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“Basically… Porn Is Everywhere”
“Basically... porn is everywhere” A Rapid Evidence Assessment on the Effects that Access and Exposure to Pornography has on Children and Young People By Miranda A.H. Horvath, Llian Alys, Kristina Massey, Afroditi Pina, Mia Scally and Joanna R. Adler “Basically... porn is everywhere” | A Rapid Evidence Assessment on the Effects that Access and Exposure to Pornography has on Children and Young People Table of Contents About the Office of the Children’s Commissioner 2 Acknowledgements 3 Foreword 4 Executive summary 6 Background 13 Methodology 16 Summary of Rapid Evidence Assessment studies 20 Research question 1: The evidence base on children and young people’s 20 access and exposure to pornography Research question 2: The existing evidence base on the effects that access 32 and exposure to pornography have on children and young people’s sexual expectations, attitudes and behaviours Research question 3: Do literature reviews and meta-analyses on the 46 associations between access and exposure to sexualised or violent visual imagery on children and young people bear relevance to the issues addressed by this REA? Discussion and conclusions 56 Recommendations 66 References 68 Endnotes 84 Appendices (published separately) Appendix 1 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Appendix 2 Attendees at the experts workshop Appendix 3 Research objectives specified in the tender Appendix 4 Sub-questions for the research questions Appendix 5 Detailed methodology Appendix 6 Inclusion and exclusion criteria Appendix 7 Initial and revised search -
Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary Volume 31 Issue 1 Article 7 3-15-2011 Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything Alan Wilcox Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/naalj Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Alan Wilcox, Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything, 31 J. Nat’l Ass’n Admin. L. Judiciary Iss. 1 (2011) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/naalj/vol31/iss1/7 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Caruso School of Law at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything By Alan Wilcox* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................. ....... 254 II. PAST AND CURRENT RESTRICTIONS ON VIOLENCE IN VIDEO GAMES ........................................... 256 A. The Origins of Video Game Regulation...............256 B. The ESRB ............................. ..... 263 III. RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED IN OTHER COUNTRIES . ............ 275 A. The European Union ............................... 276 1. PEGI.. ................................... 276 2. The United -
The “Jūdō Sukebei”
ISSN 2029-8587 PROBLEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 21st CENTURY Vol. 9, No. 2, 2015 85 THE “JŪDŌ SUKEBEI” PHENOMENON: WHEN CROSSING THE LINE MERITS MORE THAN SHIDŌ [MINOR INFRINGEMENT] ― SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR IN JŪDŌ COACHES AND INSTRUCTORS Carl De Crée University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium International Association of Judo Researchers, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The sport of jūdō was intended as an activity “for all”. Since in 1996 a major sex abuse scandal broke out that involved a Dutch top jūdō coach and several female elite athletes, international media have identified many more abuses. To date no scholarly studies exist that have examined the nature, extent, and consequences of these anomalies. We intend in this paper to review and analyze sexual abuses in jūdō. To do so we offer a descriptive jurisprudence overview of relevant court and disciplinary cases, followed by a qualitative-analytical approach looking at the potential factors that prompt jūdō-related bullying and sexual harassment. Sex offenders may be attracted to jūdō because of: 1. the extensive bodily contact during grappling, 2. the easy access to voyeuristic opportunities during contest weigh-ins and showering, 3. Jūdō’s authoritarian and hierarchical structure as basis for ‘grooming’, 4. lack of integration of jūdō’s core moral component in contemporary jūdō coach and instructor education, and 5. its increasing eroti- cization by elite jūdō athletes posing for nude calendars and media and by specialized pornographic jūdō manga and movies. Cultural conceptions and jurisprudence are factors that affect how people perceive the seriousness and how these offences are dealt with. -
S/Res/2256 (2015)
United Nations S/RES/2256 (2015) Security Council Distr.: General 22 December 2015 Resolution 2256 (2015) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7593rd meeting, on 22 December 2015 The Security Council, Reaffirming its determination to combat impunity for all those responsible for serious international crimes and the necessity of all persons indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) being brought to justice, Recalling its resolutions 827 (1993) of 25 May 1993, 955 (1994) of 8 November 1994, 1503 (2003) of 28 August 2003 and 1534 (2004) of 26 March 2004, and in particular, 1966 (2010) of 22 December 2010, which inter alia established the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals ( “the Mechanism”), Taking into account the assessments by the ICTY and the ICTR in their Completion Strategy Reports (S/2015/874 and S/2015/884), and the updated trial and appeals schedules, Welcoming the arrest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (“DRC”) on 8 December 2015 of Ladislas Ntaganzwa, indicted by the ICTR, while noting with concern that many genocide suspects continue to elude justice, including the remaining eight fugitives indicted by the ICTR, Taking note of the letter to the President of the Council from the Secretary- General dated 28 October 2015 (S/2015/825), attaching a letter from the President of the ICTY dated 1 October 2015, Noting also the concerns expressed by the President of the ICTY about staffing, and reaffirming that staff retention is essential for the most expeditious completion of the ICTY’s work, Recalling also its previous resolutions on the extension of the terms of office of the permanent and ad litem judges of the ICTY, who are members of the Trial Chambers and the Appeals Chamber, Further recalling its resolution 2193 (2014) adopted on 18 December 2014, Having regard to Article 16 of the Statute of the ICTY, 15-22712 (E) *1522712* S/RES/2256 (2015) Having considered the nomination by the Secretary-General to reappoint Mr. -
Alternative Pornographies, Regulatory Fantasies and Resistance Politics
Alternative Pornographies, Regulatory Fantasies and Resistance Politics Zahra Zsuzsanna Stardust Bachelor of Arts (History) (University of Sydney) Bachelor of Laws (Hons) (University of Sydney) Master of Arts (Gender and Cultural Studies) (University of Sydney) Thesis submitted to fulfil requirements of a Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Arts and Media at the University of New South Wales. March 2019. Supervised by Professor Ramaswami Harindranath, Dr Daniel Joyce and Professor Kath Albury. 1 Contents Dissertation sheet ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Originality Statement ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Inclusion of Publications Statement .................................................................................................................. 7 Copyright and Authenticity Statement .............................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Relevant Publications and Presentations Arising from this Research .............................................................. -
General Assembly Distr
UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/12/23/Add.2 10 July 2009 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Twelfth session Agenda item 3 PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT Report of the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Najat M’jid Maalla* Addendum MISSION TO ESTONIA** * Late submission. ** The summary is being circulated in all official languages. The report, which is annexed to the summary, is being circulated in the language of submission only. GE.09-14545 (E) 200709 A/HRC/12/23/Add.2 page 2 Summary The Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography visited Estonia from 20 to 24 October 2008. The present report examines the incidence of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and highlights the international and national legal framework pertaining to these issues and to the child protection system of Estonia more generally, including the availability of specific measures designed to protect child victims of sale or sexual exploitation, such as rehabilitation and social reintegration. The Special Rapporteur notes a significant political commitment in Estonia to prioritize the rights of the child. While the number of reported cases of child prostitution and child pornography is low, the Special Rapporteur is of the view that vigilance is required and that efforts should be directed towards prevention. Concrete actions to be implemented include the adoption of legislative amendments, efficient training of police, particularly in detecting cases of sexual exploitation of children and online child pornography, ensuring that programmes and policies are sustainable and accessible throughout the country, and strengthening of the non-governmental and civil society sector. -
The Sexual Marketing of Eastern European Women Through Internet Pornography
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 6-2010 The sexual marketing of eastern european women through internet pornography Karina Beecher DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Beecher, Karina, "The sexual marketing of eastern european women through internet pornography" (2010). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 33. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/33 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SEXUAL MARKETING OF EASTERN EUROPEAN WOMEN THROUGH INTERNET PORNOGRAPHY A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts June, 2010 BY Karina Beecher Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Source: IOM Lisbon initiated Cooperação, Acção, Investigação, Mundivisão (CAIM) Project, Including a Public Awareness Campaign Against Sexual Exploitation and Human Trafficking. Eastern Europe Source: http://www.geocities.com/wenedyk/ib/easterneurope.html Contents Acknowledgments I. Introduction 1 II. Historical Context: The Rise of the Sex Industry in 4 Eastern Europe III. Literature Review 15 Feminist Debate Over Pornography 16 Pornography, Sexuality: Objectification and Commodification 20 Sexualizing Women Through Advertising in Media 26 Sexualizing Beauty and Whiteness 35 Rise of the Internet as a Space for the Sex Industry 43 IV. -
Liberalism, Feminism and Republicanism on Freedom of Speech: the Cases of Pornography and Racist Hate Speech
Liberalism, Feminism and Republicanism on Freedom of Speech: The Cases of Pornography and Racist Hate Speech Coromoto Power Febres UCL Department of Political Science Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science December 2010 DECLARATION I, Coromoto Power Febres confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Coromoto Power Febres 1 ABSTRACT The central issue tackled in this thesis is whether there is room for legitimate restrictions upon pornography and extreme right political organisations’ racist hate speech; whether such restrictions can be made without breaching generally accepted liberal rights and within a democratic context. Both these forms of speech, identified as ‘hard cases’ in the literature, are presented as problems that political theorists should be concerned with. This concern stems from the increase in these forms of speech but also due to their mainstreaming in society. In this thesis the republican conception of freedom as non-domination is explored as a more suitable account than the liberal one of freedom as non-interference, when dealing with these two forms of speech. In addition, the neo-Roman republican view is aligned with anti-pornography radical feminism. This alignment aids in releasing the feminist position from a liberal framework; thereby reducing the burden of proof relating to harms derived from pornography that this position has been subjected to. Liberalism’s view of freedom of speech as a pre-political right leaves very limited room for restrictions to be made upon speech. -
Uganda. CV. Edited. 19 July 2007. 10.30
Curriculum Vitae Personal Nationality: Ugandan Gender: Male Marital status: Married Education 1973 - 1975 Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D.), New York University School of Law, New York, New York, United States of America 1971 Master of Laws (LL.M), New York University School of Law, New York, New York, United States of America 1972 Certificate in International Law, The Hague Academy 1970 Master of Comparative Jurisprudence (M.C.J.), Howard University School of Law, Washington, D.C., United States of America 1968 Bachelor of Laws (LL.B), University of East Africa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Professional qualifications 1972 - present Advocate, High Court of Uganda 2007 Included on the List of Counsel who are eligible for appointment to represent accused or victims before the International Criminal Court. Work history 1996 - present Professor of Law, University of Botswana, Gaborone 1992 - 1996 Associate Professor of Law, University of Botswana 1984 - 1992 Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Botswana 1993 - 1994 Walter S. Owen Visiting Professor of Law, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Law, Vancouver, Canada 1983 Social Affairs Officer, United Nations Centre for Development and Humanitarian Affairs, New York, New York 1983 - 1984 Expert Consultant, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch of the United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, New York, New York 1978 - 1982 Full-time private law practice, Kampala, Uganda 1975 - 1978 Senior Lecturer in Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 1971 - 1975 Lecturer in Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 2 1968 Pupil Advocate with Kiwanuka & Co., Advocates, Kampala, Uganda Professional activities Law practice 1972 - Private law practitioner (initially on a part-time basis 1972-1976 and full time 1976-1982); represented clients in criminal and civil cases in Magistrates’ Courts, High Court, and the Court of Appeal. -
A/70/226–S/2015/585 General Assembly Security Council
United Nations A/70/226–S/2015/585 General Assembly Distr.: General 31 July 2015 Security Council Original: English General Assembly Security Council Seventieth session Seventieth year Item 78 of the provisional agenda* Report of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Report of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Note by the Secretary-General The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly and the members of the Security Council the twenty-second annual report of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, submitted by the President of the International Tribunal in accordance with article 34 of the statute of the Tribunal (see S/25704 and Corr.1, annex), which states that: The President of the International Tribunal shall submit an annual report of the International Tribunal to the Security Council and to the General Assembly. * A/70/150. 15-13010 (E) 260815 *1513010* A/70/226 S/2015/585 Letter of transmittal Letter dated 31 July 2015 from the President of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia addressed to the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council I have the honour to submit the twenty-second annual report of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, dated 31 July 2015, to the General Assembly and the Security Council, pursuant to article 34 of the statute of the International Tribunal. -
Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPSC/EST/1 20 July 2009 Original: ENGLISH
UNITED NATIONS CRC Distr. GENERAL Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPSC/EST/1 20 July 2009 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 12, PARAGRAPH 1, OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ON THE SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY Initial report of States parties due in 2006 ESTONIA [15 May 2008] CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I.INTRODUCTION 1 - 633 II.PROHIBITION OF THE SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 64 - 8617 III.CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 87 - 9123 IV.PROTECTING THE INTERESTS OF CHILD VICTIMS 92 - 12525 V.PREVENTING THE SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 126 - 16231 VI.INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND COOPERATION 163 - 18137 I. INTRODUCTION 1.This is Estonia’s first report on the measures it has taken to implement the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. The report has been drawn up following the reporting guidelines adopted at the twenty-ninth session of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on 1 February 2002. 2.Estonia acceded to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the basis of a decision of 26 September 1991 of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia. The instrument of accession was deposited with the United Nations Secretary General on 21 October 1991 and the Convention entered into force in respect of Estonia on 20 November 1991. -
Conclusion & Discussion
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Cross-examining the past Transitional justice, mass atrocity trials and history in Africa Bouwknegt, T.B. Publication date 2017 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bouwknegt, T. B. (2017). Cross-examining the past: Transitional justice, mass atrocity trials and history in Africa. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 7. Conclusion & Discussion As some of the first modern-day international (-ised) ad hoc tribunals and hybrid courts have fulfilled their mandates, time has come to have a first glance at what they have actually accomplished, appraise their inheritance and plunge into the vast archives they have inadvertently produced along the way.