[email protected] University ofMumbai Knowledge ResourceCentre, Anjali SandeshKale Publishers inAsia Archiving Policiesof Analysis ofAuthorSelf 47 Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 whatever journal s/he chooses and then simply self-archives a copy. In practice, adjunct, acomplementary activitywhereanauthor publishes hisorherarticlein Self-archiving isnotan alternativetopublishinginlearnedjournals, butan posting withoutpublishermediationofauthorsupplied research”.(Crow2002) “Self-archiving or author self-archiving is defined as a broad term to the electronic in ordertoprovideopenaccessit”.(Harnard 2001) is theactof(theauthor’s)depositingafreecopy ofelectronicdocumentonline Steve HarnardandPaulGinspergusedtheterm self-archivingintheyear1999.“It Self-Archiving Definition utilized bythescholarlycommunitytoitsmaximumextent. is provided.Thoughopenaccessjournalsarewidelyused,self-archivingnot archiving aretwosuchmediumthoughwhichopenaccesstoscholarlyliterature communicate anddisseminatetheirresearch.Openaccessjournalsself- drastically. Ithasprovidedauthorsandresearcherswithdifferentmediumsto Open accessinitiativehaschangedthescholarlycommunicationprocess Introduction 48 Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 49

this means a depositing the file in archive or repository. (Swan and Brown, 2005)

Thus it can be said that self-archiving is the strategy employed by the author to make their scholarly work published in non-open access medium to the open web to provide open access to it.

Scholarly work which can be self-archived is peer reviewed research journal, conference articles, theses and book chapters. These can be deposited by the author to their own website, or open archive for the purpose of enhancing its visibility and citation impact.

Self-archiving can take place at different stages in the publication process. So it is necessary to understand different stages of publication process as publishers have different policies for each version of publication. The different stages of publication are as follows

•• The first draft of paper written by author before it is refereed is known as Pre-print. •• When the author sends the for publication and when it is revised in response to referees comments, it is known as post prints. •• Publisher pdf is the final version of the article which is published by publishers.

Authors can archive any of these different versions of same document, but it depends on the self- archiving policies of the publisher.

Self-archiving may or may not be permitted depending upon the publishing contract. Authors often are not aware that they have signed an agreement prohibiting these forms of distribution. Thus it is necessary to understand the policies of the publishers. Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 50

Review of Related Literature

Coleman (2002) cited BOAI and defined self-archiving as whereby an author deposits digital copies of his or her works in a publicly available website preferably one compliant with the .

Pinfield describes the different benefits of self-archiving. According to them self- archiving helps in removing the impact barriers and access barriers and thus helps in accelerating the research.

In a study conducted, it was found that there is a substantial level of ignorance within the scholarly community with respect to open access journals and self- archiving wherein only 29% of the respondents were aware of self-archiving and 71% were not. (Swan & Brown, 2005)

Whereas (Antelman 2006) reported that authors are self-archiving according to the norms of their respective disciplines rather than publishers self-archiving policies and as such they are archiving significant number of publisher version.

(Gadd 2003) studied self-archiving concerns of authors. Some of the major concerns identified that their work will be plagiarized and it will be used by others for commercial gain. In addition to this it will also be compromised as no journals will publish it. Apart from this it will also break existing copyrights agreements with publishers.

(Gadd and Covey 2017) also studied the twelve year journey of 107 publishers which were included in the SHERPA/ROMEO database. It was found that almost there is increase in 12% over 12 year in publishers allowing some forms of self- archiving.

(Fry 2011) found that there is lack of clarity in publishers’ policy due to which authors feel that they might infringe copyright and this inhibits them to deposit in open access repositories. Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 51

(Hanlon and Ramírez 2011) reported that the policies of publishers change over time as a result librarians and repositories managers have to contact publishers to ask permission to deposit materials.

(Singsona 2015) also studied the self-archiving policies of open access library and information science journals.

(Curry 2017) reported that the European-based SHERPA (Securing a Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access) services are a suite of free scholarly communication resources aimed at proving authors information on publisher’s open access policies. SHERPA’s most notable service is RoMEO, is a database aggregating publisher archiving policies which allows researchers quick access to copyright and self-archiving policies of more than 23,000 global publishers.

Based on the literature, inference may be drawn that many authors and researchers are not aware of self-archiving policies of the publishers. Thus this study was initiated to analyze self-archiving policies of different publishers.

Objectives of the study

•• To study the status of different Asian publishers listed in SHERPA/Romeo database. •• To study self-archiving policies of the publishers. •• To identify the Romeo color coding of Asian publisher •• To assess the licensing clauses of publishers.

Methodology

Sherpa/Romeo database was used to analyze the self-archiving policies of the publishers. Under the advance search option, search was conducted using ‘country’ and the results retrieved were analyzed. It was found that 301 publishers Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 52

were listed under the category ‘Asia’. These were further analyzed to study the status, self-archiving policies, color coding and licensing policies of the publishers.

Table 1 presents the country wise analysis of publishers listed in SHERPA/Romeo database.

30 countries from Asian continent were listed in Sherpa/Romeo database. Total of 301 publishers were listed from these countries and they published 2739 journals. Maximum number of publishers were from India (124), followed by Turkey (31), Indonesia (29), Japan (20), Iran (18) and other countries as represented in table. It was also found that from these 301 publishers, 162 were open access publishers.

It was observed that publishers listed in database are less compared to total number of publishers in Asian continent. This may be due to the fact that Sherpa/ Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 53

Romeo provides the general policy of publishers of peer reviewed journals and serials that have been suggested by the user. Thus there is need that user suggest more publishers from this continent.

Self-Archiving policies of Publishers

Table 2: Self Archiving policies of publishers

Self-archiving policies of the publishers include policy regarding pre-print archiving, post print archiving and archiving of publishers pdf. Table 2 represents the self-archiving policies of the publishers.

With respect to pre-print archiving, it was found that 132 publishers allowed for archiving. 3 publishers allowed for archiving with restrictions.

Post print archiving: 204 publishers allowed for archiving whereas 74 publishers did not allow. Restrictions were mentioned for post print archiving by 13 publishers.

226 publishers allowed for publishers pdf archiving and 36 publishers did not allow for archiving.

Thus it can be said that most of the publishers from Asia allowed for some form self-archiving. Though it can be said that publishers from Asia are more restrictive about pre-print archiving as 125 publishers are not allowing for pre-print archiving and for 41 publishers, pre print archiving policy was unclear. Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 54

Table 3: Restrictions mentioned for different versions

Few publishers stated some restrictions when archiving preprint, post print and publishers’ pdf. Table 3 gives restrictions mentioned by the publishers for different versions of publication. Embargo and publishers permission were two prominent conditions mentioned by the publishers. Embargo period for different versions ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years.

Table 4: General Conditions mentioned by publishers

Self-archiving policies of the publishers are generally accompanied by set of conditions. These include general instructions regarding location where document can be archived, embargo period, copyright notification etc. Table 4 gives prominent general conditions mentioned by the publishers. Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 55

Romeo Color coding of Publishers

Sherpa/Romeo classifies the publishers into four different colors based onthe self-archiving policies of the publishers.

Table 5: Romeo color coding of Publishers

Thus it can be said that only small percentage of publishers i.e. seven from Asia does not support self- archiving. 139 green publishers support archiving of two versions i.e. pre-print and either post print or publisher pdf. 125 blue publishers supports archiving of single version i.e. post print or publisher pdf and 30 yellow publishers supports archiving of pre-print only. Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 56

Licensing Clauses of publishers

Table 6: Licensing clauses of publishers

Open access journals can be considered truly open access if it allows to distribute and share the content freely. It was found that many journals are using creative common license, though some publishers have used the restrictions, like no derivatives are allowed and it cannot be used commercially. These findings corroborate with findings of (Pujar 2014) which suggested that “such a rateof high adoption of CC license is a welcome sign to free the content from complex copyright regulations”.

Conclusion

During this difficult times of Covid 19, self-archiving is the fastest medium to make scholarly research available in open access for the scholarly community. The present study has shown that most of the publishers allow for some form of Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 57

archiving with restrictions. Though very few publishers are listed in the Sherpa/ Romeo database, to know the self-archiving policies of the publishers, individual websites of publishers can be visited. But it has been found that these policies are not uniform and may change from journal to journal. Many a times technical jargons are used which makes it difficult for research community. Similarly it has been found that many researchers and authors are not aware of the self- archiving policies of the publishers, so there is need to increase awareness about it in the research community.

Thus Self-archiving as a green road for open access can be utilized successfully, if authors and researchers made are aware of the policies of the publishers and policies are framed in simple terms with less use of technical jargons.

References

Antelman, Kristin. "Self archiving practice and the influence of publisher plicies in the social sciences." LEarned Publishing 19 (2006): 85-95.

Crow, Ryan. The case for institutional repositories: A SPARC position paper. Washington, DC: SPARC, 2002.

Curry, Carolann. "SHERPA Services and SHERPA/RoMEO." Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries. 14 (2017): 1-4.

Fry, J., Probets, S., Creaser, C., Greenwood, H., Spezi, V and White, S. "PEER Behavioral Research: Authors and Users vis‐à‐vis Journals and Repositories (Final report)." 2011.

Gadd, E., Oppenheim, C., & Probets, S.G. "RoMEO Studies 2: How Academics Want to Protect their Open- Access Research Papers." Journal of Information Science 29 (2003): 333-356.

Gadd, Elizabeth, and Denise Troll Covey. What does “green” open access mean? Tracking twelve years of changes to journal publisher self-archiving policies. Loughborough University, 2017.

Hanlon, Ann, and Marisa. Ramírez. "Asking for Permission: A Survey of Copyright Workflows for Institutional Repositories. ." Library Faculty Research and Publications., 2011: 11. 10.1353/pla.2011.0015.

Harnard, S. "The self archiving initiative." NAture, April 26, 2001: 1024-1025.

Pinfield, Stephen. "Self Archiving." In International Yearbook of Library and Information Managment 2004-2005: Scholoarly Publishing in an electronic era, by Stephen Pinfield, 118-145. 2005.

Pujar, Shamprasad. "Open access journals in library and information science: a study ." Annals of Library and Information Studies 61 (2014): 199-202. Sambhāṣaṇ Volume 1 : Issue 08, December 2020 58

Singsona, M., Sevukan, R., & Marugaiyan, M. "Author self- archiving and licensing policies of open access library and information science journals: A study." Annals of Library and Information Studies 62 (2015): 104-109.

Swan, Alma, and S Brown. Open Access Self Archiving: An author study. UK: Key Perspectives Limited, 2005.

Swan, Alma, and S. Brown. "Open access self archiving: An author study." 2005. http://cogprints. org/4385/.