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*^ •• ^ :%* > ^V ?. m'^ '^^^i^i^ <^.j^^ c;^^^.^^^:^. presented to fi^ (lie jt2<'«' ^nmsiificli jAegimenf, Canadian ^ffiffery, Unifi iRe ccmpCimenfs of (/[.^^^ ^ J ^^'^^^ Captain John B. M. Baxtkr. Jil^TORICAL I^JECORD^ OF THE 1^- lEW MBl^^SinCix MEGIMEIT Q& IaIABIAI UlTILMEY. COMPILED BY Captain JOHN B. M. BAXTER, (A member of the N. B. Historical Society) AND PUBLISHED BY THE OFFICERS OF THE CORPS FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION. ST. JOHN, N. B. THE SUN PRINTING COMPANY, LIMITED. i8q6. Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year Eighteen Hundred and Ninety-six, by the New Brunswick Regiment, Canadian Artillery, at the Department of Agriculture. TO / IvIEUTKNANT-COLONEI> DE I.A CHEROIS T. IRWIN, (late JL A.) Assistant Adjutant-General for Artiller\\ This Volume IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR AS A RECOGNITION OF HIS EFFORTS IN PLACING BEFORE THE ARTILLERY OF CANADA THE HIGHEST STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE FOR THEIR IMITATION. PREFACE. In presenting his work for the consideration of the reader the author trusts that it will be considered rather as a compil- ation than as a history and judged accordingly with greater leniency. From imperfect records, during brief intervals of leisure, the material has been gathered, and so far as possible its accuracy has been ensured. There must, however, be many ' things in the life which all men live yet few men notice ' that have escaped both recollection and chronicle, and it is in the hope that the artilleryman of the next century who takes up the thread of the story may find it less difficult to trace, that the writer lays down his pen warmly thanking the many friends who have assisted him in the task which he accepted with all its difficulties underestimated. John B. M. Baxter. 5/. John, /v. B., February, i8g6. INDEX TO CORTEKTS. Chapter I 1793 ---.--.. I Chapter II - 1794-1S11 16 Chapter III - 1812-1815 - - - 24 Chapter IV 1816-1837 -------- 32 Chapter V 1838 45 - Chapter VI 1839 - - : - - - - 54 Chapter VII - 18401843 -------- 63 Chapter VIII - 1844-1859 -------- 72 Chapter IX 1859 - - - - - - - - ' 82 Chapter X i860 -------- 91 Chapter XI 1861 100 Chapter XII - 1862-1864 - 117 Chapter XIII - 1865-1868 - 129 Chapter XIV - 1869-1876 - 141 Chapter XV - 1877-1884 154 Chapter XVI - 1885-1893 -------- 169 THE SERGEANT-MAJOR AND NON- Chapter XVII - - - - COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 186 Chapter XVIII THE BAND. 191 Chapter XIX THE FORTIFICATIONS. 197 Chapter XX - 1893-1896—Cono#usion. 207 . CONTENTS. -A^DP DP E 3Sr IDICES Centennial Battery Rolls— 1893 - - - 225 Regimental Field and Staff Officers— 1838-1896 228 Officers' Service I;ists 234 The Colville company - . 234 Captain Nicholson's batterj' 236 B. Iv. Peters' 236 Ranney's 237 Mcl,auchlan's 237 Pick's, No. I, 238 Adams', No. 2, 240 Hurd Peters', No. 3 242 Kerr's, No. 4, 243 lyander's, No. 5, 245 Charlotte County Artillery 246 Westmoreland County Artillery - - . - 247 Fredericton, York County Artillery . .248 Captain Travis' battery 249 " Osburn's " 249 Woodstock (No. 5) 250 vSt. George (No. 6) 251 " Chatham (No. 7) 251 St. Stephen (No. 8) " 252 St. George (No. 9) 252 Index 253 §'§ Sf5 i t Historical i^ecords OF THE NeA?v^ Brtinsxvick: Regiment CANADIAN ARTIIvLKRY. CHAPTER 1. 1793- The Loyalists— War with France—Formation of the First Company— The Muster Roll—Preparations for Defence—Notes on the First Members. HE history of the New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery, if it were written after years of research, would be almost a history of the province whose name it bears. A single -company formed a hundred years ago, in a city that was then but a village, has become the regiment of today, and the city is now the commercial metropolis of New Brunswick. That company was founded at a time when the province had just been brought into existence by the efforts of a few men whose example of loyalty and devotion has been a watchword and rallying cry throughout the -succeeding years. On the eighteenth day of May, 1783, there had landed on the inhospitable shore at the mouth of the river Saint John about three thousand men, women and children, who had left the scenes of their childhood and the homes of their age rather than submit to a form of government in the principles of which they could not 2 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF THE concur. A few months later, in September of that year another band arrived numbering nearly two thousand souls, and thus passed into history a name that shall live through the ages —the Loyalists of 1783. So was founded the city of St. John, as the district of Parrtown was afterwards known, when it received a royal charter on the eighteenth day of May, 1785. In such a commun- ity the ranks of the pioneer artillery company were ten years later filled by men who had been in close touch with those mighty events which caused the poHtical division of this continent, and by others, who, coming from the mother country had cast in their lot with those who upheld in the new province the principles and institutions to which they were devotedly attached. The muster rolls of our artillery for the past century contain the names of men whose patriotism, ability and influence have been at the service of their country in whatever capacity she has required them. It is, therefore, of great moment to the present members of the corps that its record should be perpetuated during the coming years, in the hope that the illustrious example of the past may be followed in the present and the future. A history, like all things finite, must have a beginning, but in a work like this, it is somewhat difficult to fix the proper period for commencement. That the origin of the regiment can be traced to the Reign of Terror is a statement which seems at first sight to be more fanciful than exact, yet that series of events which shed such a lurid light upon the last decade of the eighteenth century, is really the cause of which our organ- ization today is the indirect result. While on the. 21st January, 1793, the infuriated populace of Paris was exulting over the death of Louis XVI, Colonel Bonaparte, the young Corsican officer, commanded the artillery of the republic at Toulon. Years afterwards a future commander of our regiment of artillery was — N. P.. (.ARKISON AK^I1,I.KK^. 3 an officer on the island station where the great emperor was imprisoned. The crash of the guillotine and the thunder of the guns at Toulon, roused the nations of Europe. War was declared by France against Great Britain, Holland, Spain, Austria atid Prussia, and counter declarations were made. In con- sequence of this the then Colonial Secretary, Mr. Henry DuNDAS, sent a letter dated at Whitehall, 9th February, 1793, to the lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia informing him that the persons exercising the supreme authority in France had declared war against the king of England on the first of that month that letters of marque or commissions of privateer would be granted in the usual manner and giving assurance to all owners of armed ships and vessels that his majesty would consider them as having a just claim to the king's share of all French ships and property of which they might make prize. A similar despatch was probably sent to the lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. x\t the same time a circular letter was sent to the lieutenant-governors of both provinces requiring them to raise provincial corps of six hundred men each, the subsistence and equipment of which was to be a charge upon the royal ex- chequer. On the 4th May, 1793, Governor (Brigadier-General) Thomas Carleton wrote to Major-General Clarke, then in command, stating that he had appointed Edward Winslow, Esq., Muster-master General of the late provincial forces, to muster and inspect the recruits for one of these corps, the King's N. B. Regiment. This regiment was entirely distinct from the militia which at the same time was being organized as rapidly as possible. The peace which followed the American rebellion, had left the provinces in a supine state with respect to military organi- zation and defences. An act providing for the enrolment of — HISTORICAL RECORDS OF THE the militia had been passed in 1787 but does not appear to have been acted upon. Another law, repealing the former, was enacted in 1792, and under this the enrolment of the militia began, while the regiment for service with troops of the line was also being rhustered. In those times the militia represented not alone the lads and young men of the community but in reality every able bodied man from sixteen to sixty years of age with the exception of a very few exempts. The feeling of dan- ger was immediate and personal and there was a commensurate sense of responsibility. Many of the citizens were men who had fought for their homes and lost everything in their struggle for king and conscience. Such men were the leaders of pub- lic opinion in our province, and under the stimulus of their example it is quite probable that the ranks were quickly and willingly filled. Under such circumstances and from such splen- did material, on the fourth day of May, 1793, there was en- rolled in the Loyal Company of Artillery of the city of Saint John the following patriotic men : John Colville, captain. Thomas Gilbert, ist lieutenant. John Ward, 2nd lieutenant. Oliver Bourdette, John Chubb, sergeants. Privates :- Alex. McPherson, Samuel Smiler, Stephen Potter, Timothy Perry, Arthur Dingwall, Beach Sealy, Lewis DeBlois, John Mills, Daniel Belding, Timothy Thomson, William Thompson, Thomas Robson, Lawrence Robinson, William Olive, Daniel Leavitt, John McLeod, Robert Andrews, William Chappell, Josiah Butler, Nathaniel Worrell, Geo.
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