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The Subclavian Artery * Morries Mena * Springer Specialist Surgery Series Other titles in this series include: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, edited by Fielding & Hallissey, 2005 Neurosurgery: Principles and Practice, edited by Moore & Newell, 2004 Transplantation Surgery, Edited by Hakim & Danovitch, 2001 Alun H. Davies and Colleen M. Brophy (Eds) Vascular Surgery With 46 Illustrations Alun H. Davies, MA, DM, FRCS Colleen M. Brophy, MD, FACS Department of Vascular Surgery Chief of Vascular Surgery Reader and Honorary Consultant in Surgery Carl T. Hayden VAMC Imperial College London Research Professor Bioengineering Charing Cross Hospital Arizona State University London, UK Clinical Professor of Surgery University of Arizona Phoenix, AZ USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Libuary Library of Congress Control Number: 2005923614 ISBN-10: 1-85233-288-3 Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN-13: 978-1-85233-288-4 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2006 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or trans- mitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names,trademarks,etc,in this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement,that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by con- sulting other pharmaceutical literature. Printed in the United States of America. (BS/MVY) 987654321 Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com Preface This book provides coverage of a broad range of topics in the field of vascular surgery to residents, registrars in training, and to recent graduates of training programs. The book is meant to be a practical rendition of the basic knowledge and clinical management required for optimal care of vascular surgical patients. Each chapter contains input from specialists in vascular surgery from the United States and Great Britain. There are up- to-date perspectives on common clinical conditions and emerging techniques encoun- tered by vascular surgeons from both an American and British perspective. The chapters are organized under broad topics including medical management, noninvasive and inva- sive diagnostic approaches, perioperative care, indications and approaches for vascular procedures, and a discussion of newer endovascular techniques. The information con- tained in this text is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather a practical overview that will be useful in directing the management of patients with vascular diseases. The informa- tion in this text is also meant to be useful for certification examinations and recent grad- uates of vascular surgical training programs can utilize this text as an update of the most important vascular topics. Alun H. Davies Colleen M. Brophy v Contents Preface . v Contributors . ix 1. The Epidemiology and Etiology of Atherosclerosis Paul B. Kreienberg, R. Clement Darling III, and F.G.R. Fowkes . 1 2. Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Vascular Disease William G. Tennant . 9 3. Noninvasive Vascular Examination Colleen M. Brophy . 19 4. Radiological Investigations Steven M. Thomas, Kong T. Tan, and Mark F. Fillinger . 25 5. Bleeding and Clotting Disorders Vivienne J. Halpern and Frank C.T. Smith . 39 6. Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease Jill J.F. Belch and Andrew H. Muir . 53 7. Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery Jamal J. Hoballah and Farid Moulla . 65 8. Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Disease Jonathan R.B. Hutt and Alun H. Davies . 73 9. Lower Limb Ischemia Rajabrata Sarkar and Alun H. Davies . 91 vii viii CONTENTS 10. Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Varicose Veins, Lymphedema, and Arteriovenous Fistulas Andrew W. Bradbury and Peter J. Pappas . 105 11. Vascular Trauma Kathleen J. Ozsvath, R. Clement Darling III, Laila Tabatabai, Sacha Hamdani, Alun H. Davies, and Meryl Davis . 125 12. Complications in Vascular Surgery Jeremy S. Crane, Nicholas J.W. Cheshire, and Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr. 133 13. Vascular Access David C. Mitchell and C. Keith Ozaki . 141 14. Outcome Measures in Vascular Surgery Christopher J. Kwolek and Alun H. Davies . 149 15. Carotid Artery Disease A. Ross Naylor, Peter H. Lin, and Elliot L. Chaikof . 155 16. Arch Vessel,Vertebrobasilar, and Upper Extremity Eva M. Rzucidlo and A. Ross Naylor . 181 17. Aneurysmal Disease Philip Davey and Michael G. Wyatt . 191 18. Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy Sherry D. Scovell . 221 19. Visceral Ischemic Syndromes George Geroulakos, Peter A. Robless, and William L. Smead . 231 20. Endovascular Approaches and Techniques Steven M. Thomas, Kong T. Tan, and Mark F. Fillinger . 237 Index . 253 Contributors Jill J.F. Belch, MB ChB, MD, FRCP Philip Davey, MB ChB Peripheral Vascular Diseases Research Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK Alun H. Davies, MA, DM, FRCS Department of Vascular Surgery, Reader and Honorary Consultant in Surgery, Imperial Andrew W. Bradbury, BSc, MB ChB, MD, FRCS College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK University Department of Vascular Surgery, London Research Institute, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK Meryl Davis Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Colleen M. Brophy, MD, FACS Chief of Vascular Surgery, Carl T. Hayden Mark F. Fillinger, MD, FACS VAMC,Research Professor Bioengineering Department of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth Arizona State University, Clinical Professor of Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Surgery, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA USA F.G.R. Fowkes, MB ChB, PhD, FRCPE, FFPHM Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Elliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD, FACS Vascular Diseases, Public Health Sciences, The Division of Vascular Surgery, Brown University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Whitehead Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, George Geroulakos, MD, FRCS, DIC, PhD USA Vascular Unit, Ealing Hospital, London, UK Vivienne J. Halpern, MD, FACS Nicholas J.W. Cheshire, MB ChB, MD, FRCS Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Regional Vascular Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, London, UK New Hyde Park, NY, USA Jeremy S. Crane, MB ChB, MRCS Sacha Hamdani Regional Vascular Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Institute for Vascular Health and Disease, London, UK Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA Jamal J. Hoballah, MD R. Clement Darling III, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Institute for Vascular Health and Disease, Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA ix x CONTRIBUTORS Jonathan R.B. Hutt, BA, MBBS Peter A. Robless, MB ChB, FRCS, MD, FEBVS Department of Accident and Emergency, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, Surgery, National University Hospital, London, UK Singapore, Republic of Singapore Paul B. Kreienberg, MD Eva M. Rzucidlo, MD Institute for Vascular Health and Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth- Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA Christopher J. Kwolek, MD, FACS Division of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts Rajabrata Sarkar, MD, PhD General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Division of Vascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Peter H. Lin, MD, FACS Division of Vascular Surgery and Sherry D. Scovell, MD Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Division of Vascular Surgery, Beth Israel Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Medicine, Houston, TX, USA William L. Smead, MD David C. Mitchell, MA, MS, FRCS Division of General Vascular Surgery, Ohio Department of Surgery, Southmead Hospital, State University, Columbus, OH, USA North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK Frank C.T. Smith, BSc, MD, FRCS Farid Moulla, MD, MBA University Department of Surgery, University Department of Anaesthetics, Charing Cross of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK Hospital, London, UK Laila Tabatabai Andrew H. Muir, MB ChB Institute for Vascular Health and Disease, Peripheral Vascular Diseases Research Unit, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK Kong T. Tan, MB ChB, BAO, FRCSI, FRCR Sheffield Vascular Institute, Vascular Office, A. Ross Naylor, MB ChB, MD, FRCS Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK Department of Vascular Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK William G. Tennant, BSc, MB ChB, MD, FRCS Department of Vascular Surgery, Queens C. Keith Ozaki, MD, FACS Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida Steven M. Thomas, MRCP, FRCR, MSc College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA Sheffield Vascular Institute, Vascular Office, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK Kathleen J. Ozsvath, MD Institute for Vascular Health and Disease, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr., MD Albany Medical
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