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The Second Book of Samuel

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The Second Book of Samuel A PATRISTIC COMMENTARY THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL FR. TADROS Y. MALATY 2004 Initial edition Translated by: DR. GEORGE BOTROS Revised by SAMEH SHAFIK Coptic Orthodox Christian Center 491 N. Hewes St. Orange, California 92869-2914 INTRODUCTION As this book in the Hebrew origin, is a complementary to the first book of Samuel, we urge the reader to refer back to the introduction of that book. According to the Jewish tradition, the authors of this book were the prophets Nathan and Gad, beside some of those who were raised in the school of the prophets, founded by the prophet Samuel. In the Septuagint version, it is called “The second Kingdoms book.” WHEN WAS IT WRITTEN? It was written after the division of the kingdom, and before the captivity. It embraces a complete record of the reign of King David (2 Samuel 5: 5); and mentions the kings of ‘Judah,’ as distinct from those of ‘Israel’ (1 Samuel 27: 6). ITS FEATURES 1- Its topic was a survey of King David’s life, following his strife with king Saul, who was killed by the enemies at the end of the previous book; a narration of king David’s ascension to the throne, his wars, and the moving up of the Tabernacle of God to Jerusalem. It also gave a record of David’s fall in certain sins, with all the incessant troubles and grieves they entailed. In other words, this book represents the history of the people during the 40 years of king David’s reign. Its study is considered to be of special importance to everyone intending to comprehend David’s psalms. We should not wonder about the dedication of such a voluminous part of the Holy Book to the life of one man as David, actually, was the true founder of the kingdom, and not Saul. He prepared for his son the proper materials and the atmosphere to build the temple of God; organized the services of worship; wrote the majority of the psalms; and prophesied about the Lord Christ, the desire of the nations, who came of his offspring according to the flesh. 2- This book included poetry, and songs written by King David, like: the song of the bow, a lamentation over the death of Saul and his son Jonathan (2 Samuel 1: 17-27); that mourning the death of Abner (2 Samuel 3: 33, 34); the praise for God’s deliverance (2 Samuel 22); and David’s last words (2 Samuel 23). 3- This book reveals, beside the exciting life of David, his weaknesses, and the detrimental fruits resulting from sin. It is as though, nobody could be justified before the Lord, not even His great men! This book represents a warning for everyone, particularly for dedicated ministers; and as said by the apostle Paul: “Let him who thinks he stands, take heed lest he falls” (1 Corinthians 10: 12). And that was what motivated St. John Chrysostom, amid his ministry to his people to care for the salvation of his own soul saying: [My words are of more use for my life, than they are for that of those who hear me1]. ITS SECTIONS (1) The victories of David. 1-10. 1- David’s victory over Saul’s household 1-4. 2- David’s victory over the Jebusites and the Philistines 5. 3- David brings up the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem 6-7. 4- David’s victory over the adversary nations 8-10. 1 In 2 Thes. Pg. 62: 498. 2 (2) David’s weaknesses and troubles. 11-24. 1- David and the wife of Uriah the Hittite 11-12. 2- The troubles caused by Ammnon 13. 3- The rebellion of Absalom 14-19. 4- The rebellion of Sheba 20. 5- A famine because of the Gibeonites 21. 6- A praise to God by David, and his last words 22-23. 7- The census and the plague 24. Note: What came here about Israel in the Old Testament, became a heritage for “New Israel,” namely the Church of the New Testament, and not for the nation of Israel. 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE FIRST SECTION: CONQUESTS OF KING DAVID CHAPTER I: David laments his people CHAPTER 2: David anointed a king of Judah CHAPTER 3: Abner joins forces with David CHAPTER 4: The end of Saul’s reign CHAPTER 5: David reigns over all Israel CHAPTER 6: The ark of God brought to Jerusalem CHAPTER 7: David longing to build a house for the Lord CHAPTER 8: David’s further conquests CHAPTER 9: David and Mephibosheth CHAPTER 10: The rulers gather together against David THE SECOND SECTION: TROUBLES AND WEAKNESSES OF DAVID: CHAPTER 11: David’s fall with Bathsheba CHAPTER 12: David’s confession CHAPTER 13: Amnon and Tamar CHAPTER 14: Absalom pardoned CHAPTER 15: The rebellion of Absalom CHAPTER 16: David, A fugitive again CHAPTER 17: Ahithophel’s counsel defeated CHAPTER 18: The end of Absalom CHAPTER 19: David returns to his throne CHAPTER 20: The rebellion of Sheba son of Bichri CHAPTER 21: A famine because of the Gibeonites CHAPTER 22: A praise for God’s deliverance CHAPTER 23: David’s last words CHAPTER 24: The census and the plague 164 THE FIRST SECTION THE VICTORIES OF KING DAVID 1- David’s victory over Saul’s household 1-4. 2- David’s victory over the Jebusites and the Philistines 5. 3- David brings up the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem 6-7. 4- David’s victory over the adversary nations 8-10. In the previous book, the prophet David was introduced as a true man of God, who conquered and triumphed, not over others, as much as within his own life. King Saul, his pursuer, fell into his hands, at least twice, yet he refused to stretch his hand against the Lord’s anointed. And when his anger was aroused against the foolish Nabal, and intended to avenge himself, he listened to the wise advice of Abigail, and blessed her because she kept him from shedding blood. Now, Saul and his three sons fell in the war, to reveal more, how David’s heart was filled with pure love! He forgot Saul’s wrong doings and his persistent persecutions. Instead of being preoccupied with his right to ascend the throne, he lamented Saul and his son Jonathan, only remembering their good parts, and describing how pleasant they were in their lives. He mourned them with his heart and tears, as well as by his tongue and lips. This man of great heart, was found worthy to enjoy continuous triumphs over the adversary surrounding nations, to have his kingdom well established not only for his son Solomon to succeed him, but rather, for the Savior Messiah to come from his offspring, to reign forever over the hearts of His believers, setting in them the kingdom of God. 5 CHAPTER 1 DAVID LAMENTS HIS PEOPLE David conquered Amalek, recovered the captives, and came back carrying a plenty of spoil, to distribute some of them among the elders of Judah, and to restore the houses that were burned in Ziklag (1 Samuel 30). As for his heart, it was aflame for what befell his people, knowing how weak the army became, how the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul; while the armies of the Philistines were known for their might and discipline. By the third day after his arrival from Ziklag, an Amalekite lad came to give him the ‘good news’ about the death of Saul, the Lord’s anointed. He expected a reward, claiming that he killed Saul who was giving his last breath; but he was punished instead. David lamented Saul, Jonathan, and all the people. 1- An Amalekite brings to David the good news of Saul’s death 1-10. 2- David laments his people 11-13. 3- David punishes the Amalekite 14-16. 4- David’s lamentation over Saul and Jonathan 17-26. 1. AN AMALEKITE BRINGS TO DAVID THE GOOD NEWS OF SAUL’S DEATH: On the third day of his arrival to Ziklag, while preoccupied in restoring it, with his heart moaning over the affliction of his people, anticipating hearing any moment some expected news from the battle, it happened that a man came, with his clothes torn, and dust on his head, carrying the latest news. We do not have to wonder, why David did not send his own spy to bring him news of the battle; as he knew beforehand what would happen; besides fearing that someone would wrongly assume that he was eager to ascend the throne, once he heard of the fall of Saul and his men. Concerning the Amalekite lad, according to the Jewish tradition, he was the son of ‘Doeg’ the Edomite, who, feeling that David would inevitably ascend the throne, sent his son, as an Amalekite lad, to be the first to bring David the good news of the death of Saul and Jonathan, and provide him with the crown that was on Saul’s head, and the bracelet that was on his arm. Most probably, the lad’s report was fake; but his intention was to find favor in David’s eyes. On one side, he came to him with torn clothes and with dust on his head, pretending to be one of David’s subjects who was serving one of his worriers in the army faithful in his feelings, even after the death of his master. On the other side, he came to tell him of the death of Saul and Jonathan assuming that by that, David became the sole heir to the throne.
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