Anemia in Children
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Happy Fish: a Novel Supplementation Technique to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women in Rural Cambodia
Happy Fish: A Novel Supplementation Technique to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women in Rural Cambodia by Christopher V. Charles A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Science Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Christopher V. Charles, April, 2012 ABSTRACT HAPPY FISH: A NOVEL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUE TO PREVENT IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN WOMEN IN RURAL CAMBODIA Christopher V. Charles Advisors: University of Guelph, 2012 Professor Alastair J.S. Summerlee Professor Cate E. Dewey Maternal and child undernutrition are a significant problem in the developing world, with serious consequences for human health and socio-economic development. In Cambodia, 55% of children, 43% of women of reproductive age, and 50% of pregnant women are anemic. Current prevention and control practices rely on supplementation with iron pills or large-scale food fortification, neither of which are affordable or feasible in rural Cambodia. In the study areas, 97% of women did not meet their daily iron requirements. The current research focuses on the design and evaluation of an innovative iron supplementation technique. A culturally acceptable, inexpensive and lightweight iron ingot was designed to resemble a fish species considered lucky in Khmer culture. The ingot, referred to as ‘try sabay’ or ‘happy fish’, was designed to supply iron at a slow, steady rate. Iron leaching was observed in water and soup samples prepared with the iron fish when used concurrently with an acidifier. More than 75% of daily iron requirements can be met with regular use. Its use in the common pot of soup or boiled water provides supplementation to the entire family. -
Age-Related Features and Pathology of Blood in Children
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF UKRAINE HIGHER STATE EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT OF UKRAINE «UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY» V.I. POKHYLKO, S.M. TSVIRENKO, YU.V. LYSANETS AGE-RELATED FEATURES AND PATHOLOGY OF BLOOD IN CHILDREN MANUAL FOR STUDENTS OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE III-IV ACCREDITATION LEVELS Poltava 2017 МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇНИ ВИЩИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ЗАКЛАД УКРАЇНИ «УКРАЇНСЬКА МЕДИЧНА СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНА АКАДЕМІЯ» ПОХИЛЬКО В.І., ЦВІРЕНКО С.М., ЛИСАНЕЦЬ Ю.В. ВІКОВІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ПАТОЛОГІЯ КРОВІ У ДІТЕЙ НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ III-IV РІВНІВ АКРЕДИТАЦІЇ Полтава 2017 2 UDC: 616+616.15]-053.2(075.8) ВВС: 57.33я73 The manual highlights the issues of embryogenesis, age-related features, semiotics of lesion, examination methods and diseases of hemic system in children. The manual is intended for students of higher educational institutions of III-IV accreditation levels, and can be used by medical interns and primary care doctors. Authors: Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Pediatrics No.1 with Propedeutics and Neonatology V.I. Pokhylko Candidate of Medical Sciences, Acting Head of the Department of Pediatrics No.1 with Propedeutics and Neonatology S.M. Tsvirenko Candidate of Philological Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages with Latin and Medical Terminology Yu.V. Lysanets Reviewers: O.S. Yablon’ ― Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics No.1, Vinnytsya National M.I. Pirogov Memorial Medical University of Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine. M.O. Honchar ― Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology No.1, Kharkiv National Medical University. -
Objectives Case
James H. Nichols, Ph.D., DABCC, FACB Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN Neonatal Anemia: Recognizing Thalassemia and Hemoglobin Variants James H. Nichols, PhD, DABCC, FACB Professor of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Medical Director, Clinical Chemistry Associate Medical Director of Clinical Operations Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN 37232‐5310 [email protected] Objectives • Describe hemoglobin genetics • Interpret hemoglobin chromatograms and IEF • Recognize common hemoglobin variants Case • 4 mo male, African American, abnormal newborn screen, seen for follow‐up testing • Newborn screen shows hemoglobin FS at birth 1 James H. Nichols, Ph.D., DABCC, FACB Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN HbF = 33.8% HbA = <1% HbA2 = 2.7% HbS = 62.5% SickleDex = Positive C S F A NB Audience Poll • What do these results indicate? A. Normal profile B. Abnormal amounts of hemoglobin F C. Sickle cell disease D. Sickle cell trait Hemoglobin Tetramer 2 James H. Nichols, Ph.D., DABCC, FACB Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN Chromosomal Organization of Globin Genes Normal Hemoglobins in Adults Globin Chain Expression Reasons for Requesting Hemoglobin Variant Analysis • Follow‐up to abnormal newborn screen • Adoption • Prenatal screening –patients of ethnic origin • Anemia of unknown origin in ethnic patient • Athletic exam for competitive sports 3 James H. Nichols, Ph.D., DABCC, FACB Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN Hemoglobinopathies 1. Structural – substitution, addition or deletion of one or more AAs in the globin chain i.e HbS, HbC, HbE, HbD, HbO, etc… 2. Thalassemia‐ quantitative defect in globin chain production i.e. alpha and Beta Thalassemia 3. -
Study on Clinical Profile of Beta Thalassemia Major Children
STUDY ON CLINICAL PROFILE OF BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR CHILDREN DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MEDICINE BRANCH – VII (PAEDIATRICS) APRIL – 2013 THE TAMILNADU DR.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI - TAMILNADU CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this dissertation titled “STUDY ON CLINICAL PROFILE OF BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR CHILDREN” submitted by DR.M.S.NISHA to the Tamilnadu DR. M.G.R medical university, Chennai in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of MD degree branch VII, is a bonafide research work carried out by her under direct supervision and guidance. DR.CHITRA AYYAPPAN DR.G.MATHEVAN Professor of paediatrics, Director i/c, Madurai medical college, Institute of child health & Madurai research centre Madurai medical college, Madurai. DECLARATION I, DR.M.S.NISHA, solemnly declare that the dissertation titled - study on clinical profile of beta thalassemia major children has been prepared by me. This is submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R medical university, Chennai in partial fulfilment of the regulations for the award of MD degree branch – VII Paediatrics. Madurai medical college, Madurai. DR.M.S.NISHA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the outset, I thank our DEAN Dr.N.Mohan M.S.,F.I.C.S for permitting me to use the facilities of Madurai Medical college and Government Rajaji hospital to conduct this study. I wish to express my respect and sincere gratitude to my beloved teacher and Director of Institute of child health and research centre, Government Rajaji hospital DR. G.MATHEVAN for his valuable guidance and encouragement throughout the study and also during my post graduate course. -
Impact of Maternal and Early Life Undernutrition/Anemia on Mental Functions
ACTA SCIENTIFIC PAEDIATRICS Volume 2 Issue 2 February 2019 Review Article Impact of Maternal and Early Life Undernutrition/Anemia on Mental Functions Kailash Nath Agarwal* and Dev Kumari Agarwal Health Care and Research Association for Adolescents, Noida, India *Corresponding Author: Kailash Nath Agarwal, Health Care and Research Association for Adolescents, Noida, India. Received: December 14, 2018; Published: January 22, 2019 Abstract Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in intake of energy, protein and/or other nutrients and refers to both incorporates chronicity, etiology, mechanisms of nutrient imbalance, severity of malnutrition and its impact on outcomes. In growing under nutrition and over nutrition. New classification scheme proposed by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition economies both under nutrition as well as over nutrition are observed with associated health consequences. Intrauterine and early life under nutrition result in impairment of growth and development, intelligence, behavioral, conceptual and sensory motor development in preschool years. A child is stunted if the body is proportionate yet when compared to a normal functions leading to weight loss. A child who is stunted and wasted is both short and thin compared to that of a normal child. Mal- child of the same age, he/she is shorter. In a wasted child, body fat and muscle reserves are broken down to maintain essential nutrition in childhood affects IQ, cognitive function, persistence of soft neurological signs and affects higher-order thinking skills in adolescents. The changes that occur early in iron deficiency/anemia (pregnancy anemia in Bangladesh 77% and India 86%)) may neurotransmitters, irreversibly. account for much of the long-term impact on decreased cognitive abilities. -
Hidden Hungers and Hearing Loss in Children
Otolaryngology Open Access Journal ISSN: 2476-2490 Hidden Hungers and Hearing Loss in Children Terez BK* Mini Review Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt Volume 2 Issue 1 Received Date: March 23, 2017 *Corresponding author: Terez BK, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Faculty of Published Date: April 04, 2017 Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.23880/ooaj-16000150 Abstract Hidden hungers and Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are global challenges that have a huge impact on health of vulnerable population like children. Nutritional imbalances are increasingly thought to be a causative factor in hearing loss. However, less attention has been paid towards MNDs, which can be prevented. Therefore, this mini-review aims to draw attention of concerned authorities and researchers to combat against MNDs that affect hearing. The major causes of MNDs were poor diet, diseases and infestations, and poor health caring practices. Hearing loss has profound health, social, and economic consequences. Affected children are likely to experience speech, language, and cognitive delays and poor school performance. Only severe prenatal iodine deficiency is listed by the WHO as a nutritional cause of hearing loss, leaving the broad roles of diet and nutrition within its complex set of etiologies yet to be defined. Keywords: Hearing Loss; MNDS; Protein-energy malnutrition Introduction access to micronutrient-rich foods such as fruit, vegetables, animal products, and fortified foods, usually Apart from the protein-energy malnutrition (PEM, because they are too expensive to buy or are locally which includes marasmus and kwashiorkor), there exists unavailable [2]. Although the deficiency affects every age another form, which is less visible and a result of vitamins group of both sexes, the most vulnerable groups are and minerals deficiencies, known as micronutrient children and women of reproductive age including deficiency (MND) [1]. -
AND Me Kmcm M Onaftm
A coupmxnm STUOT OP IHOK BOTCIBICT XK IBB BfDJAH AND me Kmcm m onaftM Thoais suboittod for tin Dogroo of Doctor of tfodicdno tar F.O.R. Majot, B.A.(H«nd), M.B. Ck.B.(Natal) MovoBOor, 1963 • O0MTBHT3 »•*• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAFTSR 2 A 3T0DI OF PATtSSTS SITH IHDN VgPWmCT ANASIIA ASMTTRD TO HOSPITAL Diagnosis 9 Clinical features 12 Syaptoaatology 12 Signs 14 Obstetrical and gynaecological history 16 Dietary historios 16 Special Investigations Urine 19 Stool 19 Liver function tests 21 Protein electrophoresis 22 Vitaain C levels 24 Radiological examination of chest 25 Kleotrooardiographic ohangea 27 Aohlorhydria 28 Bariue Studies 30 Vitaain A absorption teat 31 Fat balance studios 32 Urinary radioactive vitaain B12 excretion test 33 Serua vitaain B12 levels 33 DISCIBSION 35 Race and aex distribution 35 Aetiologioal factors 36 Chronic blood less 36 Disorders of the gastro-inteatinal tract 39 Malabsorption 39 Gastrectomy 40 Aohlorhydria 41 Associated diseases 42 ffooksorm infestation 44 Diet 48 Idiopathic iron deficiency anaemia 52 CHAPYIR 3 IRON DgFJCDSfCY ANAEMIA IN PRgGNANCT 57 Age and Parity 59 Haeaatological data - Indian A Afrioan women 60 - European women 62 pQiffaffS (oontd.) page CHA£TB5 3 (oontd.) 0ISCOSSK3H 63 First trimester case* 63 Comparison of hassatologieal results in the 3 racial groups 65 The Incidence of anaemia 66 Comparison with other South African studies 67 Phyeiological changes during pregnancy 69 Aetiologicel factors 71 CHAPTER 4 HES9 STORAGE ST0DT 74 Hepatic iron concentration 77 Bone Barrow iron concentration 73 Conparlaon between hepatic and bone Barrow iron concentrations 80 DISCUSSION 81 Hepatic iron concentration and its relation to age 81 Bone Barrow iron concentration end its relation to age 82 Approximate total storage iron 84 CHAPTER^ DISCUSSION 87 SUMMARY 303 APPENDIX I Case Suanaries A.l APPENDIX II Detailed Results Tables 1 - 3. -
Is Mentzer Index a Reliable Diagnostic Screening Tool for Beta Thalassemia Trait?
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 7 Ver. 6 (July. 2018), PP 07-11 www.iosrjournals.org Is Mentzer Index A Reliable Diagnostic Screening Tool For Beta Thalassemia Trait? Dr.Shreya Bose1, Dr. Sabiha Maimoon2 1 Junior Resident III, Department of Pathology, NKP SIMS, Nagpur, India 2Professor, Department of Pathology, NKP SIMS, Nagpur, India Corresponding Author:Dr.Shreya Bose Abstract: Objective: Thalassemia trait is commonly seen in Indian population especially in certain communities like Sindhis, Kachchis, Gujaratis& Bengalis. The individuals having thalassemia trait usually have asymptomatic course &have mild microcytic hypochromic anemia. Since the other cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency, it is important to differentiate it from and thalassemia trait. Though the definitive diagnosis of thalassemia trait is possible only by Hb electrophoresis, there are certain blood indices which can differentiate between thalassemia trait and Iron deficiency anemia. Mentzer index is such an index. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of Mentzer index in the differentiation of iron deficiency anemia and Thalassemia trait. Methods: This was a prospective study done on 100 patients of pediatric age group of which 60 had iron deficiency anemia and 40 had thalassemia trait. Only those patients who were found to be having iron deficiency anemia by iron studies and patients of thalassemia trait who had been diagnosed by Hb electrophoresis were included in this study. Those patients who had received blood transfusion within 3 months of study were excluded .Mentzer index of all the patients were calculated and the results were analysed. -
Clinical and Subclinical Iron-Deficiency Among Inner-City Adolescent Girls Eric Donald Wells Yale University
Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library School of Medicine 1982 Clinical and subclinical iron-deficiency among inner-city adolescent girls Eric Donald Wells Yale University Follow this and additional works at: http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl Recommended Citation Wells, Eric Donald, "Clinical and subclinical iron-deficiency among inner-city adolescent girls" (1982). Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. 3303. http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/3303 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Medicine at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VALE MEDICAL LIBRARY TII3 Y12 3 9002 08676 1443 5109 MEDICAL LIBRARY • >-> . • •• ts • • -tV ‘ • t , Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from The National Endowment for the Humanities and the Arcadia Fund https://archive.org/details/clinicalsubcliniOOwell Permission for photocopying or microfilming of 11 -, A II (Title of thesis) for the purpose of individual scholarly consultation or refer ence is hereby granted by the author. This permission is not to be interpreted as affecting publication of this work or otherwise placing it in the public domain, and the author re¬ serves all rights of ownership -
Issn 2079-8334. Світ Медицини Та Біології. 2020. № 2 (72)
ISSN 2079-8334. Світ медицини та біології . 2020. № 2 (72) можливості оптимізації комплексної терапії даної оптимизации комплексной терапии данной когорты когорти пацієнтів . пациентов . Ключові слова : алкогольна залежність , постійний Ключевые слова : алкогольная зависимость , тип зловживання алкоголем , біоритмологічний статус , постоянный тип злоупотребления алкоголем , биоритмо - реактивна тривога , особистісна тривожність , депресія , логический статус , реактивная тревога , личностная тревожность , індивідуально -психологічні особливості . депрессия , индивидуально -психологические особенности . Стаття надійшла 28.06.2019 р. Рецензент Скрипніков А.М. DOI 10.26724/2079-8334-2020-2-72-58-63 UDC 616.12-008.46:616.155.194-085:796.015 V.P. Ivanov, M.O. Kolesnyk, O.M. Kolesn уk, O.F. Bilonko, T.Y. Nіushko National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya CHANGES IN EFFORT TOLERANCE INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND LATENT IRON DEFICIENCY ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE ORAL FERROTHERAPY e-mail: [email protected] It is known that iron deficiency (ID) in the case of chronic heart failure (CHF), regardless of the presence of anemia, contributes to the development of the skeletal muscle dysfunction, which results in a reduction of effort tolerance (ET) in patients. The objective of the study was to assess the changes in effort tolerance indices in patients with chronic heart failure, with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and concomitant latent iron deficiency, on the background of a standard treatment combined with long-term oral ferrotherapy. The data obtained showed that the conducted additional oral ferrotherapy is accompanied by a substantial improvement in effort tolerance indices in patients with CHF as compared to the standard therapy alone. This demonstrates the feasibility of a latent ID 6-month oral ferrocorrection to treat CHF with reduced LV EF in order to improve the patients’ condition and working capacity. -
Haematology, Including Haemostasis Clinica Chimica Acta
Clinica Chimica Acta 493 (2019) S379–S433 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Clinica Chimica Acta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinchim Haematology, including haemostasis cases of homozygous mutants T677 T, 2 cases of homozygous W034 mutants C1298C and 1 case heterozygous normal C677T with mutation in C1298C homozygosis. Prevalence of the different genotypes of the MTHFR gene performed in a South Spain health area ^ Conclusions R. Coca Zuñigab, A. González Rayaa, G. Callejón Martína, E. Martín The study shows that 9.3% of the studied population presents Sálidoa, A. Lendinez Ramireza, M. Cantero Sancheza, M.L. Hortas the heterozygous combination of both mutations C677T + A1298C, Nietoa in these patients the activity of MTHFR will be significantly aHospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain reduced. The heterozygous forms of the two alterations separately bHospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain represent 48%, which do not present associated risk of hyperho- mocysteinemia. 6.9% and 16.2% of the cases correspond to Background-aim homozygous mutant forms for T677 T and C1298C respectively, these mutations should be considered as factors of high indepen- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme dent thrombotic risk for causing high homocysteine levels. The that participates in the regulation of intracellular folate, an results of the study show that 67.3% of the studied population is essential compound for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic considered asymptomatic, because they do not present any of the acids. This enzyme catalyzes the transformation of 5,10-methy- mutation in homozygosis. It should therefore be considered to lenetetrahydrofolate to 5-tetrahydrofolate, a donor of methyl establish a right protocol to be followed in which the determination groups necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to methio- of the mutation of the MTHFR gene should be subsequent to a state nine. -
Mentzer Index As a Diagnostic Tool for Screening Thalassemic Patients and Differentiating Iron Deficiency Anemia from Thalassemia
Mentzer index as a diagnostic tool for screening thalassemic pa- JKCD December 2019, Vol. 9, No. 4 MENTZER INDEX AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SCREENING THALASSEMIC PATIENTS AND DIFFERENTIATING IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA FROM THALASSEMIA Asif Hussain Munir1, Khurshid Ali2, Muhammad Ihtesham Khan1, Nuzhat Sultana3, Sultan Zeb Khan2 1Department of Pathology/Hematology, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. 2Department of Oral Pathology Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar. 3Department of Histopathology, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Abstract Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of Mentzer index in the differen- tiation of iron deficiency anemia and beta-Thalassemia trait. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in five different primary schools of district Peshawar. Sample collected were processed in pathology department of Khyber Teaching hospital and Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Duration of the study was six months which was started from june 2017 to December 2017 in which 500 blood samples were analysed. Permission from the parents were obtained through principles of the schools. The samples were obtained keeping full aseptic conditions and collected in EDTA anticoagulant tubes. Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet RBC count along with RDW, were assessed on a Sysmex Hematology Analyzer. Peripheral smear of the participants with low Hb(<11gm/dl) and low MCV (<80fl) were examined to look for morphology of RBCs. Serum iron (SI), serum iron binding capacity, serum ferritin was estimated using Cobas of the participants who had hypochromic microcytic blood picture on peripheral smear. Results: The participants in this study were both male (260) and female (240). Minimum age of the participants was 3.5 years and maximum age was 8 years.