width and depth. The 2006 quantitatively. The research is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of some provinces and and 2004 in industries copyright Chinese of data the just analyses research this data, statistical of lack the of Because industries. copyright-based Chinese of contribution economic the into research first the is This . 6 r e t p a h C are oneofthemostactivearea ineconomicactivities. services software and technology new activities, creative the especially industries, copyright the that shows These countries’ annual growth rate of copyright-based industry is much higher than that of the GDP which of GDPis7.6%. of rate growth rate annual average the 8.9%, growthis 2001 to 1986 fromSingaporeannual of value-added industries copyright average The 3.27%. is GDP of rate growth annual average the 6.46%, is 2002 to 1991 from Canada of value-added industries copyright of rate growth annual average The 3.87%. is GDP industries value-added of the United States from 2003 to 2005 is 8.65%, the average annual growth rate of copyright of growthrate annual average The 2006. and 2004 years the during dramatically developed have industries equipment video home and computer printing, software, Chinese data, statistical to According growth. by China and other countries have proved that copyright industries are playing an important role in economic rate of the economic contribution of Chinese copyright-based industries accurately. However, all studies done economic the contribution on of copyright analysis industries quantitative in conducted 2004 and only 2006. has Therefore, study the this results statistics, cannot detailed reflectof the annuallack growth the to Due 6.1.2 industry. other 10 sectors, such as education, accommodation and catering, are lower than that of the core copyright the of proportions the (3.1%); livestock (3.6%), administration social and public (3.8%), supply water and posting (5.9%), mining (5.7%), construction industry (5.6%), real estate (4.6%), financial (4.0%), power, gas enjoyed higher proportion, including manufacturing, wholesale and retail, agriculture, transport, arestorage and GDP sectors industry,10 copyright to core the with industry.sectors Compared copyright-based the 18 of that other than lower the all of proportions The (6.6%). agriculture (33.6%), and manufacturing (7.3%) national retail 2006: the and in in wholesale industry sectors copyright-based 21 the the than proportion of higher 3 a only GDP, enjoy national economy to value-added industry of proportion the to As population. Theexportreached 149.3billionUSD,accountingfor15.4%ofthetotalnationalexport. employed national total the of 6.5% for accounting million, 7.63 was GDP.employment of of number The In 2006, the value-added of Chinese copyright-based industries was 1319.7 billion RMB, accounting for 6.4% population. Theexportreached 92.2billionUSD,accountingfor15.5%ofthetotalnationalexport. employed national total the of 5.6% for accounting million, 6.16 was GDP.employment of of number The In 2004, the value-added by Chinese copyright-based industries was 788.4 billion RMB, accounting for 4.9% 6.1.1

In terms of the growth rate, the annual growth rate of value-added of copyright-based industries is higher than that of GDP, GDP, of that than higher is industries copyright-based of value-added of rate growth annual the rate, growth the of terms In shown already has copyright and shape taken have industries copyright-based Chinese proportion, the of terms In copyright-based industries are crucial to economic growth. economic to crucial are industries copyright-based economy. national the on influence remarkable O verview

C s n o i s u l c n o

the D evelopment

of C hinese C opyright-Based I ndustries The Economic Contribution of

Outline of the National Intellectual Property Strategy Property Intellectual National the of Outline opyright-Based C hinese C for

nvironment E the

People’s People’s Daily when the China Copyright Law was revised in 2001: It is developing from a eveloping D guidance and supports are needed. copyright-based industry. relatively high but the core copyright industries should make more progress. Governments of various levels take positive measures to promote the development of copyright-based industry, still more China has established a relatively complete copyright protection system which lays foundation for the development of the Compared with other countries, the contribution of Chinese total copyright-based industries to the national economy is

which proposed to “Assist the development of copyright-related industries such as the press and publication, and press the as such industries copyright-related of development the “Assist to proposed which radio, film, television, literature and national clear with the arts,works of creation the support to need We networks. information culturaland software computer entertainment, advertising design, crafts, arts and features and characteristics of the times. We need to assist in the creation of excellent cultural works that have difficulties in market competition.” After that, local governments have also issued a series of copyright the survey has found that local outlines governmentsand policies. However, still have no integrated policies which can comprehensively use all means, such as finance and investment, toof promotethe thecopyright-based development industry. They also lack the enthusiasm for promoting As creativity. a result, needed for the copyright-based industry. guidance and supports are more In June of 2008, the Chinese government has issued the issued has government Chinese the 2008, of June In 6.2.2 With the copyright law as the core, relative regulations and international conventions as is which work, the hard continuous complement, of years 30 after system protection copyright modern a developed has China copyright China of executing the time, same the At rules. international and situations Chinese both to suitable law and the service system has been increasing, and the social copyright awareness is also developing. As commented by 6.2.1 planned with was that law a concern;social intensive attracts that one to people to from strange is that law economy features to one that is both suitable to the development of social markets linked up with the and international conventions. The set technology, and up and developing of the copyright protection system the for foundation legal laying works, scientific and artistic literature, of transmission and creation the ensure development of copyright-based industry. 6.2 At the same time the copyright factor is low in some of the copyright-based industries such as garment, textile garment, as such industries copyright-based the of some in low is factor copyright the time same the At and shoes, crafts, furniture, household ware, pottery and porcelain, glass industries, etc. That means that these industries generate low economic contribution due to the copyright. them of The many survey but employment shows increasing in that lot a most help which of enterprises labour-intensive are industries these just make copies or imitate each other with low more, creative many consciousness. enterprises What’s are awareness their Both value. added low with “manufacturers” pollution high and consuming energy high still promoted. to be are creation value-added by way of product and ability to increase The results indicate that, by standard of the industry China’s value-added, been ranking at the top of the countries investigated. However, overall copyright-based industry has the economic contribution of China’s the of that than lower is which level medium the at remains contribution economic industry’s copyright core developed countries. Based on the framework of WIPO, 12 countries have been surveyed for the increase in the value-added of of them shows that three in copyright-based industry the same year or adjacent years. The calculation result enjoy higher proportions of overall copyright-based industry value-added in national GDP than China does. 2006), and 2004 both in China of that than higher is which 2005 and 2004 both in (11.1% US the are They Australia (10.3% in 2007 which is higher 2005) than in (5.9% that Netherlands the of 2004), in China (4.5% in Canada countries, 2006) Other 2004). and in China Russia of (6.1% that than in higher 2004 which is and the other developed countries have lower proportions seven than countries ChHowever, hold a higher proportion of core copyright industry value-added than China does in the corresponding period. And five China. lower than of countries were 6.1.3 72 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China based industries in industries based research.this of part former Consequently, copyright- of classification derivative a establish to necessary is it exist. It is still important to do statistical research into copyright-based industries as has been illustrated in the do differences industries, cultural and industries copyright-based between overlaps some are there Though and range scope ofculturalandrelative industries. the regulate and work industry’sstatistical cultural the improve to activities economic national and practicalconclusionsonlyfrom thisresearch. Stillwecangeneraliseseveral suggestionsasfollows: How to quickly and better develop the copyright-based industry is a significant issue. We cannot get perfect 6.3 the copyright-basedindustry. of development the affected and enterprises of creativity the choked have phenomena These pirates. over are related to copyright. Also those people are not awarerelative of asked the When protection questions, copyright. of many of copyright them of cannot tell and what is consciousness show copyright and have little low no idea concern that the has products they staff are producing industry copyright partial while protection copyright the awareareof highly industry core copyright in transmitters creatorsand the that shows Survey 6.2.3 copyright knowledge. All others’. respect to and rights own their sectors protect of the society still to have to endeavour to it foster common people’suse to legal awareness and people disseminate the common the to system familiar protection yet copyright not The is law. the by abide and creativity advocate knowledge, respect to culture is suitable for both rules. Chinese However,situations and international we still have not formed a copyright which system protection copyright modern a developed has China work, hard continuous of years 30 After improved. medium or small sized enterprises. Consequently the consciousness and knowledge of copyright is still to be the protection of copyright has not been a mayor concern in the partial copyright industries, especially in the that say can We others. of rights the violate easily may they time, same the at and rights own their protectwell cannot enterprises These copyright. of methods and employees range most target, protection that the established about clear was not areit industries, copyright partial in factors industry of research the In 6.3.2 copyright-based industriesandlayfoundationsforitsstatisticalresearch. set and 2006 in departments the relativeup with co-operated Bureau Statistical State the reason, same the For requirement forresearch ofcopyright-basedindustries. ofcopyright- statistic the meet not research does this and the scientific years five every held is However,census industries. economic based the enables which classifications level four-digit of method the used has year, census economic the 2004, copyright in research. of Only needs the GDP meet cannot classification of kind economy.This national the in adopted divisions and sectors the on based are levels third and second resource.Chinese data andinsufficient the industries; three the is level first The classifications. classification level three-digit of method the using theindustry been has GDP is research this of difficulty major The 6.3.1

Partial copyright industry staff has low consciousness of copyright and there are serious pirate situations which have have which situations pirate serious are there and copyright of consciousness low has staff industry copyright Partial Strengthen Propaganda and Education; Heighten Staff’s Awareness of Copyright Copyright of Awareness Staff’s Heighten Education; and Propaganda Strengthen Industries Copyright-Based of Classification Professional Establish System; Statistical Improve affected the development of the copyright-based industry. copyright-based the of development the affected S , a derivative classification of classification derivative a Classification, Industry Relative and Culture uggestions Industrial classification for national economic activities economic national for classification Industrial

for P romoting

the D evelopment

of C hinese C opyright-Based to define, regulate our country’s our regulate define, to I ndustries Industrial classification for classification Industrial The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China73 Formulate Copyright Policies; Promote the Coordinated Development of Regional Economy

Research shows that, with broad terrain and glorious history, different regions in China have unique copyright copyright unique have China in regions different history, glorious and terrain broad with that, shows Research features. Some regions have made use of copyright to promote the development of local economy such as home textiles industry in Nantong on and industry copyright-based ceramics of functions industry positive the in and policies Dehua copyright local of established not the have regions Fujian province. However, most promoting the economy with local characteristics, the restructuring and optimisation of industry structures have not been sufficiently exerted yet. It is suggested that local government, based ontheir own features and advantages, indoors the development copyright of supporting regional policies coordinated to promote economy. 6.3.3 74 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Industry Classification Table 20: 1 x i d n e p p A Work ofart angop Subgroups Main groups

The SpecificClassificationofCoreCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheNationalEconomy

Library newsstand) (Bookstore and and literaryworks retail ofnewspaper Wholesale and advertisements newspapers and books, magazines, and afterprintingof Sample before,in other printedpapers map, directoryand Greeting cardand Digital publication 8810–Press Book publication 9220 publication Magazine/Journals News agency, etc. publication Newspaper Translator Writer a n i h C n i

T s e i r t s u d n I d e s a b - t h g i r y p o C f o n o i t a c i f i s s a l C c i f i c e p S e h classification UN product code 219031–Library 9231 5239 5139 2222 8829–Otherpublications 2221 2219 8821–Publicationofbooks 8823–Publicationofperiodicals 2211 2212 8822–Publicationofnewspapers 7494–Officeservices(includingtranslation) 2212 9010–Artisticcreationandperformance 7499 9214 6544 –Retailofnewspapersandperiodicals 6543 –Retailofbooks 6344 –Wholesaleofnewspapersandperiodicals 6343 –Wholesaleofbooks 2320 –Bindingandotherservicesofprinting 2319 –Printingofpackagingandupholstering 2312 –Printingofnotebooks 2311 –Printingofbooks,newspaperandperiodicals news publicationwebsite,cellphonepublication,etc. Including onlinejournal,digitalbooks,gamespublication, Chinese industryclassificationfour-digit codeindustryand its briefintroduction The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China75 7321 – Leasing of books and audio and video products 8910 – Radio 8920 – Television service of cable casting and cable 6031 – Transmission television 9010 – Artistic creation and performance 9010 – Artistic creation 9070 – Mass cultural activities for culture and arts 9080 – Economic agent activities 9210 – Indoor recreation activities 9290 – Other entertainment and video products 8824 – Publication of audio 8825 – Publication of electronic publications 8940 – Production of audio and video products 2330 – Reproduction of recorded media 6345 – Wholesale of recorded music and videos electronic 6545 – Retail of recorded music, videos and publications products 7321 – Leasing of books and audio and video 9213 6420 6420 service of satellite television 6040 – Transmission 7494 8220 – Photography and enlarging-print services 9214 and performance 9010 – Artistic creation 92119212picture and video production and distribution 8931 – Motion 7130 8932 – Motion picture exhibition 9211 9214 9219 9249 2230 5139 5233 7130 9214creation and performance 9010 – Artistic 9214 sites 9020 – Artistic performance Relevant servicesProduction and broadcast of radio and television 2230 of cable Transferring television 2330 – Reproduction of recorded media of Transferring satellite television Relevant services 9213 service of broadcasting and television 6032 – Transmission Play writer, director Play writer, and actor Making and publishing of film and video tape Film projection Rent and sale of video tape, including program ordering Melody writer, song Melody writer, adapter, writer, dancing guider, and actors director, other personnel Production and manufacture of music and sound recording product Wholesale and retail of music and sound recording product (sale and rent) Representation of art and writing Acting and relevant agency (booking and ticket office) The Specific Classification of Core Copyright Industries Corresponding to the National Economy to the National Corresponding of Core Copyright Industries Classification The Specific

Radio and television Photography Photography Music, opera, folk arts, dance and acrobatics Film and video tape Industry Classification (continued) Industry Classification Table 20: Table 76 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Industry Classification(continued) Table 20: services management and collective Copyright service Advertising model work design, graphand architectural Artistic and base Software anddata

The SpecificClassificationofCoreCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheNationalEconomy services management and Copyright collective publication fee) advertising (not including purchasing services Advertising agency, work Graph andmodel architectural design Artistic and database publication of Treatment and program, etc.) program, educational software (commercial of pre-installed Wholesale andretail designing programming and Planning, 129112 7440–Advertising 7430 9214 7230 7240 5151 7229 7221 diagrams, etc.) drawing, productdesignmaps,schematic types includinggraphandmodelworkforprojectdesign 7690 –Otherprofessionaltechnicalservices(theabove 7673 –Planningmanagement 7672 –Engineeringsurvey 7640 –Mappingservices G –Architecture(includingdesignofarchitecturalwork) 7672 –Engineeringsurveyanddesign 6547 –Retailofcraftsandcollections 6346 –Wholesaleofjewellery, craftsandcollections 3133 –Processingofconstructionstone 9010 –Artisticcreationandperformance 6120 –Dataprocessing 6019 –Otherservicesoftelegraphy 6190 –Othercomputerservices 6020 –Internetinformationservices equipment 6572 –Retailofcomputersandcomputerperipheral equipment 6375 –Wholesaleofcomputersandcomputerperipheral 621 –Softwareindustries The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China77 , whether single sheet or not , whether single sheet Description paper or other stationary made of cardboard; book cover paper or other stationary

not

Newspapers, magazines and journals, whether having pictures or advertising materials Newspapers, magazines and journals, whether or wall map, printed maps, hydrographic chart and similar marks, including atlas, Various contour map, globe and sphere personal greeting, congratulation, printed Postcard with pictures printed on; card with trimming or not message, whether with picture, envelop and for recording card” and other media used Disk, tape, solid state non-volatile store, “smart it has been recorded or not, including sound and other information, no matter whether but not including the product in Chapter 37 master splice and master tape used for copying, (photographic and cinematographic goods) soft film, except the filmstrip with sound Exposed and washed photographic hard and channel Computer software (only used for exit, not including software integrated with product curing and integration) Not including manual script of designing papers for architecture, engineering, industry, commerce, topography or similar use. The duplicate of the above mentioned works by way of photo sensitive paper or carbon paper shall also be excluded. Paste-up and similar decorate panels Oil painting, pastel and other hand-painting but excepts drawings with a hand-painted and hand-painted decoration of the products or items 4906 (hand-painted architectural, original design engineering, industrial, commercial, topographical or similar usage of the of the drawings; manuscripts; using sensitive photographic paper copy or transcription above items with the carbon paper copy); collage and similar decorative plate Paper or paper made register book, account book, notebook, ordering book, receipt book, register book, account book, notebook, ordering Paper or paper made book, loose blotter diary book and similar things, exercise book, letter book, word pad, book multiple business form paper, dossier, loose-leaf), file folder, cover(loose-leaf and non made sample sheet, and other office supplies; paper or paper with carbon paper in leaf The 8-digit code of this category is: album and book cover. 48209000 3706 and washed filmstrip, whether added or only with sound channel Exposed 8523 9803 4906 4902 4909 4910 core including calendar printed calendar, Various 4911 press work, including printed pictures and photos Other 4904 or not Original and printed copy of music book, whether binding, with picture printed 9701 97029703 Original copy of engraving, art prints, lithograph Sculpture original copy made of various materials 4903 Children picture books, drawing and painting books 4905 4901 Books, brochure, leaflet and similar printed paper 4820 -Digit Code) The Specific Classification of Core Copyright Industries Corresponding to Customs Analysis to Customs Analysis Corresponding of Core Copyright Industries Classification The Specific

Main groups Code Visual and Visual drawing art Film and video tape Photography Software and 3705 data base Music and opera work News and literary work Classification ( Four Table 21: Table 78 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Industry Classification Table 22: Musical instruments Computer andequipment similar equipment equipment, andother electronic game cassette players, players, DVD TV sets,radio,VCRs,CD Main groups

The SpecificClassificationofInterdependentCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtoNationalEconomy classification UN product code 5233 5139 3692 7123 5151 3000 7130 5233 5139 3230

7329 –Leasingofotherculturalanddaily-useproducts 6549 –Retailofotherculturalarticles 6349 –Wholesaleofotherculturalarticles 2439 –Manufacturingofothermusicalinstrumentsandaccessories 2433 –Manufacturingofelectronicmusicalinstruments 2432 –Manufacturingofwesternmusicalinstruments 2431 –ManufacturingofChinesemusicalinstruments 6130 –Repairofcomputers 6110 –Computersystemservices 7314 –Leasingofcomputerandcommunicationequipments 6572 –Retailofcomputer, softwareandcomputerperipheralequipment 6375 –Wholesaleofcomputer, softwareandcomputerperipheralequipment 4043 –Manufacturingofcomputerperipheralequipment 4042 –Manufacturingofcomputernetworkequipment 4041 –Manufacturingofwholemachinecomputer 8313 –Repairofhomeappliance 6571 –Retailofhomeelectronicequipment equipments 6376 –Wholesaleofcommunication,broadcastingandtelevision 6374 –Wholesaleofhomeappliance 6349 –Wholesaleofotherculturalgoods 2452 –Manufactureofgamesandindoorequipment 4013 –Manufactureofcommunicationterminaldevice 4072 –Manufacturingofhomevideoequipments 4071 –Manufacturingofhomevideoequipments TV equipments 4039 –ManufacturingofappliedTVequipmentsandotherbroadcasting instruments 4032 –ManufacturingofbroadcastingandTVreceivingequipments equipment 4031 –Manufactureofradioandtelevisionprogramstransmitting Chinese industryclassificationfour-digit codeindustryanditsbrief introduction The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China79 Description 4151 – Manufacturing of film machinery 4151 – Manufacturing of epidiascope and projecting equipments 4152 – Manufacturing of camera and related apparatus 4153 – Manufacturing of information chemical productions 2665 – Manufacturing cultural articles 6349 – Wholesale of other products machinery equipments and electronic 6379 – Wholesale of other apparatus 6548 – Retail of photographic products 7329 – Leasing of other cultural and daily-use 8319 – Repair of other daily-use products equipments 4154 – Manufacturing of copying and offsetting 8312 – Repair of office equipments 3642 – Manufacturing of printing equipments and electronic products 6379 – Wholesale of other machinery equipments 6579 – Retail of other electronic productions 2665 – Manufacturing of information chemical productions 2665 – Manufacturing of information chemical 6374 – Wholesale of home appliance and paperboard 2221 – Manufacturing of machine-made paper 2222 – Manufacturing of hand-made paper 2223 – Manufacturing of processed paper 2239 – Manufacturing of other paper material 6391 – Recovery and wholesale of regeneration 6341 – Wholesale of stationery 6541 – Retail of stationery replaying device or not frequency regulator or not device or sound recording or not, replaying device; television video camera, digital camera and video camcorder sound recording or not, replaying device or clock picture recording or replaying device; video monitor and projector item 8528 85198520 Sound recording or replaying equipment with sound Cassette recorder and other sound recording equipment, whether 8521 signal recording or replaying equipment, whether equipped with high Video 8525 with receiving Radio broadcast, television transmitting device, whether equipped 8527cabinet with Radio broadcast receiving device, whether assembled in the same 8528 receiving device, whether equipped with radio or not, sound and Television 8529 in listed Used specifically or mainly items 8528 and equipment or device parts Code 3320 5139 5239 7129 3000 5159 2429 5152 5233 5149 5239 2101 The Specific Classification of Interdependent Copyright Industries Corresponding to National Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Interdependent Classification The Specific The Specific Classification of Interdependent Copyright Industries Corresponding to Customs Analysis The Specific Classification of Interdependent Copyright Industries Corresponding Main groups

Photography Photocopiers Blank recording material Paper Television, radio, video camera, Television, cassette DVD player, CD player, video game device and player, similar devices Economy Industry Classification (continued) Economy Industry Classification Table 22: Table Table 23: Table Classification 80 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Classification (continued) Table 23: optradrlvn eie 8471 Computer andrelevantdevices

The SpecificClassificationofInterdependentCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtoCustomsAnalysis 84719000 84717010 84716072 84716071 84716040 84716031 84716012 84716011 84715090 84715020 computer 84715010 84714991 84714940 systematicmicrocomputer 84714190 84718090 84718020 84718010 84717090 84717030 84717020 84716090 84716060 84716050 computer 84716039 84716033 84716032 84716019 84715040 84714920 84714910 84714120 84714110 84713000 84711000 The 8-digitcodesofthiscategoryare: form tothedatarecordingmediaandmachinesprocessingthese unlisted, magneticoropticalreaders,machinestransferringthedataincode Automatic dataprocessingequipmentandtheircomponents;otheritems 84714140

CRT LCD other digitalprocessingunits processing partsofmicrocomputer processing partsofminicomputer processing partsofsupercomputer systematic distributedindustrialprocessingcontrolunits systematic minicomputer systematic supercomputer unlisted digitalautomaticprocessingunits other microdigitalautomaticprocessors mini digitalautomaticprocessors super weight analog ormixauto-processor other magneticoropticreaderandprocessor unlisted automaticprocessingunitsandparts Router HUB other storageparts optical driver floppy disk hard diskdrive other inputoroutputparts mouse keyboard digitizer scanner supercomputer other printers ink printer laser printer stylus printer other displays

, large,mid-sizeddigitalautomaticprocessor

≤10kg portabledigitalautomaticprocessor

, largecomputer, mid-sizedcomputerandmicro-

, largecomputerandmid-sized

The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China81 instruments reeds castanets, horn gourd) electric accordion) example, electric organ, electric guitar, a in other items of this chapter; saw and other musical instruments unlisted mouth blown horn acoustic variety of media induced audio device, whistle, signaling device volumes used for mechanical accessories (for example, cards, disk and tape and various tuning pipe musical instruments); metronome, tuning fork and textile; a light-sensitive flat soft film of cardboard any material except paper, or not unexposed polaroid film, whether sub-packaged unexposed polaroid film in rolls cardboard and textiles; except paper, cardboard and textiles rationed or retail packing, similar agents); photographic non-blended products, use: rationed or retail packing available for immediate except discharge lamp of items 8539 not picture) enlarger and microfilm machine this chapter; negative display; screens and other projection screen and micro-projection similar agents); photographic non-blended products, rationed or retail packing, rationed or retail packing available for immediate use: tools from items 84.56 to 84.65); printing edition (sheet), roller and other printing components; made for printing (for example, planning, embossed, or polished) board ( sheet), roller and slab of item 84.42; other printers, copiers and fax machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories of the machines above counting and packing machines, machine, automatic pay machines, coin sorter, puncher or stapler) pencil sharpener, sensitive copying equipment, 9201 and other keyboard stringed including automatic pianos; harpsichords Piano, 9202 violin, harp) 9203 Other stringed instruments (for example, guitar, instruments with free metal Keyboard organ; reed organ, and similar keyboard 92049205 and similar instruments: harmonica Accordions 9206 aerophones Other xylophone, cymbals, cymbals, instruments (for example, drums, Percussion 9207 its sound generated or expanded by electricity (for Musical instrument with 9208musical songbirds, mechanical organ, hand park, amusement in organ box, Music 9209 (for example, mechanical devices of music box), Musical instrument parts 3702 light-sensitive film in rolls, made from any material Unexposed photographic 3703 cardboard and textiles 3704 light-sensitive paper, Unexposed photographic unwashed photographic hard and soft film, paper, Have been exposed but 3707 (not including glazing paint, glue, adhesives and Photographic chemical agents 9006 camera); photographic flash devices and flash bulbs, but Camera (except movie 9007or replaying device or whether with sound recording Movie camera, projector, 9008 but except the one used for movie; pictures(except movie projector, Video 9010 items of Camera (including film) suction device and equipment unlisted in other 9011 micro film Compound optical microscopes, including those for microphotography, 8442 machine Machines, apparatus and equipment used for making plates (except 8443 component Machines using the printing edition (sheet), roller and other printing 8469 except printer of item 84.43, word processor 8472 Typewriter, graph, address copy Other office machines (for example, gelatin duplicator, 9009 and heat- photosensitive copying equipment with optical system or contact type 3701 light-sensitive hard film and flat soft film, made from Unexposed photographic 3707 and Photographic chemical agents (not including glazing paint, glue, adhesives The Specific Classification of Interdependent Copyright Industries Corresponding to Customs Analysis Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Interdependent Classification The Specific

Musical instruments Camera and movie photographic equipment Photocopiers Classification (continued) Table 23: Table 82 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Classification (continued) Table 23: Papers Blank recordingmedia

The SpecificClassificationofInterdependentCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtoCustomsAnalysis 81Paper, paperboard,cellulosewaddingand fiberwebpaperscoated, 4811 80Paperandpaperboardinrectangular(includingsquare)ofanysize,single-sided 4810 91The8-digitcodeofthiscategory: 5901 Envelopes,lettercard,plainpostcardsandcommunicationcardmadefrompaper 4817 86The8-digitcodeofthiscategory: 4806 Writing, printingorsimilarpurposeswithoutthecoatingofpaperand Newsprintsinrollsorsheets 4802 4801 Unrecordedmediamadeforaudiodubbing(recording)butexceptproductof 8523 48115110 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategory: any size,butexceptgoodsofitem48.03,48.09or48.10 dipping, covered,dyed,finished,orprintedinrectangular(includingsquare)of 48102900 48102200 48101900 48101400 48101300 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategory: adhesive), butwithoutpaintcoating,whetherornotstained,finishedprinted or double-sidedcoatedkaolinotherinorganicsubstances(whethernotwith 59019099 59019092 59019091 59019010 59011020 59011010 all kindsofpaperstationery and paperboard;boxes,bags,clipmadeofpaperorpaperboard,containing 59011090 48063000 translucent paperinrollsorsheets paper, tracingpaper, translucentpaperandotherhigh-glosstransparentor or 4803;hand-madepaperandpaperboardvegetableparchment,greaseproof (including square)inrollsorsheets,anysize,butexceptpaperofitems4801 paperboard, notperforatedpunchedpaperboardcardboard,rectangular Chapter 37

double resin-coatedpaper inorganic writingandprintinglightpaper other writingorprintingpaper writing paper fibre writing orprintingpaperinvolumeandpaperboard,machinery other inorganicwritingandprintingpaper hats starching textilesmadeofotherfibreusedforcanvasorinterlinings of interlinings ofhats starching textilesmadeofchemicalfibreusedforcanvasor interlinings ofhats starching textilesmadeofcottonorhempusedforcanvas canvas forpainting other fibreplatedwithgumorstarchusedforbookcovers chemical fibreplatedwithgumorstarchusedforbookcovers cotton orlinenfabricsplatedwithgumstarchusedforbookcovers tracing paper ≤10% , machineryfibre≤10%

, 150g/m , machineryfibre≤10% 2 , machineryfibre>10% , machineryfibre>10%

The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China83 introduction 4-digit code industries in China’s industrial classification and brief industrial classification in China’s 4-digit code industries 1711 – Spinning and weaving of cotton and chemical fibers 1711 – Spinning and weaving of cotton and chemical fibers 1712 – Printing and dyeing of wool 1722 – Spinning and weaving and refining of wool 1723 – Printing, dyeing and other hemps 1730 – Spinning and weaving of ramee, flax 1742 – Processing of silk waste and silk 1743 – Printing, dyeing and refining of silk fiber products 1751 – Manufacturing of cotton and chemical 1752 – Manufacturing of woolen products textile 1753 – Manufacturing of jute, ambary and greengage 1754 – Manufacturing of silk products 1757 – Manufacturing of nonwoven fabrics products of cotton & 1761 – Manufacturing of knitted & crocheted chemical fibers products of wool 1762 – Manufacturing of knitted & crocheted products of silk 1763 – Manufacturing of knitted & crocheted products 1769 – Manufacturing of other knitted & crocheted 1810 – Manufacturing of clothes 1820 – Manufacturing of textile fabric shoes 1830 – Manufacturing of hats 1921 – Manufacturing of leather shoes 1922 – Manufacturing of leather clothes 1924 – Manufacturing of leather gloves and leather accessories and processing of fur 1931 – Tanning 1932 – Processing of fur clothes 1942 – Processing of feather (down) products 2960 – Manufacturing of rubber boots 3081 – Manufacturing of plastic shoes 6331 – Wholesale of textile, hosiery and material 6332 – Wholesale of apparel 6333 – Wholesale of footwear and hats 6531 – Retail of textile fabric and hosiery 6532 – Retail of apparel 6533 – Retail of shoes and hats 1810 1721 1920 5131 5232 code classification UN industrial The Classification of Partial Copyright Industries Corresponding to the National Industries the National Industries Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Partial The Classification

Major groups Apparel, textiles and footwear Classification Standards Table 24: Table 84 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Classification Standards(continued) Table 24: Furniture Other crafts Jewellery andcoins

The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheNational 7130 5139 3610 5239 9199 5239 5139 3691 6582 –Retailoffurniture 6339 –Wholesaleofotherhouseholdgoods 2190 –Manufacturingofotherfurniture 2140 –Manufacturingofplasticfurniture 2130 –Manufacturingofmetalfurniture 2120 –Manufacturingofbambooandcanefurniture 2110 –Manufacturingofwoodenfurniture 6547 –Retailofcraftsandcollections 6346 –Wholesaleofjewellery, craftsandcollections 4229 –Manufacturingofotherdaily-usearticles 4221 –Manufacturingofmirrorsandothersimilarproductions 4219 –Manufacturingofothercrafts 4218 –Manufacturingofjewelleryandrelatedarticles 4216 –Manufacturingofdrawnworkandembroiderycraftworks 4215 –Manufacturingofwovencraftworksmadenaturalplantfiber 4214 –Manufacturingofflowerpaintingcraftworks 4213 –Manufacturingoflacquerworks 4212 –Manufacturingofmetalcraftworks 4211 –Manufacturingofsculpturecraftworks 6546 –Retailofjewellery 6547 –Retailofcraftsandcollections 6346 –Wholesaleofjewellery, craftsandcollections metal 3491 –Manufacturingofmintandlaboratoryarticlesmadebynoble 4218 –Manufacturingofjewelleryandrelatedarticles The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China85 203 – Manufacturing of woodwork 203 – Manufacturing of of daily-use plastic goods 3082 – Manufacturing of flat glass 3141 – Manufacturing of technical glass 3142 – Manufacturing of optical glass 3143 – Manufacturing of glass instruments 3144 – Manufacturing of daily-use glass products and glass containers 3145 – Manufacturing receptacles 3146 – Manufacturing of heat-preserving glass products 3147 – Manufacturing of glass fiber and its plastic products 3148 – Manufacturing of glass-fiber-intensified 3149 – Manufacturing of other glass products 3151 – Manufacturing of sanitation ceramics 3152 – Manufacturing of special ceramics 3153 – Manufacturing of daily-used ceramics lay-out and others 3159 – Manufacturing of ceramics for gardening, 3132 – Manufacturing of construction ceramics 3472 – Manufacturing of enamel sanitary ware and other enamel products 3479 – Manufacturing of enamel commodity of stainless steel and 348 – Manufacturing of daily-use products made other metal 3972 – Manufacturing of lighting equipments appliance and various 6334 – Wholesale of kitchen and washroom household supplies 6339 – Wholesale of other household goods 6539 – Retail of other household goods 4217 – Manufacturing of carpets and tapestries 2239 – Manufacturing of other paper 6339 – Wholesale of other household goods collections crafts and 6346 – Wholesale of jewellery, 6547 – Retail of crafts and collections 2440 – Manufacturing of toys 2451 – Manufacturing of equipments for open amusement park apparatus 2452 – Manufacturing of game articles and indoor-game 6349 – Wholesale of other cultural articles 6549 – Retail of other cultural articles 9050 – Museum 9060 – Martyrs’ cemetery and memorial museum 21 173 2610 2029 2899 5139 5233 1722 5239 3694 5139 5239 74217499 7421 – Construction business 9232 4900 – Building decoration The Classification of Partial Copyright Industries Corresponding to the National Industries the National Industries Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Partial The Classification

Family articles, ceramics and glass Wallpaper and carpet Wallpaper Toys and game facilities Toys Construction, project and investigation Interior decoration and design Museums Classification Standards (continued) Classification Standards Table 24: Table 86 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Customs Table 25: for glassandceramics. consideration ofthiswhenmeasuringthecopyrightfactors,forexamplefactorapparel isonly0.4%and0.3% divided precisely) andforthecomparisonwithothercountries,thisstudydoesnotexcludethesesubgroups butwehavetakenfull such asthesubgroups inapparel, textiles,glassandceramics.However, duetothelimitationofstatistics(somecannotbe Note: Amongthefour-digit industrialcategoriesofpartialcopyrightindustries,somesubgroups are notquiterelated tocopyright hats clothing, textile,shoesand Gnrlidsra rusCode Generalindustrialgroups

The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheStandardsby 83leno,excludingnarrowfabricslistedinitem 5806 5803 towelwovenandrelatedterryfabrics, excludingnarrowfabricslisted in 5802 napped machine-woven fabricsandchenillefabrics,excludingthe 5801 non-woven fabrics,nomatterwhetheritismacerated,spread,enveloped, 5603 felting,no matterwhetheritismacerated,spread,enveloped,laminatedornot 5602 machine-woven fabricsusingshortman-madefiber 5516 othermachine-woven fabricsusingshortsyntheticfiber 5515 machine-woven fabricswithshortsyntheticfiber, lessthan85%syntheticfiber 5514 machine-woven fabricswithshortsyntheticfiber, lessthan85%syntheticfiber 5513 machine-wovenfabricswithshortsyntheticfiber, 85%syntheticfibercontentor 5512 machine-wovenfilament-yarnfabricswithman-madefiber, includingmachine- 5408 machine-wovenfilament-yarnfabricswithsyntheticfiber, thatismachine-woven 5407 machine-wovenfabricsusingothernaturaltextilefiber; 5311 machine-wovenfabricsusingjuteorothertextilebastfiberlistedinitem 5303 5310 machine-wovenlinenfabrics 5309 othermachine-wovenfabrics 5212 machine-wovencottonfabrics,mixedwithchemicallessthan85% cotton 5211 machine-wovencottonfabrics,mixedwithchemicallessthan85% cotton 5210 machine-wovencottonfabrics,85%contentorabovebyweight,morethan 5209 machine-wovencottonfabrics,85%contentorabovebyweight,lessthan 5208 machine-wovenfabricsmadeofbristleorhorsehair 5113 machine-wovenfabricsmadeofcombingwoolorotherfur 5112 machine-wovenfabricsmadeofcardingwoolorotherfur 5111 productsmadeofman-madefurriery 4304 clothing,accessoriesandotherproductsmadeoffurriery 4303 otherproductsmadeofleatherorprocessed 4205 clothesandadornmentsmadeofleatherorprocessed 4203 otherplasticproductsandmadeofmaterialslistedin3901 to3914: 3926 item 5806;tuftedfabrics,excluding productslistedinitem5703 fabrics listedinitems5802and5806 laminated ornot content byweight,mixedwithcotton,morethan170gramspersquare meter content byweight,mixedwithcotton,lessthan170gramspersquare meter above byweight woven fabricsusingmaterialslistedinitem5405 fabrics usingmaterialslistedinitem5404 using paperyarn content byweight,morethan200gramspersquaremeter content byweight,lessthan200gramspersquaremeter 200 gramspersquaremeter 200 gramspersquaremeter 39262000 inthisclassification clothes andadornmentsmadeofleatherwiththe8-digitcodegroupwhichis Brief introduction The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China87 fabrics and crochet fabrics; coiling, strip or patterned lace, excluding the fabrics coiling, strip or patterned lace, excluding fabrics and crochet fabrics; 6006 listed in items 6002 to (e. g. small appliqué decorative carpet pattern as well as hand-embroidered not no matter whether it is ready-made or stitches and cross-stitch), piece goods) yarn but without weft yarn (strings to bundle narrow fabrics with warp in other similar places used as stage and photographic settings or item 6001 excluding products listed in elastomeric yarn or rubber thread in weight, items 6001 excluding products listed in elastomeric yarn or rubber thread in weight, and 6002 item 6001 excluding products listed in elastomeric yarn or rubber thread in weight, products listed in items 6001 to 6004 anorak, and other related products, (including skiing jacket), windcheater, excluding products listed in Item 6103 anorak, and other related products, (including skiing jacket), windcheater, excluding products listed in item 6104 bathing trunks) and brace overalls, breeches and pants (excluding and pants piece dress, skirt, pant skirt, trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches (excluding swimming suit) wrappage and other related products bathrobe, wrappage and other related products sleepwear, gradually-pressing stockings (e.g. stockings which can treat varicosity) and non- separate-sole shoes or not 5805 decorative carpet of the related Frend, Bovet and other hand-woven Gobelin, 5806 glued products listed in item 5807; narrow machine-woven fabrics, excluding the 5906 products listed in item 5902 excluding processed with rubber, textile 5907 canvas textile macerated, spread or enveloped with other materials; ready-painted 6001 terry fabrics knitted or crocheted napped fabrics, including long pile fabrics and 6002 in or above knitted or crocheted fabrics, less than 30 centimeters in width, 5% 6003 in 5% knitted or crocheted fabrics, less than 30 centimeters in width, below 6004 in or above knitted or crocheted fabrics, more than 30 centimeters in width, 5% 6005 warp knitting (including the ones knitted by lace knitting machine), excluding 6006 other knitted or crocheted fabrics 6101 with hood overcoat, car coat, cloak, cape, jacket knitted or crocheted men’s 6102 jacket with hood overcoat, car coat, cloak, cape, knitted or crocheted women’s 6103 style suit, leisure suit, overcoat, trousers, bib Western knitted or crocheted men’s 6104 style suit, leisure suit, overcoat, one- Western knitted or crocheted women’s 6105 knitted or crocheted shirt 6106 knitted or crocheted blouse 6107 bathrobe, brief, short pants, nightgown, sleepwear, knitted or crocheted men’s 6108 full slip, underskirt, short pants, panties, nightdress, knitted or crocheted women’s 6109 undershirt and other vests knitted or crocheted T-shirt, 6110 cardigan, waistcoat and other related products knitted or crocheted pullover, 6111 wear and other accessories knitted or crocheted infant’s 6112 ski suit and swimsuit knitted or crocheted sportswear, 6113 5907 clothing made of knitted or crocheted fabrics listed in items 5903, 5906 and 6114 other knitted or crocheted clothing 6115 including knitted or crocheted panty-hose, tights, hose, socks and other hosiery, 6116 fingers knitted or crocheted gloves, mittens, no matter whether they cover all the 5804 machine-woven fabrics, knitted tulle grenadine and other mesh fabrics, excluding The Classification of Partial Copyright Industries Corresponding to the Classification Standards by the the Classification Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Partial The Classification

clothing, textile, shoes and hats (continjued) Customs (continued) Table 25: Table 88 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Customs (continued) Table 25: hats clothing, textile,shoesand

The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheStandardsby 51hatfelt,bodyandhoodmadeoffelting, whicharenotwedgedintoshapeand 6501 othershoesandboots 6405 shoesand bootswhosevampsaremadeoffabricswhileoutsoles 6404 shoesand bootswhosevampsaremadeofleatherwhileoutsoles of 6403 othershoes andbootswhoseoutsolesvampsaremadeofrubberorplastics 6402 water-proofed shoesandbootswhoseoutsolesvampsaremadeofrubberor 6401 retail-packaging setofproductscontainingmachine-wovenfabricsandyarns, 6308 otherready-madeproducts,includingclothingcuttingdrawing 6307 otherfabricproductsfordecoration,excludinglistedinitem9404 6304 windowcurtain(includingdrapes)andveiling;drapebedspread 6303 fabricproductsusedonbed,dinnertable,inthebathroomandkitchen 6302 blanketandtravellingrug 6301 otherclothingaccessories;partsoftheoraccessories,excluding 6217 glovesandmittens,nomatterwhethertheycoverallthefingersornot 6216 necktieandbowtie 6215 shawl,babushka,scarf,veil,yashmakandproductsorsimilarkind 6214 handkerchief 6213 brassiere,bellyband,foundationgarment,galluses,stockingsuspender, garter 6212 sportswear, skisuitandswimsuit;otherclothing 6211 clothingmadeoftextilelistedinitems5602,5603,5903,5906or5907 6210 infant’s wearandclothingaccessories 6209 women’s vest,underwear, fullslip,underskirt,shortpants,panties,nightdress, 6208 men’s vest,underwear, briefs,short pants,nightgown,sleepwear, bathrobe, 6207 blouse 6206 shirt 6205 women’s Western stylesuit,leisureovercoat,one-piecedress,skirt, pantskirt, 6204 men’s Western stylesuit,leisureovercoat,trousers,bibandbrace overalls, 6203 women’s overcoat,carcoat,cloak,cape,jacketwithhood (includingskiing jacket), 6202 men’s overcoat,carcoat,cloak,cape,jacketwithhood(including skiing jacket), 6201 otherready-madeknittedorcrochetedaccessories; 6117 which areusedforhat-making(including thecutfeltingroll) which hatbrimisnotattachedto; roundhatplatemadeoffeltingandrolls rubber, plastics,leatherorprocessed rubber, plastics,leatherorprocessed tucking orothersimilarmethods plastics, andthevampisnotfixedontooutsolebystitching,riveting, nailing, tablecloth, napkinsandotherfabricproducts with orwithoutaccessories,usedformakingrugs,decorationcarpet, embroidered products listedinitem6212 crocheted and otherrelatedproductsaccessories,nomatterwhethertheyareknittedor sleepwear, bathrobe,wrappageandotherrelatedproducts wrappage andotherrelatedproducts trousers, bibandbraceoveralls,breechespants(excludingswimmingsuit) breeches andpants(excludingbathingtrunks) 6204 windcheater, anorak,andotherrelatedproducts,excludingproductslistedinitem 6203 windcheater, anorak,andotherrelatedproducts,excludingproductslistedinitem parts onclothingoraccessories The Economic Contribution of

unlisted sculptures made of cheap metal and other ornaments sculptures plated with precious metal and other ornaments cloisonné sculptures and other ornaments

83062910 83062990 into shape and which the hat brim, lining and decorations are not attached to the hat brim, lining and decorations are not into shape and which lining or decorations matter whether they have decorations any made of with or without lining or decorations; hairnet textile (excluding strips), lining or decorations material, with or without mixture and its products e.g. yarn, and magnesium carbonate; above-mentioned they are and boots, gasket, no matter machine-woven fabrics, clothing, hats, shoes in items 6811 and 6813 reinforced or not, excluding products listed synthetic or reforged) and 3914 other wooden statuette and jewellery or cutting tools and other similar products; in chapter 94. decorations; wooden furniture not included parallel- related materials made by sewed into wide straps or not; plait and other they are ready-made or not (e. g. connecting or interlacing, no matter whether mats, matting and curtain) listed in item 4601; loofah products metal other related products made of base metal; photo frame, picture frame and other related frame made of base metal; mirror made of base metal The 8-digit code of this category are: 83062100 materials for sculpting and products made of them (including molding products) 6503 hat plate are listed in item 6501, no hood and round felting hats whose hat body, 6504 material, with or without lining or hats or hats spliced with strips of any knitted 6505 felting or other of embroidery, knitted or crocheted hats and hats made of batches 6506 other hats, with or without decorations 6812 or asbestos processed asbestos fiber; mixture whose basal component is asbestos 7113 metal jewellery and accessories made of noble metal or plated with noble 7116 (natural, products made of natural or cultured pearl, gem and semiprecious gem 7117 artificial jewellery 7118 coins 3926 items 3901 other plastic products and other products made of materials listed in 4420 casket for storing inlaid wood (including fine inlaid wood); wooden or paper box or 5810 embroidery of bolt or piece 4601 they are plait and other related products made of interlacing materials, no matter 4602 or materials basketry and other interlacing products made of interlacing materials 7114precious gold or silver appliance and parts made of precious metal or filed with 8306 non-electric bell, gong and other related products made of base metal; statue and 6502 of any material, which is not wedged hat felt or hat felt spliced with strips knitted 9601 processed animal teeth, bone, turtle shell, horn, buck horn, coral and other The Classification of Partial Copyright Industries Corresponding to the Classification Standards by the the Classification Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Partial The Classification

other handicrafts jewellery and coins clothing, textile, shoes and clothing, textile, shoes hats Customs (continued) Table 25: Table 90 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Customs (continued) Table 25: glass family articles,ceramicsand furniture

The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheStandardsby 47woodentools,toolsupport,grip,broom, brushanditsgrip;woodenlast of 4417 woodenbucket,barrel,basin,andother related bucket,aswellaccessories, 4416 wooden packingcase,woodenbox,crate,bucketandotherrelatedcontainers; 4415 wooden pictureframe,photoopticalframeandotherrelatedproducts 4414 suitcase, valise,handbag,boxfile,briefcase,schoolbag,glassesbox,binoculars 4202 otherplasticproductsandmadeofmaterialslistedinitems3901 3926 plasticproductsforbuildingwhicharenotlistedinotheritems 3925 tableware,kitchenware,otherfamilyarticlesandsanitarywarewhichare madeof 3924 92plasticbathtub,showertray 3922 43otherfurnitureandaccessories 9403 41seats(includingchairbed,butexcludingproductslistedinitem9402)andthe 9401 shoes andboots including clapboard transportation; woodentraycage wooden cabledrum;woodpallet,boxpalletandotherboard for materials e.g.thebagorcaseiscoveredwithasheetofpaper) textile materials,vulcanizedpaperorcardboard(someofthemuse alittle other containers ofthiskind,whicharemadeleather, processedleather, plasticsheet, saddlebag, sportsbag,bottlecase,jewelpuffbox,tableware case andother gripsack, shoppingbag,purse,wallet,mapcase,cigarette cigarette bag, traveling bag,insulatedbagforstoringfoodanddrinks,cosmetic bag,canvas bag, box, casesformusicalinstruments,holsterandothercontainers of thiskind; and 3914 plastics and lid,waterclosetotherrelatedsanitaryware 94036099 94036091 94036010 94038010 94037000 94035010 94034000 94033000 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategoryare: 94038099 94038091 94035099 94035091 94032000 94017190 surface 94016190 surface 94016110 94019090 94018090 94018010 94017110 94015000 94014010 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategoryare: accessories 94017900 94016900 94014090

other metalfurniture furniture madeofunlistedmaterial stone furniture furniture madeofcane,wicker plastic furniture unlisted famouswoodfurniture other lacquerwoodfurniture other rosewoodfurniture other woodfurnitureforbedroom lacquer woodfurnitureforbedroom rosewood furnitureforbedroom wood furniturefork wood furnitureforoffice other partsofseats other seats other seatsmadeofstone other metal-frameseats other metal-frameseatswithsoftpad seats madeofmetalframewithsoftpadandleatherorrecycled other wood-frameseats other wood-frameseatswithsoftpad seats madeofwoodframewithsoftpadandleatherorrecycled seats madeofcane,wicker other convertiblechairs,exceptforthoseusedincourtyardorcamp convertible chairmadeofleatherorrecycled

, washingtank,washstand,bidet,bedpan,toiletseat

itchen

, bambooorsimilarmaterial

The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China91 floor board, wooden tile and shingle floor board, wooden tile other related products products for building or without backing other related products without glazing, with other related products, with or without backing and other related fixed sanitary ware reflecting and non-reflecting processing method, no matter they have absorbing, coating or not coating or not have absorbing, reflecting and non-reflecting reflecting and non-reflecting processing method, no matter they have absorbing, coating or not other methods but without passé edging, carving, drilling, painting enamel or partout or assembling with any other materials lid and other seals transporting goods; glass preserving kettle; glass stopper, bulb, cathode ray tubes and other related products, without any accessories and other related ways (excluding products listed in items 710 and 7018) (excluding products listed in item 7015) curve, concave or other shapes but without any optical process camber, small surfacing in buildings, with or without wire inside; glass mosaic and other glass products for decoration, with or without backing scale eye, products and their mimic products, excluding artificial jewellery; glass glass excluding artificial eyes for medical use; lamp-blown glass statue and other of less decorations, excluding artificial jewellery; small beading with a diameter than 1 millimeter 4419 tableware and kitchenware wooden 6904 and for supporting and stuffing bricks for building, paving brick, bricking ceramic 6905ceramic other and decoration building lining, chimney cowl, hood, chimney tile, roof 6906 thimble, pipe, chute and pipe accessories ceramic 6907 and glazing, including stove tile and wall tile; mosaic ceramic face bricks without 6908 and mosaic glazed ceramic face bricks, including stove tile and wall tile; glazed 6910 urinal closet, ceramic washing tank, basin stand, bathtub, bidet, flush toilet, water 6911 ceramics used as tableware, kitchenware and other daily family use 6912 pottery used as tableware, kitchenware and other daily family use 6913 plastics and other ceramic products for decoration 6914 other ceramic products 7003 without any other founded or rolled glass sheet, section material and profiled bar, 7004 they no matter pulled or blown glass sheet, without any other processing method, 7005 glass sheet, without any other float glass sheet and surface-ground-or-polished 7006 by bending, glass listed in items 7003, 7004 or 7005, which have been processed 7008 products made of multi-layer heat-insulated and sound-insulated glass 7009 glass mirror (including rear view mirror) with or without passé partout 7010 bottle, urn, ampoule and other containers used for storing and glass jar, 7011 lamp unsealed glass shell (including glass bulb, and glass tube) used for making 7013 glassware, used on dinner table, in kitchen, bathroom, office, interior decoration 7014 signal glassware with optical processing and cellophane optical element 7015 watch or clock glass and glass used in all spectacles, which are in the shape of 7016 pressed or molded glass blocks, bricks, plates, tiles and other products for 7017 without glassware used in labs, sanitation and having a prescription filled, with or 7018 related beading, artificial pearl, artificial gem, artificial semiprecious gem, other 4418 veneer of cellular structure, jointed wooden products for building, including wood The Classification of Partial Copyright Industries Corresponding to the Classification Standards by the the Classification Corresponding to Copyright Industries of Partial The Classification

family articles, ceramics and glass (continued) Customs (continued) Table 25: Table 92 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Customs (continued) Table 25: toys andgamefacilities wallpaper andcarpet glass (continued) family articles,ceramicsand

The ClassificationofPartialCopyrightIndustriesCorrespondingtotheStandardsby 58amusementparkfacilitiessuchasmerry-go-round, swingandshootingtarget; 9508 entertainment facilities used in festivals and other occasions, including magic show 9505 gamefacilitiesusedinplacesofentertainment, includingpinballmachine,billiards 9504 tricycle, scooter, pedalingcarandotherwheeledtoys;toycars;dolls; 9503 ground-covering productswhosebottompartismadeofpaperorcardboard,no 4815 wallpaper andotherrelatedproducts;transparentwindowpaper 4814 othercarpet andotherground-coveringproductsmadeoftextile,nomatter 5705 feltingcarpet andotherfeltingground-coveringproductsmadeoftextile,without 5704 tuftedcarpetandotherground-coveringproductsmadeoftextile,nomatter 5703 machine-madecarpetandotherground-coveringproductsmadeof 5702 wovenloop-pilecarpetandotherground-coveringproductsmade 5701 67vacuumflasksandothervessels,completewithcases;partsth 9617 buttons,press-fasteners,snap-fastenersandpress-studs,buttonmouldsother 9606 45lampsandlightingfittingsincludingsearchlightsspotlightspartsthereof, 9405 Signboard,nameplate,addressplateandothersimilarsignswithnumbe 8310 36non-electricbell,gongandotheranaloguesofbasemetal;statuettes 8306 scoop,fork,ladle,colander 8215 81130000metalceramicanditsproducts,includingfragmentarywaste 8113 62aluminiumbarrel,jar, tin,bucketandotherrelatedcontainersforstoringmateriel, 7612 touring troupe props andotherplayfacilities table, tablesusedforentertainment andautomaticbowlingalley movable ornot scale-down modelandothermodelsforamusement,nomatterwhether itis matter whetheritiscutintoparticularpatternsornot whether itisready-madeornot tuft orflocking,nomatterwhetheritisready-madenot whether itisready-madeornot KELEM, SCHUMACKS,KARAMANIEandotherrelatedhand-madecarpet textile, withouttuftorflocking,nomatterwhetheritisready-made of textile,nomatterwhetheritisready-madeornot 96170010 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategoryis: than glassinner parts ofthesearticles;buttonblanks 94052000 94053000 94051000 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategoryare: specified orincluded the like,havingapermanentlyfixedlightsource,andpartsthereofnotelsewhere not elsewherespecifiedorincluded;illuminatedsigns,nameplates and letters whicharemadeofbasemetal,excludingproductslistedinitem9405 83063000 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategoryis: frames; mirrorofbasemetal. ornaments ofbasemetal;photoandpictureframemetalothersimilar kitchenware 76129010 The 8-digitcodeofthiscategoryis: without liningorheatinsulation,butnomechanicalthermalinstallation attached. storing compressedgasorliquefiedgas),lessthan300litresincapacity, withor including flexibletubecontainerandrigid(excludingtheonesfor

vacuum flasks Christmas treelightsets electric table,desk,bedsideorfloor chandeliers andotherelectricceilingorwalllightingfittings photo andpictureframeofbasemetalothersimilarframes;mirror aluminium pop-top , pastrycrimper, fishknife,butterknifeandsimilar -standing lamps

ereof other t, including rs and The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China93 standards and their brief introductions standards and their brief Four-digit industries according to the national industries classification according to the national industries classification industries Four-digit 63 whole 65 retail 51 railway transportation 52 road transportation 53 urban public transportation 54 water transportation 55 air transportation 57 transport support activities 58 storage 59 state post 601 telecommunication 602 Internet information service 51 52 60 61 62 641 630 6420 7240 code classification UN industries The Classification of Non-Dedicated Support Industries Corresponding to the National Industries to the National Corresponding Support Industries of Non-Dedicated The Classification

Main groups general wholesale and general wholesale and retail industries general transporting industry telephony and Internet industries Classification Standards Table 26: Table 94 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China research are asfollows: thequestionnaire then So, questionnaire. was amended, according to the characteristics of the the ten categories (See Attachment 2). Some details of the answering difficulties had their even of They relationship copyright. the with about understanding work clear no had them had of industry some copyright-based and recognition the copyright in low professionals Chinese results, the to According 1). Attachment (See At the beginning of the research, it did not consider the differences of industries, using the same questionnaire and analysisofrelevant enterprises tosetthecopyrightfactorsproperly. survey sample and researchindustry whole every a of needs It copyright. differentrelationshipswith their in widely arearchitectureporcelain the and porcelain household the porcelain art the differentkinds; in porcelainscome example, For not. or category same the of are products the whether matter are no different,copyright quite the and products the of relationships the categories, these In museums. and designs house measures; s and projects architecture, e games; and household toys i carpets; furniture; and r wallpaper works; glass; craft and t porcelains coins; goods, s and jewellery u shoes; d and textiles n garments, I including industries, WIPO’s t in h classification g the to i According r y p o C l a i the literature surveyandthe samplesurvey(fieldandquestionnaire). t r a P industry,copyright partial some of factors the orderget in to researchabove, this on mentioned based As is f o s e i d u t S : x e n n A designers. scale, with great numbers of workers but low profit. The copyright factors are low due to lack in professional have shoes advantages in and cost and price hats while disadvantages textiles, in design garments, and innovation. Chinese This industry copyright, is high output, and large industry the of relationship the of view In which are strong inthisfield. ability, design the with regards independent As China has without greatproducts. room to improve order, the design and innovation comparing with France, Italy,end the UK and so on, high the lacking as of cause OEM important are one China is This of innovation. garments exporting Most laws. copyright the by The pattern of garments and shoes, the layout of textiles and other designs are creative works being protected 1.2 Garment National China are associations national the industry, this Association, ChinaTextile IndustryAssociation,etc.andsomeare localassociations. of associations the about Talking market, ithasanobviousadvantagebutinthehighend market,itlacksinhighendproducts anddesigns. end middle and low the in present.So at industry shoes and hats textiles, garments, Chinese of advantages greatest the are price and cost the feature, labour-intensive The industry. this on influence significant has The profit. low but output high export of change The trade. and foreign the in pulling mainly areas, coastal in scale greatly develops cluster industrial large s has e industry shoes o and hats h textiles, S garments, Chinese d n a s t a H of ChaozhouinFujiangandtheleathershoesindustryWenzhou inZhejiang. , s e dressevening dressand wedding the Fujian, in Jijiang of casuals the l Fujian, in Shishi productionof garment the Zhejiang, in i Ningbo of production t suits the Jiangsu, x in Nantong of industry textile Te the as cluster,such , industrial the s for areas important are province Fujiang t and Region Delta River Pearl n the Region, Delta River e m r a G present in China. Basically, this industry spreads all e over the country. The coastal areas, s especially the Yangtze e n Garments, textiles, hats i and shoes industry is one labour- intensive industry.h It is also a fully developed one at 1.1 . 1

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S with hoes C I opyright ndustry The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China95 51 Household textiles in various design and color Household textiles Source: http://www.hometexnet.com/Images/ProductUpload Source:

51 Based on the research results and considering the copyright factors of other countries, this research concludes concludes research this countries, other of factors copyright the considering and results research the on Based that the copyright factor is 0.4% of Chinese garments, textiles, hats and shoes pointed industry. What should out be is that this value is relative to the of value-added garments, textiles of and all shoes. Seen subcategories from included a specificin object,the the copyrightcategory contained in hightextiles is value-added higher than 0.4%, while some basic textiles like cloth without dyeing or single-color cloth do not have copyright. Since there are no related categories of copyright industries in state statistics, 0.4% is only the mean of the copyright factors of mean the the to whole refers It factor industry. copyright does of value not the mean industries, copyright that following the the For copyright 0.4%. is factor subcategories of all product. the value of the specific but does not represent of the general category 96 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China 52

Source:http://www.cnga.org.cn/lxzx3/View.asp?NewsID=19305 Fashion dressdesignedbyChinesedesigner 52 The Economic Contribution of

ndustry opyright I C oins C with

and

oins C and

ewellery J ewellery hinese J C of

urvey S Relationship

eneral he C T G The Coins The Jewellery

Source: www.chinagoldcoin.net. An interview with the speaker of China God Coin company. www.chinagoldcoin.net. Source:

53 2.2 jewellery The jewellery. artificial and pearls gems, jewellery, silver and gold are there material, by Categorised Based on the intention of the designers, we divide them into popular jewellery is classed by material usually. and art The jewellery. designs of the jewellery make them be works defined in the copyright laws protected. andFor be the different kind of jewellery, the copyright factors are greatly different. For copyright instance, factor the of the artificial jewelleryand more isdraws design higherthe market, jewellery thanthe of development theand level goldconsumption the of and improvement silver, gems and pearl ones. As the the added-value, the design is one important factor. When improving attention. more Chinese precious metal commemorative coins are legal metal RMB commemorative of coins Chinese China, are precious issued in limited amount with special themes. Authorised by the State Council, the People’s Bank of commemorative China coins. began By 2004, to China issue had issued the precious metal precious coins ounce. million 26.0 metal over in are coins silver more and ounce million than 3.4 over are coins 270 gold which, among kinds, programs, 1500 near The precious metal commemorative coins have formed ten the series, coins, including people the outstanding panda the and coins, event animal commemorative & great plant the coins, signs animal twelve the coins, coins, sport and Olympic the coins, culture religious the coins, culture traditional the coins, art and literature the world heritage and scenic sites coins and other subject coin. 2.1.2 The “coins” means the metal coins with certain form, weight quality, and and gold the nominal take to practice internationalprice. an is It Coins coins. commemorative silver related and gold to are mainly copyright silver coins as the legal currency of a The country. gold and silver coins of most of countries are issued the central by bank, ministry of finance or mintage organization following strict rules. Chinese goldby distributed and are sliver They China. of Bank People’s the by appointed are which mints certain by minted are coins China Gold Coin Incorporation, retailed by domestic or foreign dealers and Bank franchised by the People’s of China. The Gems & Jewelry Trade Association of China is the areas. national the major jewellery producing some local associations in are design. Meanwhile, there guild, with one committee specialised in Chinese jewellery and coins industries gather in the development of the developed jewellery industry developed is coastal well related is closely manufacturing to jewellery areas the the Delta, consumption River level. Pearl and For in markets, instance, near mature several to the Macao’s big and Kong’s cities. Hong The amount of jewellery brands and rank recognition the and top Shenzhen’s of national markets. In Shenzhen, brands registered the and 2300 than more are enterprises and corporations jewellery registered the 2008, in in work people 120,000 About business. studding jewellery in are enterprises 700 over 2200, than more are this industry in Shenzhen and the total manufacturing value is over ¥60 billion, taking up over 70% of the domestic jewellery market. However, there is a big gap between China and the developed countries and areas. Only some major enterprises enterprises major some Only areas. and countries developed Since the Chinese and China reforming between and gap big opening a up, is there Chinese jewellery However, industry has made outstanding progresses. do well. Many small and middle sized enterprises are weak in research technology, and development, and their products are out of fashion and homogeneous countries. with other poor for designs. manufactured is So China the of small jewellery and exported middle the Besides, sized market. just end low the in compete profit. businessmen get more pay while the foreign Chinese factories get poor manufacturing 2.1 2.1.1 2 . hinese Jewellery and Coin 98 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China itself. Onlyinthegeneraljewellery, thecopyrightoffabrication designisobvious. jewellery the than less far is value its design, fabrication of greatvalue-added takes it although example, an as diamond big rare a by Takemade contains. jewellery it a copyright less the is jewellery a expensive more that the copyright factor of Chinese jewellery and coins industry is 8%. In the aspect of concludes distribution researchrules, this the countries, other of factors copyright the considering results, research the on Based and professional designers (mints). fine competitions of social designers (art colleges and design companies), the engaged designers (art experts) and Sample Coin Committee founded in 2000, the design teams became stronger continuously, forming the were designed mainly by designers of mints and China Gold Coin Incorporation until 2000. After the Design coins metal precious The laws. copyright the by protected is coins commemorative of design the Likewise, 55 54

Source: http://www.china-coins.cn/productshopxp.asp?id=563 Source: http://test.0755zb.cc/work3/20080624/page1.html Awarded “FlyingMen”inthe 2008ChinaInternationalDesignCompetition 2008 Olympiccoins 55 54 The Economic Contribution of

Daxi Bottle ndustry opyright I C and

andicraft H andicrafts hinese H C of

urvey S Relationship

eneral he C T G billion of firecrackers.

Source: www.huanbohainews.com.cn, by Liu Xishun www.huanbohainews.com.cn, Source:

56 Traditional handicrafts are not in the framework of the copyright laws directly. However, it does not mean that mean not does it However, directly. laws copyright the of framework the in not are handicrafts Traditional handicrafts all traditional problems the handicrafts have no copyright issues. How to inherit and develop are 3.2 As the regional difference, handicrafts as embroidery in an techniques different example, are regions and of embroideries patterns.different Some in different categories have famous etc. Xiang ones Most embroidery, embroidery, are Yue Shu handicrafts Su embroidery, embroidery, different characteristics. Take the in deep historical and cultural roots. also featured are According According to the categories from WIPO, jewellery and carpets are individual categories and the firecrackers not included. are In 2006, the export value of Chinese arts and crafts is ¥142 billion, 39.4% of the production value of this The export value of Chinese industry. folk and other craft works is ¥28.79 billion, and others respectively as botanic crude of billion ¥19.905 embroideries, fagoting of billion ¥20.565 jewellery, of billion ¥26.71 follows: knit goods, ¥9.453 billion of the metal craft and works, tapestries, ¥6.63 ¥7.84 billion of flower billion paintings, ¥6.485 of billion of sculptures, potteries, ¥4.78 billion of ¥7.496 lacquers and billion of ¥3.35 carpets 3.1 Chinese handicrafts are various in kinds and geographically different. Generally, handicrafts have regional characteristic all over Most the of country. them are made by hands with small industrial size. According to the industry statistics, the production values in descending order are: ¥89.706 crude billion of of billion ¥63.805 jewellery, ¥36.628 embroideries, fagoting of billion ¥54.784 works, other and works craft folk of billion botanic knit goods, ¥27.698 billion of carpets and tapestries, ¥26.163 billion of metal craft works, ¥22.433 lacquers of billion ¥8.335 potteries, of billion ¥12.04 paintings, flower of billion ¥13.52 sculptures, of billion and ¥5.41 billion of firecrackers. 3 . hinese Handicrafts 100 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China urniture Industry in China n i h C n i y r t s u d n I e r u t i n r u . 4 whole the of mean other handicrafts. the is 40% different. is category general this of handicraft specific copyright each the Similarly,in 40%. contained is industry coins and industry jewellery Chinese of factor copyright the that Based on the research results and considering the copyright factors of other countries, this research concludes protected bythecopyright laws. are pattern and shape innovative the industries, works craft industrialised and scaled some in Besides, laws. copyright the by protected be should which works are developing work craft the during creations The face. furniture ofBazhouinparticular enjoysgreat famein China andalsosellswellinSoutheastAsia. Fiberglass China. in Province Hebei the of leadership the consolidating helped have Bazhou and Xianghe in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Hebei, He’nan, etc. Two Hebei. major furniture production in bases people the of taste and regionsas such in market the occupying demands China, Currently,North in position leading the in is furniture Hebei function the satisfies that style a manufacturers forming from and learning China elements, around fashionable various of adoption its by featured is furniture Hebei Province Hebei (3) their marketpositionandadvancingintolargecities. have Provincebegun to produce “fine furniture”, that is ofSichuan medium and high quality and is also pricier,the gradually changing in manufacturers stronger comparatively several years, recent further In for development. capital enough in bringing cities, medium-sized in popular immensely furniture Sichuan-made makes strategy.positioning marketing market terminal a “farmer’sthe Such adopted always and furniture” towards the middle and low-end market, focusing on medium-sized cities. Hence they have been dubbed the Sichuan is a latecomer Province compared with Guangdong. From the very beginning, their products Sichuan have been oriented (2) Hong KongFurnitureAssociation. and Association Furniture Dongguan by organised jointly Expo Furniture Guangzhou Dongguan by Association, Furniture organised Expo Furniture Guangzhou Association, Furniture Shenzhen by organised Expo sold to large cities. Right now, there are three major furniture expositions in Guangdong: Shenzhen Furniture the European and American style, oriented towards the middle rich and gained high-end market, industry with furniture Guangdong’sthe infancy,experience thatprovedproductsvaluable laterincreating theirownbrandnames.Guangdongfurnituremostlytakes its mostly in OEM name brand to overseas look an of should products China the in manufacturers furniture the “All goes: Guangdong.”. Furniture industry industry first flourished in the the Guangdong Province in in the early 1980s. By saying processing common the Province As Guangdong (1) enterprises havefoundtheirindividualstrengths through development. the of parts country,different such in as Guangdong, clusters Sichuan, Hebei, industrial Beijing Northeast established China, etc. gradually In the has meantime, these China large-scale in industry furniture Currently, type; asforthelatter, there are bothdomesticandofficefurniture. conventional the being wood with materials, special other and fiber, plastic textile metal, wood, are there A criterion, former regardsthe to With purposes. and materials its by categorised commonly most is Furniture 4.1

Brief

Review

of C hinese

Furniture I ndustry The Economic Contribution of

Source: the website of China National Furniture Association, http://www.cnfa.com.cn/cnfa2009/jjsj/index.html Source:

57 A copyright-based industry perspective is mainly concerned with the design, shape and pattern of furniture. Noteworthy aspects include the partial design of traditional classical furniture such as carvings and colored furniture. paintings, as well as the shape of wooden 4.2 Furniture The industrial association of Chinese furniture industry is China National Furniture Association. Guided by the China National Light Industry Council, it is a nationwide and industry industrial furniture the in individuals and association groups social institutions, public composed businesses, including members, of voluntary related industries. and teaching of research the manufacturing, management, scientific (5) Northeasternsignificant a taken has resources, forest natural by supported provinces, northeastern the in industry Furniture ProvincesHarbin and Shenyang Dalian, in based enterprises furniture Many products. wood solid its with share market have made considerable progress in recent years. Right now, Shenyang manufacturers is and home to distributors over with 1,200 an furniture annual production production of of all the 3.5 three northeastern provinces. million It is pieces, now making one its way toward third being solid wood furniture” in China. “the of capital of the total Fiberboard furniture has been Fiberboard developing rapidly in Beijing these last few years. is One that northernreason producers in the South is suitable consumers to doubt use whether in furniture the produced dry climate of the North. with compared that is reason Another brands. domestic choose to inclined more are they Therefore, from other regions, a better understanding of domestic market demand and geographical proximity helps efficiency and pertinence. service cut transport cost and improve northern manufacturers (4) Beijing 102 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China 59 58 furniture professional manufacturers, furniture of capacity designing The development. own their for stage signed have contracts with others famous industrial designers in Some the world, importing top designers. designing ideas fromprofessional the international own their have now the manufacturers furniture on Many is rise. institutions design furniture professional of number the China, in base manufacturing furniture been have Shenzhen in institution research increasingdrawing furniture fromattention manufacturers.furniture Township Houjie In City,Dongguan of a famous a as such companies design professional China, In

Source: ibid. Source: ibid. “Golden Axe”Award-Winning Round-BackedArmchair Creative DesignofBamboo-shapedSix-drawerCabinet 58 59 The Economic Contribution of

eramics C C Chinese Ceramic Industry

(3) Dehua CountyDehua ceramic industry has been developing for a inlong period of time. Since the founding of the People’s Republic Fujianof China, Dehua has established a production system with three major types of products, namely Provincetraditional porcelain carving, occidental porcelain craft work and porcelain for domestic use. A number of famous ceramic enterprises have “the as also named was emerged. County Dehua Dehua 2006, ceramic March In production RMB. billion value 4.21 was was value consignment 5.31 export and billion 2003 RMB in porcelain hometown in China” by the Agricultural Development Research Department of the Development (2) Foshan CityFoshan in ceramic industry the also enjoys a long Guangdong history. For thirty opening-up construction policy, years and hygienic since ceramic industry the has introduction developed rapidly of in Foshan, reform forming and Foshan that a show surveys Relevant China. in position leading the in is that system industry ceramic complete Province construction ceramic industry has an annual hygienic of production production annual the while total capacity world’s the of 25% about and total of country’s the of 50% than over 10 trillion square metres, more ceramics is over 13 million pieces, 16% of Chinese total and 5% of total. the Right Foshan world’s now, is in the world. areas among the most important ceramic-production Jingde Township has four traditionally famous types of porcelain, including Blue and White Porcelain, Exquisite Porcelain, White and Blue including porcelain, of types famous traditionally four has Township Jingde power artistic the demonstrate they Porcelain, Monochrome and Porcelain Colored Porcelain, White and Blue in decoration. of Jingde porcelain (1) Jingde Townshipinternationaland history long a with China in areas ceramic-production major the of one is Township Jingde regards Within culture. ceramic profound a has theTownship Jingde town”. “porcelain the as acclaimed is It fame. refer ceramics JiangxiRound ones. polished the and round the being ceramics, of types major two are there Provinceshape, to to the made round chinaware by windlass, such as plates and bowls, while polished ceramics to refer those that have been carved into various shapes, such as bottle, jar, crock, kettle, pot, cup, etc. and various made techniques. with Besides round and polished chinaware, there is yet another peculiar shaping technique called carving. to polishing porcelain According its methods, carvings different porcelain can be divided into round carvings, relief, embossment, hollow carvings, etc. The products range from artistic work to toys and covering almost everything. house ware, As the hometown of porcelain, China has always been known as porcelain “the includes the country shaping, of ornamentation, porcelain”. material The selection and art techniques of of making chinaware. It is both art and science. In terms of purposes, there are artistic ceramics, domestic chinaware, construction several famous ceramic-production ceramics, hygienic ceramics are and ceramics for special purposes. There in China. areas 5.1 5.1.1 5 . hinese Housewares and Appliances According to this survey and by referring to that of other countries, the copyright factor of Chinese furniture furniture Chinese of factor copyright the countries, other of that to referring by and survey this to According industry is 5%. designing designing companies and overseas furniture designers is intellectual providing support for Chinese furniture industry. 104 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China work thatcombinesengraving,Chinesecalligraphyandpaintinginonepotiscompleted. artistic of a piece baking, further After them. seal and pots the on fish or patterns floral landscape, poems, pot, tree-trunk shaped pot, melon-shaped and the produceancient styled pot to with a clay looped handle; greenthen craftsmen engrave and ancient clay clay,red purple together melt Workers famous. most the is everybody is engaged in ceramic production and kilns can be seen everywhere, purple sand porcelain teapot pottery, areas the in where In Shushan Yixing fame. and world Dingshan enjoy of etc., almost ceramics, fine painted ceramics, Jun celadon, porcelain, sand purple as such types fine some Yixing, in products ceramic of types 7,500 over the Among China”. in industry ceramic of capital “the as known been also has Yixing Ceramic Yixing (4) in China”. art folk ceramic of hometown “the of title the given was it 2003, In Council. State the of Center Research 60 being latter morethe important. products, ceramic of pattern and shape the with concerned mainly is issue copyright The 5.1.2 its in momentum gaining been has tiles from there isamongthetopincountry. area Linyi Province and Zibo the development since the introduction of the policy in of reform and opening-up. Currently, mainly the output of ceramic Shandong produced ceramics, the Shandong in Ceramics (5)

Source: http://www.ceramicexpo.cn/Product.aspx?Id=207 , www.huanbohainews.com.cn

Ceramics and Copyright and Ceramics Ceramic CoffeeWare 60 The Economic Contribution of

anterns L and

amps L Chinese Lamp Industry

Source: photos taken by the project team during the studies in a porcelain manufacturing enterprise in Hebei. team during the studies in a porcelain photos taken by the project Source:

61 An analysis of the industry distribution and structure reveals that most of the manufacturers are concentrated are manufacturers the of most that reveals structure and distribution industry the of analysis An River Delta. in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze 5.2.1 Chinese lighting industry has been making rapid progress complete industrial in system. the Right now recent there two are over decades 10,000 lighting and product established manufacturers in 2005, a China China. took In 11.4 billion USD worth of market share from the total 100 11.4%. billion The 10,000 USD, manufacturers in accounting China had for a total sales revenue of 140 billion RMB in 2005, with an export value of 8 billion USD. A study conducted by international rest the and source research light be shall organisations which of 20% USD, billion predicts 140 reach that shall 2013 in demand market the lighting electric of producer largest the is it as China in true also is ratio same The lanterns. and lamps to belongs 80% in the world and one of the largest in terms of lamps and lanterns. products light source 5.2 106 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China The copyright issue is mainly concerned with the ornamentation oflampsandlanterns. withtheornamentation The copyrightissueismainlyconcerned 5.2.2 63 62 are ofglassinvolvecopyrightissue. commonfloatglass.Theshapeandpatterns Although China has topped the world for many years in a row in terms of glass output, most of the products 5.3

Source: Net ofChinaGlass,http://www.glass.com.cn/glassbiz/bizmessage_913604.html. Source: Jiatian Nethttp://www.zm-china.cn/news/2008/0922/article_1128.html.

Lamps and Copyright and Lamps G lass Exquisite BedLamp Empaistic Glass 63 62

The Economic Contribution of

ndustry I arpet C and

opyright Blown Artistic Glass for Wall Ornamentation Glass for Wall Blown Artistic C and allpaper

W of

arpets C Review

Brief allpapers,

W W

Source: ibid. Source:

64 6.2 As functional or decorative items for domestic life, wallpaper the and carpets. pattern as However, some and traditional carpets color or normal are wallpapers only important employ traditional components of patterns or images without any designs, as they “works”. can be On hardly regarded the other hand, many wallpapers designed some are so artists, by creation of sense strong by characterized are carpets hand-made and woven carpets. Therefore, they are entitled to the protection of the Copyright Laws as their layout, The carpet, a textile, has two main classifications. According tocarpets fabric processingchemical methods,carpets, Xinjiang, wool there arepure hand-made like are there Places, materials, to according while carpets, history. woven and carpets long a have that handicrafts from originate carpets Hand-made carpets. plastic and Tibet, Beijing and Tianjin well-known are for their man-made carpets. Tibetan carpets, Khotan carpets from Xinjiang, Jingning Gansu carpets and In from silk Zhenping, carpets typical Henan, from representatives. are terms of the industry distribution, it is mainly located in North and East China, including Shandong, Jiangsu Arts China the under Association Industry Carpet China are associations industry national The Shanghai. and Association, etc. Textile and Crafts Association, China Wool Wallpaper, used for interior Wallpaper, decoration, is classified into various categories according to the materials used, the differences of which also cause them to be functionally different. For etc. The industry is mainly distributed glass-fabric example, wallpaper, PVC wallpaper, there wall covering, textile wallpaper, are paper-made in Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, etc. well. and as its associations local national are industry There Development. association Urban-Rural and is Housing of China Ministry Building the under Decoration Association 6.1 A 6 . allpaper and Carpet Industry in China According According to this survey and by referring to the copyright factor of of Chinese other house countries, wares, the ceramics and copyright glass factor products is 0.3%. What should be products in this category pointed do not have copyright. For out example, in the category of is glass, most plate glass and that many stained or glass engraved other and glass decorative glass, artistic the but copyright, have not do glass optical glass have. Since the statistics are for the whole glass industries, 0.3% is relative to the value-added of the whole industry. 108 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China as architectural works. works, “match-box” buildings “match-box” works, protection can only be employed for its appearance design. appearance its for employed be only can protection copyright the colors, and decoration lines, as such appearance, throughpresentsarchitecturalits itself work and UNESCO documents, that is the original one in appearance, decoration or design. In other words, as the WIPO in mentioned itself” “architecture the is China, of Regulation Implementation its and Law Copyright current the to according works, architectural the Therefore, works. the among model and drawing listing 67 oys and Game Facilities in China n i h C n i s e i t i l i c a F e m a G d n a s y o . 7 such asonesofcarpet,wallpaper, etc.are withoutthecomponentofcopyright. materials some classification, industrial this in above, mentioned As 2%. is carpets and wallpapers Chinese of factor copyright the countries, other of factor copyright the to referring by and survey this to According the copyrighted designs. development, industry the of perspective own their have they if competitive the more be will function, decorative their to Fromowing carpets, and wallpapers work. whole the constitute colors and patterns 68 66 65 a n i h C n i s e r u t c its e design drawing and model. t i h c two parts, r namely, United the architecture itself (one that must the be original in appearance, decoration or design) and and (WIPO) Organization Property architectural the Intellectual 1986, includes in work (UNESCO) Organization Cultural and Scientific Educational, Nations World the by issued documents to According . 8 Chinese toysandgamefacilitiesis40%. of factor copyright the countries, other of factor copyright the to referring by and survey this to According new gamefacilitiesalsorequires thedesigntobeprotected bythecopyright. parks, the design of the theme and related game facilities is full of the “creation” factor. The development of theme at recreationalactivities with integrated usually are facilities game as recreationsupplies, of terms In the given are they if protection copyright license tobeproduced. the to entitled be also should work copyrighted the from toys products. For example, characters from cartoon movies serve as materials for toy designs and these derivative cultural many of products derivative important are toys Besides, toys. all to significance great of are designs There is a great variety of toys with different functions and technical contents. From the copyright perspective, 7.2 continually upgradethetechnologyandimproveshould itsdesignstomeetdiversified requirements. industry the price, and cost low of advantages its from industry.Apart the on situations economic of influence great the reflecting fluctuations, export the to subject is industry toy the of development The Industry Council.There are localindustryassociationsaswell. Light National China the under ToyAssociation China is association industry national The activities. indoor or outdoor for supplies recreation include mainly facilities game The labour-intensiveone. a also is industry toy The etc. Jiangsu, Fujian, fromZhejiang, apart concentrated is industry wherethe is Delta River Pearl The Toysthereforeexport-oriented. productsand is export Chinaindustry aremajor in toy thewhole among the 7.1

Wang Qian,2007, CopyrightLaw,BeijingUniversity Press, p57. Wang Qian,2007, CopyrightLaw,BeijingUniversity Press, p.57. Chen Jinchuan,2009,“Analysisof CopyrightCasesinBeijingSupreme Court,2008.”ChinaCopyright(2 Zheng Chengsi,1997,CopyrightLaw(RevisedVersion) , ChinaRenminUniversityPress, pp.114-115.

T I A T ndustry oys, G ame O verview

Facilities 68

and C 65 67 hinese The Chinese Copyright Law makes clear the protection of architectures while for practical use or buildings of no aesthetic design can hardly be regardedbe hardly can design aesthetic no of buildings or use practical for C opyright T oys

and G ame

Facilities 66 As creativity is indispensable in architectural in indispensable is creativity As nd issue). The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China109 the definition shows definition the 69, 70 century. The founding of century. the People’s th : collection for collecting, preserving and 71 hina C in

ector S Museum

the

General Conference of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) defined that “the that defined (ICOM) Museums of Council International the of Conference General th edition, Feb 1991. verview st O ndustry T I I

Analysis on the Copyright Law of People’s Republic of China, Pg. 159. China Radio Analysis on the Copyright Law of People’s Fei, Anling. General Description of Works. International 1 Press. discussed for the were was held in Beijing. A series of the fundamental issues In 1956, the First National Museum Conference positioned as Museums were development of museums, making clear the basic functions and tasks of the socialist museums. the which were institutes”, “cultural and educational institutes” and “collection institutes of cultural heritage”, research “scientific Reference the world museum sector. well-known “3 Characteristics” of the museum, similar to the “3 Functions” formulated by For example, some scholars summarize “3 E-functions” of museums, namely, education, entertain and enrich while others support For example, some scholars summarize “3 E-functions” of museums, namely, “3 I-functions” of investigation, instruction and inspirator. Museums have a long history in China. There were imperial and aristocratic collection bodies in the ancient time although there was no such term as bodies, have emerged and “museum” developed since the beginning of then. the 20 Modern museums, as independent cultural the widespread understanding of museums across the world, that is “museums are not oriented for profits” profits” for oriented not are “museums is that world, the across museums of understanding widespread the opportunities provide to and heritage, cultural into research and preserve collect, “to is function main the and and education” for as appreciation well as “for the the benefits of society and its development”. Therefore, and its contribution to society is cultural instead of economic. museum sector belongs to public services museum is a public, non-profit and permanent institution for the society and its preserves, spreads development.and displays evidence of Ithuman beings and collects, human environment for education research, functions museum the about opinions different hold scholars Though enjoyment.” and 71 69 70 The Chinese museums have three major functions as follows In July 2001, the 19 the 2001, July In 10.1 1 0 . he Museum Sector in China According According to this survey and by referring to the copyright factor of other countries, the copyright factor of is 5%. the interior decoration industry in China The interior decoration industry has emerged embarked on an since all-round development since the Chinese early 1990s as a reform great number of however, force, decoration and market and demand companies strong the by driven fast, grown opening-up. has It mushrooms. as up set been have The industry has we achieve the international standard. is still a long way to go before there 9 . nterior Decoration in China According According to this survey and by referring to the copyright factor of other countries, the copyright factor of investigation is 6%. engineering and Chinese architectures, According According to the classification and descriptiononly as inindustry, copyright Chinese partial the to belong works Copyright architectural The Law,sector. picturescopyright core the and in included models should be with copyright. related are their appearance designs Before Before 1988, Chinese museums were comprehensive museums, according categorised to this, the National Bureau into of Statistics collected statistics and specialised issued museums, development memorial report Now respectively. the department in museums charge of museums and and experts believe that it is managing collections; research for appraising, dating collections and identifying their historic, artistic and scientific importance; and education for holdingexhibitions the to collections, promote organizing seminars and editing and publishing books as well as periodicals. Republic of China turned a new chapter for museums in Beijing. Since the and reform opening-up, Chinese museums have gained great momentum. It is estimated that the number of museums reached over 2,200, China in museums of variety great a is There institutions. heritage cultural the under are 1,504 which among and almost each industry has one to display their development and achievements. 110 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China regard to the development of domestic and overseas museums. In July 2001, the 19 However, undertakings. economic social means and management and have been promotion introduced cultural to the whole for or part institutions of the are museum operation museums with above, Museums mentioned As 10.2 practice. based onChinesesituationsandtheinternational suitable to classify Chinese museums into historical, artistic, scientific, technical and comprehensive categories, 72 y r t s u d n i d e s a B - t h g i r y p o C e inadequate fundingandinsufficientstaff, thisstudymarksjustabeginningin area. s e n preliminary a study, i this h in So industry.investigation C on copyright-based copyright-based industry in some the provinces will be of carried out. However, f development due the to limited o time, in diversity regional the y e v r reflect better also u but field macro-researchthis state-level in to supplement important an make only cannot S l it that, fromsector. Apart copyright the a of layout industrial the n unveiling and industry copyright-based the o i g e R diversity. differentin industry copyright-based provinces of law significant development a the plays out finding in role cultural the Tostudy rich characteristics. regional and distinctive growthfairly on economic takes therefore regionalindustry copyright-based uneven Chinese both displays territory, vast a with China, . 1 1 oe hog te utrl nuty tuim n atsi mre, etc. market, artistic and tourism industry, cultural the through role and approaches to meet economic and social challenges. Now museums are playing an important economic as its theme. The future path of development for world museums is to search for new ideas, try new models Challenges” Social and Economic facing Museums Reform: “Steering chose Barcelona,Spain, in held ICOM the museumsectorinChinais0.5%. of factor copyright the countries, other of factor copyright the to referring by and survey this to According economic small a advantages broughtcontribution totheindustry, thisisinresponse tothesurveyoutcome. own has copyright their the have speaking, and generally However, scale activities. and copyright-related naturein their in different are museums above-mentioned The Museum isfundedsolelybytheenterprise.Allofthemare representatives oftheindustry. bythe funded solely institutions state while Beijing World Art Museum receives the balance allocation from government-affiliated and the government Poly Art are Museum Palace the and Museum Capital the them, Among Museum. Art Poly the and Museum Art World Beijing Museum, Palace the Museum, Capital projectfield the conducted situations, has industry research of the understanding in deep ordera In have to published bythemuseumanduniqueculturalcommoditiesdevelopedmuseum. printings design; exhibition its and list collection museum the exhibits; the to related images/videos digital and itself museum the etc.; movies, and works artistic works, photographic as such protection copyright of The relationship between museums and copyright is reflected in the following aspects: exhibits in the period important forthoseindustries. with thePalaceMuseum andChiefofMuseumExperts Group oftheStateAdministration ofCulturalHeritage. Lv Jimin,“Analysis ontheIntegrationofChinese MuseumwiththeWorld”. BeijingMuseum.Theauthoristhe research staff

and C opyright 72 s oyih bcms increasingly becomes copyright as th General Conference of The Economic Contribution of

______

itle: your

for opyright-Based

C ______Zip Code: _ hanks hinese T C ______of Registration Amount:

s headquarters (headquarters, head store, head institute) s headquarters (headquarters, head store, sub-institutes) s subsidiaries (sub-divisions, sub-plants, sub-stores, oducts: ______ontribution _ C ______Legal Person: ______Number of employees: ______ess: (omitted) ______T _ Corporation’ Corporation’ ess: (omitted)

ype (consistent with business license): ______ype (consistent with business license): conomic have the questions in the first three pages answered by the staff in your company and with relevant relevant with and company your in staff the by answered pages three first the in questions the have you have any problem while filling in the questionnaire, please do not hesitate to contact us: E on

e shall properly store the information provided, and keep it confidential based onrelevant laws and ______Fax: email addr mailing addr zip code: (omitted) Once contact person: (omitted) telephone: (omitted) knowledge; the “Survey on the Copyright Knowledge of the Workers in the Copyright-based industry” can be photocopied and filled in by anyone of your company. on page 4, attached in a single page, W of the state. regulations Copyright-Based Industry” jointly conducted by the State Copyright Bureau and the World Intellectual Property Organization. It aims to find out the current scale, basic situation of Chinese copyright-based its contribution to national economies. industry as well as Please This _

urvey el: otal fixed assets: elephone: ______Fax: ______E-mail: ______elephone: ______Company location: T Business Type: Registration Time: Annual output value: T

Corporation Name: T Completion time: Part 1: Basic information of the Registration T corporation Main business or major pr Designed by: Project Team for Copyright-based Industry Research, State Copyright Bureau Copyright Bureau State for Copyright-based Industry Research, Team Designed by: Project Completed by: B— — Serial No. of the Questionnaire:

3. 4. 2. 1. survey constitutes an essential part of the “Research Project on Economic Contribution by Chinese S Questionnaire Questionnaire used in the pro-phase study 112 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China 3. 2. 1. activities matches thecurrent situation ofyourcompanyandputatick(√)before yourchoice.) copyright of best that one the choose please provided, choices with those to As questions. following the answer (Please Evaluation 2: Part 5. 4.

c Minorenoughtobeignored In 2007,itisaccountingfor%ofthetotalincome. In 2006,itisaccountingfor%ofthetotalincome. In 2005,itisaccountingfor%ofthetotalincome. In 2004,itisaccountingfor%ofthetotalincome. Your company’s annualoperatingincomefrom thosecopyrightactivitieslistedinquestionNo.1: Income fr c Artmodeling c (multiple choicesallowed) purchasing, drawingandmaking ofthefollowinginventiveitems)are involved? In Copyright activities Losses ar (2) Ifyes,(ifno,pleaseskip to nextquestion) c yes reproduced? (1) On dealingwithcopyrightviolations In 2007,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor %ofthatalltheemployees. In 2006,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor %ofthatalltheemployees. In 2005,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor %ofthatalltheemployees. In 2004,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor %ofthatalltheemployees. activities listedinquestionNo.1: In In 2007,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor%ofthatalltheemployees. In 2006,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor%ofthatalltheemployees. In 2005,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor%ofthatalltheemployees. In 2004,itistheirwagesandexpensesaccountingfor%ofthatalltheemployees. question No.1: In Staf In 2006, it is accounting for % of the totaIn 2007, it is accounting for % of the total expenditure. In 2005,itisaccountingfor%ofthetotalexpenditure. In 2004,itisaccountingfor%ofthetotalexpenditure. Y Expenditur our company’s annualexpenditure forthosecopyrightactivitieslistedinquestionNo.1: Pattern the products and services offered by your company, which copyright activities (including designing, (including activities copyright company,which your by offered services and products the your company, the number of those fulltime staff specializing in those copyright activities listed in listed activities copyright those in specializing staff fulltime those of number the company, your or opn, h nme o toe attm epoes xlsvl eggn i toe copyright those in engaging exclusively employees part-time those of number the company, your Have the products and services provided by your company ever been copied, imitated or illegally or imitated copied, been ever company your by provided services and products the Have f involvedincopyrightactivities

e: om copyrightactivities

e forcopyrightactivities

c c Music Design

c c Serious,witheconomiclosses amountingto% no c c Others(pleasespecify) Style The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China113 oducts? f and organizations to cope with such problems? f and organizations to cope with such minor enough to be ignored Administration for Industry and Commerce Administration for Industry and Commerce Office Intellectual Property of Cultural Affairs Bureau other (please specify) Bureau of Cultural Affairs of Cultural Affairs Bureau Office Intellectual Property Industry and Commerce Administration for negotiate sue negotiate sue c c c c c c c c c c c c

es you will take:

t met such problems yet, t met such problems ______

no no c

c c e going to turn to relevant authorities for help, which of the following will you choose? e going to turn authorities to relevant

e did you learn the concept of copyright (authorship)? (multiple choices allowed) much influence, do you think, those copyright activities listed in the question No.1 have exerted on exerted have No.1 question the in listed activities copyright those think, you do influence, much If yes, the number of the staff is ______, and the names of the organizations are ______. are organizations the of names the and ______, is staff the of number the yes, If yes Have you ever bought or used any pirated pr c radio c internet c other (please specify) Wher c newspaper c books and periodicals c TV Do you know what is copyright? c c yes some influence, taking up % of the company’s performance c some influence, taking up % of the company’s your company’s performance? your company’s c no influence (5) Evaluation of copyright performance How (4) Does your company have specialized staf (4) Does your company have specialized Bureau of Press and Publication of Press c Bureau c Public Security Bureau c Copyright Bureau c yes c no idea If you ar (3) If you company hasn’ Please imagine what measur Bureau of Press and Publication of Press c Bureau c Public Security Bureau c other (please specify) c just let it go c turn authorities for help to relevant c just let it go c Copyright Bureau Please imagine what measures you will take: you will what measures Please imagine for help c turn authorities to relevant the following will you choose? authorities for help, which of going to turn to relevant If you are

3. “Survey on the Copyright1. Knowledge of the Workers2. in the Copyright-Based Industry” Additional explanations: ______6. ______

114 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Academic qualification: Age: cyearsold(PleasefillinArabicnumbers) Gender: cmalefemale Please fillinyourpersonalinformationandwewillkeepitstrictconfidentiality. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. Current monthlyincome(includingstableortemporary income): Job:

c juniorhighschoolandbelow c unclear c notbeneficialtobothauthors(obligees)and readers (consumers) c beneficialtobothauthors(obligees)and readers (consumers) c notsevere csevere cverysevere c piratedproducts ofhighquality, causingnoproblems c software withviruses,causingcrash suspensions unexpected while playingthedisks frequent and sounds unclear and picture fuzzy with products audiovisual c c CDproducts unusable c writtenworksfullofmistakesandpoor-quality printingandbinding piratedones c unabletodiscern c convenienttobuy c lowprice What ar c booksaudiovisualproducts c software cother Which ofthefollowingpiratedpr No.7) (If you have bought pirated products, please answer question No.4, 5 and 6; if no, please skip to question c 1500–1999RMB c below500RMB c research anddevelopmentpersonnelcprivatebusinessownerorindividualworker c workercorporateleaderormanagementpersonnel c bidegree graduate,masterordoctor c juniorcollege c Whom doyouthinkthecrackdownoncopyrightinfringementandpiracywillbebeneficialto? Do youthinkthepr Do beneficialtoauthors(obligees),butnot readers (consumers) you often encounter the following problems when using pirated products? (multiple choices allowed) e themainfactorsthatmotivateyoutobuypiratedproducts: (multiplechoicesallowed)

oblem ofcopyrightinfringementandpiracyinChinaissevere?

c c 2000–3999RMB 500–900RMB

oducts haveyoubought:(multiplechoicesallowed)

c c

universitygraduate seniorhighschoolandsecondarytechnical

c c c c c other(pleasespecify) nolegalonesavailable richvarietyofpiratedones above4000RMB 1000–1499RMB The Economic Contribution of

Research

your

for

ndustry I hanks T surveyed

opyright-based C to

hinese C Museum

for

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T etter L roject Completion time: ______Telephone: ______Fax: ______E-mail: ______Telephone: Completed by: ______Title: ______Designed by: Project Team for Copyright Industry Research, the State Copyright Bureau the State Copyright Bureau for Copyright Industry Research, Team Designed by: Project Serial No. of the Questionnaire: B— — Serial No. of the Questionnaire: Questionnaire Please have this onfilledquestionnaire out by workers in your museum andrelevantWe with knowledge. shall regulations the and laws state the to according confidentiality strict in it Museumkeep and information your store properly Industry help! can contact us at: (omitted). Thanks for your great concerned. You P The museum industry is an important component of the copyright museum industry. The generally copyright encompass activities of the a following aspects: some period, protection such as photographic exhibits works, art works, film etc. productions, digital and pictures images of the museum and still within collections of and the the museum design itself or to relevant the exhibits; antique catalog of the museum’s the of the exhibition; related publications published by the museum; cultural museum itself commodities and displaying developed its unique characteristics. by The present the survey aims to find out the proportion of the income and ex=penditure from carrying out the aforementioned activities in expenditure the of total income your and museum, and the copyright knowledge of the truthfully. activities as well. Please fill out the questionnaire workers engaging in these copyright According According to the regulations of “works” term Chinese the Copyright Law, Law, this works of purpose of the For Chinese copyright. citizens, enjoy shall legal not, or persons published whether or organizations, other are which like the and technology engineering science, social science, natural art, literature, of works includes works; choreographic and quyi dramatic, musical, works; oral works; written forms: following the in created Works of fine art and photographic works; cinematographic, television and video-graphic works; drawings of engineering designs and product designs, and descriptions thereof; maps, sketches works; computer other software; works as for provided in law and and administrative rules and The regulations. other graphic copyright industry covers all or some activities pertaining to the above-mentioned works or other industries regarding the objects protected by copyright. These activities consist of exhibiting, distributing and selling. spreading, broadcasting, creation, producing, performing, In order to find out the contributionCopyright Bureau and madethe World by Intellectual Property the copyrightOrganization now are industryjointly conducting to by Chinese Copyright Industry”. on Economic Contribution Project “Research national economies, the State A Museum: Questionnaire used in the latest study (the example of museums) 116 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China Part 1: Basic information of the corporation the of information Basic 1: Part 3. 2. activities copyright of 1. Evaluation 2: Part 4.

Number ofemployees Annualoutputvalue: Registration Time: c otherorganization Business Type: centerprisepublicinstitutionsocialorganization Major exhibitsofthemuseum:RegistrationType: Company Location: Company Name:LegalPerson: In 2004,itis%;in2006,2008,%. company’s totalperformance: The Evaluation ofcopyrightperformance In yourcompany W In 2008,annualincometakesup%ofthetotal;expenditure %ofthetotal. In 2006,annualincometakesup%ofthetotal;expenditure %ofthetotal. In 2004,annualincometakesup%ofthetotal;expenditure %ofthetotal. annual totalincomeandexpenditure: The Income andexpenditur (Please chooseonefr The influenceofcopyrightonthecompany’ orkers engagingincopyrightactivities ratio of the annual income and expenditure generated from the museum’sthe fromits generated expenditurein and activities income copyright annual the of ratio proportion of the performance brought by the copyright activities listed in question No.1 in the in No.1 question in listed activities copyright the by brought performance the of proportion , thenumberofthoseengagingincopyright-related activitiesis. om thefollowing)csignificantmediumverylittle e generatedfrom copyrightactivities s operationis The Economic Contribution of

2008, the project team went to Hebei Province to investigate copyright industries copyright investigate to Province Hebei to went team project the 2008, th rovince P ebei H of

to August 6 August to st Report

urvey The investigation of copyright industries in the Hebei Province reveals the basic situation of these industries there. there. During this period, the project team, through arranging meetings and informal discussions, distributing discussions, informal and meetings arranging through team, project the period, this During there. industries copyright 10 than more studied has interviews, as well as visits city out carrying and questionnaires ceramics, cutting, paper acrobatics, carving, stone painting, year new painting, inside covering cities, nine in and dyeing, animation, etc. paper (ceramic), textile, printing glass, furniture, flower 1. Folk Art Industry profound and characteristics local distinctive displaying content, rich has It history. long a has art folk Hebei’s cultural traditions as well. valuable humanisticThese spiritsplendid folk and somearts reflect of them, large in size, have even developed their own sectors which play a significantdevelopment. The team project rolemade Hengshui a Inside study thorough Painting, of, Wuqiang in particular, in promoting local economic County Paper-cut. Quyang Stone Carving and Wei Acrobatics, Painting, Wuqiao New Year Inside painting art refers to the delicate pictures, with wonderful brushwork and brilliant colors, which are backhand-drawn with a tailor-made thin deformable pen inside blank pots made of and glass, other materials. crystal, It amber can be described as “a limited space, a boundless world”. It is a unique traditional to China art as form. Inside painting art distinguishes four major Guangdong. The schools: inside painting of Guangdong School Beijing, originates from Hengshui. The inside painting Hebei, art in Shandong and Hengshui, with its uniqueness, was approved by the State Council as the first-batch of national intangible cultural heritage. At present, the inside painting art of Hebei school, among the four schools, has become the most influential one with the highest-level skill, the most comprehensive varieties, the largest scale and the fastest development. Hengshui City has built the Exhibition Hall of Hometown of Inside Painting Art of China and established the “Inside Painting Association of Hebei School” with more employed than there. It has 40, developed into 000 an inside painting people art industry with an annual output value reaching almost 1 billion RMB. it succession, historical long a After acrobatics. for place world-famous a is City Cangzhou in County of Wuqiao consists county This world. the over all even or China in phenomenon cultural regional only the become has acrobatic professional of number The actors. acrobatic own its has which of each villages, administrative 473 villages, each of which has more than 50 households of acrobatic actors, has amounted to 110. Acrobatic show industry is flourishing. In the whole now, there county, are more than 100 troupes of various kinds, 76 of which have more than 40 actors, tens of thousands of people are employed and the annual income from all the shows is reaching more than 50 million RMB. The “China Wuqiao International Acrobatics Art Festival” has named been after held the nine famous times. It birth has place of become Wuqiao one of the three greatest arenas in the acrobatics field of the world, on the same level and as Future” the “Tomorrow International Acrobatics Festival and Monte Carlo International Circus Festival. It is even called the “Grand Oriental Acrobatics Playing Arena”. The increasingly popular acrobatic art has driven the related industries, brought along development the employment of more than of 10 thousand people and generated annual way. and indirect of millions yuan in a both direct income valued at hundreds named Council State the 1995, In ago. years 2000 than more to back date can Carving Quyang renowned The Quyang “Hometown of Chinese Carving”; in 2006, “Quyang Stone Carving” was authorised progress great made as has Caving Quyang years, few past the In the heritage. cultural first- intangible national of batch and become the symbol and pillar industry of Quyang. Their sculptures have to expanded cover jade are wood carving, root tooth carving, carving, clay carving, caring, breeze carving, mainly stone to one carvings, from which increased has carvings characteristic with towns of number The others. and carving steel stainless nine; people employed in this industry from increased several thousand to 50 thousand; carving enterprises amounted has industry this by generated value output annual the Now 2300. than more as many as reached regions. and countries 80 than more to exported been have products carving its and RMB billion 1 to S 21 July From Regional Survey Report on Copyright-Based Industry 118 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in China hs rbe sil iey xss Wa’ mr, h mjrt o etrrss r sil oiind s “process as positioned still are enterprises of factories” withhighconsumption, highpollutionandlowaddedvalue. majority the more, What’s exists. widely still problem This consumers. deceive to goods inferior producing irresponsibly even or other’sproducts, each imitating and small-sized companieshave notmuchawareness ofthe needtomakeinnovations.Insteadtheyare copying and medium- many enterprises, large of number small a Unfortunately,except market. the of competition more, only those with unique modeling, beautiful designs and meticulous workmanship can stand the fierce production technique of ceramic, glass, home textile and other industries need no advanced technology any the Since market. broad a hold and vitality lasting maintain can they that so and needs, aesthetic changing people’smeet to incessantly continuously renewed be to cuts paper and acrobatics carving, stone painting, closely related to copyright innovation, hence the need for such age-old are folk arts industries as inside these painting, rural new time, year same GDP. up the the At to taking contribution making and to addition again in force labour employed surplus be to workers lay-off enabling pressure, employment easing in role The result of the survey indicates that these industries, most of which are labour-intensive, play an important the world;especiallyitscottonfabricproducts enjoygreat fameinthemarketbothathomeandabroad. regionsof and countries 60 over to productsareexported Its enterprise. backbone large-scale state-holding a meanwhile and industry this in enterprises 50 top the of one is industry.It textile Chinese of pioneer the is Ltd. TextileCo. Changshan Shijiazhuang well-developed. relatively is Shijiazhuang of industry textile The regarding problem with confronted also is transforming from institutiontoenterpriseandhowstimulatevitalityseekinnovativedevelopment. plant, century-old the Yaohua, needed. materials raw the all many small-scale processing factories are independently manufacturing art and decorative glass after buying Nowadays, production. glass decorative and art for high not is thresholdtechnology, technological end the high- demand which glass automobile or building like glass of production professional the with Compared glass. decorative and art producing towards oriented mainly not is group industry. This the in first as rank volume export glass and production glass float its present, At Industry”. Glass China of “Cradle is as reputed 1922, in established Factory), Glass Yaohua Qinhuangdao named (formerly Group Glass Yaohua China base. It occupies the advanced position in glass industry in production scale, product diversity and technology. Qinghuangdao City is the birth place of Chinese glass industry. It currently is Chinese largest glass production also lagsfarbehindtheworld.Tangshan nowonlyhastwostate-levelmasterceramists. great number of them have to be stuck another brand on for sales. The designing skills of Tangshan porcelain for consecutive years. Tangshan porcelain products have been exported to other countries of the world but a 025 dollar for many years. The exporting of Tangshan porcelain has maintained only a slight amount of profit to 020 aroundhovered has productporcelain single-piece Chinese for poor.arecost exchange average The skills designing its and own its of brands no has it that is one fatal the them, among but reasons, many are porcelain industry of Tangshanthe years, has recent developed slowly supply.In and generated short less in operation income country,constantly than before. the There over all distributed were products porcelain its and market porcelain Chinese lead to speed. managed there surprising industry porcelain a age-long the at period, developed that During porcelain Tangshan when 1990s, to 1980s from approximately time, a Tangshan has been enjoying the reputation Porcelain of “Northern Capital” for a long time. There was once Industries paper color Handan and textile Traditional industries, whichhavealonghistoryandcomparativelylargescale. Shijiazhuang glass, Qinghuangdao Other porcelain, Tangshan of investigation and Textile Porcelain, glassandtextile belongtopartialcopyrightindustry. Theproject teamhasmadeacomprehensive Glass, Porcelain, 2. more than30millionRMB. at valued avenue sales about bringing regions, and countries 40 over to sold been have cuts paper of types 2600 than More sets. million 3 reachingpaper-cuts of production annual and 50 exceeding craftsmen: art households: more than 1100, private paper-cutting towns factories: over 100, various types and different 16 classes of and villages professional 90 30, to close than paper-cuttingvillages: professional are There more paper-cuttingwork. the in from engaging people thousand 280 are there count Project Team forChineseCopyrightIndustryResearch August, 2008 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in China119 ed., ed., st st ed., Beijing: Law Press, 2003. ed., Beijing: Law Press, rd ed, Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2007. Statistics Press, ed, Beijing: China st operty Law, 3 operty Law, of National Accounts, of National Statistics Bureau of China: “Chinese Economic Census ed, Beijing: Law Press, 2006. ed, Beijing: Law Press, st Duties Collection and Control Department, General Administration of Customs of the Bureau Bureau of Statistics of China: “China Economic Census Yearbook 2008”, Beijing: China Bureau Bureau of Statistics of China, National Development and Reform Commission & Ministry of Bureau of Statistics of China & Ministry of Science and Technology: China Statistical Yearbook Yearbook Statistical China Technology: and Science of Ministry & China of Statistics of Bureau Bureau of Statistics of China: China Economic Census Yearbook 2006, Beijing: China Statistics China Beijing: 2006, Yearbook Census Economic China China: of Statistics of Bureau Statistics China Beijing: 2007, Yearbook Census Economic China China: of Statistics of Bureau Bureau of Statistics of China: China Economic Census Yearbook 2005, Beijing: China Statistics China Beijing: 2005, Yearbook Census Economic China China: of Statistics of Bureau of Industry Republic of and of the Information China: People’s Technology Statistical Annual of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China: China Trade in Services Report 2006, Beijing: 2006, Report Services in Trade China China: of Republic People’s the of Commerce of Association of Printing and Printing Equipment Industry & Chinese Graphic Arts Annual Press: Press: Annual Arts Graphic Chinese & Industry Equipment Printing and Printing of Association Press: Annual Arts Graphic Chinese & Industry Equipment Printing and Printing of Association Association of Printing and Printing Equipment Industry & Chinese Graphic Arts Annual Press: Press: Annual Arts Graphic Chinese & Industry Equipment Printing and Printing of Association A. Wittman: Economic Analysis of the Law: selected readings, Trans. by Suli etal, 1 of the Leading Group of the State Council for the First National Economic Census: China Chengsi: Copyright Law in China (revised version), Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 1997. Press, University Renmin China Beijing: version), (revised China in Law Copyright Chengsi: d A. Posner: Law and Literature, trans. by Li Guoqing, Beijing: China University of Political Science Political of University China Beijing: Guoqing, Li by trans. Literature, and Law Posner: A. d d A. Posner: Economic Analysis of Law, trans. by Jiang Zhao K and proofread by Lin Yifu, 1 Yifu, Lin by proofread and K Zhao Jiang by trans. Law, of Analysis Economic Posner: A. d references

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Copyright-Based Industries in China121 opean Economy of Copyright Industries in Selected Arab Countries Egypt Jordan Lebanon Morocco Tunisia Tunisia Morocco Lebanon Jordan Egypt Countries Arab Selected in Industries Copyright of Center, National Bureau of Center, Statistics: the Industry Data Republic of of of the Tertiary People’s Xiaoming, Xiaoming, Hu Huilin & Zhang Jiangang (chief editor): Annual Report on the Development of National Studies on Assessing the Economic Contribution of the Copyright–Based Industries Copyright Institute Copyright White Paper – A view from the perspective of copyright industries copyright of perspective the from view A – Paper White Copyright Institute Copyright Economic Importance of Copyright, published by The Common Law Institute of Intellectual Baoguo (chief editor): Annual Report on the Development of Chinese Media Industry 2004-2005, 2004-2005, Industry Media Chinese of Development the on Report Annual editor): (chief Baoguo Zhenhu & Zhang Junchang (chief editor): Blue Book on Chinese Radio & TV Brand 2005, Beijing: Pin (chief editor): Annual Report on the Development of Chinese Periodical Industry No.1: Market References

( WIPO Publication No916E 2003) Rights to the Eur The Contribution of Copyright and Related Performance Japan The Property Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2005. Academic Press, Beijing: Social Sciences 2005. Sciences Academic Press, Beijing: Social Analysis and Method Searching, in the US Economy Stephen E. Siwek Copyright Industries WIPO (WIPO Publication No624e 2006) Chinese Culture Industry 2008, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2008 Press, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Industry 2008, Chinese Culture Census Cui Li Zhang He House, 2006. Publishing China Radio & Television 2000. Statistics Press, China, Beijing: China

nglish [51] [52] [53] [47] E [48] [49] [50] [44] [45] [46] [43]