The Scourge of Air Pollution 29 Mark Walsh
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Now, You're Inspector Abberline, the Detective in Charge of Investigating
Now, you’re Inspector Abberline, the detective in charge of investigating the Ripper murders. You are writing a short speech to explain your presence to the population of the East End, and to ask for their help. Use these words and expressions to complete your speech: victims - murderer -fog – witnesses – hideous – critical – interrogating – solved - remain Ladies and Gentlemen, I know you may not appreciate our presence in the neighbourhood*. But remember that we are not here to arrest you. We are here for your safety**. We are here to ask for your cooperation. We want this case to be solved as soon as possible. That is why we need witnesses who can give us information about the suspect. What he looks like, for example. We are looking for a dangerous murderer who has committed hideous crimes, and we know that we must find him quickly, or people will get scared and public opinion will become very critical. The police will also need information about the victims, so we will spend a lot of time interrogating their families and friends to try to discover why the killer murdered them and not someone else. I know you probably couldn’t see much, because it was dark, and because of the fog. * Neighbour : a person who lives next door ( un voisin) → neigbourhood = le voisinage ** safe = not dangerous (= sûr) → safety = security Victorian Times Look at this picture. This is London in the 19th century. Can you describe the document? PROPOSITION DE DESCRIPTION: This document is an old photograph. It shows London in the 19th century. -
The Big Smoke: Fifty Years After the 1952 London Smog
The Big Smoke: Fifty years after the 1952 London Smog edited by: Virginia Berridge and Suzanne Taylor Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine The Big Smoke: Fifty years after the 1952 London Smog Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Published in association with the CCBH Witness Seminar Programme © Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2005. All rights reserved. This material is made available for use for personal research and study. We give permission for the entire files to be downloaded to your computer for such personal use only. For reproduction or further distribution of all or part of the file (except as constitutes fair dealing), per- mission must be sought from the copyright holder. Published by Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Centre for Contemporary British History Institute of Historical Research School of Advanced Study University of London ISBN: 1 905165 02 1 The Big Smoke: Fifty Years after the 1952 London Smog Held 10 December 2002 at the Brunei Gallery, SOAS, London Seminar chaired by Professor Peter Brimblecombe Edited by Virginia Berridge and Suzanne Taylor Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Contents Contributors 9 Citation Guidance 11 Further Reading 13 The Big Smoke: Fifty years after the 1952 London Smog 15 edited by Virginia Berridge and Suzanne Taylor Contributors Editors: PROFESSOR VIRGINIA Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene BERRIDGE & Tropical Medicine. SUZANNE TAYLOR Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. -
THE GUIDE to SOLID FUELS This Leaflet Will Tell You All You Need To
THE GUIDE TO SOLID FUELS This leaflet will tell you all you need to know about: • The different solid fuels available and their suitability for the various types of appliances • Smoke control legislation • Buying solid fuel • Hints on getting the best from your fuel and appliance Choice of Fuel There are a great many different solid fuels for sale. Your choice will be based on a number of criteria, the most important of which will be the type of appliance you will be burning the fuel on and whether or not you live in a smoke control area (see page 4). Fuels for open fires Housecoal The most traditional fuel for open fires is housecoal. It is available in various sizes e.g. Large Cobbles, Cobbles, Trebles and Doubles. The larger sizes are usually a little more expensive than Doubles size. Housecoal comes from mines in Britain and other parts of the world, most notably Columbia and Indonesia. The coal may be sold by the name of the colliery it comes from e.g. Daw Mill, the port of entry e.g. Merseyport or a merchant’s own brand name, e.g. Stirling. Coal merchants also frequently sell the coal by grade – 1, 2 and 3 or A, B and C; 1 and A being the best quality. Wood Wood and logs can be burnt on open fires. They should be well-seasoned and preferably have a low resin content. You should not use any wood that has any kind of coating on the surface e.g. varnish or paint, as harmful gases may be emitted on burning. -
A Detailed Analysis of Air Pollution Effects on Environment and Control Techniques R
A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES R. P. Pandey1 N. Gautam2 H. Chandra3 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology, Bhopal, (M.P.), India 2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwavidyalaya Engineering College, Lakhanpur, Sarguja University Ambikapur (C.G.)India Abstract This paper investigates the collection We know that, a living organism cannot live efficiency of different pollution control by itself. Organisms interact among devices used to remove particulate matters. themselves. Hence, all organisms, such as Gravitational settlers are found to be least plant, animals and human beings, as well as effective for separation of particulate the physical surrounding with whom we matters and fabric filters are most effective interact, form a part of our environment. All since it separates particles with sizes less these constituents of the environment are than 1 μm. Different classes of dependent upon each other. Thus, they environmental pollution are discussed. maintain a balance in nature. United Nations declared Kolkata, Mumbai and Delhi the most polluted cities. 1.1 Classification of environmental Different steps taken by the government pollution- like effective use of renewable energy and Environmental pollution can be classified as replacement of CFC. Harmful effects are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution considered like depletion of Ozone layer and noise pollution. Air pollution is the and Acid rain. Health impacts of air introduction into atmosphere of chemical, pollution results mainly due to carbon particulates or biological material that cause mono oxide, which combines with discomfort, disease or death of human , haemoglobin to reduce the amount of damage other living organism such as food oxygen which enters in human body. -
Wayne County Air Pollution Control Ordinance Page 1 of 20 (11/18/1985) TABLE of CONTENTS
Note: The portions of Chapter 5, section 501, which incorporate by reference the following parts of the State rules are not federally approved or incorporated into the State Implementation Plan: 1. The quench tower limit in Rule 336.1331, Table 31, Section C.8; 2. The deletion of the limit in Rule 336.1331 for coke oven coal preheater equipment; and 3. Rule336.1355 WAYNE COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ORDINANCE AN ORDINANCE to abate air pollution in the County of Wayne and to provide for its administration and enforcement; to prescribe the powers and duties of the Wayne County Depart ment of Health-Air Pollution Control Division and its Director; and to provide for penalties and remedies. IT IS HEREBY ORDAINED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE CHARTER COUNTY OF WAYNE 2016 MI SIP compilation update Wayne County Air Pollution Control Ordinance Page 1 of 20 (11/18/1985) TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Chapter I DEFINITIONS Chapter 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS 4 Chapter 3 ENFORCEMENT .... 8 Chapter 5 EMISSION LIMITATIONS AND PROHIBITIONS PARTICULATE MATTER ........... ............... 16 Chapter 8 EMISSION LIMITATIONS AND PROHIBITIONS -- MISCELLANEOUS ........ 21 Chapter 9 SEALlNG OF EMISSION SOURCES ....... 24 Chapter 11 TESTING AND SAMPLING 26 Chapter 12 CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING AND RECORDING 27 Chapter 13 AIR POLLUTION EPISODES . 28 APPENDICES A. DIVISION REQUIREMENTS FOR EMISSION SOURCE TESTING D. DIVISION REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING AND RECORDING 2016 MI SIP compilation update Wayne County Air Pollution Control Ordinance Page 2 of 20 (11/18/1985) -
NUTTALLBURG MINE COMPLEX (Dubgee No. 4> HAER No. WV-51 North Side of New River, 2.7 Miles Upstream from Fayette Landing Looko
NUTTALLBURG MINE COMPLEX (Dubgee No. 4> HAER No. WV-51 North side of New River, 2.7 miles upstream from Fayette Landing \—\^1~ZA<!! Lookout vicinity \,N/V/-Y Fayette County ' West Virginia lO-LOUT.^ WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA REDUCED COPIES OF MEASURED DRAWINGS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD National Park Service 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD NUTTALLBURG MINE COMPLEX 1873 HAER No. WV-51 Location: North side of the New River, 2.7 miles upstream from Fayette Landing, Fayette County, West Virginia, Xoolt**** vie, UTM: Mine Opening, 17.496325.4211600 Tipple, 17.496240.4211205 Quad: Fayetteville, West Virginia Fabricator: Tipple: Roberts and Schaefer Company Chicago, Illinois Headhouse: Fairmont Mining Machinery Company Fairmont, West Virginia Conveyor: Fairmont Mining Machinery Company Fairmont, West Virginia Date of Construction: Mine, 1873 Tipple, 1923-24. Headhouse/Conveyor, 1925-26. Present Owner: The John Nuttall Estate Present Use: None Significance: The Nuttallburg Mine was one of the earliest mines to open in the New River Field. The Retarding Conveyor is one of the longest ever constructed and perhaps one of the few still extant. The Nuttallburg Mine Complex is representative of the rural industrialization and is typical of the extractive industries located in the New River Gorge and West Virginia. Project Information: The Nuttallburg Mine Complex recording project was undertaken during the summer and fall of 1991 by the West Virginia University Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology for the Historic American Engineering Record. Lee R. Maddex Research Assistant Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 NUTTALLBURG MINE COMPLEX 1873 HAER No. -
Using Wood and Coal for Home Heating
USING WOOD AND COAL FOR HOME HEATING working for a cleaner, quieter, healthier world Since 1898 Solid Fuel Heating Solid fuel can be a cost effective way of heating your home and providing hot water, particularly in rural areas where mains gas is not available. In recent years interest has grown in biomass heating (wood burning) as an environmentally friendly way of heating homes. Types of Solid Fuel Solid fuels fall into two categories – minerals and biomass. Mineral fuels include bituminous coal, natural smokeless fuel (anthracite and dry steam coal), manufactured smokeless fuel and manufactured non-smokeless fuel. The most common biomass fuel used is wood. Wood is available in many forms including logs, manufactured logs (usually a mixture of wood and wax), chips and pellets. Other mineral and biomass fuels exist, however you should not use these unless you have clear instructions that these can be used in your solid fuel appliance without creating excess pollution and, if you live in a smoke control area, that the fuel has been authorised for use in such areas. Mineral fuels in this category include petroleum coke, whilst biomass fuels are many and varied, for example agricultural and animal wastes. Burning waste in a solid fuel appliance can produce very high emissions of pollutants, potentially affecting the health of your own household and that of your neighbours. This includes waste wood; wood is often treated and burning this can release highly toxic chemicals (including heavy metals) into the air. Solid Fuel Appliances The simplest type of solid fuel appliance is an open fire, however these are not very energy efficient. -
The Cragmor Newsletter V1, N12 (April 22, 1970
c s : I tARTH DAY Volume I, Edition 12 EARTH DAY l\pril 22, 1970 OOR RACE FOR SURVIVAL How ironic! We are in a race agaInst extinction. And we are our own worst enemies. "The great question of the '70s is: Shall we surrender to our surroundings or shall we make our peace with nature and begtn to make r~parations for the damage ,we have . done to our air, to our land and to our water?" President Nixon stated in his State of the Union Mess~ge last January. WHAT IS THE PROBLEH? About 400 million years ago plant life began ~nriching the atmosphere with a life 8upport1ng mixture of 20% oxygen plus nitrogen, 3rgon, carbon dioxide and water vapor This mixture has sin~e been maintained by plants, animals and bacteria, which use ·and return the gases at equal rates, resulti.ng in a closed balanced system in which not tiing is wasted and everything counts. This system supports the biosphere, an extra ordinarily thin global envelope that sustains life.' Only if the biosphere survives can man survive. This lifegiving system is governed by definite la",s -of life and balance. Man has violated these laws and endangered nature as well ,as himself. By adding just one alien component to this delicate balance, man can trigger a series of changco dangerous to this life giVing system~ Another present danger to this delicate balance is overpopulation. By curbing disease'and death, medicine ~as e~3rted a surge of overpopulation that threatens to overwhelm the earth's resources in a very short perioG. -
Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production
materials Article Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production Paweł Kazimierski 1 , Paulina Hercel 1 , Katarzyna Januszewicz 2,* and Dariusz Karda´s 1 1 Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] (P.K.); [email protected] (P.H.); [email protected] (D.K.) 2 Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gda´nskUniversity of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gda´nsk,Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-58-347-19-31 Received: 31 May 2020; Accepted: 14 July 2020; Published: 17 July 2020 Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using furniture waste for smokeless fuel production using the pyrolysis process. Four types of wood-based wastes were used in the pyrolysis process: pine sawdust (PS), chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board (OSB). Additionally, the slow and fast types of pyrolysis were compared, where the heating rates were 15 ◦C/min and 100 ◦C/min, respectively. Chemical analyses of the raw materials and the pyrolysis product yields are presented. A significant calorific value rise was observed for the solid pyrolysis products (from approximately 17.5 MJ/kg for raw materials up to approximately 29 MJ/kg for slow pyrolysis products and 31 MJ/kg for fast pyrolysis products). A higher carbon content of char was observed in raw materials (from approximately 48% for raw materials up to approximately 75% for slow pyrolysis products and approximately 82% for fast pyrolysis products) than after the pyrolysis process. -
Frequently Asked Questions About Low Smoke Solid Fuel and the Cork Low Smoke Zone
Frequently Asked Questions about Low Smoke Solid Fuel and the Cork Low Smoke Zone 1. GENERAL What is the legal basis for the ban on smoky coal in the Cork Low Smoke Zone? The sale, marketing, distribution and burning of bituminous (smoky) coal is prohibited under the provisions of the Air Pollution Act (Marketing, Sale, Distribution and Burning of Specified Fuels) Regulations 2012-2016. Why ban smoky coal? The burning of smoky coal releases PM2.5 particles into the environment. In built up areas, as well as in private houses, these can become quite concentrated, and have a detrimental effect on health. PM2.5 gets deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream, where it is carried around the body. Other toxic substances present in coal are cadmium, arsenic and mercury. What are the health issues associated with burning smoky coal? PM2.5 particles released during the burning of smoky coal can spark asthma attacks, and can cause a range of respiratory problems such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis (affects one in four children under the age of 2), pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and others. PM2.5 has also been associated with strokes, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular conditions. The burning of smoky coal affects the external environment, but also the internal environment of homes where it is burned. How do I find out if I am in the Cork Low Smoke Zone? To establish if you are living in the Low Smoke Zone, please see the Map of the Cork Low Smoke here, or see the list of Townlands in the Cork Smokeless Zone here. -
Appropriating the Weather Olafur Eliasson and Climate Control
Appropriating the Weather Olafur Eliasson and Climate Control LOUISE HORNBY Department of English, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Abstract This article focuses on works by the Danish artist Olafur Eliasson, who has re- cently produced a number of large-scale and immersive installations, such as Ice Watch (2014) and, most famously, The Weather Project (2003). His human-made environments situate the human subject and human experience at their center, inviting the spectator to experi- ence atmospheres and environments anew. Relying on the disorienting and defamiliarizing effects of enlarged scale and colored fog, Eliasson tools his art to increase the spectators’ awareness both of their environment and of their position as phenomenological subjects within it. The works’ emphasis on an ecology of individual encounter and feeling situate the experiencing subject at their center, providing an analogue to the human centering that marks the era of the Anthropocene. While Bruno Latour has claimed that Eliasson’sat- temptsatclimatecontrolarenotconsistentwithadesiretocontroltheelements,Iarguein- stead that Eliasson’s environments are fully orchestrated affairs that share the technologies and efforts of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries’ militarization of climate control. Their phenomenological embrace, which has become a hallmark of much immersive art, re- lies on a stripe of self-centering that turns art into an occasion for feeling, foreclosing on cri- tique. Eliasson’s spectacles are containers for experience, refusing the possibility of a radical externality that is uncontrolled or the possibility of atmospheres that exist beyond their human witness. Keywords weather, Anthropocene, participatory art, air, phenomenology, climate control n November 2015, Danish artist Olafur Eliasson and geologist Minik Rosing trans- I ported twelve enormous blocks of cast-off ice from a fjord in Greenland to the streets of Paris for an installation called Ice Watch. -
Asian Air Pollution
Asian Air Pollution edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: [email protected] Last updated 2013-4-24 Note: In PDF format most of the images in this web paper can be enlarged for greater detail. 1 Introduction Air pollution has long been a problem in the industrial nations of the West. It has now become an increasing source of environmental degradation in the developing nations of east Asia. China in particular, because of its rapid push to industrialize, is experiencing dramatic levels of aerosol pollution over a large portion of the country (Liu & Diamond, 2005; Bradsher & Barboza, 2006; Kahn & Yardley, 2007). China has also experienced increasingly severe dust storms, which are commonly believed to be caused by over-farming, over-grazing, and increasing use of irrigation. Plumes of dust from north China, mixed with toxic air pollution, now are a major public health concern in China, Korea, and Japan. Some of these aerosols even reach the United States. Dust events have prompted Chinese officials to spend hundreds of billions of yuan to increase forests and green belts to combat the dust storms. Such measures are generally beneficial. However, research over the last decade suggests that the observed trend toward increased summer floods in south China and drought in north China, thought to be the largest change in precipitation trends since 950 A.D., may have an alternative explanation: human-made absorbing aerosols, mainly black carbon soot, that alter the regional atmospheric circulation and contribute to regional climate change (Menon, et al., 2002; Rosenfeld, et al., 2007).