DOCSLIB.ORG

Indian CDM: Subsidizing and Legitimizing Corporate Pollution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indian CDM: Subsidizing and Legitimizing Corporate Pollution Indian CDM: subsidizing and legitimizing corporate pollution DR.HADIDA YASMIN NESPON, Siliguri (WB) This is today's scenario This is what we are doing We are going to loose many more like these This will happen frequently We are going to face this Himalayan glaciers in the Bhutan-Himalaya range This once we had retreating Himalayan glaciers in the Bhutan-Himalaya range are retreating and leaving glacial lakes in their stead. Satellite image from the Earth Imaging Instrument ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer). © NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, J. Kargel and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. ttp://visibleearth.nasa.gov/ This is what we have now Snow and ice on Mount Kilimanjaro in 1993, and in 2002. The ice cap on the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro has dwindled down by 82% over the past century. Mangroves act as natural buffers against tropical cyclones and also as filtration systems for estuarine and fresh water.They also serve as nurseries for many marine invertebrate species and fish. Predicted climate change scenario- destruction of 75% of mangroves in the Sundarbans. The delta of the Ganges River covered with the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans. Kyoto Protocol The UN Conference of Parties held in Kyoto in 1997 adopted the Kyoto Protocol as the first step towards addressing climate change. General commitments are: . They must prepare and regularly update national change mitigation and adaptation programmes, . Must promote development, application and transfer of climate-friendly technologies and practices . Make preparations to adapt to climate change, participate in climate change mitigation programmes, & promote education, training & public awareness relating to climate change. the Kyoto Protocol broke new ground by defining three innovative ‘flexibility mechanisms’ . · Joint Implementation (JI) · Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and · EmissionsTrading (ET) OBJECTIVES OF a CDM PROJECT (according to UNFCCC) Social well being: alleviation of poverty by generating additional employment, removal of social disparities and contribution to provision of basic amenities to people leading to improvement in quality of life of people. Economic well being: additional investment consistent with the needs of the people. Environmental well being: bio-diversity friendliness; impact on human health; reduction of levels of pollution in general Technological well being: to transfer of environmentally safe and sound technologies ARE THESE OBJECTIVES EVER BEEN MET !!!!!!!!!!!!!! NO, MOSTLY NOT CDM PICTURE- WORLD SCENARIO (As on 28th October, 2009) . 4673 CDM projects from the entire WORLD . 1834 projects have been REGISTERED with UNFCCC . A surprisingly large number of CDM Projects are going on worldwide, and more than hundreds of new projects are being added to the list each month. No. of CDM Projects- WORLD SCENARIO 4673 Coal bed/Mine methane Biomass Energy 1841 Efficiency Fossil fuel 1181 5000 HFC 4500 357 157 4000 Hydro 529 3500 Landfill gas 3000 786 43 2500 277 Reforestation 1264 2000 22 Wind 1500 110 1000 707 Methane 500 661 Total 0 67 Brazil China India Mexico World (Total) Landfill projects- 1264 Wind- 786 Energy efficiency- 707 Biomass- 661 WORLD SCENARIO 8000000 7463271 2012 Kt CO2 2020 Kt CO2 kCER issued 7000000 6000000 5000000 4328163 4000000 2785819 3000000 2000000 1539262 1064970 1000000 429641 401654 145858 246039 333069 175722 153234 71688 34592 63228 5843 104949 44386 0 Brazil China India Mexico South Korea World (Total) Taken together, all these 4673 projects - reduce 2785819 and 7463271 thousand tons of CO2 by the end of 2012 and 2020 (provided UNFCC registers them all). Among the registered projects 333069 kCERs has been ISSUED from the entire world. WORLD SCENARIO 3000000 2012 Kt CO2 2785819 kCER issued 2500000 2000000 1539262 1500000 1000000 429641 500000 333069 175722 153234 104949 71688 63228 44386 34592 5843 0 Brazil China India Mexico South Korea World (Total) China earn maximum CERs by the end of 2012, reducing 1539262 thousand tons of CO2 from 1841 projects, 44.75 % of all claimed reduction from the entire world . India stands second with a total of 1181 projects, and claims to reduce 1064970 kCO2 at the end of the year 2020. 2000 1834 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 636 566 600 456 400 203 164 144 200 92 118 20 33 7 0 Brazil China India Mexico South Korea World (Total) No. of Registered projects No. of Projects issued kCER INDIA BY 22ND CENTURY, INDIA WILL BE LASHED BY UP TO 30 PER CENT MORE MONSOON RAINS. THE SOUTHERN COASTLINE WILL BE EXTREMELY VULNERABLE TO EXTREME SEA-LEVEL CHANGES. CHANGE IN CARBON STOCKS IN SOIL OF INDIA DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE The harvest of rain-fed crops will see a decline and temperatures will go up by about four degrees Celsius. Will affect CROPS and PRODUCTIVITY Species-specific implications of extreme temperatures and loss of biodiversity CDM projects – status wise No. of CDM projects - INDIA 1188 Total projects Issued CERs 203 Registered 456 Request Registration 33 At validation 699 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2012 k CERs from CDM projects- INDIA Total projects 429641 Issued CERs 71688 Registered 233329 Request Registration 13572 At validation 182740 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 2012 kCERs in INDIA sector wise Transport, 881 Afforestation, Biomass 44 Solar, 466 Wind, 57938 energy, Reforestation, 61696 PFCs379 and SF6, 1616 Cement, 14386 N2O, 6829 Methane avoidance, 8840 Landfill gas, 6490 Energy Hydro, 49503 Efficiency , 93260 HFCs, 78288 Fugitive , 805 Fossil fuel switch, 44802 No. of CDM projects in INDIA Sector wise Afforestation 1, 0.08% Wind 320, 26.94% Biomass energy 297, 25.00% Transport 7, 0.59% Solar 5, 0.42% Cement Reforestation 15, 1.26% 7, 0.59% HFCs 8, 0.67% Energy N2O Efficiency 6, 0.51% 293, 24.66% Methane avoidance Hydro 42, 3.54% 130, 10.94% Fossil fuel switch 31, 2.61% Landfill gas HFCs Fugitive 21, 1.77% 8, 0.67% 4, 0.34% State wise CDM projects from INDIA Bihar, 6 Orissa, 47 Maharashtra , 193 Goa, 4 Assam, 6 Delhi, 7 UP, 82 Jharkhand, 12 Haryana, 19 MP, 37 Chhattisgarh, 65 Punjab, 37 Rajasthan, 64 HP, 42 J & K, 4 Kerala, 15 Uttarakhand, 20 AP, 1 Meghalaya, 1 WB, 42 Gujarat, 138 Andhra, 88 Tamil Nadu, 177 Sikkim, 3 Karnataka, 169 Sector wise kCERs issued from INDIA Methane Wind, 6217, Biomass, 5674, avoidance, 526, Cement, 8.68% 7.92% 0.73% 1203, 1.68% Energy Sector, Hydro, 1552, 9537, 13.31% 2.17% Fossil Fuel, 1190, 1.66% HFC, 45757, 63.86% State wise kCERs issued from INDIA Chattisgarh, 989, 1.39% WB/ 764 AP/ 3340 Delhi/ 3 1.07% 4.69% Bihar, 137, 0.19% 0.00% UP/ 480 Goa/ 43 0.67% 0.06% TN/ 6527 9.16% Gujarat, 30426, 42.68% Rajasthan, 16430, 23.05% Punjab, 983, 1.38% HP/ 220 Orissa, 280, 0.39% 0.31% Maharastra, 1564, 2.19% MP/ 74 Karnataka, 9029, 0.10% 12.67% COPORATE PRESENCE IN DIFFERENT CDM SECTORS IN INDIA . Clean Development Mechanism has come as a boon for Indian Companies, literally ‘making money from thin air’. All big names in the corporate kingdom have jumped into the fray, Reliance, Tatas, Birlas, Ambujas, ITC — disproving earlier apprehensions that market uncertainty and complex procedural nature of CDM would put off big companies . Corporate presence in the Indian CDM becomes more PERVASIVE and VISIBLE each day , both in terms of MARKET SHARE and NUMBER of projects. kCERs issued by different Owners of CDM projects M/s Matrix , 131, 0.18% PSU 1.5% MHPL, 294, 0.41% small private sectors, 10685, Chemplast 14.90% Malwa Power , 128, 0.18% Clarion, 172, Sanmar, GFL, 23768, 0.24% 1073, 1.50% 33.15% TASMA, 3677, 5.13% RSCL, 254, 0.35% NSL, 393, 0.55% K.M.Power (P) Limited, 133, 0.19% Usha Martin, 137, 0.19% Matrix power, 131, 0.18% MSPL, 268, 0.37% NFIL, 5606, 7.82% Jindal, 6848, Ashok Leyland, 236, 0.33% 9.55% Orient cement’s , 308, 0.43% Aban Power, 434, 0.61% Aditya Birla, 254, 0.35% Usha Martin, 137, 0.19% SRF, 15309, Sun-n Sand hotel, 93, 0.13% 21.36% TATA motors, 195, 0.27% RSCL, 254, 0.35% Shree cement, 450, 0.63% More than 98% of CERs issued are from the corporate sector. Highest contributors are the HFC companies, GFL (33.15%), SRF Ltd. (21.36%), NFIL (7.82%) and Chemplast (1.5%). This accounts 63.86% (45757 kCERs) of the total kCERs issued from India. HFC-CDM Projects 2 big CDM projects by 1) SRF, Rajasthan and 2) GFL, Gujrat—both blue chip companies) Together collar more than 90 percent of Indian CDM Market, going by recorded sales and number of issued CER. Be’coz both projects are HFC-incineration projects, with little or no methodological problems, and with tremendous CER generation potential. Energy Efficiency projects Second highest contributor of issued CERs from the country, comprising 18.5 % of total kCER issued. Two big waste gas heat projects entitled, 1)“Generation of Electricity through combustion of waste gases from Blast furnace and Corex units at JPL unit 1 at Torangallu in Karnataka” and 2)“Use of waste gas use for electricity generation at JSW Energy Limited”, together contributed 6848 kCERs to the kCER issued . There are many others contributing CERs in this sector. Few among them are ITC (2.9%), Shri Bajrang Power and Ispat Ltd. (2.7%), TATA (1.7%), CESC Ltd. (1.7%) Aditya Birla (1.6), Reliance (1.4%) WIND- Fastest growing sector . The total kCERs issued from wind sector is 6217 kCERs (8.68%) till 28th Oct 2009. Enercon - maximum number - 18 in number. This company has issued 349 kCERs from its two registered projects. Tamil Nadu Spinning Mills Association (TASMA) alone from its one project entitled, “Bundled Wind power project in Tamilnadu, India co-ordinated by the TamilNadu Spinning Mills Association (TASMA)”, has issued 3677 kCERs, contributing 5.13% to the total CER issued from this sector.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Gyandoot Experiment in Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh, India
    Overseas Development Institute OPTIONS Information Communication Technologies and Governance: LIVELIHOOD The Gyandoot Experiment in Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh, India Anwar Jafri, Amitabh Dongre, V.N. Tripathi, Aparajita Aggrawal and Shashi Shrivastava ISBN 0 85003 574 0 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7JD UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7922 0300 Working Paper 160 Fax: +44 (0)20 7922 0399 Results of ODI research presented in preliminary Email: [email protected] form for discussion and critical comment Website: www.odi.org.uk Working Paper 160 Information Communication Technologies and Governance: The Gyandoot Experiment in Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh, India Anwar Jafri, Amitabh Dongre, V.N. Tripathi, Aparajita Aggrawal and Shashi Shrivastava April 2002 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7JD UK ISBN 0 85003 574 0 © Overseas Development Institute 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Contents Abbreviations and acronyms vi Local terminologies vi Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction to the Gyandoot Project 1 2. Framework of the Study 4 2.1 Rationale 4 2.2 Study objectives 4 2.3 Project profile 5 2.4 Profile of the study area 5 2.5 Limitations of the study 6 2.6 Study framework 6 3. Methodology of the Study 7 3.1 Description of the stakeholders 7 3.2 Sampling design 7 3.3 Selection of the blocks 8 3.4 Selection of the Soochanalaya 8 3.5 Selection of villages 8 3.6 Selection of households 9 3.7 Data collection 9 3.8 Pilot study 10 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Soyabean - Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh
    Soyabean - Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh What is the issue? \n\n \n Malwa region is said to be India’s US Midwest, only because of soyabean. \n The significance of this crop in Malwa region and Madhya Pradesh, calls for addressing the current challenges to its production. \n \n\n How did Soyabean take root in India? \n\n \n Soyabean in India has an American connection. The leguminous oilseed was hardly grown here till the mid-sixties. \n The first yellow-seeded soyabean varieties were introduced by University of Illinois scientists. \n They conducted field trials at the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (JNKVV) in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. \n Many of these varieties - Bragg, Improved Pelican, Clark 63, Lee and Hardee - were released for direct cultivation. \n By 1975-76, the all-India area under soyabean had touched around 90,000 hectares. \n But a revolution in soyabean production took place only after that and in Malwa. \n Here, soyabean’s relevance, even vis-à-vis shaping electoral outcomes, is comparable to that of sugarcane in western UP. \n \n\n How has Malwa plateau traditionally been? \n\n \n Malwa plateau region of western MP covers the districts of Dewas, Indore, Dhar, Ujjain, Jhabua, Ratlam, Mandasur, Neemuch, Shajapur and Rajgarh. \n Traditionally, the region grew only a single un-irrigated crop of wheat or chana (chickpea) during the rabi winter season. \n Farmers mostly kept their lands fallow during the kharif monsoon season. \n The reason was the monsoon’s unpredictability, as even if the rains arrived on time, it could be followed by long dry spells.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Political Economy of Opium Smuggling in Early Nineteenth Century India: Leakage Or Resistance? Claude Markovits Introduct
    THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF OPIUM SMUGGLING IN EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY INDIA: LEAKAGE OR RESISTANCE? CLAUDE MARKOVITS INTRODUCTION 1. The link between narcotics, imperialism and capitalism has long attracted the attention of scholars. a. Recently, Carl Trocki has reiterated the classical Marxist position, dating back to Karl Marx himself, on the incestuous relationship between drugs and empire, while recognizing that the opium trade also nurtured certain forms of indigenous capitalism in Asia. While he has focused on the global Asian opium scene, including India, China and Southeast Asia, other scholars have given more attention to the Indian context of the trade. b. Amar Farooqi, in a book which is probably the most detailed history of the opium trade as seen from India, has stressed the contribution of the 'illegal' trade in Malwa opium to capital accumulation in Western India between 1800 and 1830. c. John Richards, more than 20 years after his pathbreaking essay on peasant production of opium has returned to the topic with a wide-ranging survey of the contribution of the drug to the finances of British India. d. In this essay, Claude Markovitzproposes to revisit the history of the Malwa opium trade with a view todiscuss both i. its general impact on capital accumulation in early 19thcentury western India and its link with imperial expansion. ii. He focuses more specifically on the case of Sindh, a largely neglected region of the subcontinent, whose transformation into the main smuggling route for the drug after 1819, and according to Markoviz, was one of the factors that led to its integration into the British Indian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Dewas District Madhya Pradesh
    DEWAS DISTRICT MADHYA PRADESH Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board North Central Region BHOPAL 2013 DISTRICT PROFILE - DEWAS DISTRICT S.No. ITEMS Statistics 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical area (sq. km) 7020.84 ii) Administrative Divisions (As on 2011 ) Number of Tehsil 6 Number of Blocks 6 Number of Panchayats 497 Number of Villages 1127 iii)Population (Census 2011) 289438 iv)Normal Rainfall (mm) 1083 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY i) Major Physiographic Units 1.Dewas Plateau 2. Kali Sindh Basin 3. Vindhyan Range 4. Middle Narmada Valley Kshipra sub-basin Kali Sindh sub-basin ii) Major Drainage Chotti Kali Sindh sub-basin Kanhar sub-basin Khari sub-basin Datuni sub-basin Jamner sub-basin Narmada direct catchment 3. LAND USE (ha) i) Forest area: 206600 ii) Net area sown: 388400 iii) Cultivable area: 624500 4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES Black cotton , Sandy loam, Clayey loam,, Murram 5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (2009) Wheat, Soyabean, Groundnut, Cotton, etc 6. IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES No of Area (ha) Structures Dug wells 36531 65900 Tube wells/Bore wells 23119 93100 Tanks/Ponds 169 4760 Canals 15 6760 Other Sources - 11044 Net Irrigated Area - 193640 7. NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31.3.2013) No. of Dug Wells 16 No. of Piezometers 11 8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL Deccan trap lava flows FORMATIONS 9 HYDROGEOLOGY Major Water Bearing Formation Weathered/Fractured (Pre-monsoon depth to water level during Basalt 2012) 2.90 – 24.47 mbgl (Post-monsoon depth to water level during 0.06 – 15.19 mbgl 2012) Long Term water level trend in 10 years (2003- 0.007 to 2.74 m (Rise) 2012) in m/yr 0.109 to 0.27 m (Fall) 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Geography of the Punjab
    19 Gosal: Physical Geography of Punjab Physical Geography of the Punjab G. S. Gosal Formerly Professor of Geography, Punjab University, Chandigarh ________________________________________________________________ Located in the northwestern part of the Indian sub-continent, the Punjab served as a bridge between the east, the middle east, and central Asia assigning it considerable regional importance. The region is enclosed between the Himalayas in the north and the Rajputana desert in the south, and its rich alluvial plain is composed of silt deposited by the rivers - Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chanab and Jhelam. The paper provides a detailed description of Punjab’s physical landscape and its general climatic conditions which created its history and culture and made it the bread basket of the subcontinent. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction Herodotus, an ancient Greek scholar, who lived from 484 BCE to 425 BCE, was often referred to as the ‘father of history’, the ‘father of ethnography’, and a great scholar of geography of his time. Some 2500 years ago he made a classic statement: ‘All history should be studied geographically, and all geography historically’. In this statement Herodotus was essentially emphasizing the inseparability of time and space, and a close relationship between history and geography. After all, historical events do not take place in the air, their base is always the earth. For a proper understanding of history, therefore, the base, that is the earth, must be known closely. The physical earth and the man living on it in their full, multi-dimensional relationships constitute the reality of the earth. There is no doubt that human ingenuity, innovations, technological capabilities, and aspirations are very potent factors in shaping and reshaping places and regions, as also in giving rise to new events, but the physical environmental base has its own role to play.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Industrial Profile of Dhar District Madhya Pradesh
    1 Government of India Ministry of MSME Brief Industrial Profile of Dhar District Madhya Pradesh Carried out by MSME-Development Institute, Indore (Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India,) Phone 0731-2421659/037 Fax: 0731-2421540/723 e-mail: [email protected] Web- www.msmeindore.nic.in 2 CONTENTS S. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. General Characteristics of the District 3 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 3 1.2 Topography 4 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 4 1.4 Forest 4 1.5 Administrative set up 4 2. District at a glance 5 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Area in the District Dhar 7 3. Industrial Scenario Of Dhar 7 3.1 Industry at a Glance 7 3.2 Year Wise Trend Of Units Registered 8 3.3 Details Of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises & Artisan Units 9 In The District 3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings 9 3.5 Major Exportable Item 11 3.6 Growth Trend 11 3.7 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry 11 3.8 Medium Scale Enterprises 11 3.8.1 List of the units in Dhar & near by Area 11 3.8.2 Major Exportable Item 14 3.9 Service Enterprises 14 3.9.2 Potentials areas for service industry 14 3.10 Potential for new MSMEs 14 4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise 14 4.1 Detail Of Major Clusters 15 5. General issues raised by industry association during the course of 16 meeting 6 Steps to set up MSMEs 17 3 Brief Industrial Profile of Dhar District 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plateau and the Desert Region
    The Plateau and the Desert Region Question Answers Q1.Why are the rivers of the Deccan Plateau not perennial? Ans: The rivers of the Deccan Plateau are rain fed.The water in the rivers is full in rainy season and they dry up in summer season. So these rivers are not perennial rivers. Q2. Why do many rivers of the plateau region flow from west towards east? Ans: Many rivers of the plateau region flow from west towards east because the plateau is higher in the west and slopes towards the east. The Deccan Plateau Q4.From which word has the term ‘Deccan ‘ come? Ans: The term ‘Deccan’ come from the Sanskrit word ‘dakshin’ which means south. Q6. Which is the highest water falls in India? Ans:The Jog Falls on the Sharavathi river in Karnataka is the highest water falls in India. Parts of the Central Highlands Q3. Name the two parts of the Central Highlands? Ans: The two parts of the Central Highlands are the Malwa Plateau and the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Q4. Name the important minerals found in the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Ans: The important minerals found in the Chota Nagpur Plateau are coal, iron ore manganese , copper, mica. ASSIGNMENT Fill in the blanks 1.The river Narmada divides the Southern Plateau into the ___________ and the ___________ 2.The Deccan Plateau is ____________in shape. 3. Cotton grows well in ____________soil. 4. The Jog Falls is on the river ___________. 5. The __________ river is also known as Ganga of the south. 6.The Chota Nagpur Plateau has rich deposits of ___________.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Horticulture & Food Processing
    Department of Horticulture & Food Processing 1 Orange District Area Prodn. (Ha) (MT) 37,000 6,66,000 AGAR MALWA 23,638 4,72, 760 CHHINDWARA SHAJAPUR 12,656 2,84,760 RAJGARH 17,226 2,44,609 MANDSAUR 11,998 1,19,980 Other 18594 315529 Districts Total 1,21,112 21,03,638 ► India ranks 3rd, contributing 10% to the world’s total. ► Madhya Pradesh having 2nd largest area under cultivation. ► Varieties Grown - Nagpur Mandarin, Kinnow, Coorg Mandarin, Mosambi Sources: Department of Horticulture and Food Processing, MP 2017-18 Final Estimate # Department of Horticulture & Food Processing, MP (Area in Hectare, Production in MT) Mango Area District Prodn. (MT) (Ha) BETUL 4,943 1,23,575 ANUPPUR 2,448 44,064 KATNI 2,900 42,940 BALAGHAT 2,434 41,842 ALIRAJPUR 3,195 41,056 Other 29599 361308 Districts MP Total 45,519 6,54,785 ► India is the world leader with 40% share of total production Sources: Department of Horticulture and Food Processing, MP 2017-18 Final Estimate # Department of Horticulture & Food Processing, MP (Area in Hectare, Production in MT) Guava Area Prodn. District (Ha) (MT) KHARGONE 2,287 57,175 SEHORE 1,350 43,200 REWA 2,912 33,488 VIDISHA 1,540 30,929 KATNI 827 28,813 Other Districts 26163 493092 M.P. Total 35,079 6,86,697 ► India Ranks 1st in the world in Guava Production. ► M.P. ranks 2nd after Bihar. Sources: Department of Horticulture and Food Processing, MP 2017-18 Final Estimate # Department of Horticulture & Food Processing, MP (Area in Hectare, Production in MT) Banana Area Prodn.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Soybean (Glycine Max) Under Raised Bed Planting in Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(3): 3181-3186 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 3 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.364 Performance of Soybean (Glycine max) under Raised Bed Planting in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, India S. S. Dhakad1*, Vijay Agrawal2, K.S. Kirar3, S.S. Chauhan3 and Sanjeev Verma4 1RVSKVV Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shajapur (MP), India 2Directorate of Horticulture and food processsing, Bhopal (MP), India 3RVSKVV Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhar (MP), India 4JNKVV Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Betul (MP), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT On-Farm Testing (OFT) were conducted during the two consecutive years 2014-15 and 2015-16 at farmer’s field in Shajapur district of Madhya K e yw or ds Pradesh to assess the effect of raised bed planting on the growth characters, Soybean, raised yield and economic parameters of soybean crop. The field trials were bed, growth conducted during kharif season 2014 to 2015 for soybean crop to assess character, yield furrow irrigated raised bed (FIRB) seed cum fertilizer drill. Furrow Article Info irrigated raised bed (FIRB) seed cum fertilizer drill was found better in Accepted: term of growth characters and yield of soybean in comparison with 25 February 2020 conventional seed drill. The net return is the best index of profitability of Available Online: soybean crop and higher net return per ha Rs 34533 was recorded for 10 March 2020 soybean crop under raised bed planting where as lower net return per ha of Rs 18971 was recorded for soybean crop under control.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Geography of the Jats of the Upper Doab, India. Anath Bandhu Mukerji Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1960 Cultural Geography of the Jats of the Upper Doab, India. Anath Bandhu Mukerji Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Mukerji, Anath Bandhu, "Cultural Geography of the Jats of the Upper Doab, India." (1960). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 598. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/598 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE JATS OF THE UPPER DQAB, INDIA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Anath Bandhu Muker ji B.A. Allahabad University, 1949 M.A. Allahabad University, 1951 June, I960 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Individual acknowledgement to many persons who have, di­ rectly or indirectly, helped the writer in India and in United States is not possible; although the writer sincerely desires to make it. The idea of a human geography of the Jats as proposed by the writer was strongly supported at the very beginning by Dr. G. R. Gayre, formerly Professor of Anthropo-Geography at the University of Saugor, M. P. , India. In the preparation of the preliminary syn­ opsis and initial thinking on the subject able guidance was constantly given by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Chota Nagpur
    hropolo nt gy A Gautam, Anthropol 2017, 5:2 Anthropology DOI: 10.4172/2332-0915.1000180 ISSN: 2332-0915 Research Article Article Open Access Chota Nagpur - An Untold History: A Socio-Historical Analysis Ambrish Gautam* Centre for Sociological Studies, School of Social Science and Policy, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India Abstract It is customary with historians to divide the history of a country into the historic and the pre historic periods. The historic period of India has been dated to be the seventh century B.C. by Dr. V. Smith, apparently rejecting the earlier events on the ground that no fixed dates can be assigned to them. On the same principle, the historical period of Chota Nagpur will be dated from the later part of the 16th century A.D., when in the 30th regnal year of Emperor Akbar’s reign, i.e., 1585 A.D. a detachment was sent to Chota Nagpur under Shahbaz Khan Kambu; while the excessively date-minded scholars would prefer to begin regular history of this plateau from the year 1765, when the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was conferred upon the East India Company. Indus Valley and Chotanagpur: Sir John Marshall, while dealing with the extent of the Indus civilization eastward does not seem to have taken into his consideration the pre-historic relics of Chota Nagpur, discovered between the years 1915 and 1920, and published in the Journal of the B and O Research Society by Rai Bahadur Roy. The late learned Director-General of Archaeology in India, however, admits that no effort has yet been made to trace the Indus valley civilization eastward.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Geography
    1 Indian Geography India is the largest country in the Indian subcontinent, deriving its name from the Sindhu river (which was known to the ancient Greeks as the ‘Indus’) which flows through the northwestern part of the country. The Indian mainland extends in the tropical and sub-tropical zones from latitudes 8° 4' and 37° 6' north and from longitudes 68° 7' and 97° 25' east. The southernmost point in Indian territory, the Indira point (formerly called Pygmalion point) is situated in the Nicobar Islands. The southern- most point was submerged underwater after the 2004 tsunami). The country thus wholly lies in the Northern and Eastern hemisphere. The northernmost point of India lies in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Area and Boundaries India stretches 3,214 km at its maximum from north to south and 2,933 km at its maximum from east to west. The total length of the mainland coastline is about 6,100 km and the land frontier measures about 15,200 km. The total length of the coastline including the islands is 7500 km. With an area of 32,87,782 sq km, India is the seventh-largest country in the world, constituting 2.4% of the world’s area. The country is shaped somewhat like a triangle with its base in the north (Himalayas) and a narrow apex in the south. South of the Tropic of Cancer, the Indian landmass tapers between the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west. The Indian Ocean lies south of the country, thus establishing the Indian subcontinent as a peninsula.
    [Show full text]