Imran A.K. Surti [email protected]
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==================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 18:11 November 2018 India’s Higher Education Authority UGC Approved List of Journals Serial Number 49042 ==================================================================== REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Thesis Submitted to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in English Faculty of Arts by Imran A.K. Surti [email protected] Under the Supervision of Dr. Rakesh Desai Professor and Head, Department of English Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat October 2016 ==================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 18:11 November 2018 Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. English REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Doctoral Dissertation REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Thesis Submitted to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in English (Faculty of Arts) (Registration No. 2793) By Imran A.K. Surti (Research Candidate) Under the Supervision of Dr. Rakesh Desai Professor and Head, Department Of English Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat October 2016 REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY SURAT C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that this doctoral thesis entitled REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS is submitted by Mr. Imran A.K. Surti for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat. No part of this thesis has been previously submitted to any other University for any degree or diploma. Surat Dr. Rakesh Desai October 2016 (Research Supervisor) Professor and Head Department of English Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Surat Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY SURAT DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that this doctoral thesis entitled REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS, submitted for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.), in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, is my original work and no part of this thesis has been previously submitted to any other university for any other degree or diploma. Further, I shall be solely responsible for plagiarism or any other kind of irregularity, if found, in this doctoral dissertation. Surat Imran A.K. Surti October 2016 (Research Candidate) REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to extend my profound sense of gratitude to the Almighty for providing me with required strength, confidence and determination in order to complete my thesis in time against all odds—personal as well as professional. I wish to express my earnest gratefulness and respect to my research supervisor, guru and mentor Dr. Rakesh N. Desai for his relentless support, his brilliant insights and suggestions, his commitment to excellence, and above all his faith in my competence and skills. Thanks are due to my family members for their constant support and their unconditional love. Further, I would also like to acknowledge the inspiring presence of Dr. Sharifa K. Vijaliwala, whose scholarly work on Partition Literature has proved greatly helpful to me. I especially thank my colleague Ms. Vidushi B. Choksi, whose overwhelming assistance and kind presence sustained me throughout this research project. Last, but by no means the least, I deeply appreciate Mr. Navin K. Nagpal of Vidya Copy Centre, Nanpura and his entire team (Sanjay and Nilesh in particular) for rendering time-bound service and excellent printing job. Date: 11/10/2016 Imran A.K. Surti Place: Surat (Research Candidate) Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No. No. List of Figures 1. Holocaust – Photographs i-ii 2. Partition of India – Photographs iii-iv 3. Timeline of Holocaust v 4. Timeline of Partition vi 1 Introduction: Literature and History – Interdisciplinarity 1-38 2 From Subjugation to Liberation: Elie Wiesel’s Night 39-115 2.1 A Historical Overview of Second World War 2.2 Holocaust and its Consequences 2.3 Representation of Holocaust in Elie Wiesel’s Night 3 From Pain to Happiness, From Victimizer to Saviour: Imre 116-170 Kertész’s Fateless and Thomas Keneally’s Schindler’s List 3.1 Representation of Holocaust in Imre Kertész’s Fateless 3.2 Representation of Holocaust in Thomas Keneally’s Schindler’s List 4 From Homelessness to Home: Asghar Wajahat’s Jis Lahore Nai 171-225 Dekhya O Jamyai Nai 4.1 A Historical Overview of Partition 4.2 Characteristics of Partition Literature 4.3 Representation of Partition in Asghar Wajahat’s Jis Lahore Nai Dekhya O Jamyai Nai 5 Partition as Trauma: Intizar Husain’s Basti and Abdullah 226-279 Hussein’s The Weary Generations 5.1 Representation of Partition in Intizar Husain’s Basti 5.2 Representation of Partition in Abdullah Hussein’s The Weary Generations 6 Conclusion 280-298 Select Bibliography REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. HOLOCAUST (1941-1945) Adolf Hitler – The Chancellor of Germany and the Nazi Dictator (1933-1945) https://blog.kareldonk.com/adolf-hitler-the-greatest-story-never-told/ Yellow David Star – Jewish Badge https://www.pinterest.com/pin/489555421973830143/ i Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS The Main Entrance to Auschwitz II (Birkenau) (A Concentration - cum - Extermination Camp) http://auschwitzworkcamptodeathcamp.weebly.com/photos.html While a lot of victims at the concentration camps were killed by gas chambers, some were placed into a big oven and burned to death. http://auschwitzworkcamptodeathcamp.weebly.com/photos.html ii REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. PARTITION (1947) Map of Partitioned India & Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan www.galaxypicture.com / www.lrwieland.com iii Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Vultures feeding on the corpses of the deceased during ‘Calcutta Mass Killings’ www.pakistanaffairs.pk/threads/63351-Remarkable-pictures-from-the-past Not just people, books and many non-living objects were also distributed amongst the two nations. http://coffeewithsundar.com/guruprasad-g-rare-photographs-collector/ iv REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. Timeline of Holocaust Holocaust Holocaust – Events Years 1933 Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Hindenburg. 1935 Implementation of Nuremberg Race Laws that deprived Jewish people of their civil rights. 1938 Kristallnacht, meaning "Night of Broken Glass" took place when Jewish businesses, synagogues and homes were violently destroyed throughout Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. Many Jewish men were killed or sent to concentration camps. 1939 Germany invades Poland leading to World War II in Europe. Germans establish a ghetto in Poland. 1940 Jews were forced to live in 'ghettos', where they were forbidden to earn a wage and many thousands of men, women and children starved to death. 1941 Jews were forced to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothes for the purpose of immediate identification. Squads composed of German SS and police called Einsatzgruppen (meaning mobile killing units) began the systematic massacres of Jews in several of the forts around Kovno, Lithuania; at Babi Yar, outside Kiev in the Ukraine. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor without warning and the United States enters World War II. 1942 The Wannsee Conference is held near Berlin, Germany where the decision is taken by the Nazis regarding the 'Final Solution to the Jewish Problem' – to exterminate all the Jews in Europe. 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising begins as Jewish underground organizations created an armed unit known as the Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB) and members of the ghetto began to construct underground bunkers and shelters. The Germans killed 7000 Jews and captured over 50,000 Jews who were then deported to concentration camps to meet their certain deaths. 1944 Germans begin the mass deportation of 440,000 Jews from Hungary. Winter Death March (Long March) of nearly 60,000 prisoners from the Auschwitz camp system in southern Poland. As the Russians advanced, the SS guards marched the Jewish people to concentration camps in the West such as Belsen in Germany. Soviet troops liberate the Auschwitz Concentration and Extermination Camp in Poland. It is estimated that 1,600,000 people died at Auschwitz, about 1,300,000 were Jews and the remaining victims were gypsies, Poles and Soviet prisoners of war. American forces liberate the Dachau concentration camp in Germany. Adolf Hitler commits suicide. World War II ended on September 2, 1945 with the unconditional surrender of all the Axis powers (http://www.american-historama.org/1929-1945-depression-ww2-era/holocaust-timeline.htm) v Imran A.K. Surti, Ph.D. REPRESENTATION OF HOLOCAUST AND PARTITION: A STUDY OF SELECT TEXTS Timeline of Partition of India Partition Partition – Events Years 1857 Mutiny against the British 1885 Indian National Congress is founded by A.O. Hume. 1905 The Partition of Bengal 1906 All-India Muslim League was founded at Decca on 31st December. 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms of Indian Councils Act - 21st May. 1915 Mahatma Gandhi arrived in India on 9th January. 1919 The Jallianwala Bagh tragedy took place on 13th April in Amritsar. 1920-22 The Indian National Congress (INC) adopts the Non-Co-operation Resolution in December.