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Mars Helicopter/Ingenuity
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars Helicopter/Ingenuity When NASA’s Perseverance rover lands on February 18, 2021, it will be carrying a passenger onboard: the first helicopter ever designed to fly in the thin Martian air. The Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, is a small, or as full standalone science craft carrying autonomous aircraft that will be carried to instrument payloads. Taking to the air would the surface of the Red Planet attached to the give scientists a new perspective on a region’s belly of the Perseverance rover. Its mission geology and even allow them to peer into is experimental in nature and completely areas that are too steep or slippery to send independent of the rover’s science mission. a rover. In the distant future, they might even In the months after landing, the helicopter help astronauts explore Mars. will be placed on the surface to test – for the first time ever – powered flight in the thin The project is solely a demonstration of Martian air. Its performance during these technology; it is not designed to support the experimental test flights will help inform Mars 2020/Perseverance mission, which decisions relating to considering small is searching for signs of ancient life and helicopters for future Mars missions, where collecting samples of rock and sediment in they could perform in a support role as tubes for potential return to Earth by later robotic scouts, surveying terrain from above, missions. This illustration shows the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity on the surface of Mars. Key Objectives Key Features • Prove powered flight in the thin atmosphere of • Weighs 4 pounds (1.8 kg) Mars. -
News in Focus GETTY Ahead of a Lockdown Imposed on 14 April, Migrant Workers Queue at a Railway Station to Leave the City of Mumbai, India
The world this week News in focus GETTY Ahead of a lockdown imposed on 14 April, migrant workers queue at a railway station to leave the city of Mumbai, India. INDIA’S MASSIVE COVID SURGE PUZZLES SCIENTISTS The virus is spreading faster than ever before in India, despite previous high infection rates in megacities, which should have conferred some protection. By Smriti Mallapaty Delhi and Chennai had already been infected, Germany are also currently experiencing large leading some researchers to conclude that the outbreaks relative to their size, and nations he pandemic is sweeping through India worst of the pandemic was over in the country. including Brazil and the United States are at a pace that has staggered scientists. Researchers in India are now trying to pin- reporting infection rates of around 60,000– Daily case numbers have exploded point what is behind the unprecedented surge, 70,000 a day. But India’s daily totals are now since early March: the government which could be due to an unfortunate con- the highest recorded for any country, and have reported 352,991 new infections fluence of factors, including the emergence exceeded a peak of 300,000 cases seen in the Tnationally on 25 April. High numbers in India of particularly infectious variants, a rise in United States on 2 January. have also helped to drive daily global cases to un restricted social interactions, and low vac- COVID-19 case numbers started to drop in a high of 899,755 in the past week, breaking a cine coverage. Untangling the causes could India last September, after a high of around record set in January. -
NASA's Mars Global Surveyor May Be at Mission's End 21 November 2006
NASA's Mars Global Surveyor May Be at Mission's End 21 November 2006 explanations for the radio silence. "Realistically, we have run through the most likely possibilities for re-establishing communication, and we are facing the likelihood that the amazing flow of scientific observations from Mars Global Surveyor is over," said Fuk Li, Mars Exploration Program manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif. "We are not giving up hope, though." Efforts to regain contact with the spacecraft and determine what has happened to it will continue. NASA's newest Mars spacecraft, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, pointed its cameras towards Mars Global Surveyor on Monday. "We NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. have looked for Mars Global Surveyor with the star tracker, the context camera and the high-resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter," said Doug McCuistion, Mars Exploration Program NASA's Mars Global Surveyor has likely finished director at NASA Headquarters. "Preliminary its operating career. The orbiter has not analysis of the images did not show any definitive communicated with Earth since Nov. 2. Preliminary sightings of a spacecraft." indications are that a solar panel became difficult to pivot, raising the possibility that the spacecraft The next possibility for learning more about Mars may no longer be able to generate enough power Global Surveyor's status is a plan to send it a to communicate. command to use a transmitter that could be heard by one of NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers later "Mars Global Surveyor has surpassed all this week. expectations," said Michael Meyer, NASA's lead scientist for Mars exploration at NASA Mars Global Surveyor launched on Nov. -
Deep Space Navigation
Deep Space Navigation NASA Technology Roadmaps Review Robotics, Communications, and Navigation Workshop 29 March 2011 Lincoln J. Wood Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Topics to be Covered • Information about speaker • General comments on roadmap • Comments on roadmap Section 2.1.4 • Radio metric tracking technologies • Frequency and timing technologies • Comments on roadmap section 2.1.6 • Communications technologies (brief overview) LJW - 2 Information about Speaker • Education – B.S., Cornell University, Engineering Physics – M.S., Ph.D., Stanford University, Aeronautics and Astronautics • With Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, since 1977 – Various program management, line management, and technical analysis responsibilities in space navigation and mission design – Currently, Principal Engineer, Mission Design & Navigation Section • Associate Editor of – Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1983-1990 – Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, 1980-1983 • Technical committee member – American Astronautical Society (AAS) Space Flight Mechanics Committee, 1980-1997; Chairman, 1993-1995 – AIAA Astrodynamics Technical Committee, 1985-1988; Chairman, 1986-1988 • Associate Fellow, AIAA; Senior Member, AAS and IEEE LJW - 3 Information about Speaker (Cont’d) • Author or coauthor of 70+ journal articles or conference papers on space navigation, trajectory optimization, or control theory • Pertinent recent publications include – Wood, L. J., “Interplanetary Navigation,” Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 5, edited by R. Blockley and W. Shyy, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2010, pp. 3071-3084. – Wood, L. J., “The Evolution of Deep Space Navigation: 1989-1999,” in Advances in the Astronautical Sciences: The F. Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium, Vol. 132, edited by J. L. Crassidis, et al., Univelt, San Diego, 2008, pp. 877-898. – Wood, L. -
+ Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Launch Press
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Launch Press Kit August 2005 Media Contacts Dolores Beasley Policy/Program Management 202/358-1753 Headquarters [email protected] Washington, D.C. Guy Webster Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission 818/354-5011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. George Diller Launch 321/867-2468 Kennedy Space Center, Fla. [email protected] Joan Underwood Spacecraft & Launch Vehicle 303/971-7398 Lockheed Martin Space Systems [email protected] Denver, Colo. Contents General Release ..................................………………………..........................................…..... 3 Media Services Information ………………………………………..........................................…..... 5 Quick Facts ………………………………………………………................................….………… 6 Mars at a Glance ………………………………………………………..................................………. 7 Where We've Been and Where We're Going ……………………................…………................... 8 Science Investigations ............................................................................................................... 12 Technology Objectives .............................................................................................................. 21 Mission Overview ……………...………………………………………...............................………. 22 Spacecraft ................................................................................................................................. 33 Mars: The Water Trail …………………………………………………………………...............…… -
Mars Science Laboratory Landing
PRESS KIT/JULY 2012 Mars Science Laboratory Landing Media Contacts Dwayne Brown NASA’s Mars 202-358-1726 Steve Cole Program 202-358-0918 Headquarters [email protected] Washington [email protected] Guy Webster Mars Science Laboratory 818-354-5011 D.C. Agle Mission 818-393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. [email protected] Science Payload Investigations Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer: Ruth Ann Chicoine, Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Québec, Canada; 450-926-4451; [email protected] Chemistry and Camera: James Rickman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.; 505-665-9203; [email protected] Chemistry and Mineralogy: Rachel Hoover, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; 650-604-0643; [email protected] Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons: Igor Mitrofanov, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 011-7-495-333-3489; [email protected] Mars Descent Imager, Mars Hand Lens Imager, Mast Camera: Michael Ravine, Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego; 858-552-2650 extension 591; [email protected] Radiation Assessment Detector: Donald Hassler, Southwest Research Institute; Boulder, Colo.; 303-546-0683; [email protected] Rover Environmental Monitoring Station: Luis Cuesta, Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, Spain; 011-34-620-265557; [email protected] Sample Analysis at Mars: Nancy Neal Jones, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; 301-286-0039; [email protected] Engineering Investigation MSL Entry, Descent and Landing Instrument Suite: Kathy Barnstorff, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; 757-864-9886; [email protected] Contents Media Services Information. -
Tiny Robotic Helicopter to Take Off with Mars 2020 Rover by Washington Post, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 05.25.18 Word Count 585 Level 720L
Tiny robotic helicopter to take off with Mars 2020 rover By Washington Post, adapted by Newsela staff on 05.25.18 Word Count 585 Level 720L The Mars Helicopter, a small, autonomous spacecraft. Image from NASA, JPL-Caltech NASA is the U.S. space group. It has spent 50 years exploring Mars, the fourth planet from the sun. NASA has sent orbiters and rovers to explore Earth's neighbor. But the space group's next mission is different. It will be the first to send a tiny robot helicopter to another planet. NASA made the announcement on May 11. It said the Mars Helicopter will fly inside the Mars 2020 rover when it launches in two years. The helicopter is a small spacecraft. Its spinning rotor is only about 3 feet long. The mission will serve mainly as a test of NASA's technology. The group has never done anything like this before. It wants to find out what is needed to fly a helicopter over a planet that is 140 million miles away. Thin Atmosphere It took four years of testing to create the helicopter. That is because operating a spacecraft on the Red Planet is difficult. Mars' atmosphere is very thin. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. surrounds the planet. On Mars, hovering just 10 feet above the surface is like soaring 100,000 feet above Earth. That's because Earth has a thicker atmosphere than Mars. The altitude record for helicopters on Earth is 40,000 feet. -
The Path from Leo to Mars Hearing Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation United States Senate
S. HRG. 112–808 THE PATH FROM LEO TO MARS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SEPTEMBER 12, 2012 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82–565 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:39 Sep 04, 2013 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\82565.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia, Chairman DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas, Ranking JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine BARBARA BOXER, California JIM DEMINT, South Carolina BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARIA CANTWELL, Washington ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia MARK PRYOR, Arkansas ROY BLUNT, Missouri CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota PATRICK J. TOOMEY, Pennsylvania TOM UDALL, New Mexico MARCO RUBIO, Florida MARK WARNER, Virginia KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire MARK BEGICH, Alaska DEAN HELLER, Nevada ELLEN L. DONESKI, Staff Director JAMES REID, Deputy Staff Director JOHN WILLIAMS, General Counsel RICHARD M. RUSSELL, Republican Staff Director DAVID QUINALTY, Republican Deputy Staff Director REBECCA SEIDEL, Republican General Counsel and Chief Investigator (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:39 Sep 04, 2013 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\82565.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on September 12, 2012 .................................................................... -
NASA Aims for Historic Helicopter Flight on Mars 19 April 2021
NASA aims for historic helicopter flight on Mars 19 April 2021 attempt. The first powered flight on Earth was achieved by the Wright brothers in 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. A piece of fabric from that plane has been tucked inside Ingenuity in honor of that feat. The helicopter traveled to Mars attached to the underside of the rover Perseverance, which touched down on the planet on February 18 on a mission to search for signs of extraterrestrial life. Ingenuity's goal, by contrast, is to demonstrate its technology works, and it won't contribute to Perseverance's science goals. NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter, with all four of its legs But it is hoped that Ingenuity can pave the way for deployed, is pictured before dropping from the belly of future flyers that revolutionize our exploration of the Perseverance rover in March 2021 celestial bodies because they can reach areas that rovers can't go, and travel much faster. The timing of the helicopter flight is chosen with the NASA is hoping to make history early Monday weather on Mars in mind. Wind is the big unknown when the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter attempts the and could jeopardize the mission. first powered, controlled flight on another planet. The flight is challenging because the air on Mars is The space agency had originally planned the flight so thin—less than one percent of the pressure of for April 11 but postponed it over a software issue Earth's atmosphere. that was identified during a planned high-speed test of the aircraft's rotors. -
Three JPL Concepts Picked in Discovery's First Round
OCTOBER Jet Propulsion 2015 Laboratory VOLUME 45 NUMBER 10 Three JPL concepts picked in Discovery’s first round By Franklin O’Donnell JPL’s Discovery Program proposals are (from left) NEOCam, Psyche and VERITAS. Significant good news for JPL ar- would map the planet with a radar “As more and more exoplanets are rived at the end of September when vastly more capable than that on discovered, this information is essen- NASA announced the selection of JPL’s Magellan mission of the ear- tial to predicting whether Earth-sized three mission concepts managed by ly 1990s. The mission would obtain planets are more likely to resemble the Lab for possible development un- global maps of high-resolution radar Earth or Venus.” der the agency’s Discovery Program. imaging and altimetry, and make other Tony Freeman was the VERITAS The three proposals – a Venus or- measurements designed to penetrate capture lead for Step 1. Dave Leh- biter, a mission to a metal asteroid Venus’ thick carbon dioxide atmo- man of JPL is project manager, Scott and a space telescope to search sphere. Hensley is the project scientist, and for more near-Earth asteroids – are JPL planetary scientist Sue Smrek- Leon Alkalai will be the capture lead among five concepts that NASA will ar, VERITAS principal investigator, for Phase A. Lockheed Martin would fund for further concept design stud- said the mission is designed to reveal be the spacecraft contractor. VERI- ies during the coming year. In Sep- Venus’ geologic history, determine TAS stands for Venus Emissivity, Ra- tember 2016, the agency expects to how active it is, and search for the dio Science, InSAR, Topography And pick one or two for final development fingerprints of past and present water. -
Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator
AIAA SciTech Forum 10.2514/6.2018-0023 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator J. (Bob) Balaram?; ∗, Timothy Canham?;†, Courtney Duncan?;‡, Matt Golombek?;§, Håvard Fjær Grip?;¶, Wayne Johnson??;‖, Justin Maki?;∗∗, Amelia Quon?;††, Ryan Stern?;‡‡, and David Zhu?;§§ ?Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 ??NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035 We describe a helicopter that is being developed as a technology demonstrator of Mars aerial mobility. The key design features of the helicopter, associated test infrastructure, and results from a full-scale prototype are briefly described. Nomenclature ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter BIB Battery Interface Board COTS Commerical Off-the-shelf CPU Central Processor Unit dof degrees-of-freedom ECM Electronics Core Module EDM Engineering Design Model FC Flight Controller FFB FPGA/Flight-Controller Board FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array GPIO General Purpose Input/Ouput GPS Global Positioning System IC Integrated Circuit IMU Inertial Measurement Unit MCU Microcontroller Unit MEMS Microelectromechanical System NAV Navigation NSB Navigation/Servo Controller Board ROI Region of Interest RTE Return-to-Earth SEL Single-Event Latch-up SOM System On a Module SPI Serial Peripheral Interface TCB Telecommunications Board UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Downloaded by NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER on January 8, 2018 | http://arc.aiaa.org DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-0023 -
Briefing to the NRC Panel on Robotics Communications and Navigation
Briefing to the NRC Panel on Robotics, Communications, and Navigation NASA Technology Roadmaps in the Guidance & Control Area 3/29/11‐3/30/11 MiMi Aung Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Topics to be Covered • Information about speaker • Definition of Guidance, Navigation and Control • Future of Guidance, Navigation and Control as a part of increasingly complex missions and challenggging budggyetary environment • Recommendation for the Robotics, Communication and Navigation Roadmaps – Key GN&C Technologies – Key cross‐cutting technologies within GN&C and other disciplines – Need for system demonstrations • Summary Information about Speaker • Education – B.S., University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign – M.S., University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign • With JtJet PliPropulsion LbLabora tory, ClthCaltech, since 1990 – Currently manager of the Guidance and Control Section – Past experience • Guidance & Control sensors group supervisor • Formation Flying technology manager for Terrestrial Planet Finder mission • Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor manager for StarLight mission • Optical Communication Ground Terminal manager for Mars Laser Communication Demonstration • Radiometer Instrument cognizant engineer for EOS Microwave Limb Sounder • Deep Space Network Signal Processing and Communication engineer • Briefing Team – Dr. Fred Hadaegh, Fellow in AIAA, IEEE, JPL in the area of Guidance & Control – Mr. J. Edmund Riedel, Principal Engineer at JPL with extensive experience in Technology and Flight including Deep