Prosa Der Wiener Moderne: Arthur Schnitzler Und Stefan Zweig Frank

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Prosa Der Wiener Moderne: Arthur Schnitzler Und Stefan Zweig Frank LITERATURWISSENSCHAFT Prosa der Wiener Moderne: Arthur Schnitzler und Stefan Zweig Katarína Zechelová Zechelová Prosa der Wiener Moderne: Arthur ProsaZechelová Wiener der Schnitzler und Stefan Zweig Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Katarína Zechelová Prosa der Wiener Moderne: Arthur Schnitzler und Stefan Zweig Literaturwissenschaft, Band 66 Katarína Zechelová Prosa der Wiener Moderne: Arthur Schnitzler und Stefan Zweig Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Umschlagabbildung: Wien 1, Herrengasse 14ff., Blick gegen die Stirnfront des „Café Central“. Ledermann, Postkartenverlag, um 1900. ÖNB/Wien. ISBN 978-3-7329-0299-6 ISBN (E-Book) 978-3-7329-9647-6 ISSN 1860-1952 © Frank & Timme GmbH Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Berlin 2017. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Das Werk einschließlich aller Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechts- gesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Herstellung durch Frank & Timme GmbH, Wittelsbacherstraße 27a, 10707 Berlin. Printed in Germany. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier. www.frank-timme.de Inhalt Vorwort ................................................................................................................. 7 Einleitung .............................................................................................................. 9 1. Methodologische Ausgangspunkte ............................................................... 17 2. Das Geheimnis und seine Formen in der Prosa der Wiener Moderne .......... 27 2.1. Das Geheimnis in den Prosawerken von Arthur Schnitzler ................. 34 2.2. Das Geheimnis in den Prosawerken von Stefan Zweig ........................ 44 2.3. Vergleich und Zusammenfassung ......................................................... 50 3. Introspektion als Ausdruck der Einsamkeit .................................................. 55 3.1. Die Einsamkeit in den Prosawerken von Arthur Schnitzler ................. 59 3.2. Die Einsamkeit in den Prosawerken von Stefan Zweig ....................... 73 3.3. Vergleich und Zusammenfassung ......................................................... 80 4. Erinnerung, Gedächtnis und der Prozess des Erinnerns als Abbildungen der Einstellung zur Vergangenheit ............................................................... 85 4.1. Erinnerung, Gedächtnis und der Prozess des Erinnerns in den Prosawerken von Arthur Schnitzler ...................................................... 92 4.2. Erinnerung, Gedächtnis und der Prozess des Erinnerns in den Prosawerken von Stefan Zweig .......................................................... 104 4.3. Vergleich und Zusammenfassung ....................................................... 110 5. Wirklichkeits- und Weltwahrnehmung als Spiegelungen der Autorenpoetik .............................................................................................. 113 5.1. Existenz in einer festen Wirklichkeit und Existenz „als ob“ .............. 120 5.2. Das Fremde als Weg zur (Selbst-)Reflexion ...................................... 129 5.3. Zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne (?) ........................................... 141 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 161 Bibliographie ..................................................................................................... 167 Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur 5 Vorwort Das Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit – die Wiener Moderne – mag für manche vielleicht schon erschöpfend behandelt sein und Autoren wie Arthur Schnitzler und Stefan Zweig unvergleichbar. Die Literaturwissenschaft und Literaturanaly- se wären aber nur halb so interessant und spannend, wenn dies tatsächlich so wäre und wenn sie nicht immer wieder dazu fähig wären, eine neue, weitere, andere Perspektive aufzunehmen. Literarische Texte an sich stellen eine unend- liche Quelle und einen unschätzbaren Schatz der Menschenkultur dar. Arthur Schnitzler und Stefan Zweig waren zwei hervorragende österreichische Autoren. Bei Arthur Schnitzler kann man die Mehrdeutigkeit und Fantasie sei- ner Erzählungen und Novellen genießen, weswegen er für viele Literaturwissen- schaftler interpretatorisch interessanter als Stefan Zweig ist. Bei ihm verdecken sein spannendes Leben und sein spannender Tod oft sein Schaffen, das aber nicht weniger interessant ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden beide Autoren und ihre Prosawerke mittels zahlreicher und schöpferischer Mittel der Komparatistik miteinander verglichen, und zwar nicht nur, um das Unterschiedliche und Gemeinsame zu betonen, son- dern auch, um die Interpretation und Analyse ihres Schaffens zu vertiefen und gründlicher darzustellen. Dies ist dadurch möglich, dass sich die Komparation auf die Methode der Kontextualisierung von literarischen Texten stützt. Die vor- liegende Arbeit bringt in diesem Zusammenhang theoretische und methodologi- sche Ausgangspunkte slowakischer Literaturwissenschaftler und Komparatisten mit der österreichischen Literatur in Verbindung, was eine weitere Quelle und Möglichkeit der Komparatistik ist. Die Dissertation entstand in Jahren 2011 bis 2015 und wurde ursprünglich als Abschlussarbeit am Institut für Weltliteratur der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften für den slowakischen Kontext geschrieben, in dem die gegenwärtige heimische Literaturforschung, was die beiden Autoren sowie die Epoche der Wiener Moderne angeht, weniger umfang- reich ist als z. B. im deutschsprachigen Raum. Die Untersuchung sollte also ur- sprünglich das Thema für die slowakische Literaturforschung aktualisieren. Die Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur 7 deutsche Ausgabe der Studie soll wiederum die slowakische Perspektive in die- sem Bereich vermitteln. Dafür, dass ich die Welt der Literatur, der Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Komparatistik entdecken konnte, danke ich aus ganzem Herzen meiner Betreue- rin, Frau Prof. PhDr. Mária Bátorová, DrSc., deren Geduld und vor allem deren Anregungen mein Doktorstudium begleitet und bei der Erstellung der Arbeit geholfen haben. Weiter danke ich dem Verlag Frank & Timme für die Gelegen- heit, meine Dissertation herauszugeben, und meiner Familie und meinen Freun- den für die liebevolle Unterstützung. 8 © Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Einleitung Der Begriff Wiener Moderne umfasst die Veränderungen, Tendenzen, Ziele, Orientierungen, Entdeckungen, Krisen, neuen Stimmungen und Ansichten, die in den Künsten zu Zeiten der Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert aufkamen. Die Formen und der Wandel dieses gewaltigen Prozesses wurden von kleineren oder auch größeren Einflüssen aus der politischen, gesellschaftlichen, philoso- phischen, sozialen und kulturellen Sphäre begleitet. Das Ergebnis dieses wech- selhaften Gemenges war die Geburt einer äußerst empfindlichen und schöpferi- schen Generation, in der jeder Autor und Künstler auf eigene Art den Schaffensprozess zu bewältigen versuchte, wie Hermann Bahr in seinem Essay Die Décadence (1891) beschreibt: „Sie sind keine Schule, sie folgen keinem gemeinsamen Gesetz; sie schließen sich nicht zu- sammen und vertragen sich nicht, jeder hat seine eigene Weise, von welcher der andere nichts wissen will. Sie sind nur eine Generation. Das Neue an dieser Generation macht die Déca- dence aus. Es erscheint an jedem in einer besonderen Form, aber von der alten wird es immer gleich seltsam und unheimlich empfunden.“1 Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Transformation der Poetik in der Prosa der Wiener Moderne zu untersuchen, wobei das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Analyse der Kompositions- und Erzählweise sowie auf die unterschiedli- chen Ausdrucksmittel der Prosawerke von Arthur Schnitzler (15.05.1862– 21.10.1931) und Stefan Zweig (28.11.1891–23.02.1942) und deren nachfolgen- de Vergleiche gelegt wird. Die Auswahl gerade dieser beiden Autoren wurde einerseits durch ihren Altersunterschied motiviert, der als ein Faktor zur De- monstration von deutlichen Abweichungen in der Poetik dienen soll. In der Se- kundärliteratur wird Arthur Schnitzler üblicherweise als Mitglied der Gründer- generation der Epoche der Wiener Moderne angegeben.2 Stefan Zweig ist ein Repräsentant der jüngeren Generation von Autoren, die zu dieser Epoche zäh- 1 Zit. nach: Wunberg (Hg.) 1981: 225. 2 Schnitzler gehörte zum engem Kreis der Gesellschaft, die sich am Stammtisch von Her- mann Bahr regelmäßig im Café Griensteidl traf. Mehr siehe unter: ebd.: 18; Lorenz 1998: 25. Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur 9 len.3 In der Arbeit wird die Auswahl von analysierten Prosawerken auf den Zeit- raum 1901–1931 begrenzt, der die Schnittmenge der Schaffensperioden beider Autoren darstellt. 1901 erschienen die erste Buchausgabe der Novelle Leutnant Gustl4 von Arthur Schnitzler und die erste Ausgabe der Sammlung Silberne Sai- ten von Stefan Zweig. 1931 ist das Todesjahr von Arthur Schnitzler, weshalb in der Arbeit die Werke von Stefan Zweig, die diese Zeitgrenze überschreiten, au- ßer Acht gelassen werden.5 Da als Ziel der Arbeit eine Demonstration der Po- etiktransformation in der Prosa der Wiener Moderne definiert wurde, berück- sichtigt die Werkauswahl bei beiden Autoren nur diesen Teil ihres Schaffens. In den Mittelpunkt werden dabei die kürzeren Prosaformen gelegt – Erzählungen und Novellen. Beide Autoren
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