DOCSLIB.ORG

AN-18PDF-What-Does-Genetics-Have-T.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AN-18PDF-What-Does-Genetics-Have-T.Pdf What Does Genetics Have to Do with It? Alaska Sea Grant College Program 2008, doi:10.4027/wdghdi.2008.01 1 Even Fish Obey Mendel’s Laws A.J. Gharrett University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fisheries Division, Juneau, Alaska This is the first of a series of articles that consider the role genetics plays in conservation and management of our fisheries resources. Genetics is the discipline that makes a coherent field out of many diverse biological disciplines, which include the molecular level (e.g., biochemistry and cell biology), the organism (e.g., anatomy and physiology), interactions among organisms (e.g., ecology and population biology), and descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of species (e.g., zoology and ichthyology). Inheritance, its underlying mechanisms, and ultimately evolution, which at its simplest level is merely changes in the genetic instructions, are the basis of all biological disciplines. Unfortunately, the key to the door to genetics has a price. A number of underlying ideas are important to understanding the role of genetics. In addition, a special vocabulary (jargon if you are not already a geneticist) is used to describe these ideas. The first two chapters deal with the basic principles and vocabulary, but we will add more terms along with ideas introduced in later chapters. In this first chapter, we review basic inheritance, which is often referred to as Mendelian genetics. 1 2 What Does Genetics Have to Do with It? “What does genetics have to do with it?” That’s rearing habitat (for example) of different salmon one of the most frequent questions that fisheries populations throughout a species range, it is apparent geneticists get asked by fish culturists, managers, that no two streams are identical. For example, there fishermen, and the public. Some of the more specific are obvious latitudinal temperature changes—streams questions are, “Do hatcheries change the fish? If they in the Pacific Northwest are generally warmer do, is that always bad?”; “Do hatchery fish harm wild than streams in Alaska. And, even within larger stocks?”; “Does regulating fisheries by time, place, drainages there may be variation in the available gear, or whatever affect the stock in the long term?” habitat—tributaries or reaches within tributaries It turns out that the universal answer is, “It depends” may differ in gradient, stream flow, water chemistry, because nearly every situation is different, and as temperature regime, spawning substrate (gravel the adage goes, the devil is in the details. Answers to size and quality), and juvenile rearing conditions. these apparently simple questions require a thorough In addition, populations of salmon species usually understanding of the biology involved in the situation, have different marine experiences. A clear example which includes the pertinent genetics issues. Often of local adaptation is the sockeye salmon in Necker the total information that is needed for an informed Creek, which drains Benzeman Lake on southern answer or decision exceeds what is available to Baranof Island, Alaska. Many fallen trees in Necker culturists, managers, and geneticists combined. Creek block the passage of larger fish to the lake. Over Consequently, fisheries geneticists, like fisheries the years, the size of spawners has been reduced by scientists, often have to make the best decision natural selection. The small fish that now spawn in the possible from incomplete or inadequate data. In such system are called “twofers” by the fishermen because instances, it is usually preferable to err on the side of it takes two Necker Creek fish to get the same price caution; that is, make a decision that is least likely to as a single sockeye salmon from other areas. Local harm the resource. This is sometimes referred to as adaptation has been documented in many other the precautionary principle and, as for physicians, instances. One particularly striking result is spawning the first rule is “do no harm.” Just like the decisions timing of sockeye salmon in the Fraser River system in physicians make, those of managers and geneticists British Columbia. In salmon, which are cold-blooded, may be irreversible. development rate and time from spawning to hatching In order to consider these and other questions, proceeds at a rate that depends on the temperature of we need to learn a little about basic genetics. Our their environment (i.e., water temperature). Embryos ultimate goal is to examine the underlying genetic that are produced in warmer water generally develop principles and then to apply the principles to common faster and hatch earlier than those produced in colder questions about the role or influence of genetics on water. There is a strong correlation between spawning fisheries management and conservation. One of the timing and water temperature—Fraser River sockeye barriers to understanding genetics is the jargon that that spawn in coldwater drainages return earlier than geneticists use. Along the way we will attempt to those that spawn in warmer drainages. clarify some of that jargon because those explanations Habitat diversity is also often apparent for will also be useful in revealing many of the basic populations of a marine species in different areas, concepts. We will refer to this chapter (1. Even Fish although the differences may not be as obvious as Obey Mendel’s Laws) in other chapters. the differences we identify in freshwater populations. Also, when environmental conditions are examined Local adaptation over time, it is clear that no two populations have experienced exactly the same sequence of historical One of the central concepts that provides us with a environments. Moreover, because freshwater and perspective in understanding how genetics applies to marine conditions change from year to year, the conservation and management of wild populations, lifetime experiences of different cohorts (year classes) and the interaction of wild and cultured stocks, is produced by a single population often differ. And, local adaptation. If one looks at the spawning and Even Fish Obey Mendel’s Laws 3 this does not even consider the changes in climate (eggs and sperm) receive exactly one copy of each that inexorably occur over time. We will come back gene. The single set or complement of chromosomes to the idea of local adaptation repeatedly, but for now is referred to as a haploid set. Like the genes they let’s examine some basic genetics ideas and the jargon carry, chromosomes occur in pairs. The idea is that is used so that we will be prepared to incorporate analogous to the pairs of animals on Noah’s ark. Each genetics into those discussions. member of a pair of chromosomes carries information (genes) for the same traits and the genes are arranged Mitosis and cell division in the same order on both chromosomes. A pair of chromosomes that carries information for the same An analogy for the information encoded in the DNA traits is referred to as a homologous pair. of an organism is a set of blueprints or a recipe that Cell division is necessary for fertilized eggs details how to construct or cook a particular product. to develop into organisms, for organisms to grow, Blueprints detail how to build a house or a widget; and for maintenance and repair. The process of recipes give instructions for baking casseroles or cell division, which is called mitosis, ensures that cakes. DNA specifies how to build a hemoglobin complete diploid complements of chromosomes molecule or other biological structure, but also (and their genes) are received by each product of the determines when and where in the organism the division. Figure 1 shows how such exact partitioning construction is to take place. In most animals, the is accomplished. The objective of the process is to vast majority of the tens of thousands of genes are distribute the chromosomes (and their genes) equally. carried on chromosomes that are located in the Mitosis yields products that have identical diploid nucleus of a cell. We will also see later that we have complements. many DNA sequences that do not carry information for structures. In fact, many sequences have no known function! Genotype versus phenotype There is built-in redundancy for most genes An organism’s genotype refers to the genetic because animals generally carry two separate copies information that it carries, and the result, which we of the blueprints. The redundancy serves several actually see in an individual, is the phenotype. For purposes. One is that there is a backup if one of example, a recipe carries the information for baking the copies is defective. In some instances, both a cake and is analogous to a genotype. The cake that copies contribute to expression of a trait. Most of results, however, depends on the quality of ingredients the organisms that we consider carry two copies used, the skill of the baker, and occasionally the of most genes. Organisms that usually carry two barometric pressure or altitude. No two cakes are copies of genes are referred to as diploid organisms. identical, even though they were products of the same Another benefit of carrying two copies is that the recipe. Some genes very explicitly define the resulting mechanism of sexual reproduction, which is based phenotype—like type AB blood—but others are not on the possession of two copies of each recipe, can quite as explicit. For example, male pattern baldness generate an enormous number of different genetic in humans affects many people, but the extent of the combinations (design plans) within a species. The effect runs from a healthy fringe to bald as a cue ball. laws of genetics that Gregor Mendel discovered The term genotype can be applied narrowly to the nearly 150 years ago apply to diploid genes that precise set of genetic information (for one gene) are carried in the nucleus.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FISH LIST WISH LIST: a Case for Updating the Canadian Government’S Guidance for Common Names on Seafood
    FISH LIST WISH LIST: A case for updating the Canadian government’s guidance for common names on seafood Authors: Christina Callegari, Scott Wallace, Sarah Foster and Liane Arness ISBN: 978-1-988424-60-6 © SeaChoice November 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY . 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 4 Findings . 5 Recommendations . 6 INTRODUCTION . 7 APPROACH . 8 Identification of Canadian-caught species . 9 Data processing . 9 REPORT STRUCTURE . 10 SECTION A: COMMON AND OVERLAPPING NAMES . 10 Introduction . 10 Methodology . 10 Results . 11 Snapper/rockfish/Pacific snapper/rosefish/redfish . 12 Sole/flounder . 14 Shrimp/prawn . 15 Shark/dogfish . 15 Why it matters . 15 Recommendations . 16 SECTION B: CANADIAN-CAUGHT SPECIES OF HIGHEST CONCERN . 17 Introduction . 17 Methodology . 18 Results . 20 Commonly mislabelled species . 20 Species with sustainability concerns . 21 Species linked to human health concerns . 23 Species listed under the U .S . Seafood Import Monitoring Program . 25 Combined impact assessment . 26 Why it matters . 28 Recommendations . 28 SECTION C: MISSING SPECIES, MISSING ENGLISH AND FRENCH COMMON NAMES AND GENUS-LEVEL ENTRIES . 31 Introduction . 31 Missing species and outdated scientific names . 31 Scientific names without English or French CFIA common names . 32 Genus-level entries . 33 Why it matters . 34 Recommendations . 34 CONCLUSION . 35 REFERENCES . 36 APPENDIX . 39 Appendix A . 39 Appendix B . 39 FISH LIST WISH LIST: A case for updating the Canadian government’s guidance for common names on seafood 2 GLOSSARY The terms below are defined to aid in comprehension of this report. Common name — Although species are given a standard Scientific name — The taxonomic (Latin) name for a species. common name that is readily used by the scientific In nomenclature, every scientific name consists of two parts, community, industry has adopted other widely used names the genus and the specific epithet, which is used to identify for species sold in the marketplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Sebastes Miniatus) from Oregon Waters
    INFORMATION REPORTS NUMBER 2012-05 FISH DIVISION Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Age, growth and female maturity of vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) from Oregon waters The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and services on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex or disability. If you believe that you have been discriminated against as described above in any program, activity, or facility, please contact the ADA Coordinator, 3406 Cherry Avenue NE, Salem, OR 97303, 503-947-6000. This material will be furnished in alternate format for people with disabilities if needed. Please call (503-947-6000) to request. Age, growth and female maturity of vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) from Oregon waters Robert W. Hannah Lisa A. Kautzi Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Marine Resources Program 2040 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, Oregon 97365, U.S.A. December 2012 Introduction Recent changes in U.S. fishery management standards have placed increased emphasis on implementing precautionary harvest levels for all stocks, even those that are only minor components of commercial or recreational fisheries. Precautionary harvest levels are especially critical for long-lived, late-maturing, unassessed stocks that have been harvested for many years in mixed-stock fisheries, such as several nearshore Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes) on the U.S west coast. For these typically data-poor stocks, qualitative evaluations of stock vulnerability to overfishing are a useful starting point in developing precautionary management measures (e.g. Patrick et al. 2010, Ormseth and Spencer 2011). Vulnerability analyses in turn depend on accurate basic life history information, such as age, growth and female maturity as a function of length or age.
    [Show full text]
  • Rockfish Populations Around Galiano Island Freedom to Swim: Research Component for Rockfish Recovery Project
    GALIANO CONSERVANCY ASSOCIATION Rockfish populations around Galiano Island Freedom to Swim: Research Component for Rockfish Recovery Project 2013 Rockfish populations around Galiano Island Page 2 of 18 Executive Summary Rockfish (Sebastes), of the Scorpionfish family, are unique to the Pacific Northwest. As of 2012 there are 8 species listed as threatened or of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Canary, Quillback and Yellowmouth rockfish are listed as ‘threatened’; Rougheye Type I, Rougheye Type II, Darkblotched, Longspine Thornyhead, and Yelloweye (outside waters and inside waters populations) rockfish are listed as ‘special concern’. Both species of Rougheye and both populations of Yelloweye rockfish are also listed under the Species At Risk Act as ‘special concern’. These predatory fish can live at great depths, and tend to live very long lives of 80 or more years (Lamb and Edgell, 2010). These factors, when combined with their primarily territorial lifestyles, have made them particularly susceptible to overharvest. There is a strong need to protect these species with enforced no‐take marine protected areas, and we can only hope that recent conservation efforts will be enough to recover some of the most depleted populations (Lamb and Edgell, 2010; McConnell and Dinnel, 2002). In the late 1980s the commercial rockfish fishery boomed, which led to a series of management responses in the 1990s to attempt to recover the rapidly depleting stocks in BC (Yamanaka and Logan, 2010). This also occurred in the US as a direct result of pressure on the salmon stocks ‐ fishermen were urged to divert their attentions to bottom fish (McConnell and Dinnel, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area APPENDICES
    FMP for Groundfish of the BSAI Management Area Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area APPENDICES Appendix A History of the Fishery Management Plan ...................................................................... A-1 A.1 Amendments to the FMP ......................................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B Geographical Coordinates of Areas Described in the Fishery Management Plan ..... B-1 B.1 Management Area, Subareas, and Districts ............................................................................. B-1 B.2 Closed Areas ............................................................................................................................ B-2 B.3 PSC Limitation Zones ........................................................................................................... B-18 Appendix C Summary of the American Fisheries Act and Subtitle II ............................................. C-1 C.1 Summary of the American Fisheries Act (AFA) Management Measures ............................... C-1 C.2 Summary of Amendments to AFA in the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010 ................ C-2 C.3 American Fisheries Act: Subtitle II Bering Sea Pollock Fishery ............................................ C-4 Appendix D Life History Features and Habitat Requirements of Fishery Management Plan SpeciesD-1 D.1 Walleye pollock (Theragra calcogramma) ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the Fisheries Report an Update Through 2008
    STATUS OF THE FISHERIES REPORT AN UPDATE THROUGH 2008 Photo credit: Edgar Roberts. Report to the California Fish and Game Commission as directed by the Marine Life Management Act of 1998 Prepared by California Department of Fish and Game Marine Region August 2010 Acknowledgements Many of the fishery reviews in this report are updates of the reviews contained in California’s Living Marine Resources: A Status Report published in 2001. California’s Living Marine Resources provides a complete review of California’s three major marine ecosystems (nearshore, offshore, and bays and estuaries) and all the important plants and marine animals that dwell there. This report, along with the Updates for 2003 and 2006, is available on the Department’s website. All the reviews in this report were contributed by California Department of Fish and Game biologists unless another affiliation is indicated. Author’s names and email addresses are provided with each review. The Editor would like to thank the contributors for their efforts. All the contributors endeavored to make their reviews as accurate and up-to-date as possible. Additionally, thanks go to the photographers whose photos are included in this report. Editor Traci Larinto Senior Marine Biologist Specialist California Department of Fish and Game [email protected] Status of the Fisheries Report 2008 ii Table of Contents 1 Coonstripe Shrimp, Pandalus danae .................................................................1-1 2 Kellet’s Whelk, Kelletia kelletii ...........................................................................2-1
    [Show full text]
  • Rockfish (Sebastes) That Are Evolutionarily Isolated Are Also
    Biological Conservation 142 (2009) 1787–1796 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Rockfish (Sebastes) that are evolutionarily isolated are also large, morphologically distinctive and vulnerable to overfishing Karen Magnuson-Ford a,b, Travis Ingram c, David W. Redding a,b, Arne Ø. Mooers a,b,* a Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6 b IRMACS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6 c Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, #2370-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 article info abstract Article history: In an age of triage, we must prioritize species for conservation effort. Species more isolated on the tree of Received 23 September 2008 life are candidates for increased attention. The rockfish genus Sebastes is speciose (>100 spp.), morpho- Received in revised form 10 March 2009 logically and ecologically diverse and many species are heavily fished. We used a complete Sebastes phy- Accepted 18 March 2009 logeny to calculate a measure of evolutionary isolation for each species and compared this to their Available online 22 April 2009 morphology and imperilment. We found that evolutionarily isolated species in the northeast Pacific are both larger-bodied and, independent of body size, morphologically more distinctive. We examined Keywords: extinction risk within rockfish using a compound measure of each species’ intrinsic vulnerability to Phylogenetic diversity overfishing and categorizing species as commercially fished or not. Evolutionarily isolated species in Extinction risk Conservation priorities the northeast Pacific are more likely to be fished, and, due to their larger sizes and to life history traits Body size such as long lifespan and slow maturation rate, they are also intrinsically more vulnerable to overfishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for the Rougheye/Blackspotted Rockfish Complex (Sebastes Aleutianus and S
    DRAFT SPECIES AT RISK ACT MANAGESPECIESMENT PLAN AT RISK SERIES ACT MANAGEMENT PLAN SERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ROUGHEYE/BLACKSPOTTEDMANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ROCKFISH ROUGHEY E COMPLEXROCKFISHROUGHEYE (SEBASTES ALEUTIANUSROCKFISH COMPLEX AND S. MELANOSTICTUS(SEBASTES ALEUTIANUS) AND LONGSPINE AND S. THORNYHEADMELANOSTICTUS (SEBASTOLOBUS) AND LONGSPINE ALTIVELIS THORNYHE) IN AD CANADA(SEBAST OLOBUS ALTIVELIS)INCANADA SEBASTES ALEUTIANUS; SEBASTES MELANOSTICTUS SEBASTES ASEBASTOLOBUSLEUTIANUS; SEBASTES ALTIVELIS MEL ANOSTICTUS SEBASTOLOBUS ALTIVELIS S. aleutianus S. melanostictus 2012 Photo Credit: DFO Sebastolobus altivelis 2012 About the Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series What is the Species at Risk Act (SARA)? SARA is the Act developed by the federal government as a key contribution to the common national effort to protect and conserve species at risk in Canada. SARA came into force in 2003, and one of its purposes is “to manage species of special concern to prevent them from becoming endangered or threatened.” What is a species of special concern? Under SARA, a species of special concern is a wildlife species that could become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Species of special concern are included in the SARA List of Wildlife Species at Risk. What is a management plan? Under SARA, a management plan is an action-oriented planning document that identifies the conservation activities and land use measures needed to ensure, at a minimum, that a species of special concern does not become threatened or endangered. For many species, the ultimate aim of the management plan will be to alleviate human threats and remove the species from the List of Wildlife Species at Risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Southward Range Extension of the Goldeye Rockfish, Sebastes
    Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51(2), 2021, 153–158 | DOI 10.3897/aiep.51.68832 Southward range extension of the goldeye rockfish, Sebastes thompsoni (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), to northern Taiwan Tak-Kei CHOU1, Chi-Ngai TANG2 1 Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2 Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan http://zoobank.org/5F8F5772-5989-4FBA-A9D9-B8BD3D9970A6 Corresponding author: Tak-Kei Chou ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ronald Fricke ♦ Received 18 May 2021 ♦ Accepted 7 June 2021 ♦ Published 12 July 2021 Citation: Chou T-K, Tang C-N (2021) Southward range extension of the goldeye rockfish, Sebastes thompsoni (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), to northern Taiwan. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51(2): 153–158. https://doi.org/10.3897/ aiep.51.68832 Abstract The goldeye rockfish,Sebastes thompsoni (Jordan et Hubbs, 1925), is known as a typical cold-water species, occurring from southern Hokkaido to Kagoshima. In the presently reported study, a specimen was collected from the local fishery catch off Keelung, northern Taiwan, which represents the first specimen-based record of the genus in Taiwan. Moreover, the new record ofSebastes thompsoni in Taiwan represented the southernmost distribution of the cold-water genus Sebastes in the Northern Hemisphere. Keywords cold-water fish, DNA barcoding, neighbor-joining, new recorded genus, phylogeny, Sebastes joyneri Introduction On an occasional survey in a local fish market (25°7.77′N, 121°44.47′E), a mature female individual of The rockfish genusSebastes Cuvier, 1829 is the most spe- Sebastes thompsoni (Jordan et Hubbs, 1925) was obtained ciose group of the Scorpaenidae, which comprises about in the local catches, which were caught off Keelung, north- 110 species worldwide (Li et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Fishes of California
    COMMON FISHES OF CALIFORNIA Updated July 2016 Blue Rockfish - SMYS Sebastes mystinus 2-4 bands around front of head; blue to black body, dark fins; anal fin slanted Size: 8-18in; Depth: 0-200’+ Common from Baja north to Canada North of Conception mixes with mostly with Olive and Black R.F.; South with Blacksmith, Kelp Bass, Halfmoons and Olives. Black Rockfish - SMEL Sebastes melanops Blue to blue-back with black dots on their dorsal fins; anal fin rounded Size: 8-18 in; Depth: 8-1200’ Common north of Point Conception Smaller eyes and a bit more oval than Blues Olive/Yellowtail Rockfish – OYT Sebastes serranoides/ flavidus Several pale spots below dorsal fins; fins greenish brown to yellow fins Size: 10-20in; Depth: 10-400’+ Midwater fish common south of Point Conception to Baja; rare north of Conception Yellowtail R.F. is a similar species are rare south of Conception, while being common north Black & Yellow Rockfish - SCHR Sebastes chrysomelas Yellow blotches of black/olive brown body;Yellow membrane between third and fourth dorsal fin spines Size: 6-12in; Depth: 0-150’ Common central to southern California Inhabits rocky areas/crevices Gopher Rockfish - SCAR Sebastes carnatus Several small white blotches on back; Pale blotch extends from dorsal spine onto back Size: 6-12 in; Depth: 8-180’ Common central California Inhabits rocky areas/crevice. Territorial Copper Rockfish - SCAU Sebastes caurinus Wide, light stripe runs along rear half on lateral line Size:: 10-16in; Depth: 10-600’ Inhabits rocky reefs, kelpbeds,
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of the Fishes of the Monterey Bay Area Including Elkhorn Slough, the San Lorenzo, Pajaro and Salinas Rivers
    f3/oC-4'( Contributions from the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories No. 26 Technical Publication 72-2 CASUC-MLML-TP-72-02 A CHECKLIST OF THE FISHES OF THE MONTEREY BAY AREA INCLUDING ELKHORN SLOUGH, THE SAN LORENZO, PAJARO AND SALINAS RIVERS by Gary E. Kukowski Sea Grant Research Assistant June 1972 LIBRARY Moss L8ndillg ,\:Jrine Laboratories r. O. Box 223 Moss Landing, Calif. 95039 This study was supported by National Sea Grant Program National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States Department of Commerce - Grant No. 2-35137 to Moss Landing Marine Laboratories of the California State University at Fresno, Hayward, Sacramento, San Francisco, and San Jose Dr. Robert E. Arnal, Coordinator , ·./ "':., - 'I." ~:. 1"-"'00 ~~ ~~ IAbm>~toriesi Technical Publication 72-2: A GI-lliGKL.TST OF THE FISHES OF TtlE MONTEREY my Jl.REA INCLUDING mmORH SLOUGH, THE SAN LCRENZO, PAY-ARO AND SALINAS RIVERS .. 1&let~: Page 14 - A1estria§.·~iligtro1ophua - Stone cockscomb - r-m Page 17 - J:,iparis'W10pus." Ribbon' snailt'ish - HE , ,~ ~Ei 31 - AlectrlQ~iu.e,ctro1OphUfi- 87-B9 . .', . ': ". .' Page 31 - Ceb1diehtlrrs rlolaCewi - 89 , Page 35 - Liparis t!01:f-.e - 89 .Qhange: Page 11 - FmWulns parvipin¢.rl, add: Probable misidentification Page 20 - .BathopWuBt.lemin&, change to: .Mhgghilu§. llemipg+ Page 54 - Ji\mdJ11ui~~ add: Probable. misidentifioation Page 60 - Item. number 67, authOr should be .Hubbs, Clark TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 AREA OF COVERAGE 1 METHODS OF LITERATURE SEARCH 2 EXPLANATION OF CHECKLIST 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 TABLE 1
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Paternity and Maintenance of Genetic Diversity in the Live-Bearing Rockfishes Sebastes Spp
    Vol. 357: 245–253, 2008 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 7 doi: 10.3354/meps07296 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Multiple paternity and maintenance of genetic diversity in the live-bearing rockfishes Sebastes spp. John R. Hyde1, 2,*, Carol Kimbrell2, Larry Robertson2, Kevin Clifford3, Eric Lynn2, Russell Vetter2 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0203, USA 2Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA/NMFS, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, California 92037, USA 3Oregon Coast Aquarium, 2820 SE Ferry Slip Rd, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA ABSTRACT: The understanding of mating systems is key to the proper management of exploited spe- cies, particularly highly fecund, r-selected fishes, which often show strong discrepancies between census and effective population sizes. The development of polymorphic genetic markers, such as codominant nuclear microsatellites, has made it possible to study the paternity of individuals within a brood, helping to elucidate the species’ mating system. In the present study, paternity analysis was performed on 35 broods, representing 17 species of the live-bearing scorpaenid genus Sebastes. We report on the finding of multiple paternity from several species of Sebastes and show that at least 3 sires can contribute paternity to a single brood. A phylogenetically and ecologically diverse sample of Sebastes species was examined, with multiple paternity found in 14 of the 35 broods and 10 of the 17 examined species, we suggest that this behavior is not a rare event within a single species and is likely common throughout the genus. Despite high variance in reproductive success, Sebastes spp., in general, show moderate to high levels of genetic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcofi Report Vol 48, 2007
    Frontmatter final.qxd 11/17/07 2:30 PM Page 2 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Reports VOLUME 48 January 1 to December 31, 2007 Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Frontmatter final.qxd 11/17/07 2:30 PM Page 3 CALCOFI COORDINATOR John Heine EDITOR Sarah M. Shoffler This report is not copyrighted, except where otherwise indicated, and may be reproduced in other publications provided credit is given to California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations and to the author(s). Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to CalCOFI Coordinator, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92038-0218. EDITORIAL BOARD John Heine Robert Lea Laura Rogers-Bennett Printed and distributed December 2007, La Jolla, California ISSN 0575-3317 3-4 Contents.qxd 11/16/07 1:07 PM Page 1 CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 48, 2007 CONTENTS I. Reports, Review, and Publications Report of the CalCOFI Committee . 5 Review of Some California fisheries for 2006 Coastal Pelagic Finfish, Market Squid, Dungeness Crab, Spot Prawn, Highly Migratory Species, Ocean Salmon, California Halibut, Nearshore Live-Fishes, Cabezon, Surfperches, and Leopard Shark . 10 The State of the California Current, 2006-2007: Regional and Local Processes Dominate Ralf Goericke, Elizabeth Venrick, Tony Koslow, William J. Sydeman, Franklin B. Schwing, Steven J. Bograd, William T. Peterson, Robert Emmett, J. Rubén Lara Lara, Gilberto Gaxiola Castro, José Gómez Valdez, K. David Hyrenbach, Russel W. Bradley, Michael J. Weise, James T. Harvey, Curtis Collins, and Nancy C. H.
    [Show full text]