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Synthesis of Boron Or Aluminum Based Functional Nitrides for Energy Applications (Hydrogen Production and Storage) Chrystelle Mounir Salameh

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Synthesis of Boron Or Aluminum Based Functional Nitrides for Energy Applications (Hydrogen Production and Storage) Chrystelle Mounir Salameh Synthesis of boron or aluminum based functional nitrides for energy applications (hydrogen production and storage) Chrystelle Mounir Salameh To cite this version: Chrystelle Mounir Salameh. Synthesis of boron or aluminum based functional nitrides for energy applications (hydrogen production and storage). Material chemistry. Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2014. English. NNT : 2014MON20157. tel-01743835 HAL Id: tel-01743835 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01743835 Submitted on 26 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Délivré par l’Université Montpellier 2 Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale de chimie Et de l’unité de recherche UMR5635 Spécialité : Chimie et physico-chimie des matériaux Présentée par Chrystelle Mounir SALAMEH Synthèse de matériaux nitrures fonctionnels à base de bore ou d’aluminium pour des applications en énergie (production et stockage de l’hydrogène) Soutenue le 04/12/14 devant le jury composé de Prof. Gian Domenico SORARU, Professeur - Université Rapporteur de Trento, Italie Prof. Petra E. DE JONGH, Professeur - Université Rapporteur d’ Utrecht, Pays-bas Prof. Christel LABERTY, Professeur - Université Examinatrice Paris 6 Prof. Etienne DUGUET, Professeur - Université de Président Bordeaux Prof. Philippe MIELE, Professeur - ENSCM Directeur de thèse Dr. Samuel BERNARD, Chargé de Recherche - CNRS Co-encadrant Dr. Umit B. DEMIRCI, Maître de Conférences - Co-encadrant Université Montpellier 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to those who supported me and contributed directly or indirectly to my PhD work. First and foremost I want to thank my PhD advisor, Prof. Philippe Miele, for allowing me to work on this interesting subject and giving me the chance to be a part of his research group in the “IEM”. I deeply appreciate his insight, encouragement and support throughout these 3 years and the confidence he had in me. I would like to acknowledge my co-supervisor Dr. Samuel Bernard. He has showed me how good science can be, and helped me grow the motivation I had when I first integrated this field. I appreciate all his contribution of time, ideas, and fruitful discussions to make my PhD experience very productive and stimulating. His enthusiasm for his research work was contagious and challenging to me. I am very thankful for my co-supervisor Dr. Umit B. Demirci, for giving the chance to apply to this PhD fellowship and to get closer to his research work ever since we met in the conference in Lebanon. He was and still is an excellent example of a successful supervisor and researcher with his professionalism and devotion. I am also thankful for his time, comments and constant availability. I wish to recognize in particular Prof. Christel Gervais for her valuable help during my PhD work and for the time she took to read my dissertation. I am especially grateful for past and present colleagues in the lab I had the pleasure to work with but also chat and build funny memories: Vanessa, Alina (je n’oublierai jama is les moments 2A3M avec vous :p), Antoine, Sergii, Anthony, Charlotte, Jean-Fabien, Salem, Arthur, Valentin, Camille, Dalia, Salman, Joelle, Mirna, Caroline, Fabien, Mathilde, Ekatarina, Erol, Ming, Nakry, Renauld, Marie-Anne, Wissem …and finally my colleague and dear friend Georges Moussa: Georges I can not thank you enough for your presence, help, friendship that, believe me, is very precious to me. I will never forget the joy and value you added to these 3 years, and allow me to quote this fo r you “best friends make the good times better and the hard times easier” and that is exactly what you did weather in the good or tough moments. I am indebt for the all the team in the “IEM” from researchers (Gérald, Phi lippe, David, Mikael, Sophie, Stéphanie, Claude, Sebastien, Yves Marie, Gilbert …) , to administration team (Florence, Jean Pierre, Cathy, Dominique, Fabienne, Christelle, Carmela , Karine Allen à l’école de chimie …) , to the technical service (Patrice, Jean Pierre, Daniel, Said…), to the computer service (Henri, Jean Michel) and to all the characterization platform personnel (Mans, Eddy, Nathalie, Didier, Valérie, Arie, Jean Paul,… Finally Philippe Falque, that I appreciate not only his help in the lab whenever I needed a favor or had a trouble or was simply upset, but also his presence, as well as his very dear wife Eng Falque and my adorable godson Trystan, in my life. You were and will always be a family for me, and I am blessed to have met you. These three years would have not been so special and important without you three in it. I need to thank also the FUNEA project for the financial support and for giving me the chance to meet and discuss with great researchers. Also I am thankful for my fellows from others institutions: Cristina, Wenjie, VanLam, Esther, Abraham, Gilvan, Ibrahim, Duan, Sajid…I want to thank Prof Gian Domenico Soraru for giving me the opportunity to work with his group. From my stay in Italy, I can recall only wonderful moments, and I pay my sincere appreciation to Ema (the aerogel man :p), Pradeep, Lam, Pradnyesh, Rajesh, the FBK group… I am very grateful to my friends in France that added nothing but positive energy and love to my life, and for this I will always be thankful: Lucie, Joyce, Rouba, Damien, Eddy, Achraf, Patrick, Fabien, Hoda, Teddy, Anthony Manas et toute sa famille (Antho tu as occupé une place très importante dans notre vie que personne ne pourra prendre) …My special gratitude goes for Marcelino Seif, for his calmness whenever I went crazy, his smile and comfort whenever I was in tears, his presence and support that by now he became expert in chemistry not only electronics ;) but above all I am thankful for his great spirit and kind heart that made be see the beauty in everything around me. Even though I was geographically far, a great person in Lebanon did not make me feel the distance and resumed 3 years at a glance. I owe my feelings and endless gratitude, in particular, to Georges Mansour for his unconditioned love and care. I will never forget all the good moments. Everything you did made me feel home and helped me turning stronger and succeed. It is time to thank the most important people in my life, my FAMILY: Mounir, Hoda, Joelle, Elias and Joseph and of course Chris or Adreana (that I fell in love with already :p). I am forever grateful for your endless love, patience, sacrifice, generosity on all levels, support, faith and encouragement for me to pursue my dreams, even if this costs years far from you. I want you to know that I love you all and proud to have you in my life in a way beyond words can ever describe … DEFINITION AlN: Aluminum nitride AC: Activated Carbon AB: Ammoniaborane BN: Boron nitride CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition DOE: Department of energy DVB: Divinyl benzene H2: Molecular hydrogen H: Atomic hydrogen HHV: Higher Heating Value LHV: Lower Heating Value PEMFC: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PDCs: Polymer-Derived Ceramics PMMA: Polymethylmethacrylate SiAlCN: Aluminum-modified Silicon CarboNitride SiBCN: Boron-modified Silicon CarboNitride SiC: Silicon Carbide Si 3N4: Silicon Nitride SPS: Spark Plasma Sintering WP: Warm Pressing TABLE OF CONTENTS General introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 I- Literature survey ...................................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 14 2. Hydrogen production and storage .................................................................................. 15 2.1. Hydrogen production .............................................................................................. 15 2.1.1 Off-board hydrogen production ........................................................................... 15 2.1.2 On-board hydrogen production ........................................................................... 16 2.2. Hydrogen storage .................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 Liquid hydrogen .................................................................................................. 18 2.2.2 High pressure gas ................................................................................................ 18 2.2.3 Solid-state hydrogen storage ............................................................................... 19 3. (Carbo)Nitride ceramics and derivatives ....................................................................... 30 3.1. Definition/Applications of (Carbo)Nitride Ceramics ............................................. 30 3.2. Synthesis of (Carbo)Nitride ceramics..................................................................... 31 3.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition ................................................................................ 31 3.2.2
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