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2016-8794 - Mr Ref. Ares(2017)2717244 - 30/05/2017 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY Health and food audits and analysis DG(SANTE) 2016-8794 - MR FINAL REPORT OF AN AUDIT CARRIED OUT IN ITALY FROM 14 NOVEMBER 2016 TO 22 NOVEMBER 2016 IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE SITUATION AND OFFICIAL CONTROLS FOR XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA Executive Summary This report describes the outcome of an audit carried out by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission in Italy from 14 to 22 November 2016. The objective of the audit was to evaluate the situation of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) and in particular, the implementation of Commission Implementing Decision 2015/789/EU of 18 May 2015 setting out protective measures for its control. Surveillance outside the demarcated areas and public awareness activities related to Xf were carried out in Italy in 2016 as required by EU legislation. The methodology of the large-scale surveys, which started in August 2016 in Apulia in the buffer zone and are expected to be finished in the 20km part of the infected zone adjacent to the buffer zone in January 2017, was, at the time of the audit, broadly in line with EU requirements. However, as these surveys were carried out at times not being the most appropriate for certain specified plants or even inappropriate for some other specified plants, the effectiveness of visual examinations as a means of identifying symptomatic plants and suspected cases of infection were compromised. The impact of this could be mitigated to some extent by the 2016 sampling and testing regime, which goes beyond EU requirements. The surveys in the infected zone around infected olive trees identified in 2015 and prior to August 2016 were not carried out according to EU rules and there were no measures to identify infected plants in place around sites with particular cultural, social and scientific value. For plants identified as infected in the buffer zone and in the 20km part of the infected zone adjacent to the buffer zone after August 2016, eradication and containment measures were implemented quickly and in line with EU legislation. However, olive trees found positive in the 20km part of the infected zone prior to August 2016 were either removed with very significant delays or, in the case of four trees, still remained to be felled at the time of the audit. This provided good opportunities for the spread of the pathogen from those locations during the flight period of the vector in 2016 and will continue to do so if action is not taken to remove these trees prior to re-emergence of the vector in Spring 2017. Movement controls of specified plants, including derogations for Vitis sp. are implemented in line with EU legislation. Since August 2016 there has been significant progress made in the implementation of Decision 2015/789/EU. However, additional efforts are still needed to prevent the further spread of the disease. There is a risk that the current positive approach will not be sustained in 2017 as there is no confirmed financial framework to continue surveys in 2017 and onwards. Furthermore, in the event of the need, following the completion of the 2016 surveys and in the case of future surveys, to eradicate large numbers of olive trees in the buffer and the 20km part of the infected zone adjacent to the buffer zone, especially involving monumental trees, operational challenges would arise and renewed stakeholder and public opposition could be triggered. The report contains recommendations to the National Plant Protection Organisation of Italy to address the shortcomings identified. I Table of Contents 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 2 Objectives and scope......................................................................................................................1 3 Legal Basis.....................................................................................................................................1 3.1 Relevant EU Legislation/measures..........................................................................................1 3.2 International standards.............................................................................................................2 4 Background ....................................................................................................................................2 4.1 Situation of Xylella fastidiosa in the EU .................................................................................2 4.2 Situation of Xylella fastidiosa in Italy.....................................................................................3 4.3 Previous audits.........................................................................................................................4 5 Findings and Conclusions ..............................................................................................................5 5.1 Organisational aspects of the plant health controls .................................................................5 5.2 Surveys for the detection of Xylella fastidiosa........................................................................9 5.3 Eradication and containment measures .................................................................................16 5.4 Movement control of specified plants ...................................................................................19 5.5 Planting of host plants in the Infected Zone..........................................................................21 5.6 Financial framework for the official controls, including surveillance ..................................22 6 Overall Conclusions .....................................................................................................................23 7 Closing Meeting...........................................................................................................................24 8 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................24 II ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS USED IN THIS REPORT Abbreviation Explanation ARIF Regional Agency for Irrigation and Forestry, Region Apulia (Agenzia Regionale per le attività Irrigue e Forestali) BZ Buffer Zone as referred to in Article 4(3) of the Decision CA Competent Authority CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union CoDiRo A strain of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, named after its symptoms on olive trees - quick decline of olives (Complesso del disseccamento rapido dell'olivo) Council of State Supreme Administrative Court of Italy CNR National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Bari CREA Council for Research and Experimentation in Agriculture (Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura) DA Demarcated Area as referred to in Article 4 of the Decision The Decision Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/789 of 18 May 2015 as regards measures to prevent the introduction into and the spread within the Union of Xylella fastidiosa DG Health and Food European Commission's Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety Safety ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation EU European Union Host plant Plants for planting other than seeds belonging the genera and species listed in the Commission database of plant susceptible to Xf in the EU territory, as referred to by Article 1(b) of the Decision IPPC International Plant Protection Convention ISPM International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures IZ Infected Zone as referred to in Article 4(2) of the Decision LAMP Loop mediated isothermal amplification MIPAAF Ministry of Agriculture, Foodstuffs and Forest Policies (Ministro delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali) MS Member State of the European Union NPPO National Plant Protection Organisation NRL National Reference Laboratory PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction RPS Regional Plant Health Service (Osservatorio fitosanitario regionale) SFC State Forestry Corps (Corpo Forestale dello Stato) Specified plant Host plants and other plants for planting other than seeds, as referred to in Article 1(b) of the Decision and belonging to the genera and species listed in Annex I of the Decision TAR Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio (Tribunale amministrativo regionale) "20km zone" A location within the infected zone within a distance of 20 km from the border of that zone with the rest of the Union territory, as referred to in Article 7 of the Decision Xf Xylella fastidiosa III 1 INTRODUCTION This audit took place in Italy from 14 to 22 November 2016 as part of the planned audit programme of the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission (DG Health and Food Safety). The audit team consisted of two auditors of the DG Health and Food Safety and one national expert from a European Union (EU) Member State (MS). Representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture, Foodstuffs and Forest Policies (MIPAAF) accompanied the audit team during the audit. An opening meeting was held on 14 November 2016 at the headquarters of MIPAAF in Rome, during which the objectives and itinerary for the audit were confirmed and additional information necessary for the conduct of the audit was requested. Unless specified otherwise, the data quoted in the following sections and elsewhere in the report,
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