DOCON2111/ 11311111

1111 182 214 SO 012 267 AOTHOlt ilwood,Ann TITLE A gource Book for COnnections: Technology &nd Change. INSTITUTION California Univ., San Diego.Univ. pctetsion. SPONS AGENCY National Endowment for the Eamanities (NFAH)0 Washington, -D.C. PUB DATE 79 NOTE alp.; For related documents,see SO 012 264-266 AFAILkBLE FROMBoyd.& Frasier Publishing Company 8627 Sacrasento Street, San Francisco, CA 94118 ($2.95)

EDUS PRICE MF01 Pius Postage. PC'Not Availablefrom EDRS. DESCRIPTORS .Adult Ed4rat5on: CreativeThinkin-g: Discovery ProceSseS: tducationalObjectivesnvironmental Itfluences:-FilmOgraphies: Futures(of Society): Higher Education: Industrialization;Inventions;' *Multimedia:Instruction:Program Descriptions: Resource.Materials: *Social Change: .SocialHistory; *Technological Advancesent: Technology.- ZDENTIFIERS controversial Issues ABSTRACT Resourcematerials and-suggestionsare Kesetted as :pirtof the multliedia instructicialprogram ot relationships among stienCe.technology. and society. Themajor objective of the prograt is tomake college 1evlcourte material available to the general public. through cooperatioi of newspapert,pUblic-televisicn, and 300 participating colleges and universities.The bookuit presOntedJa four.aajor sectionS. Sectionpreienttan overvi4w of the program,. . Outlines major tciPiCs whiChcan be used at weekly.or monthly meetings on tecOology_and change, explaini.how variousCommunity and edutatienal groups us,P the progras.(neWSpaperarticle's, a reader/study-guide, and a 1:0-part televisionseries), and presents 'Aips to teacherg-on how to planknd arrange-pnblicity fora program :base4on technology and chana topics. Section:1I offers suggestions".. for programs based on a.varie.y oftopits'includingtechnology, assessment, impacts of techno ogyon so- iet-y, increasing prodictivity links betireen:nature and tchnology, societal *mines, Topulation ahd resources,and econoSiciicentives for innovation. FOr , each topid, information is presented on thackgromd, reading assignmenter discussion,luestions, and learningactiiiitiet. Section. III, lists,and describesactivities and publications-ofprivate.and governaental agencies, organizations, and auseumbwhich focus on technology'and change. The final seco;ionpresents:a filaography of -Approxiaately -460g -at ttictisoiogi itzd --clealtge: -Ent ries -are annotated an,d krranged,alphabeticallyunder major coursetopicS. (DB)

, . ***********************************************************************- * ,Reproductions:supplied by,tDPS are the bestthatacan be made * * %'. from the original document. ,- * ********************************************************************7

a. VS DEPARTMENT OF1411VALTN, EDUCATION WELFRE NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF arwicATIou THIS DOCUMENTHAS EEEN REPRO- DUCED E,XACTLYAS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- ATING IT. POINTSOF VIEWR OEINIONS STATED DO NOTNECESSARILY REPRE. SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITIONOR ItOLICY 1

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TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES for' INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Conneqtions.- Technology and Change

by Ann Eiwgod

so

.=11.

. Courses by Newspaper is a projekt of . UniversitifExtension, University of Cal-ifisrnia,--San Diego . , Funded by the National Endowment for theHumanities 6 Boyd & Fraser Publishing Company qpn Francesco t . PREFA.F This book of resource materials .and suggestions is .4 designed for use with theeleventh Course 4 News- paper, Connections: Technology and Change. Other coniponents are a seris of fifteen newspaper articles, a Reader., and a StUdy Guide. In .addition, starting the week of September 30, 1979, Public 'BroadeaSting A Service television stations 'throughout the Cotintry will air a, ten- week'series .of. programs, Connections, produced by BBC and Time-Life Films. ,A narrative :.bo.ok, Connections, by ..1aMes Burke, basedon the television series, =4 10/iewer's'Guide, linking the print and video..materials, are also available. Everything inThis book is Olanned to help program ehaitpersons, educators, and civic and groupAleaders develop Community Meetings based on the Course bY Newspaper. (CbN) topics.. The project was.generouSly funded and supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities.' It was dirbcted by George A. Colburn, prOjeCI director, and Jane 1. Scheiber, ,editorial direc4 of Courses by Newspaper. The filmography wa4 . researched under tile direction of Nadine covert he Educa- tiomal Film Library Association.

Ann Elwood

A SOUKCC BOOK FOR 'CONNECTIONS: TEOINOLOGY AND CHAN6E A Courses by. Newspaper Publication

published b}, Boyd & FraSer PUblishing Company 3627 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, CA 9411S

e 1979 by the Regenteathe Univer,sity of California Afi rights ,reserved'Printed in tht; United States of Anufrica.

ISBN O.:87835-087-X 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 0 9 .

SECTION ONE '" How to Use Coi.irsesOy. Newspaper

Introduction

Topi ut;ihe

Using theTopics to Plan Programs.5

The Courses by NewsPaperProgram . 5 a The BBC/Time Liie Television Series'CONNECTIONS ' t te,

Who Else Is Involved? 6

Advance Planning 7

For College Instructor's, 7

SECTION TWO Progeam Suggestion's

\ ' SECTION THREE Resources 32

i5art One: ListbfOrganizations, Agencies, andGroups 32

Part Two: Museums withExhibits Pertinent to CONNECTIONS 45

Part Three: State HumanitieiCommittees 52

SECTION FOUR A Filmography 55 SECTION ONE U:se the .N N -CoOrs.98.:byNefwspaper TOpic8'

9 _ Introduction Part Two: Technology's Effects 2. Silent Revolutions Conmictions: Techlology and Change How does technological change affect our lives Technology is like the hammer that a do-it-yourselfer and restructure our political, economic, and so- Secidentally bashes a thumb with7---it's,a tool that cial. institutions? makes life easier, but it.can also be a cause of pain. 3. How Terribly TechniCal! Has technology brought_ us paradise or led 'us into How can we deal with the complexity of modern nightmare? The gOod side: the efficiency of copiers technology? ;and computers, the immediacy of television, the mo- bility of jet travel, the leisure brought 'about by a 4. Occupational Destinies' shorter .work,wee.k. The bad side: poor health from' In what ways does the technolOgical environment contamination of our air,, water, and food; a sense of shape our working conditions? disintegratinghumarOnstitutipils; a feeling that' the future effects of technol* may be detrimental. Part Three: Conditions of TeChnohnical Technology has a price.tag. Its.intluences on modern Development life are pervasive and .obvious..Not so obvious is our 41 5. CUlture: The-Link Betwee f Nature Ampact on it.. 7 Inescapably interwoven into .everyone's life, tech- and Technology nology and the change it brings .are ideal topics for How does culture proVide the crucial link any group gathered together to enlarge their undet.\ tween nature.and technology? N standOg of the modern World and, ihe -forces that 6. The Influence of SOcittal Values % made it as it is. The issues surrounding technology How.do religious, ethical, aesthetic, and Other strike home. They have to do with our work, the air .-social 'values infinence'the acceptance and de- . we. breathe, our recreation, even our marriages velopment of technolOgy? praCtically evefy facet of life, There is no audience that cannot- gain from eXamining information-ane: 7. Technology, POpulation, arid 'Resources opinions regarding-technology ir order to make in-.. What are the technological cauSesofithe world's telligent-choices 'about it. alarming increise 'in poPiiiation,...and.,what are our options for Solving thisproblem?-

Topic Outline- Part Fonr: Source! otTechiln-kiiiifflthangi _The following is alistfof topics that can be used for' 8. Inceniii,es for- Innovation: weekly or monthly meetings, oti technology ,and L. Technology and the EconOrny change. They arc based on Courses by NeWspaper's .§hould we continue encouraging The techil'ologi 'Fall. 1979 program. Connictions: Technology and cal innovation that; causes economic growth, or Change. should we liVe withless.?. , Part One: Technology on Thal 91'. '.Scieneeand Tcchnology: A Growing Partnership 1. Technology on Trial' Ht* cibsely are; science and technology. inter- Why are people'ambivalent about technological tied, atid how does their relationship affect change? ty? , 10. The Imperatives of ElgineePing, .four sections. The section you are rteading (Section' t Are the social consequences o'f engineering Milo- One) gives general inforination iknd some ideas for vations taken into sufficient' account? . advance planning. Section livo providessources and -11 W42.r..Hot and C4old ideas speCifically geared to each topic.*ction Three is. diVided into three listings: (1) a descriptive list of Has the costly prt,icassOl new .WeapOns 'develop-- agencies and organizations which you mi ht contact 5 ment become an end in itself rather than a means for materiaiS (books4amph1ets, filmS, an so 6n), as of preserving peace? well as.speakers; (2) a list of museums .offeringex- 12. The Goverfunent's Role in TeChnolpgical Change hibits and displays that deal with technology in one What areas of science and technology should be form or another; and,(3,I a list .of State Humanities fostered by our evernment, and how much Committees. Section Four is an annotated list.of films, fundny should be 'devoted to research and de- on the topics. .. VelOpment? -Nut Fire: letrospect sind Prowled The Cour.ses by Newspaper 13. The Mysioy of Inventivilidss What is the process of invention, and what, Program anSalling, should.be done tti control it? Courses-by Newspapet (CbN ) isa national program 14. Technology and the S,Omleis Web: originated and administered. by University, Exten-

-Ethical Dilemmas . sion, University of California, San Diego, andfunded AWhat are the ethical issues concerningour re- by the National Endowment for the Humanities. _Sponsibility to other, humans and the, natural CbN develops materialsifor college-levelcourses that environment 'brought about by the pace of tech- are presented to the general public through theco- nological instation? operation of newspapers, and participating colleges . . .. and universities throughout- theUnited States. . 15. Assessing jid Directing Technology Groups can participate in the programon sever, How can ie future course,of 'technology be chan.- 4" levels: thoseinterested can read and study thenewi neled ti improke _the lives of all humans and paper articles; they can delve into the topics further ensureteai-eful world?-. . with the Reader and Study Guide; they can enr011 for credit at any participating collegeor university ;" or Mt. they can attend programs sponsored by community Usiyig the Topicsto colleges and other organizations. PI n Programs In addition, this offering of CbN willbelinked.to a "television film series. Further panicipationis triere- A rogram based on the 'Connectionsi.Technology fore possible through 'watching thetelevision pro- Change topics can be offered'byany group: grams, reading the narrative volume by James Burke

4 A civic, religious,or social organization or 'dab. , . based on the television series, and reading theView- A college or university.or high school. er's Guide. A library., k. A Community Forumgroup (described on pages The Newsliaper Articles. The fifteennewspaper ar- in thiS section). ticles, each on one of the topics listed above, willrun A group meeting can take manyforms:town meet-. weekly in hundredS- of newspapersacross the'nation ing, lecture, round table, panel,group disissioh, beginning in September, 1979. Each 1250-wordar- film or slide presentation. Itcan be held anywher: in ' tide tells something about the historical factorsin- , someone's living room, ina hall, in a museurn,iin volved in the issues at hand, describescontemporary --elassroOm, cm a-tawno-rout-irrthelicith -thinking ;-ou brings- up- questions-for-the- future: ,r . 'The Those attending may heyoung or old, of varying au t hors of the articles are schcillri-s whokire specialists educational -levels, from many occupations.If your' in technologxand change and who li:nowhow to write grOup is varied, its members can Providea stimulating . for general audi-ences... diversity of opinion arida fund-ofriCh anecdotal , raw Although til articles are published weekly,You material to draw on for discussion.As leader, you need not run y ur tetings accordingto their Oiled, may want to look for opportunities to enlarge thepro- uled appearanCes idypur newspaper. You mightde- gram by joining with other groups or opening some cide to discuss hree of the articles at one meetingand meetings to the public at 'large. go off on a tatigent during another. L.* the articles .This SoUrce Book has been sPecially designed tO as jumping-gff places, adapting the toibies toyour asiist you in planning suchprograms. It is dividedinto etoup's c6ncerns.

5 A list of newspapers that will rim the articles is . graM presents prospectsfor the future. Contact your. local PBS station to obtain an exact schedule for the , avaikible .frorn Courses'. by Newspaper, University local air dates for the Co r -nection.s series. You might Extension X-002, University .of California. La Jolla,. CA 9203,4(714)452-3405.1f you tind that no news- want_ tO center some ofur meetings on the pro- paper near vOu is/Publishing the serie.S,, which is free., grams. If you wish to purchase the seriti or indi- you might)xant to. involve one,.CaIl (c011ect) or write vidualprograms in it, you may do'so by writing Time CourseS"by Newspaper and ask that information be Life IVJulti-Media, Room 3248, 1271 Avenue of the sent toyou or to ow newspaper editor r4onsib1e fo'r Americas, NeW York, NY 10020. The ten-prograM 0. making such detions. packafe is priced at $'6000 (film) and $.3000 (video). . IndiOual ,programs are priced at $750 (film) and The Reader. A rea or anthology,. Teehr,wiagy and $375 (video). Films may also be rented through Chtutget contains_ex'cerpts/froin books and 'journal versity film centers. To find out the one nearest you, and magazinearticles pertinent to the "ronnections- write th Time Life MUlti-Media, at the same address._

topics. You may wish to read part's of some of the. selectionsito the group or have members ofthe group Connections, a lavishly illuStrated.narrative vOlume,. presen; reviews and summaries.. Points of view ex-. Written by James Ourke and based on the television pressed in the selections can serve as focal points for series, is available as part cif the educational package discussions or debates. from Boyd & Fraser at the above address. ..'The Viewer's Guide ties Majo1 r themes in t4 tele- The Study Guide. Designed for stddents taking the vision sEries y-1,6e newspaper articles and the articles course for college .credit (but usefuf to .anyone), the in the Reader, It is available .from IlOyd & Fraser, Study Guide relates the- newspaper and anthology articles, highlights important concepts, artel provides self-test questions aad suggestions for eSsay assign- merits. It is a valuable source of background material' Who Else Is Involved ? for diseu4sion leaders. The Reader and Stedy Opide Befeleyou plan Your meetings, find out if other are available in a combined edition. groups in the community are involved iia prograM -based on the thpics in Connections: TechnotoV4Md on. Change. You dlight 'want to engage in coOperative - Use the coupon on the back coverof this book efforts with them, or initiate a combined Program, to order these materials by mail or write to: Colleges. Many colleges are offering the course, Boyd& Fraser Publishing Company Connections: Techtwlogy and Change, for credit or 3627 Sacramento Street %, noirredit. Ifa college-near youdoing so, you may San Francisco,' CA 94118 want to suggest that members of your group attend Discount priees are available forgroups. classes, or you may want to go as a group to special 4 All orders must be prepaid, meetings to which the public is invited..0ften colleges present speakers or films related totheiopics: A list of participating colleges and universities is available from Courses by Newspaper, University Extension The BBc-TV/Time Life X-002, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, Television Series: (714) 451.3405. Community Forums. As with, past courses, Courses. CONNECTIONS by Newspaper's series serves as the basis of cornmu- Beginning the week of SepteMber 30, 1979, the Pub- nitY programs planned by participating newspapers lic Broadcasting-Service will run a series of ten 50- and educational institutions. During IV77-,1978, CbN iniuttre teievicion programs Qn PBS stations througil- Forums. demostration community humanities pro- out the wuntrY, In the seriest BBe narrator and grams conducad at elpen community and junior col- producer James Burke relates techrrology and human lies throughout the country, provided,Opportunities values with wit and drama. The firit program. intro- fair citizens to discuss issues raised by the CbN articles duces the concept that techOological 'change occurs in and supplementary materials. response. Ur"triggers.7 In the nexteight programs, The forums were developed by the Ameriean As- Burke traces the evolution of eight moderninven- lociation of Community and Junior Colleges, with.*, tions so triggeredthe atomic borhb, telecommuni- grant from the National Endowment for the Humani- cationS, the computer, the 'preduction line, the jet .ties. Featuring a discussion period led by local experts aircraft, plastia, rocketry, and televisionfrom their and the college faculty, each forum waS designed to beginnings or earliest counterparts. Thc" tenth pro- involve all facets 6thoth college and cotninunity..Free

6 .6 and'open to the pubitc. the forums were accompanied Skimming through this Source Book in advancecan by additional features stich as dramatic presentatiA save you many headaches, Practically speaking, it's a film series.television and radio broadeasts, derfion- good idea to write f'4i: materials andarrange fOr strations, book revieWs, library exhibits, .and locally speakers and tilni showings at leasta month in ad- prepared articles.' '! vance. NVhen arranging for speakers, try whenever During 1978-1979 representatives 'fromover 400 pcissible to contact local branelies of nationalorgan- community -colleges attended workshops-at various izations and gevernment agenciesit willsave time. locations across the country to learn howto dev.elop Consider asking local people to speak or participate itonimunity forums based-upon CourseS by.News- in panel discussionsindustrial leaders (arid work- paper topics and Materials] The Mformation andma; ers),pusinesspeople, union personnel, museum oft- terials distributed at the',.'woikshops "are:available cialS, educators. The peoole you ask neednot be in from the Community Foruins Officeat the AMerican the public eye Or high-in a hierarchy. (Who knows ASso.ciation of ComniunitY 'and Junior' Colleges. For .rnore about the effects of technologythana Worker coPies of the Community .Forunis 'PlanningPacket, displaced by a new machine or an elderly person whO. case studies, and 'other print'and videomaterials-de-. has been an eyeWitness to the coining of aTechnologi- signed to facilitate the 'presentation of. local 'forum cal A.v?) Check.with your librarian (because librar- programs,- contact: plane Eisenberg, Director, ies are often ,clearinghetiSes for the community) and Community Foruins.Office, AACIC, 'OneDupont with educational institutions .(including college de- Circle, N.W.Suite 410, Washington;.DC 20036,or partments such as Economic, Political Seience, His- call (202) 29377050... tory, Sociology, and PhiloSophy), ,as well as in the yellow yages of the telephone book for possible .Museunts. .The American Association of Museunis ?speakeirs and, representatives of concerned organiza- will be actively cooperating with Ccitirses.by News- tiOns. paper's piograrn,connectiOps:,Technologyand.. Change. Information about the CbN program..Idea. Arranging for Nblidty. ,To involve.the community Kits, brochures, and other materials haVebeen serlr' in your program; you.will want to domore than send to member institutions so that they know abiatit the out .meeting announcements to ylkurgroup. The best course _anti can plan exhibits and displays related to sources of publicity are the newspaper carrying.the . coursetopics. If your local museum hasnot receised CbN series and the PBS stationfeaturing the CON- these -materials, encouiage its directorto write-,to: NECTIONS series. To all media, supplya schedule of American .Association of Museums, CultUralServ- group meetings, anootated with,special.mentiorizif ices Grotto, Boi'241, New. York,'NY 10024. outstanding events (speakers, films, andso on), Arid 'plan for press -releases. Encourage mediacoverage Libraries.Public libraries throughout the -1.jnited of sesSions. Other ideas: putup posters (available .States are offering prograins basedon Connections: frorn Courses by Newspaper) anci leave handoutsin Te4nology and Change topitS. Afew model projects libraries, educational institutions; supermarkets,and hake been funded With. National Endowment for the laundries. Humanities grants awarded bYthe American Library 0 Asiociation. TheSegrant funds can be used for pub-." For College instructors hefty, hiring, speakers, rentingor buying.films, and other programexpenses. Youmay wish 'to work with Courses by Newspaper encourages college jnstruc-' your_ library to develop a program or join with the tors to enrich their classroom sessions andto hold library Staff in cosponsorship ofone or more Meet- additional meetings, beyond thetwo required contact ings.. To find out if a fibraq nearyou is planning an seisiOns, with their students. In order to.maintainthe ALA-NEI-17 sponsored Connections: Technology and flexibility of the program, however, it issuggested Change prograin, write to Peggy O'DiOnnell, Project 4.that these additional meetings be optional. Youmight Director, =American Library.- Association4I 50 East want to consider opening some of them ty thegeneral 7711Cirt.5tf.ithkag-O.:1L 60ftil . This Source Books should be of aid in suggesting prcigraint ideas, pOssiblesources for speakers, and Advapce Plapning films that can spark lively discussions. Donot over- look colleagues, inyour own.Or other departments, Sending Away for Materials and Coutacti4 Speak- why might bring a variety of perspectivesto this inter- ers. Strt planning your program as soon as possible. disciplinary Course.

f 1

1 SEO3NTwo Pi-ogram $uggestidns

All the "suggestions in this section lire only idea- -meeting formats are suggestedpanel discussions, generatorS. springboards. jumping-off-places. Your small-group activities, debates, speakers, films, best sources of ideas are the people in your grouP--L- trips "into the field." They have been intentio from them should come life experiences, a variety-of' designed to involve the group actively inwhat is going opinions, and suggestions for things to do. So adapt, on. For some meetings, you might want toconsider change; and select from the'S puree rook as you Wish. inviting people outside your own group. Of course, thlere are far too many programs suggested..' For field trips---7to a factory or museum, for ex- for brie group to use a. number of ideas have been 'ample be sure to set specific goals and to end with a included for each topic so that you will have a choice. discision that tiest*experience of the trip to tiie The Background for each topic inchides some sug- ' topic at hand. If yoit have askedsomeone else to le0 .gestions for reading. from,the anthologx, as well the excursiona factory 'manager, for example from books and periodicals ayailabth in most librar-,' give thot person an indication of what your purpbses accdrdingly. ies. You miglIt want to summarize these for the group are so that he oeshe can plan comments or bring them to meetings to share. In addition, you In several instances, program suggestions include may have handouts and other materia s you,haVe ob- writing scenarios. If your group has had no experi- tained from the or4aniz4tiens listed iSection Three. ence with this, exp4 tbat people make up. scenar- And if all this is not enough, haunt ,your library for iosimaginative scenes or story plots about' what more. Articles and bosks are being written all the might ,happen in the futureall the time. Suggest time on topics related to technology. Consider clip- smile simple ones: What.will happen if my car breaks ping feature articles 64 technology from your news- down? Vhat will happen if X is elected aspayor? For paper, particularly 'articles of local, interest.involve most groups, it is-probably best to keep scenarios in the form of narratives, perhaps set up as diaries of members of the group in Illoking for niaterial, alsb. fictional people caught in time niachines or visiting a Suggested Discussion. Questions art, of course, place after a long absence. If altsmativeAnarios just, thatadapt them to the needs and interests of seem desirable .("best-worst"; in 20 years,in' 30 yolir group. ;.. years; etc.), you might consider assigning each alter- . In Program Suggestions ,and Resources, several native to a small sub-group of five or six people. _ 1 Technology on Trial

is only dirough our collectiv auu :)wyobiens concernin tohnologic 1 advance and its cultural effectScan b Bark

fla

, Wiped out by weedkillers, dandelions are becominga be") into operation. Joan Jennings provides son& rarity in England. "It won't be long beforewe details in "Human Scale Industry: The Idea Grows in children.asking what a dandelion is," said a reptripi- England," (Organic Gardening and -Farming, July, 4 tative 'from London's Kew Gardens, where digle- 1976, pageS 26-29). lions recently went on exhibit. .Groups in Ent; land . Has the United States turneil hostile to technologi., starteda campaign to save the onee-hated Weed! cal innovation? A revision of Federal TColicy On indus- Background A trial researctrand developing and innovation, is dis- cussed in an article in Business Week. ("ifanishitig From the Courses by Newspaper Reader ' Innovation," Business Week, July 3; 1978, 'tages 46-49) *See "Are We Really in.Control?" by Barry Com- moner; "The Technique of Total Control" by Lewis Stewart Brand, the creator of Whole Earth Cata- Mumford;- "The Technological Order" by Jacques' log, explains his views on space colonies and "appro- Elhil; "In Praise of Technology" by Samuel C. Flor- priate technology'.'in an interview with Wade man.. Greene. (Wade Greene, "The Selling of Soft Tech," Psychology Today, NOvember, 1978; pages 70-78, From Popular Periodicals 120) "TechnolOgy and TeehrkilOgy.. Assessment" is the Books to Review. subject of thyall 1978 issue ol National Forum, The . Phi Kappa Phi Journal. Individual articles deal with In.TechaolOgy and Social Shock', Edward B. Lailv- judging tI4 appropriateness of technOlogy, technol- ,less documents *45 case histories of controversial ogy in the futUre. the *pact of, teelmology on work, prOblems engendered by science and technology. ethical problems resulting from neW technologies in (New Briinswick, N.J.; Rutgeis University Press, the fields of dtrath and dying and medical research, 1977) and nuclearenergy. (National Forum; Fall 1978. If Samuel C. Florman's articulate examination of the not available in your library, this journal may be ob- role of the engineer in contemporary society in The, tained for $1.X per ci*y by writing National Forum, Existendal Pleasures of Engineering confronts the,ar- Box 1942A, East Tennessee State University, John-. guments of the anti-technologists. (New York: St. son City. TN 37601.) - Martin's Pres.% 1976) The ambiguous message oft movies like Star Wars Encouruers of the Third Kind mirrors our Suggested Disctission Questions ambivalent' attitudes about technology, says Carll Tucker in "Our Love-Hate Affair with Technology." What are some recent disclosures of 'dangers in Though technocrats seem to be responsible for dam- technology that have existed for Some time but have aging the earth, we're dependenton them. "For . only recently been revealed? ,(Consider effects of eVery wonderful achievement, technologyseems to radiation and asbestos on workers, flanunability of deal us an equivalent kick in the shins." (Saturday urethane foam.) Why did it take so long for the news Review, December 10, 1977, page 80) to leak out? Our attitudes toward technology reach two polari- .fn whaftvays has technOlogy saved lives that other- ___Ires (.1) 2.13Unitierse is _there for us fo exPloit, _which wise_w_ould hav e. been lost 9 ads to the collapse oriin vouds-#solharin the end rio you agreilliat te-CliriO14Y-Tii-iiii5Ving-tOTO7fast7 e manipulate humans., too, thiough social engineer- How is it affecting govecnmen't ageneies? Institutions nig, and (2) wç can control technolOgy if we uSe it for like marriage and religion? Educatioe'Work? Rec; more humane social purposes. ("Technology's Effect reatiOn? on American Society," Intelkct, May, 1978, pages. Describe the stages AmericanS have gone through .441-442) * I , \ in "their love affair with technology in the last thirty us Efforts are being made in England eoput "appro- years. Why do some of us seem sour on technology .!. priate tecimiogy" ("Whatlican be smaller should'', now ?.

9

4 Prognun Suggestions and Resources lives, government regulation related to technological . advance, the idea that "less is =ie." (putting the lid ,. , la the kleadlistb. Anilyze' a Current'newspaper to on overuse of technologiCali nnovations and energx). ... . , determine.. how many stories could not have.appeared ' , ten o,r. twenty. years ago because they are based on Out of Control?' Ask the groupto debate the ques- ', e' modern technology. (Exainples: coMputer fraucl,'dis- tion of whether or not technology is'out of control."

putq oyer weapons,i4tc.).W,hat were the issues in the Getting Geared Up. Any One Of the films suggested. 4 '! dews then as compared to now? in,"The Poetry kf Technology in the FilmOgraphy Tape Record a Time.Capsok. Ask members, of the (page 56). will serve as an excellent introduction to group these questions: How has technolograffected the topic, and should ,generate a lively discassion. your life.? How much should it be, controlled? How Is It All Dj Vu? Show ,Thif;stery of the Anasazi, can we solve the. problemsi,t, causes? Taperecord\, which reaches the 'conclusion that, North America's Tdig to be played at their answers and save the ,first city-dwellers, the Basket Makers and St9ne Age the last meeting. People of the Ana§azil may have been forced toleaye Less Is More. More Is Mote, , Invite an economics e ',their land after they used up. all their .natpral re-- pert, a scientist or technologist', a busihessman,..and a sources. Invite an anthropologist and an economist to )igh-school drop-out to take part in a panel'. Ask , discuSs the film, and ate questions it raises about them to diScuss the effects of technology on th,eir \ moderntimeswith the memhers of the group.

A. 2. Sileht'Revolutions

technolok: is first and foremoSea 'humanity.' lichnologies are not created

by nature or by elves' in, the Black forest....They.... posenew human options,' create new human pplibiiiinities,,an.d doming- new human answerS. Technology liberates..."Peter F. Drucker . / When Queen Victoria asked Michael Faraday of tool, not a panacea," he say;, and callS for researcti what poSsible use his new.. diScoveries in electricity groups to predict and "defuse" future catastrophes ° and magnetism Might be: his answer was, "Madame, that might result from technology. (New Republic,. of whal use, is a baby?" January 22,1977, pages 21-22) Backgroupd The entire March, 1977 issue of Science, iS devoted to theelectronics revolution. Several articles deal Frork the'Coursei by Newspaper Reader witlf-the technical aspects of computers. However, other; deal with the effects of the "reVolutam" on See ',Pie First:Technological ReVOlUtion and Its communications, the' workplace, education, medi-: Lessons" bY Peter F. Drucker.',; "The Industrial Revo-. eine, and defense: (Scienee, March,, 1977) lution" by T. S. Ashton ; "TechnolOgyand Culture in ess. Evolution" by J. Bronowski. In' "How 'Technology Will Reshape Life 'in the Years Ahead," research and possible future effects of Front Popular Periodicals compuiers, transportation innovations, and mbther Iri,nthe labor shortage of the Revolutionary War t chnological advances are discuised. (U.S. News era, American women ran farms and 'engaged in aM World Report,oVembei 28,1977, pages 62-68) 'trade. The advent of the factory in the first half ofthe "What Life Wil ,Be Like in the 1980s" examines nineteenth centu'ry did not bring womenfurther eco- the effects of tech ology on the lives of the ordinary -nomic freedom. as might be suspected, but instrad citizen, government planner, seholar, business per- -fou:4-0-thei:mback intb the _house_ In_an merpt froni_ son-. ST-News and-World ReprkDecember-26, theiebook Rsmemberthe Ladies': Women in America, 4972, pages 75786) .1750-1815, Linda nthan't de Pauw 'and K. Conover Huh\ tell the story. (Ladies' /form Journal, 'July, Book's to Revie* . 1,976 page30). How much has the development Of humankind beeninfluenced by the invention of tools and the con- Carl Sagan, .in "In Praise of Science and,Technol- -*ogy," nnders the often unforeseen impact of inven- _quest of nature? Lewis, Mumford's answer is that we Lions on the character of society. Technologyjs .Jive exaggerated the importance of technology to the .

10 , ascendaney of men amj women an.earthi, thatwe are potential of television to eduate,television's 'effect .not rultdby` the machineas inUch' as some experts ofT developing nationi, the possibility that television would have us tlelieve. and "it-other factorsreli-:,4t. might be.a factor. in, the creation of a "world rtirrid,"--4 gious.and irrationalhave been highly significant, the role 'efficient communication could p!ly insaving even in science: (Lewis Mumford, The.'Myth of ihe energy. The debate might.. feature a spokesperson Machine. New York:, Harco ri Brace Jovanovich,. from a television network anda member pf a parent-. inc.. 196O1.. te-aeher's organization that ishoitileto television. A Earth Abides, a scienee fiction novel, chronieles the' professor of communications lea local community enormous changes Wrought by the Slow collapseof college might seive as n4lerator. complex technology on one, family which survivesa The Computer Revolution'. Aska panel of people, world catastrophe (fatal epidemic). AsMachines--dnd some of them members of .the group, to discuss the systemsinoulder andrjist into dysfUnction, each suc- iMpact of the coniiiitefon their lives. Even in small ceeding generation becomesmore primitive than the tovs thelomputer has had a piofodnd influenceon last. (George Ft.Stewart;" Eath Abides. Boston:. everyaaysystems: the bank, th,F school, the post Houghton Miftliin ('ompany. 1949) office; the library, the farm. ReiSesentatives of g those :I systems might compare notes ;Ind predict future de- 'Suggested Viscaiiion Questions' velopments in computer use. &the Olden Dstyi: .Moie than twa-thirds ofthe in- What modern inVentions have startedsocial revo- ventions MoSt influential inthodern lifewere created lutions on a' scale.comparableto those..begun by the after 1850. People afive today _haveseen extreine sewing maehine (Consider miniaturized.circuitryor change in patterns of society becauseof-41*e inven- 'copying machines.) What wouldlife, have been, like. tion!: e.g.; the automobile, telephOne, jet' plane. r without those inventions? Conveng a panel of people of various- ages,,tO tell Do you agree with, Drucker'sstatement: "What about the technological adancej they have Witnessed these exaMpieS,show ,is...that technolOgY is not in theirlifetimes. How W!as an 'average day twenty- sornytliMg outside of4;ocietY.,Itis,sodety itself:7 Ex- five years:ago different from an 4verage'day today plain your answer. just because of-technology? Haveone member ofthe Why has society tefusedtoaccept certain recent panel research the piedictidns of the World of ToMor- technological advances like the Pioiurephone, the row at the 1939 World's Fair,Which predictions have .,came to pass? Which did,n6t? Why? SST: electronic suPermarket checkoutsWhy has it , on the other. hand,so readily embraced such devices Of loyonten and Isfen.,/kAca. group, ofwomenTpro- as CB radio and the microwave oVen? fessional, blue-collar .y:orker, housewiiestotalk Discuss the Iong-ran0, effects ofsome keyinven- about the signifiCance of technology in their lives tions: barbed wire, the, jet engine,and radio. Can marriage ,Avork, motherhood. What, problems, ;de created by technology? ,What problems ar`e soived bY ,rechnology provide decentralizatiOn of, foodand en-. erg), supplies, or is. Our society top complex for that? it? Is there a net gain or net loss? As counterpoint,a' group of men might comp-are notes On how the revo- lution in wopen's lives has affecte&them, Progran3 Suggestions, and Resources Him Different? -View the film bld,Treasaies franz t New China. Follow ihe filM witha discusSibn on hOw. Television; Anger of Devil? Debatethe intrinsic a's :`silent revolUtions" differeffrom those.in worth of television as a medium. Consider: the pos.- the whY. Compare the roles Ofwomen as sible passivitc engenderetl by television watchingthe relatd ro technologiCal advance in thetwo cultures.

# -

V g 10.

31How TercriblyTechrucall s ;* The traditional answer to _iporant domination.by technologires is eduaitiot.t, bits it is still onlypar.tial olution,, to arLirrivaing andlesperate problein." 'Derek deSolla Price . . , t " r A computerprogram set up to traitslate scientific re- States? Elise Bouldingand Jean Driscoll discuss thii ports re.ndered the Eng lish phrase "hydraulic rani" as question in."Toward a New "K,ind Of Hunian Being." - ."water sheep" in Russian: . (Current, May/June,1976, pages 9.-15) , lisiskground .f tiookato Review, +mai tke:cburses. by NeWspaper Reader People. like Paul..Ehrlich, Linus Pauling, B. 'di', Sec,* "The 'AllSeeing Eye" by LeWis Miimford `Skinner, Carl Sagin, and Barry Commoner"the "What CompLitcrs Mead tbr Man and Societyby . visible scientists"are articulate showmen, with Herbert A. Simon', ."The Citadel di. EXpertise" by strong retations 'asscientistS and strong opinions, Theildore koszak. which the7discuss,,-- Mnesvspaper intervieKvs, in popu- . 4F lar books, an Ialk shows. Their impact onpublic Frorp Puu1arPeri opinio enormous, Rae Goodell traces the de- ,The avera&sperson mystified by technology often pment of, this phenomenon from the 1960s, failS to bc, much enlightened by books for the layman when, she 'says, the advisory system between scienet that seek to explain the inner workings of technologi- and government began td fall apart. (The Visible Soi: Cal devices insimplelanguage. Fora tongue-in-cheek ehtists. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,.,1975) spoof of explanations for the.common than (including Techriophobiartlaims Hal penman, cbmes from delightfully murky descriptiong of the light "bulb and ignorance, and too many American citizens are tech- tLk1sion) set. "How Things Don't Work" by Mar- nolOgical illiterates. In this highly eniertaMing bOok, shall Brickman (New Times, January 9, 1,178, 94. pages - he argues that we are not inundated with new infor- '60761 mation as nluch as we may think (just the same in- Bally M. Casper, a prominent physicist, describes' formation over and over). and that it is possible for alternatiites to,: the often:secret alliances made by most people to understand enough of sviat's going on biirancrats and technocrats in long-range techno- in technblogy to deal with it. (Technophobia: Getting logical planning.' He calls for more democratic con- Out of t)eTechnologY, Trap. New York: M. Evans and,4 trot of technology- policy. ("Technology Policy and Company; Inc., 1976) 1)em6cracy," Science, October i, 1976, pages 29-34) The, arguments surrounding technological issuet are often complex, and the dangers of technological' uggested Discussion Questions advances are Often not apparent until years after they are put into Operation. Witness electromagnetic pol- Why does the material in scientific and technical lution, a. k.a.."electrical smogr ("The Flat) Over the joutn4ls so often' seem stiffly add obScurely written? Zap." Newsweek, July 17, 1978, page 87) Is this a &liberate attempt on the part of the experts to ke40 knowledge from the public? What other fac- Bucktninster Riper advocates a "cosmic" eccount- tors.might account for thestyle of these fournals? Of Ing system, involving a massive international power what valuetare scientificheihnical journals to the ex- grid, tO do away with inefficient use Of technology. perts? To society? ("Using -Kchnology for the Wdrld," Current, Sep- tember 1'976, paps 13-15) Is control of technology, be*nd the reach o the ' average person? Is it possible fOr the layman to make Time reviews The Entyclopedia of Ignorance, a intelligent decisions about technological-issues? How 450-page iolume about what human beings, scien- might such decisions be relayed to those in charge? tists among them, dOn't know. ("Outer Limits," Should. we force the disclosure of technological se- Time, January 9, 1978:Page 60) crets? , Before the Inilusulal Revolution, women showed Does increased specialization automatically close they were capable of hard work by laboring up to six- out the possibility of broad understanding of tech;iol- teen hours a day on farms. Why,,then, were they not ogy by everyone? Is there, in other words, just too more readily accepted as factory workers when the much compleKity, just too much to understand? What first mills were put info operation in gie United can be done toIncrease technological literacy?

12 .throw light on some of the issues brought Up in Price's The Quei4i0 of Conspiracy. Onc .often hears that Two Sides; Industrial processes the seintdic/technologisal elite74s.eonductinga con- can be .dangerous to spiracy.: to keep .inforination trim the public. Is this workers. Ntylear energy plants may not be defensible in ternis of huinan safety. On isSues like these, the idea paranoid .or ,basedon reality? Engage the grOup evi- 'in adebate on the question o(such a COrlpiracy dence to back opposing sides Of the debatemay be it" 'difficult to underst real? The debate might be Led bya scientist and a d. and evaluate. Ilivite aspeaker from an, orglniA e;Or industry to defend an indus- member eonsunier or citizens' group (suchas the 'League Lif Women Voters). trial process or'nuclear energy plant ftoni the attack by' another Sptiaker from 'an opposing group.-Allow i:xplanations.Ask someone from a ,specializcd enough time to analyze the argUments. How has each fieldperhaps a member of the group--- to-explaina ,speaker arranged statistics to show.his/her position in Work-related process 'in layman's 'terms. Does the the-best light? Did either use deliberately vagueor. person havi: difficulty? If so, ask him/her to tell why, Obscure tanguage.? Can the averageperson reach 'an Do such explanations, no matter how clear, leave intellige.nt decision on the- issue after hearing the something to be desired in terms .of absoluteaccu- 'speakers, does one have to be an expert.in order to. - racy? do so? Science Museum. Science.muscums often offerstep- The Status Quo. After showing the fihn The Starry by-step explanations, cutaway models, working Messenger, Which porlrayg the rejeCtion of new, ideas models,, audiovisual shows.- and. other 'devices' that by. the establishment of Galileo's day, discuss: What make it easier for the non-expert to.understand tech- scientific ideas and technological innovationsare be: nofogical processes. A visit to suCha museurn7--- ing rejected by iarious establishments today? Why? during,..which .the museum's explanatory techniques You Migh.aSk a tecluiolOgist ofvientistto lead the,' as well .at the display:S themselves are analyzedcan discussion: , . .

4 Occupational Dest6ies

'1v$`'Ordkers do not typically wefrOine innovations in production technology. Jar from it. Nor are they misurnen in tl,wir apprehension.yaboutnew . Joseph C. Gies

-thenthe ChiCago factory robot dyde thraaw porate boards of directors in European countriesand broke down, his human c7o7workerssent hirn,flowers. not in the United States. ("The Heresyof Worker Participation," Psychology. Today,February, 1977, Background page 111). t From the Courses'. by Newspaper Reader The Scanton Plan, an incentivesystem for workers with boring See "Dynamo and Virgin Reconsidered" by Lynn s as been implemented at the Dana Corporation, i :White,' "Jr.; "Worker Alienation"by, Gary Brynner produces car and truck parts. and Dan Clark: "Automation". Dana Corporation has highly automatedassembly by Marshall Mc- lines and a closed-circuit television Luhan. , communications

. , system. The bighly successful results ofthe Scanlon Front Popular,Pitiodicals Plan are diicussed in "How to KeepWorkgatiappy Current ways of dealing with worker frustration on-the Job."1 U.S.News and WOrld Ripon, Decem- caused by "empty jobs" (which, in turn,are at least ber26, 1977/January 2, 1918,pages 85=-86) partially the result of technological systems) include An exploration of the question giving workers a ,voice in job and,management de of occupational boredom, 'often broughton by technology; yields .cisions, providing more tkxible work schedules, ere- some,surprisinganswers, according to U.S. News and ating worker. committees 'and workteams. A. World RePort. ("Those 'Boring' Raskin discusses why iabor union often JobsNot AllThat oppose such' Dull r ,/Vews and:World Report,.December 1, measures rind why workers. are represented OncOr-; 1975, pages (4p5)

gis 13 When American vorkers toured factories in Swe- It is passible to perform many,bOring and Oanger- qen, they 'expressed some iniggivin&s about Sweden's ous tasks with sophisticated robots', yet robots are not . net,v me.thods. (-Doubting Sweden's Way," Time, widely used ih industry, even though in the long run March a), 1975, page 46) they are more economicalthey don't take coffee Why are so many working %Omen confined to.the breaks and will wdrk',24-hOur shifts. Why not.?" -employment ghetto"? How .re4 is women's free- What is-the relatiOnship between Jabor shortagis dom from long hours of housework, which was'won- (and surpl4ses) and societY';attitude toward techno-

. .,by technology? How ,can the problems of working idgical advances? women be solved? Some answers are given in a.. Newsweek article% "Women at Work:77 (NeWsweek,- 'Program guggestions and Resources December 6, 1976, pages 68-70) - Oa the 'Scene. Arrange for the group toavisit a fac, In West Germany. labor resists automation. Die tory. Have the factory foreman point mit the presence Zeit's econoMics.editor analyzes some of the factors of modern technology in the form of machines, as- involved. (H. lungblut, "Technology and ,Unem- sembly lines, and other devices and systerug. How ployment," Atlus, October, 1978, page 56) have these technological systems increased produc- Books to Review tivisy? How many unSitilled workers are employed in the factory now as compared with ten years ago? The trehd in Europe and America is- toward in- Twenty years ago? How has the composition of the creasing productivity,' worker pride, and job satisfac- work force chang44because of technology? tion through changing or eliminating -dumb jobs" have these changes affected relations with the urnI5n, .and the dehumanized assembly line. Some jobs have if there is one?. disappeared becinise of automation or .are being .handled by mchanical robots. The trend has affected Tote. That Barge, Lift ale. Invite two psychol- the labOr force, factory design, and management de- ogists to debate the queitio: Human beings 'need to asions, (Paul Dickson, The Future ofthe Workplace: work to be happy. Considerations: boos it matter if The Coming Revolution in Jobs. New York: Wey- the work is salaried? Does the work have, to be bright and Talky, 1975) meaningful? Do some people like their jobs to be . . boring? Work in America is a large-scale study of the effects on workers.of workplace conditions. (U.S. D.epart- SenaW of Man. Convene a panel composed of a ment of Health, -Education and Welfare. Cambridge, corporation manager, a union leader,,a governnieht Mass.: MIT Press, 1972) representative, a worker. Lead a disculsion about the place of technology in business and industry. Does

. Suggested. Discussion Ouestions productivity always supersede wdrker satisfaction as a priority with businessmen? Should sOme techuo- By increasing productivity, technology has caused logical advances be delayed? How can ,business-or- a shorter workday. What .problems has this created? ganizations be changed 'to increase worlier satisfac- How might those problems be solved? Is,it possible tion in spite of boredom created by technology? that people will relegate work to 'a less important As It WaS lad Is. View the film Inheritance, which place in their lives and find ego satisfaction else- compares the work of three artisans and .three Mod- ,where? Or w It work have to change to 'suis the ern assembly lines. Following the film, an old-time workeT?: craftsman might discuss how technoloaical- change What psychological needs are violated.by techno.- has (or has not) affected his work': Possibilities: a logical advances like specialization, scientific man- piano tuner, a shoemaker, a tool-and-die maker, a agement, the moving assembly line? seamstress, a cabinet-maker. Culture. The Link 'Between Natureand Tecirology

." People wish to keep their custdins, iradiiii* religions,langunges,_artkand literatures. Many of these aril irnimately'conCerned with t:beiFanitudes.toward their natural surroUndings wulththeir tools, whether they are computers or .digging Sa. ks ."ClarenceGlacken

Centuries ago,. the Aztecs developed *chinampa, illustrate an articleon the .complexity of our inter- system of agriculture in which water channelssepa- dependent world. One of the factoo explored rating plots of ground were connected is tech- to anirrigation nology: (AleXander king., -Reporton the Planet, network from higher levels. Rich.mud frorn the chan- 1975," Hwnan Nature, December,1978, pages nel bottom was used to nurture seedlings.This an- 77783) cient system, ecologically benign, is beMgconsidered by modern agricultural expertsas a new'teetnology to Rooks to Review replace deStructive slash-and-bum faiminrinwhich InSilent 'Spring,Rachel Carson calls attention to trees are burned and crops plantedamong the ashes. the conSequences of chemical pesticides for thenatu- Background ral environment. This book was instrinbentalin. launching the envirdnmental movement. (Boston: Houghton MiffIM,,1962) From the Courses by-Newspaper Reader , See "Nature and 'Culture in Western Thought" /For a comprehensivAork On the effects of human by beings on modification of the natural environnient, Clarence J. Glacken; "Environmental Pollutionin . seeMan's Role in Changing the Face' of the Earth, the Middle AgesTby Jean Gimpel; "The NewEnvi ronvntal Attitude" by Rene Dubos.. edited by William L. Thomas, fr. (Chicago.: Univer- sity of ChicagO Press; 1956).,.' .Froad Popular Periodicals / Suggested Discusiion Questions -,Deforestatio nd encroaching deserts instiritu Santo, Southmerica, are throwing the g °system A recep.t -concept Of. ,the world as a total fragile off balance. The results, discuved in "Deforestation ecosystem was contained in the phrase. "Spaceship and Disasier," include the disappearanCe of 450 Earth," popularized by ecologists. Is that concept still eties of plants afid204.species of birds Vanincrease in k .valid? How does it differ from the ideas of the envi, Ithe number of pests 4,9d parasites .,.andmore skin ronment held by many people MI6 1800s and early -tlani'er in the peOple,, whoare not'useel to so mueh 1900s? Has technology chaiNed it? How? sun.' (Time, May 22, 19781.page 05 ret Do you agree with people*who say,that "necessity The possibilities of using aneient- IndianmethodS is the mother of invention," that nature sets problems 'of agriculture.are diseussed..inan article:in Hwnan for people td splve through technological and other Nature ("Aztec AgricaltureHUman Nature, Janu- means? What evidence of this.exists? What evidence ary, 1970, page 15): refutes it? In "The-Barbarian Within," Harper'seditor Icewis In the San 'Joaquin Valley in 'California, modern 4. H. Lapham takes a long view of the soft technolog's irrigation methods are beginning to turn fertile lands of our time.. (Harper'X'Magazin44ebruar).,1978 into desert In more primitive. areas of the world, the The' question of hOw to tailorenergy programs to cutting down of trees for fireWood is also bringing the speeific cultural: preferences ofan underdevel, desertificatiOn. Of course, technology-damages the, oped cOuntry is/explored byrJapet Raloff'in. `tThe earth in other waysair pollution, for example. Third World NeedS. Energy, Toa." (Science News, -,.What are some of those damagink practices? How lober 8. 19'711,- pages 234,235) -can detrimental effects af-teehnology-on the environ- . . ment be, avoided? 0\ Tke extent/to which the culture of Japan hascon- ttibuted to ifie.successful utilization of 'technologyin Prognun Suggestions 'and Resources That i.x.)u4y is discussed.by John H. Douglas. in "Japan* Science and Technology (I):The Coming Artificial Nature.Environmentalists bald varying Challenge." (Science Newi, December3, 1917 page* opinions on the management of wila lands. What is 378-311) -the natUral life of an estuary? Is thereanyreason to_ prolong its life artificially? What happens toa piece of computer. model of a. world system is used to. wilderness shrunken ,bY encrOaching urbanization?

15 4 4

nvite anb.iroii taIist to discuss with the,group a river, lake, catiYonAi; beach. Observe, withsan the, qUestion How rn should we interfere in natu- enviionmentalist rA. natural scientist, the wayS in ral proceSses.to. maintWii wilki lands in a seemingly which technology has changed that natural feature. natural State? Does it need to bc restored? Through. what techno- Culture and NatureThe Chicken or the Egg? How logical means might that be ascompliShed? ,.do cult ure and nature interact.in present-day societi4 Take a Position. In his article. Glacken discUsses two in.4he United States:-L in 'cities, on farms, op Indiat opposing streams of thoUght; an Ptimistic belief that rese.rvations, in national parks? Invite a panel .te, science and technology can ma ge'the environment . discuss .this: an anthrop-ologist,- an agriculturaLex- "indefinitely for 1:ontinuing human use" and a pessi- pert, a soCiologist, and a technologist. mistic belief that nature's delicate balances are,.too easily destroyed by fallible human beings With "only Walk on the Wild Side.After viewing the film partial knowledge of extremely complex interrela- takelt field trip through a section of your tionships." ASk the group to take opposing sides area where there is an obvious naturalfeature suCh as (optimistic and pessimistic) to debate this issue.

6 The Influence of Societal Values

"7echru4ogical activities are initiated to meet Social needs.'The crUcial question, then, is how are social needs.determined. In America the traditional answer has been market demand."Edwin T. Layton, Jr. p. ..13y.1926, the practical, black Model T Ford began to The lack of market acceptance t at can cause a loSe its popularitythe American public wasbecom- technological innovation to fall flat on its face is ana- ing interested in Comfort and gOod ldoks iIa car. lyzed in "What Went Wrong? Anatomy of Failuk.s."' Ilene), -Ford, unbelieving at first, .came(id terinS with (Science News, NoveMber 27, 1976, page 343) to ilie... new trend and produced the more liixurious. Are the. American people likely to adopt tele- Model A, nicknames "the bAy Lincoln," Ufiailatite conferencing.through,telephOne and television as a in Niagara blue, Arabian sand, Dawn grey, arid.Giin-. replacement for the business trip? It's more economi- metal blue. cal in termstof time and money, but, according to Ned Buckground Potter, "not likely to catch on with us regular human beings." Alo4 with a quick rundown of break- .Froin.the Courses ti* Newspaper Reader throughs in communication made possible through fiber Optics,this article describes Peter Goldrnark's ,Sce." Do Machines Make History?" by 1;;-.)13ert L.. concept of NRS (New Rural Society) which could Heilbroner";. "Technology asErNirohmentnby Wil- technologically, if not popularly, come to pass once liaM F. Ogburn; "TeChnological Change1d Social this technological innovation is perfected. (Ned Pot- Change" by George H. Daniels. ter, "The New Phone Age," New York, December From Popiilar Periodicab 18, 1978, pages 64-66) Is our mania for convenience causing waste prob- Books to Review lems? Is it' true they "just don't make them like they 14Social Change with Respect to Culture and Origi- used to'"! The planned obsolacence of ho).LsehOld ,Nqtwe, William F. Ogburn Presents the theory of appliances and the marketing of throwaway, contain- "gjal 14," which postulatesthat society only gradu- ers add to the nation's solid waste problems.Denis ally adapts to changes created by technological inno- Hayes, a-senior researcher with the Worldwatch Insti- _vations_New Ydric, Viking press, Inc..._, 19211) tute, diseusseS ways in which technology can reduce, rather .than encourage waste in "Waste Not, Want The Arts in Moderri American Civilization, by John Not." (Environmental Action,. November 18, 1978, Kouwenhoven, is an analysis of how technology and art- in the United States were shaped by the Iniges 14-15) American experience (New York; W. W. Norton, Pressure from cOnsumers, refieCted in government Inc.: 1967) forcing Detroit automobile makers to produce smaller, cars, as diseussed in "Something a Suggested piticuusion Questions Little Smaller." (Forbes, JattuarY 22, 1979, pages We complain that the computer and other dee- 80-81) 1 iv

16 - tropic: devictes invadeour privacy, yet as a society we grCiup to whdt degree businesses tak.e do nothing to control these devi.ces. cUrrent popular In tact, we en- trends into account when &signingnew products and courage their uSe. Ars: we ambivalent about thisissue the ways in which the marketplaceis measuredand (and others that are similar)? DoWe, on some leyel.,A, manipulated. . want our privacy --,or at least. that of Otliers--:logt-to Seiling,the .Sizzle.' Collect machines'? Why? several brochures from,- . autoMobile agencies .for their leastand most 'expen- How are social needsreflected in the inventiorto'7, sive. cars.. With the" group that we adopt? Consider: the compare the .advertising need for closeness in an pitelieS for luxurycars withdlithose fdi economy alienated society (alienated cars., tosome extent because of 'How have,the advertisers respondedto needs? Cre- technology), the heed for immediategratification, for ated their!? speed? How have these needsbeen partially met by te.chnology? How did teChnology createthese needs? What Do You 'ee? .W11;:itinfinence will. soWetal values have on the technology What evidences of social lag of the future? Aska (society's slow adapta-'. panel consisting of.ii businessman, t ion to technOlogical change)are presently apparent? government repre- sentative, and worke to discussthis question. What How is society dealing with soeiallag?.What might be the end result of social lag? ;trends do they see7 ),low mightthey affect future. products? Have they beenwrong before in mpking Recently;. . therethas been much cOncernabout the such predicticThs? Whatcauses their fOrecasts to be "quality of life- in contemporarysociety. If tch,e ma 'invalid? ket economy' does not provide the best criteria_ fo`r and Function. j-lave the group directing technology, whatare the best criteria?, debate this issue: The functionalist ethic stilldetermines trends. Program Sugge4ioas aadResources -in American sOciety.Consider: architeeture (energy- NI. conserving vs, decorative), household.appliances and Ask the Person Who Makes jt.W4ich comes first %adgets, furniture, automotivedesign, etc. -. consumer desire or company product development? My. Mother'the Car. The How much does a business consider film Pqwer and:Wheels: the needs of the The AutomObile.in Modern'American Life can moti, consumer in deVeloping a new product? Inviteone or vate an intriguing diseussion more marketing executives from business and about the feelings of a rep- members of the group tOwards!theirears, the 'findis-' resentative fromaconsumer group to discusswith the 4 pensability"olkeict,their place in Theeconomy.

17-1F. S 7 Technology, Population, anct Resources

-.In the next four decades human heings will doubdessly,Atrain every nerve to support an everlarger. po.p4lation. If so, it will,demonstrare that the species. is N 001-smart hut goal-stupid, for nh purpose is servedhy +ding More people to an oVercroWded .kingSlev Davis

' Risk-benetit analysis is an attempt to place a mane- 970s was prOven wrong' ihWhat Happened to the t4 value op a human life. Its justification is that it is Population Bomb?" 'Still, population will rise to - 'better tôbe objective than sUbjective in setting gov- about 6.2 billion'in the World by 2000, they say, unless ernment priorities. The National Highway Traffic; something is done (Human Nature, January, 1,979, Safety Administration estimates the vque of a pfe at pages 88-92) S287,175. ,Booksio Review Background in TheTopuldtion BOrnb, written in,the la 960s, Paul R.hrlich argues that the root of the environ- , From the Onuses by Newspaper Reader menal crisis andthe world food problem iS too many see "The Migrations of Human Populationsy people, and calls for radical measureN to limit poljula- Kingsley 'Davis; "The Food-People Problem" ,by... ti'On growth. (New York: Ballantine, 1968) Neal F. Jensen; "-Intermediate Technolok" by, Wit- Will there be enolifood for the world's people? son dark. Only if large corporate interests return control of food production to the people and ensure that it is From Popular.Perio:dicals . . pr4erly distributed on a world-wide basi,s, say In "The Perversion of.Science and TeChnology: An Frances Moare jappt and Joseph Collins (with Cary Indietnient;" Rajni Kothari and Said' Mendlovitzao- Fowler) in Food First: Beyond the Myth oi Scarcity. directors of the World Order Models project,' attack ' (Boston: Hotighton Mifflin, 1977)' thetpractices of science and technology used by multi- nafional corporations and PoWerful industrial coun- Suggested Discussion Qnestions

tries. They callJoralternativ modes for science and .. technology with .4 commitn-lent to human rights and What have modern agricultural practices,done to the betterment of huVian niaterial,conditions. (Cur--.- the land? Are negative effects inevitable? it pos- rera, October., 1978, page,SiS4-'-58)/ sible to increase productiVity per acre wit out doing . , harm to the soil? The May 26, 1978-'issue of Science is oeNvotdd\ to :health isSues. Of intereSt to :,those ini,olved in the What does crowding do to human nature? To our Connectionset,ehnology and Change program is ides% about the value of human life? In what ways can ,1siutrition,opulation, and Health: Some ImpliCa; croWded cities reduce the alienation fe,IS by people tions for Policy,"which discusses how technology has who live in them? V 'affected birth rates, biOlogical and behavioral factors What are some of the ethical Problems raised by affecting health and nutrition, and government advancesin medicine thilt piolong human 'hie? Con- Policy-making ciinterning health'. (Beverly Winikoff, sider the effects on cieveloil and undeveloped na- "Nutrition, Population, and Health: Some Implica- tions. How do people in other attires kreat old .tions for 'PolicY," Science, May 26, 1978, pages 895- people whO Can no longer function? What .re Pos- 90 I) ' sible-(and -humane) solutiOns t6 the problems created World/Bank President Robert S. McNamara ex-, by an increasingly larger propoion of the aged in the population? ; amirt/es the problem Of overpopulation and what can. ., :be done,ahout it in -How to Defuse the Populatirin- What have been some of the Unforeseen effects of BoMb." ( Time, Oetober 24, 1977, pages,93-94) antibiotics? Pesticides? Will microorganisms outlast 4 Charles F. Westhoff gives some tentative answers more c mplicated forins ofliklike human beings? to yiltstions about possible responses of indUstrial: Whyn . . .. ized countries to a decrease in .population in "Mar- Program Suggestions and 'Besourees riage.and Fertility in the Developed Countries." (Sei- entifiC American, December, 1978, pages 51-57) Five Score Years and Ten. What if the human life Paul R: Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich discuss why 'span could be extended another fortyyears so that the their predietion of a birth-rate increase in the early . average person would live to 110? How would this affect world popubtion, even if therewenn, t they w. (irked with. Actas interviewer or select a mem- ,crease in the birth rate? HaVe the group developsee-. ber of the group to plaY the role. narios based on the impact of sucha -lengthening Doctors or Garbage Men it luabeen .of the lift span:- The WOW in 20 yearsin/30years, said tharbe tter in 50 years:. vunitation ha s. had more to do with extendinghuman life than haye advances in_rnedicine.Invite a`physi- ; eviit to Amerkan Aid: Member& of the Peace cian and a historian Or sociologist fodiscuss this si.7o .h.ave seen in-St-hand the reStxtt/Sobtained question. through help extended by the United Staiesto people Lesagteakor Fewer Children? Show the film Sorry, in developing 'countries. iliviteone or,rnore people Nj" i/acancy. .Alter a discussion of the film, inVolVe -. whOwere in the Peace Corps.( or a speaker. from the group in aadebate about which is the better AID solu- discuss experienees with theexport of tion to the population crisis freducMg.thebirth rate 'or American technology and.its effecton the individuals. reducing' average consumption.

incentiyes for Innovqtion:Technology ancitheEconomy

"Our history shows that technologyis an extremely versatile force and thatit is highly responsive to Changes inincentives and rewards. It.shouldnot be beyond our ingenuity to ,utilizethe incentives of the mark7etplace'toduslop new tedmalogies that will deal muchmore effectively wirn such currentconcerns as environment and-energy."' Nathan Rosenberg'

In 1978, at least two cities considered'making cod- lions, and so kept immobile. Many 1/4-7? tracts with EarthWorms, Inc., environmentalists a company that pro- and government officialsare also leery of regulatory &ices waste-conversion plants where earthworms laws. Neil-Orloff suggests master plans andcoopera- would eat garbage, sludge, and industrial. waste. Such , lion betwee* busindss abet governmentto solve envi- v facilities would prevent contamination of. ground ronniental problems without ,straitjacketingtechnol-.. water, recover natural resources,' and provide avalu- ,ogy. (Neil Orloff, "Payoff for Business Initiative able byproduct worm castings on (manure). More- the Environment," Harvard BusinesSReview) No-) :. over,. they are economically feasible. ,vember-December, 1977, pages 8-L12 )' . , . Background The long-.term trend in capitalist, Countriesmay be toward. the free communication of ,goodsl-a irend reinforCed by new technology, particularly in cornMki- From .the Courses by NeWspaperReader nicationS,according toBurnham.... P.Beckwith. See "Economic Growth.Technology, and Society" ("Free !Free !, Free! The Priceless World of Tomor- ey Nathan Rosenberg:"Growth versus the Quality. row." The Futurist, October,.1978,pages 307-312) . of Life" by J..Alan Wagar; "TheFrugality Phenome- non" by.Carter.Henderson. How 'does technological innovation affect .et.76- nomic.cycles? This question .and ckhersare discussed From Popular Perioslicals iv in .an article in U.S. News and World $eport. ("Why Although the visioris of theNgreat- economists an Old Theory of Eciandmic Ups andoWnS Worriei Smith, Marx, and Malthus-are mutually contradic- the West," U.S. News and. World gep ovember ',, tory, eachtoday .has hisadherents. Inra. 1978maga-, 6, 1978, pages.82-83) zinc. article, James H. Weaver and JOhn D. Wisman,' West German economists discuss the.impact ,of, examine the trends-, problems.- and futureof ourmod- T-- technologyand ghibaljtiterdependenceon,economic ern technOlogical. world (capitalist as Wellas commu- theory. (Karl .HeinT 'Kelps, Rudolf HiCkel, Karl nist, itidustrialiied as well as developing) in the light Schiller, "Avoiding Recessions:Is of the theories'of the three men. Keynesianism. ("Smith, Marx. and .Dead?" Atlas, March, 1979,pages 28-30) MalthusGhosts Who Haunu OurFuture: Three, . EconomieVisions of Totnorrow'sWorld," The Futur- Rooks to Review

ist, April, 1978, . . . pages 93-104) in America by Design: Science,' rechncyogy, and 'S;oitae business peOplesee 'Big Business tied like the Rise of Corporate Capitalism, David F. Noble ad- Gulliver in Lilliputian threads ofgovernment regula- vanceS the.thesis that an alliance between scientific .

19 and engineering educational inslitutions and corpora- Progrsun Suggestions and Resources tions [has produced a managerial elite that 'has taken control. of the American 'economy. (New York: Ad Analysis: If possible, videotape a television com- Alfred A. knopf, Inc., 1977) .. mercial by, a comptany...involved.in ,technological re- .Thef controversial and popular book by'E. F. Schu- search; then show it to the group. (If this can't .be ,niacher-7-.Srnall Is Rewaifa Economic's As If People done, you' Might conSider 4re:clueing eopies of 'a Mayered----'-argues that large-scale technology, .de- magazine advertisenient on a Similar subject.) How Structive e.of nature and humans, lies at the root of does the ad romanticize technology? What is it frying three crises: pollutiOn, resource scarcity, and huMan to say? What arc the advantages of theresearch.and diSContent. It advocates smaller and more appropri- development the company points: to? What ques- ate technologies. (New York: Harper & Row, 'Pub- tions, if any, is the company avoiding? lishers', 1.973). More lintter, More lifOCCOlit. More Steaks. What is .Suggested. Discussion Queitions being done technologically toincrease crop yields and farming efficiency? .What are the lonoerm effects of Do you agree with Marx and Engels tharthe rise of., such practices? (For ..example,. how do they affect bourgeois institutions wasa primary cause .for the small farmers?) 'How are these effects determined? explosion cif wchnological productivity in the early Invite someone from the local, agricultdral experi- 1800s? Is it possible for a bourgeoisie to develop in a ment station to discuss such questions with the group: technologically backward bation?.Mightthis happen Include in the discussion information about govern- in the lyliddle East? HoW? Merit links with farmers. and '.universities and the Is a profit system necesSary for efficient develop- necessity.. for mtich current research to be donecby ment of technology? How might a bon-capitalist government rather than the. private-sector. ShoW the film The. Farmer in a changing Americo, aS part-of nation encourage technological advances? 1 your 'program. The capitalist System has limitations in terms of teehnology development: 'for example, .4 is not al- Taxing the Answer? In Los Angeles, a plan has been waysprofitabre fora company'th risk capital an long- developed that would allow big industries to locate term research and development of a product that their plants in.the city if theypay the cost of cleaning might not, in the end, prove to be feasible. How has Up More pollution than they cause. What other plans goVernment stepped in to cover this risk factor? What, are 'afoOt to solve economie problems of technology? are some possible drawbacks of suchgovernment pAr-- invite a .Panel consisting of businessmen,an eCono-. ticipatin? mist, and a government official (perhaps from .the The profit motive sdrbetimes leads ioinnovations Environmental Protection Agency) to diseuss such plain and their potential effeets. that have negative effeets on the i.:.nvironment and ori tfie safety and health of Workers and consumers (e.g., 1Wo Scenitris.. Diyide the group into, two sectiOns, air and water pollution from industrial plants, de- one tO develop a narratiVe scenario based on the struction of the opne layer by,fluorocarbons in aero- proposition that technology must be slowed, and the sol cans). Hyw can these negative effects be cdm: other to develop.a seeriario baSed on the.proposition batted without unduly slowing down the growth of that it must be left free. .Time frame: -now through.

technology? '2000; . of.

9. Science 4nd Technplody:A 9rowing F:3-rtnership

In Me 20thcenti'ary, seienasis and technologists haveformed a partnership . . in applied Sckence. P. MalMauf 1 7 "The "-eminent-mechanics" Multhauf mentions in his public, of science-techaology students, and af scien- ' 176N article still exist and work and. invent. Floyd tists and technologists themselves. (Melvin Kranz- 'Wallace, a Michigan chemistry teacher, deviseda fur- berg, "The Science-Technology Complex," Soiiely, nace that produced gasoline 'higher in octane than January-February, 1978, pages 54-55) aviation gas from leaves, table scraps, ,and Othergar, bage.. Francis Goettsch, 4 former ra cher, invented Is the United Skates losing momentum in the tech- an electric steer to praetice roping p tent' pending. nological race? lean Giinpel, a social historian,says John Hoke, nicknamed ',*Col. Clink" Ejv his National yes.'He proVides historical background to show that alltechnological societies reach plateause.g., ,Park Service colleagiiiis, invented, among other Great Britain and China. In his article, he things, an air-conditioned pith helmet, cooled by suggests reforms such aSthe creati01,1 of an'Office of National. solar-cell-operated miniature fan ;,he drives ,an elec- Economic Planning, more cooperatir between tric car, wants to install a parkon ,the roof Of the: gov- Interior Departinent building. ernment and .. industry, greater, and closer inter-; national exchange of informatiop. (Jean Gimpel Background "The Greying of America," National Review, No- vember 26, 1976, pages 1284-1288) From the Courses by Newspaper Reader Rooks to Review See' "Little Science, Big Science" by Derek 3.-de What are the social relations of scienceand tech-. Solla Price; "How the Transistor Emerged"by nology? In Force of Knowledge: The ScientifieDi- Cha4.s.. Weiner; "Social Problems of Industrialized mension of Society, John Ziman explores thiscities- Scietrees by Jerope R. Ravetz. lion and introduces the readerto a wide range of is= Popular Periodicals relatedisSues. (Cambridge, Mass.: The.University Press, 1976) On the one hand taxpayers resist paying for techno- logitat research and development, whileon the ether ,The general probleins Of growth andsize. of the scientists argue that it is necessary. The situatiOn is scientific enterprise have tremendous effectson con- reviewed by William D. Carey in "Science in the ' temporary society, which arcanalyzedby Derek J. de Political Economy." (Sciencf, November 17, 1978, Solla Price in Littk Science, gig Science. (NeW.York: page 703) Columbia University Press, 1963) ,What image dees the scientist have in the United Suggested Discussion Questions States? Patricia A. Morgan suggestssome answers in "But I Wouldn'tWant My Daughter to Marry pne.." Why has the technologist been honoredmore in the (Chemistry, October, 1978, page 2) United States than in other parts of the world? Isthis Current issues relating to scienee and technology still true today? Why? Whoare the "eminent me- were presented in an address by L. P. Benson on May chanics" of our time? Do youagree 'that modern,. t 18, 1978, (L. P. Benson, "Science and Technology: technologists need advanced degrees? Why? Their Interaction with Foreign Policy," Department The scientist-inventor,on the surface a good idea, of State Bulletin, October, 1978, page 54) wi6: a dud, according to Multhauf. Whatare some of Defining science as "know-why" and teChnology tile reasOns this might ha*,been true? What are the as "know-how," historian Melvin Kranzberg claims 'characteristics of the scientist? The inventor? that seientists and entineers are more alike than they , What factors have wntributed to our current dis- imagine but;there :are still two areas of distinction enchantment with science and technology? Isthe dis- between scienee and technology: (1) a cultural dis enchantment deserved? How niightscience and tech- tinction based in differing Self-images; (2) anopera- nology get back into society's goodgra,ces? tional distinction in that scientists, thinking them- Selves above and in control of engineers, oftencall Program Suggestions and Resourceti them "cultural barbarians" or, "plumbers." He points to,the growing exercise of control of technology and Toward a Definition: .Howcan science And technol- science by society and calls lot education of the ogy be. distinguished from each Other? With .the z

14 group, develop definitions for thexwo disciplines that and technology, perhaps according to the possible are mutually. excluSive. events of the next 30 years, Consider: military _re- search and develOpment, space exploration, agricul- Out Of.Favor [Buil iii Favor.' %How 'do scientist's :And technologists feel. about 'fsocietY's disenehantment tural technology, relationships aidong nations, the computer revolution. ,How might the demands of with 'their fields? Convene ,a.panel .of scientists and socrety, faced With the disadvantages of technology; .technolOgists to discus's this issue..If possible, invite force grOwing involvement by scientists? How might people from the cornmercial world.as well as aca- demia, 'Mat, in their opinion, lies behind lessening th't human need. for practical technological devices belief in the "magic" of science/technology? How. pull scientists away from "ivory tower".theorizing? How might the absence of such theorizing slow the has it affeeted them in terms Of government Wilding; advance of scientific thought and accomplishment in dollars for research and development? Do they think the long run? You might want to call on sdine experts the climate .will change'kWhen and how? froni a local coinmunity college an engineer, To the Museum. If you have not already doneso, it -political scientist, futuristto help in ;his actiVity. might be.ikood time to visit a museum of science and industry in 'order to vieW the accomplishments of The Wiz. The film The Wizard Who Spat on the tor Atherican Scientists and can serve as an excellent springboard for a discussion of what makes inventors tick. Ask the eNstion, Sceuario of a Rehitionship. -With he-group, develop -"Might Edison havebeen a scientist orAechnologist a scenario of the future relatiOnship between science today?' Why?

10 The Imperatives of Engineeririg

Fewer than one in a hundred Amerkunsare engineers, but because they .are decision Makers, engineers 9r far more influential than their numbers would suggest."Eugene' S. Ferguipn' -

In 1835, John Childe, an engineer, was standing on a the Fernale Mind," Harper's Magazine, Febru9ry, &lift overlooking a wild panorama of mountaihOug 1978, pages 57-63) country which he was surveying for a railroad. "What * The inventiveness of American engineers and tech- a place for engineering!" he exclaimed. liologists has helped.the United States develop the Background highest standard of liVing in the world, accordingto

Time magazine. ("American Ingenuity: Still-Going +WO From the Courses by Newspaper Reader Stron*" Time, July 5,1976, Pages 71-72) See "Engineering the HousehOld" by Siegfried Michael Harrington critieizes the engineered world Giedion ; "The 'Industrial Revolution' in the Home" of the Magic Kingdom, a corporate and technological by Ruth SchWartz Cowan; "Unsafe at Any Speed" by utopia twice the size of Manhattan, in "To the Disney Ralph Nader. Station." (Harper's Magazine, January, 1979,pages 35744,86) From Popular PerkAiicals C .

40In SPite,of recruitment.by engineeringsehools and Colleges are now teaching pfdspective engineers cOrporations, only one per cent of,ttfe engineers in the management skills, including how t a v problems United States are wornen. Why do Women aly away involving human beings. ("Teach CCM tO frnin _the profession? _In ting1o. _iincover 'the ManageBusiness _Week, swers, Samuel C. Florman atternpti a characteriia- 1977-198) tionsOf the engineering personality. He intervieWs. From ar) erriphasis on pure technology,we Carl Frey. executive director of Vie Engineers Joint ety have shifted to cOncentration on understanding Council, who says that women "don't see engineers'. the human system in which technology exists. How as the ones who have the say in OUrsociety. And, let's . are people affected by new technological advanceV lace it, to a great extent, they're right" If so, does the How can we conserve our resources withopt givingup technological elite that intellectuals .cothplain about technological comforts? The result of theseconcerns really. exist? (Samuel C.. Florinan, "Engineering and haS been more government researthmoney going to

22 . / . . 2 "oft" sciences and a drop in patent applicationksiiice Program Suggestions azj&Resoirces . 1971. (Jack McWethy, "Gadgets.to People; ScienOe)i- Shifts Focus," U.S. News 041Worici Re Pori; Novem- Design Seminar. Split ihe class into smallergroups, -ber'S; 1976,page54) each to work on a redesign of a common device. The Bunks to Review. criteria: to improve the device .to fit.human charac- teristics and needs better. Possible devices:vacuum About. 175 years ago,, craftsmen in .11.1ew York.. cleaner, typewriter, calculator, elevator, computer wantedt6 solve a simple engineering prOblem: buil&

. terininal, automobile. ing a lock to connect a creek with a river. It tookyears

of effort, Consultatiot with European eiperts, and . "Where's tbil Crystal Bali? Debate the question: Is much trial-and-error before they achieved their goal. 'the engineer responsible for the dangers and disad- 1bday _engineers 'work with sophisticated' toCils in vantage of What he designs? Can he foretell such sophisticated.laboratories, but problems still exist. effects? Should he?

. Elting E. Morison is.oPtimistic about technology ,he thinks we can "buililthe sechnological firmament Tbe Engineer Answers. Invite an engineer to.speak tha't will really fit us." (Eiting E. Morison, Froni about questions raised in Ferguson's article. Does the lnow-how to Nowhere. New Niork: Basic Books, engineer agree swith Ferguson's imperatives? His

: Iric., 1974). analyiis of the engineering personality? Allow time- for thclass to akk queStions.and present opiruons. Machines tracethe history of machines through the Age ofiSteam's assembly lines; the internal cam-. The *Education System Answers; In%itesomeone bustion engine, modern technological devices, auto.- from ttke Engineering Department of a loCal college mation. Are engineers -designing people out of the to discass questions in Ferguson's article. Does he inaChine process"? What human problerrisare caused agree with Ferguson's imperatives? If so, what is the by intOmation? (Robert O'Brien and the Editors of education system doing to prepare engineers to deal LIFE, Machinis. New. York: Time Incorporated, with Social problems? 1964) A Panel of Experts. Convenea panel Consisting of an S;uggested DiscuOtin Questions engineer, a representative of aconsumer. organiza- tion, a businessman, a homemaker,a government official, and a teacher of engineering'to discus's how Do you agree that`the hurnan is possessed Of an. insatiable curiosityiethat cannot be quelled? HO, how engineers can'better meet social imperatives.

. can .we'accepi putting a lid on potentially dangerous technology? Could 'our interest in technology be a Tons of Garbage. Watching T'he 3rd Pollution, which mere aberration peculiar to our times? explores several alternaaes for solving the solid- waste problem, can provide the basis for a What characteristieS that cnake people want to be. discussion. Proponents of various methods outlined engineer Work against 1,beir interest in social prob- in the film, can give argumentsto back up theirs lems and their proficiency in solvingethem? positions against others in the group.

, s

23 Wars: Hot and Cold a 7 Throughout history, political and Militaryleaders on ihe onehand have used science and. kehnology tofurther their ends,and scii,ntists and-engineerson die other. have.eAptoitedthe spettil interestsiofthe state to advance theirown goaLS."ilerbeF. York pnd U. Allen Greb

When Robert Fultonpresented his idea for the power in the world, according to a National Reuiew steambOat to Napoleon Bonaparte, die French mili- article. ("New Weapons II," National Review, Aug- -tary genius rejected it as Unpractical. Sorne strategists. ust 19, 1977, page 77) ' say'that if Bonaparte had listimedmore carefully and -accepted the-idea, he coi4e1 have usedsteamships to Books to Review - invade Englana. And who knowshow that would have shifted the course of history? In October, 1945, physicist J. R6bert Oppen- heimer resigned as director of the Los Alamos L,abo- Backgiound' ratory .with the statement, "I'm not.an armaments manufacturer." Intimately involved with government -Prow. the Cosines by Newspaper Reader as a science adviser to the Atomic Enerk Commis- See "Letter to. President Roosevelt" by Albert sion in the postwar yews, Oppenheimerwas accused Einstein; "Nuclear Weapons DeQelopment" by An- of disloyalty to the United States and his security drei D. Sakharov; "Strategic Reconnaissance" by clearance was revoked in the early 1950s. His story Herbert F. York and G. Allen Greb. illustrates the potential for tragedy as the scientist, enmeshed in politics and clingin'g to a moral point of Frew-Popular Periodicals view, meets head on the forces of government that In 1944 Rumanian oil reserves were bombed out by hold an opposite moraLview. .(Derviie Royal, The the Allies, and the Nazis facing a gasoline shortage Story of J. Robert Oppenheimer. New York: St., for tanks and planes, putinio practice their plan for Martin's Press, 1969,) making gasoline fvorn coann 1975, Professor Rich-. ard Wainerdi, froM the Chemical Engineering De- The space, program, a spinoff from a para-military partment at Texas A & M, and hfstorian Arnold 'race with the USSR, has yielded technological ad- Krammer unearthed 3OO,tioy documunts`coneerning vances valuable on a peacetime Eaith. Among thein: Nazi coal-to-gas technology, which may aid us' in comiuunicationsSatellites,cardiac. pacimakers, solving energy problems of tile 1970s and 1980s. grooved highways, powerful solar cells, new railroad ("Recycling Nazi Secrets," Time;.: April I'S,1977, car designs, the Rogallo wing, sophisticated corn- page 58) puter. programs. (Spinoff .1976. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space-. Administration, What are the prospects for world'peace in,view of 1976)' growing arsenals of modern''weapons,. overpopula tion, and tiOor global' ewnomy? Jerry Richardson Suggested Discussion Questions looks'at sortie anSwers in "The Outlook for' World Peace and Prosperity." (The Futurist, Decen!ber,. What factors caused mustard gas and biological 19784 pages 387-394) 4, warfare to he outlawed? Why haven't nuclear weap- A program for decreasing U.S. military forces 'Ons, smart bombs, laser death ray.s, and napalm been willow. underminingour security is desaibed in an outlawed also? . , article in. Scientific American. (Philip Morrison ana Hov have communications changed the course of Paul F. Walker, "A,New Strategy for Military/Pend- wars .and public opinion toward them? Examples: ing," Scientific Armeriean, October, 1978, pages Edward R. Murrow'è rooftop broadcasts from be- siegedLondon in World War IL-the televisingof .Vietnam War. Citizens' in Rocky Flats, Colorado,are protesting the building of thermonuclear devices.Edward By eliminating hand-to-hang combat through the Abbey tells their story in "One Man'AN-oCWirWar." use of military technology, we have depersonalized liarper',s Magazine, March,,,,ipic-pages8-18), warfare. Will technology put itSelf out Of business in New weapons-n-lasepsuidedmissiles, heat- the Military Sphere by lesseningthe appeal of seekers, fuel-air explosiVes (FAE)will :Change the How are universities, scientists and technologists, stnicture of 't and alter the balance of and gcWernnient involved in military planning? How

24 9 ; ...' much influence should eicii sector-have ?:.11teehnolo- What Wins Wsii s'? Thereare those who' hold that gists are, going to oilo7e3 say 'in .miliff.i0 :matters, technological Super.knity ithe one o'verriding 'factor ' Should.. they bcedneated in non-techiii...- '. in detcrrninMg ihe outdoing oWvar4. Tifeysay that - too?,yN'hat '4 imis of -concern* should they4W nothing tneans:tni,-re::-.-jiot nuinaieal superiority,not aware of? clever strategynOt patriotic spirit. Invitetwo his- ,'440ts. torians to debate 'this question:is technologicalsune- PrOgram Siggestions and cei 4rior more impOrtant than anything,else 4deciding in 4 war? - War Cause.Using uther',games simulatingwar wr.. (chess, for instance)as examPle*,' have the grolie:or Alternatives.. After showing the' film, A Thousand several smaller groups work togetherto develop a CraneS: The Children Of Hiroshima,'have' it anthro- board game based cin modern warfare., Elements-fa' ,pologisi speak to thegroup about the theory that man . Consider are: -assigningresponsibilities to various has an, aggressive instinct:that lies behindhis Constant "pieces:' (groups) such aS,the university;, thethik involvement in war. lf, indeed,such.an instinct does tank,the governmene4gency;determining the exist, how might it be diverted into'-Other Channels **V'alues" (killing capacities) of 4eapons;devising thrOugh technology and other means? Discuss' such wild cards_ describing, cent .eVentSte.g., one side** , alternatives to war.. secret and successful development Of.-4 powerfuL, The Military Speaks Up. Invite S repreSentative. weapon);ordering the prob44ilities ofthe success oL: frOm installationto speak tO'tbe grOnia. specific strategies. eStions: Is the war linear (ene- about technology:in...warfare. 'How has it affected mies facing each °the", -linear (guerrillawar- training practiCes? Reeruifinent? Howmany weap- fare in which the etc; MaY come from any direc- Ohs need be stockpileeto avert war?,,What is the tion)? What are wssib1,u.tCoMesavertingwar, a niteraetion: with. government agencies,' univeisities, draw, winning, luting L4',nd whatcauses them? business? ;.

12 The Governments Role. in TeChnologicaChange "The amount of researili and developnientthat iS urgently needed tO lead and. -control technological iniloi,ation hasgone up dramatically in the last decade!" A. ilurwr Dupree ,

At the turn of the century, :Brooklynsurveys were to, university-government relationships. The other Conducted in four different legal measurementsof half was concerned With industrialresearch and de-. feetthe U.S. foot, the BushWiekfoot, the Wil-. velopment. What factors have causedthe ctirrent liamsburg foot, and the26th-Ward foot. In 1901, the static level of research alici developmentin the United National Bureau of Standardswas established to deal Statequ What Measures has the ,U.S.government with Weft problems. Today, technology demands ac- .taken to ,Correct this? ("The FederalGovernment curate measures. For example, the,ineterhas been and Innoloation," Science, August .11, 1978,-page10) defined since:1960 by the wavelengihof light emitted by the element krypton 86. Cooper4ion between, government, and.science/ technology, can produce a better climateof living, Backgraund tlairtis an article in The Nat,ion's Biainess. (".Using Technology ,t4 Advance Human Progress,",'The Front the Cooties by NewspaperReader non s Business, December, 1976, pages 20-24) .§ce '-'-'Science and American-Agriculture"byRe-Y- 'A-low are we 'to- finft-more -responsible ways lo nold M. Wik; "Science and GovernmentAgencies" make sound publ.ic judgmentson critical 'national .by Carroll W. Porsell, Jr.; "BurstingBoilers and the issues such as the control of energy, science, andiech-, Federal Power? -by JOhn G. nology?" asks' William J. McGill in "'Control Sci1 .ence." (CurTfm, April, 1978, Front Popular Peiiodicah pages 42746 A .sophisticated Cable.:teleVisionsystem a\kink Half of the agenda at the 1978 AmerieanAssocia- viewer feedback has.rbeen installed6in Coiefinbiis; tibn for the Advanoement or Science colloquium On Ohio,. A vast amount of informationabout v,iewers the policy for.research and development was devoted wtlio respond is stoked in itscomputer-, aer:easibke to (-- government 3fficials. Does this constitute .an invasion* COnsider the effect on copyright law of copiers and.. ,of. privacy? JOhn .Wicklein,, "Wired City, . U.S. A..: 'videotape machines, on' the invitSion of privacy of TheCharms and Dangers' ot Two-WayTV," Atlantic, bugiing devicvs., on business law of 'computer crime.

February, 1979, pages, 35-42) . ShOuld government make companiesresponsible The transfer oi American technology to developing for theirproducts? If the government is not,involved,, countries hashad lame n4ative side effeetsirriga- how can the public be prOtected.from defective and tion schemes' that led to epidemiCs, indusirializatiOn potentially dangerous products? What'penalties ; responsible for city Slums. 'At'a meeting preliminarylo-' ..Should. he Involver Is, the corporate structure too .:Protective of executives who knowingly, release dan- to the United Nations Conference on Scienee 'and . *Fechnology in 1979, W. Winpisinger of the gerous' prodUcts?- What has technology. done to Our Machinists. and Aerospace.Workers union said, ''.1t is, Concept of free enterprise? time for ale American worker to put his hand over.his , How, have American attitudes toward machine- .wallet. We don't have to cut , our own quoins by ex- *based agric.:, ure, atomio energy, incluStrial waste, porting 'American jobs," he argued. This report pre-' and air pollution changedIn the last twenty years? Sents evidence that-aiding devOpping countries with Why is iecessary 'that government be involved in technology may work in the opposite wayto better d mon nlying control of such matters? What the lot of the Arnericatc:vorker. ("Technology Trans- level of,g vern tlocal, state, or federalshould fer: Toward a ledirectiOn," Science News, Novem- exert most her 27, 1976, page 342) What should be the extent of government involve- ment in technology through universities,founda- Rooks tct Review tious, and industry? -

. During World War II, bitter eninity between two, Britisitscientists powerful in gavernmenrSir Henry Program Suggestions and ResoUrces

. 4 . . Tizard and'''. A. Lindemannoften worked against Is once-necessary govern- the smooth, operation of the war effort. From, flieir The Lethal Embiace? ment financing oftechnologicalresearch a positiveor story,- C. P. Snow derives approaches fordemocratiC negative force in present-day soCiety? Debatethe societies to reduce thedangers of situations,in which politi- 'cardinal chOices have /o be made by a handful of question. InVite an engineering professor and a men: in secret; and, at least in legal fonn, by men ,cal science professor to participte. who cannot have a firsthand knowledge of what those A Long Ann of Government. Almost every branch of choices depend on or what those results may. be.".4government is in some way a sponsor of technological (C. P. Snow, Science anal Governmeth. Cambridge, 'esearch., _Invite one or more reprege tatives of gov- MaSs.: Harvard University Press ' 1961) ernment agencieS to speak about t current tech- nological projects, the rationale for those,projects, What is tec nopolis? Itis where we live,. Some and the 'potential impact on society oftheir results. might say--7a icwhere applied science is the ruling force. A er years of research in seventeen Rules and Regniatiams. Many busineSsznen, esp#,- againstgov- countries, Nigel id asks: Who, will bring the daily those with'..... Small operations, chafe gigantic -poWer of technology under control? -His ernment regulation. How many suchregulations' are

dramatis personae: "mugs" and "zealots," who id . 'necessary because of complexornot-so-coMplex-7- opposing viewboints, on such issues as manned space .technological , advance? Bring together a panelof flight, the automobile, monitoring devices, comput- . lksinessmen", a political Science instructor from a .ers, drugs. Calder saysk/hat, saientific knowledge itself local college, and agovernment representative todis- must be, mobilized to prevent itsowri.ddstruction. cuss the .question. (Nigel CalderTecIinojiolisSOèia1 Control of the Paiient Pending. InVite an inventO,Of,rePresOtative Uses of Scielce.:New York : *Simon and Schuster, of the U.S. Patent Office to disciuss' theneed for . 1969) patents, their effect on research anddeVeliiPment of difficultiatk iidvan- Suggested Discussion Questions new technological ideas-, -and tages of our patent sYstern. Youmight begin the the film Patent Pending. . * How have our laws been reshaped bytechnology'? program by viewing

t

26 13. Th6-Mystery of Inventiveness!- - . 'In pure .science, great discovery. especiallyif it UV technologicalovertones, oCcasionally comes by accidentor1j pchazke to'reSeofchers. engUseering such fuck is curiously ige..Inventins seceip hoveto Vvork for they invent....Lynn Wilte,..1r. ,

p. In 1978, the Institute of Eketrical and Eleetronic En- Wily did Bank of America executive Alvin C. Rice gincers sponsored the'"Aina'zing Micro Mouse. Mazes, resign Vpm, his job to join controversial inventor Contest." Thousands'of inventort competedto pro- v.. Edward KtoPpelman in the developMent of K-Fuel,a duce the electronic 'mon* withghe highest:I.Q. The. product, as yet unperfected, of bioconversion? ("The .Chr4tiari.ScienCe Mon4or conunented, ..,the engi- 'Koppelman Bothes, pctober 16.1978, page neers should.be giventheir heads to confirm.the new. 130) adagc that if you ake berter Mouse the 'world , .will beat a pathway to 'our dotir.' ar...i'opultir Mechanic's has beena,pt,iblishedsintv 1902, a year before,tht' Wright brothers suCcessfully flew a llsiekground plane at Kittyi4lawk.. To celebrate their 75th anni'Ver- sary, tfie editors of the magazine 'asked twelve promi- . . 'Froat Cie Courses by NevripapetReader ,nent Ainericans to identify key technological devel- 1 fa See "'the Act of i pnyenti6n4 b5r Lynn White, Jr. Opmenti of fhe past and predict the future. Among them :vere Harold C. Orey, Peter C. Goldmark, "Economic Sources of Inventive ActivitY" by Jacob SZ:hrnookier'The 'Mind's Eye '.Ncverbal Tbouglit Henqf Ford )I, Margaret Mead. In addition, the magazibe inclilded a retrospective of inventions from in Technologyby Eugene S.Ferguson '; the,' Sources of Invention" by John 'Jewkesi, 'David, the photocopier to the ballpoint pen. ("Popular Sawers, anti Ritird Stillermfn. M'echanics Seventy-Fifth Anniversary," PopularMe-, 11). chailics, January'', 1977, pages 6.3-106) From Popadar.P Rooks to Review The first.spok all for national science and tech- W.haf processes and agonies did proininent inven- nology in the Urn ktates may hakbeen Thomas tOrs go through during their careers? Byron M. Van- JeffersOn, accorpin to Hugo A. Meier,a history pro7 dgrbilt takes a close took at six noted nineteenth- lessor at PennsYlvaMaS4te University, in a Voice of centuiyinventbit. G4Odyear, BeiJ Edison, Westing- Ameri&a intepview.* Jefferson invented'several prac-* house,Acheson, aniiNobetallyron M. Vanderbilt, tical'devices:ta dumbwaiter for bringing wine from Inventing:Wow the' Masters' Dalt Durham, N.C.:' cellar tO drawiiig la six-pick case for wine, a Moore Publishing 'ornpany, 1\974) '.mouldboard for- a plow. 'Aware af European-snob- \ be ry about American invevition (not as purely elgant Who are the innOvatiprs'? How do they create? The as seience), he explaind "hiS mouldboard, to Lon- Innovators givek tt detailed ,account of the processes of invention. doner Sir John Sinclair as compining :*a theoryr Inch Street journal staff, The I,nnova- must satisfy the learned, with apracti6e intelligible to lbrs. Princeton, N.J.: pow Jones godks, 1968) .the Most unlettered4abouret7 and therefore "accep- 41 's Stiggested Djseussiori questi0ons table tp thempst tsefOl e.lasses.in society." ("Thornai Jefferson and the Growth of Ainerican TechnolOgy." Afe the de/voices thattare invented theones 'that Intellect, November, 1977: flage 192), people want and need?. What is your opinion on this. . An article in The fiy,thirist explores the, ideas of question? What specifitinstances reinforceyour a,r- Gilbert Kivenson, who maintains thai "inventingcan gUmeat? - ' --be taught Learning How-to rnnovate,"-The-Fu- * What examples-otthe -engineer's -corfeern for. hu- Wrist, April, 1978, page 1)3) Man safety appear in technological innot.tatibni4 R. Biickminstet invent& of the fog gun and -today? Consider blau..4holti appliances, tratiseVria-' geodesic dOme, among other things, left Havard non vehicles, gardening tooll. University during his freshman term and never. weitt Do yoti agree:a:rat' t'oo much awarerpss of just back. Science Digest Zanies an excerpt from A. V. exPerience handicaps inventot-s?..Hol.d,oes the LOrd's biography of Fuller, Pilot for Spaceship Earth. sign of' a modern autOmobile show Signs of its prede- (A. V. Lord, "The Leonardo of Our Age," Science cessorsearlier molls, the horse-and-carriage? .Digest, November, 1918, pages 78-81) *kat otEer =Wert inventions reveal telltalesigns of

A Al their technological anwstors? *(146ientionis tightly controlled by government; "Do you agree with Lynn White that "happy (2) invention is loosely controlled by government; .chance" does. not come tO.'inveMorS as easily as to (3) invention is not controlled at all by government. " pure" siLientists? What might be some of the reasons inventini an Invention. Is the technological proc4s for"this4-if it is triie? of invention sufficiently free of control by society that Protratit Sugediois and Resources it operates somewhat at random? What inventions need to be invented? Ask the group to pinpoint some

./ . Crazy Genius? Inventors are ,often stereotyped as. devices not yet in existence (at least in needed 'form), 4Itipractii.al and Wildeyed geniuses tinkeringaway in then describe them in writing or drawing. Devjces garages7--of course, ix.)t true. Most are highly edu- might be variations (a new kind of vacuum cleaner; quite sane; most use highly sophisticated for example). The group might feel more cOmfOrt- leciiiipment.- Invite an inventor to talk to the group able splitting up into smaller groups of five or Six for his career, his inVentions, the processes he this activity. When they are finished, invite coMment on the proCesses they went through in inventing the Akc,ent through to create those inventions, how the field. tas chan&ed sinee he began, what he foresees forthe devices. Qut-of-Bounds to idea Thieves. Invite a representa-i .Siso4141 the Lid Be Put on Whatwill happen it the five from the United States Patent Offiee to discuss the process of patenting inventions, tgive a short . process of invention is. more 'tightly 'controlled by the gOvernment? Ask a panel consisting of a political' history of the office, and to venture an inion on the science professor; an czcohomics professor, a busi- growth trends of invention in the United tates. nessman in the electronics industry, and someone.. What Makes Them Tick? Show the film stkr on from the United States Patent.Office to discuss this Creativity and folloV it with a aiscussion b panel .ouestion. If time allows, have the group Use the, consisting of a psychologist, an artist,a writer, and an information. to develop thr,ee narrative scenarios inventor on the act of creation. Is creativity the se 'of what will happen to the world sp years if: in all fields or are there differences? -

14 Technology and the Seamless Web: Ethical Di iernma

"The dilemina we face is that of how ,to enjoy-the fruits oftechnology without losing our true freedom-, our inner Strength. Can technology feed thisairength or does a simply iiissofre ie.-Bertram Morris

Technology can enhance thearts; Ili well as make. war lifeboat when one must drown or all will die: has more lethal and damage the' environment. Sophisti- been applied by some to the world as a whole. Which cated computer systems are being 'used by musicians nation shall "die" so the rest shall live? Richard J. ':and composers atConservatories and universities to Barnet explores the myth of scarcity, the lessened conduet experiments; with sound. Roger Reynolds value of human life, the decreased need for labor recently composed a pieee called "..., The Serpent- because of automation. Is it possible for developed Snapping ..Eye". (taken from .0 line in Herman Mel- nations to exploit less technologically advanced coun- ville's Moby,,,Dick), 'which combines sounds,gener- tries for raw materials while guarding against terrof- ated by a Stanford University cOmputer with trinnpet ism, epidemics, and econoniic collapse? Barnet calls and percusSion: a wedding of technology and art. for- a return to respect for human life and dignity. ("No Room in the Lifeboats," New York Times Background Magazine, April 16, 1978, pages 32-38)

From the Cowles by Newspaper Reader e The technology of converting wastes to energy is growing apace. Recent aevelopments are discussed in See "Demoeracy at the Grass Roots" by David E. "Moving to Garbage Power." ( TinzE, January 9, Lilienthal; "Freedom 4nd Direction" by James C. 1978, page 46) Nllace; "The Industrial Way of Life" by C. E,* Ayres. TechnolOgy and the arts come together in elec- From Popsdar Perioclicals tronic music:According to' Forbes m4azine,: 40per- cent of the musical instruments sold in the United Tbc lifeboat metaphorwho gets thrown from the States are electronic; ("Sharps and Flats in.an Old sorig." 'Forbes, lanuary..-22,1.979.43-ages.46-47) function. (Anstin: University of Texas Press; 1961) ...In discussing the Age of Compulsory Equality, Suggested.Discussion Questions Tom Bethell 'analyzes possible effects of,our egah- tariah. principles on scientific endeavors., particularly Do you agree that we are slayes to technology, geneiic research. (Tom Rethell,-Burning Darwin to. "tools of our toolS7? In what way? Is thisinevitable? Save Marx," Harper's Magazine, December, 1978, .What is 'the effect on the, iridividual of mass-society pages 31-38.9 1.--92) caused by technology? On nature? Huge dams built to bring the benefits of modern - Is it possible for the United States and tecknology to the developingworld have also brought othe'ilkindus- di,seav, aewrding trial nations to remaip high-technology societies Heyneman. (-Dams without contributing to poverty, famine, and disease ,and Diseise," Human Nature, ,January, 1979, pages in developing nations? Should our freedom belim- 50-.57)` ited to provide justice in the world? How? '* The Gala hypothesis, developed by James .Love- . .lock and Lynn. Margulis, is a view of the biosphere in Program Suggestions and Resources .wfiich it, as.a whole, -regulatesaspects of the environ- ment. As ail example: some ecologists view with con A Promethean World. Invite a humanities professor siderable alarm the poSsible long-range effects Of to a group meeting for a reading of sections of Pro- metheus Bound that pertain to the questions raised by carson dioxide releaSed into theatmosphere from industrial chimneys. .It could heat the atmosphere Morris' article. In a discuslion following the reading, 'enough to cause radical changes in climatological pat-, consider the following: What problems were created terns. Yet geologist Fred MacKenzie points out that by .technology in the time of the ancient Greeks? the byproducts of mechanized technological agricul- Today? In what ways are the problems forever the ture may balance the carbon dioxide: It appearS that same? nature will not allow humans to destroy the earth's The Fruits of Technology: Bitter or Sweet? Can we ecology. Nevertheless the author is not optimistic enjoy the fruits of technology without losing our free- about unchecked, unmonitored abuse of our planet. dom? Weve the group debate this 'question. Factors:

.''(Fred .Hapgood, "Gaia: The Harmony of Our the technological war machine; pollution of the. Sphere,",Atlantk, December, 1977, pages 100-104) planet ; the communications revolution; computer . . Books to Review prying; sophisticated transportation systems; in- creased leisure time. Follow with a showing and dis- Religion and religious valuesare itill'imPortant in cussion of the film Bruce und His Things. our technological world, according to Ian G. Bar- Stone tO Missile; Hanit-ix to Power Saw, How do 'bour. In Science and .Secularity: The Ethics of .Tech- 1:r:the tools of primitive humans reflect their, needs, ndlogy, he argues that religion can-be used to direct affect their lives; alter their view of themselves and technoiogy toward human end., (NewYork: Harper. & Row, 1970) the environment? And how do the tools. of a high- , technology society affect the people in it in similar The Greek' tragedjiPrometheus Bound ways? Invite an anthropologist to talk to the gro-up (AeschyluS) conveys several -mOilern themes:the *about these quektionS. Perhaps a display of primitive

arrogance of min in trarisforming nature into arti- . and modern tools could be arranged. facts; the;indulgence of self-will to the exclusion of Songs Sung by the Compnter. Invite a musician Who wise counsel; unrestrained power contrasted with the uses electronic instruments tO play for the group and life-giying. arts. ..(C'ambridge, Mass.: The University. _discuss. the impact of technology on his art. If pos- Press, 1932) * sible, haVe thesame composition played on both In Toward a Reasonable Society: The Values of In- an old-fashioned arid an electric instrument (e.g., dustrial Civilization, Clarence E. Ayresargues that guitar). How has technologY affected the music pro, anything promoting life actiyities is good and that in fession through television, recordings, tape record- moderh society- science -and technology fulfill -this ings, transpoltation,marketing, -etc.? r .15 Assessing andD,frectingTechnology

"Although .7ichno1ogy AssesSment does not yet have all the answers, it. conjOrms to one law of conunonsensti: Think about what you are doing before you-do it.."Melvin Kranzberg One solution to our energy problem ito buila a giant says Frank Press, dirtor of the Office of Science and satellite/refiector to collectsolar energy, convert it to Technology Policy, i4 "Science and TechnOlogy: The electricity. and, beam it in the fortn of microwaves Road Ahead." (Science, May, 1978, page 737) down to Earth. Crities ofmicrowave technology talk of electromagnetic radiation pollUtion, which may Books to Review increase incidence, of heart disease and Canixr. Who's What are the alternativesnn Tools forronvivial- right? fly, Ivan Illich writes a critique of modern intaustrial society. He offers an alternative course for a future Background. society not dominated by industry, one in which tech- nology is harnessed and.employed for the benefit of From the Courses by Newspaper Reader mankind. (New York: Perennial Library, 1973) See "The .Finility and Dangers of Technology Technology: Processes of Assessment and ehoice is Assessment" by Peter F. Dincker.. "Technology a basic report by the National Academy of Sciences As Legislation". by Langdon Winner; "Technology to the Congress underlying the decision to establish Assessment in Retrospect" by Harvey Brooks. an Office of Technology Assessment.(Washington, From Popular Periodkab D.C.; U.S. Government Printing' Office, 1969), "Technology and Technology Assessment." the'fall Suggested Discussion Questions 1978 issue of National' Forunt, contains a far-ranging - discusion of the controversies in this field. (See p.19, In his article, 'Melvin Kranzberg discusses. the above. ).. second-order and third-order impacts of technologfr b; The United States Congress has increased its ef-. cal innovations. e.g., a first-order effect of the auto- forts to determine the long-term effects of itslegisla- mobile is individual transportation, while secondiry tion relating to technolOgy. In his article "How Con- effects include pollution and reliance on imported oil. gress Is Exploring the 'Future," Ren Renal), a futures What are some secondary effeCts o (the computer?

. researcher, describes these attempts to forecast tech- What might be some teiotidary eects-of an'energy nological Consequences. (The FUturist, April, 1978,. breakthrOugha technological innovatión through pages 105-112) : Which solar energy. -could be supplied inlarge Has the human race come to feel .in league with amounts, for example? Consider energY.tke,!works, magic? Harper's editor Lewis H,...Lapham wonders if the economy, jobs, environment. : toyS" lk .. we will look like "children:playing *ith deadly What will happen if technology assessment be-i-. thirtieth ,.cen- (technological ones) to people comes ',Technology Arrestment"?. Do you think tury. (Harper's Magazine, February, 1978, pages such an dccurrence is possible? If so, how would your 20-22) life be affected? Ho* optimistic can we'te abiiiit our future, in view . What _trade-offs do yOu feel are necessary in re- of technology and its effect on the world? (Barry B. sponse to changes in energy and materials technOlo- Hughes and Mihajlo D. MeSarovic, "Testing .the . gies? Hudson Institute Scenarios: Is Their Optimism JustiL . . fied?" World ,Future" Sociajv Bulletin, November- .What are the values people give lip-service to --ar-ceinher:19-78- pagc11-45.) today? What values, do they really believe in? How will this affect our future control of technology? Canada is Conducting an inquiry' into, the social, economic, and envirOnmental impacts of the Mac- , kenzie ValloT pipeline. D. 1 Gamble reports on how Prosram Suggestions and Risources the inquiry operates..(' The Berger,Inquiry: An Im- Dig Up the Time Capsule. If you tape-recorded re- March 3,1978, pact ASsessment Process,'t Science, sponses to questions,about technology in connecbtion., pages 946951 ) with your first meeting, play some of them baOho the%f We are '.1ocked into a. dynamic system of global grOup. Then ask: Would your answen to these ques- economics" that is based on technological change, tions be different now? In what ways? Why?'

11, 3.1 11,a4trackias 10 the Future. Show the film Things,ro. newspapem and magazines constantly. What is goy- Conic made in 1936. After 'the tilmis over, discuss .ernment doing to iirotect .us? Consumer ,..gthups? hOw acciirately it predicted the future and'asIC:How Manufacturers? Invite .a panel ofa represeniative might, scientists and tchialogy plan far. the rebuild- frOm government (perhaps the-Consumer Products :Mg ofilip world after a nuclear war in the 1980s11-low Safety COmmission), a consumergroup, and a manu- do our Oredictions o the_world in 2036 differ- froin facturer to discuss this question and its effeetsnthe those Of 'the tilln!makers? Why? economy as well as on our health. Wag ,Midas. of 1979. Whatwe tOlicci7has unforeseen What Are the Trade-Offs? Have.thegroup effeetS oti us. Horror stories debate about long-term.conse- the question-of whether it is juStified. fora minorify, quences of asbestos inhalation, tires ,p1,:irn plastic such as coal miners, fo 'suffer. (evenat high pay) kw foam, p4sibtti cancer from food additivesappear in the majority.

111.

4

10 sN,

SECTION THREE Resoutes

This section has three Parts. Part One is a descriptive Development Issues: U.S. Actions Affecting the, De- list,. in alphabetical order, of national organizations; velopment of Low-Income .Countries. .The Third An-. foundations, agencies, and groups that focus on mai Report of The- President Transmitted to The. Con- topics directly related to technology and 'change. Part gress, April 1978. This book contains, information Two is a state-by-state list of niuseums with displays about technology,.population, and agriculture. on'' technology' and industry: Part Three is a list of, ,.The. AID magazine. Agenda; which often -cOntains State Hunianities Offices. articles about technology and its effect an the Third Worldjs available free to those who ask to be placed on the AID mailing list.

. Films, availableo' n free loan, may be obtained Part One: List of through Association Films at regional offices (contact Organization, Agencies, -AID for listing) or purchased at cost by contacting Carl Purcell, SupervisOr of Visual Information, at the and Groupg above address. ExampleS: The following groups offer (free or for sale) materials PakistanLand of Promise,.14ih minutes:A doch- such as handouts, pamphlets, bOoks, and films, and mentary film dealing with the utilization of water for they may be sources for speakers. Don't fOrget local 'poWer,and agriculture, Pakistan Land of Promise sources:. libraries, businesses, factories, unions, and focuses on the huge Tarbella Dam and the Indus ad hoc organizations formed around:a specific issue. Agency fat Internatioaal Development Nicaragua: Planti4 the Seeds of Change, 27minutes. Office of Public Affairs The film shows problems faced by the campesinos and Washington, DC 20523 explains INV.IERNO, the rural development pro- gram designed to help them through Offering farin' With headquarters in the -Department of State in credit, technical agricultural assistance, and social Washington, the Agency for International Develop- ment (AID) -administers most of the foreign eco- services. nomic assistance programs of the U.S. government. Haiti: Mountains to Cross, 141/2 minutes. Self-help Among its interests are increasing food production efforis of the Haitians ate augmented by CARE, the through better technolpgy,population planning. American government, and other countries. The health and nuojtion. and eduCation and-human re- problems; overpopnlation, deforestation, soil ero- sources development. sion, primitive agriculture, 90 percent illiteracy. Some, of the technolosical solutions: irrigatiOn, road 'To arrange for a speaker, write to Wade W Fleet- improvenient, school construction, agricultural tech- wood, Speakers/Conferences Officer at:the above nology. addresS. Include enough information about your meeting to faciitatg the choice of an appropriate American Asiociation for the representative. . Advancement of Science 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Pubhcations (freey may be obtained by writing_ to NYashington, DC 20036 AID and ipclude: Founded in 1848, the American Association for the AID's Challenge in an Interdependent World. This16- AdvInciment of Science (AAAS) has more than page booklet contains informatiOn on:AID's activi- 127,000 members, not all scientists. In 1969, the ties and describes new agricultural technologies and Boaid of Directors stated that "for the coming dec- rural electrification efforts. (DN,RIA-119 90/178) ade the main thrust of AAAS attention and resources Why Foreign Aid? An address by Jahn Gilligan, shall be dedicated to a major increase in the scale Adminiskrator of AID, discussesihe effects of de- s effectiveness of its work 9n the chief contemporary forestation and poor fishing practices. problems concerning the mutual relations of science,

7' t 3 .. technology, and, social change, including 'the usererf Though most of its Rublicationsare technical, some science, and technology in the prOmotion of human, offer insight iiltothe kiterface of technology andgov- welfare." The Association publisnes Science maga- ernment- or give information about the practicalon- zine (founded by Thomas A. Edisonir...played a. Earth benefits of space seience. Write to the above pivotal role in starting NOVA (a 'weekly,television address for a listing of pre-prints. series produced -by. WGBH/Boston forPBS), and provides other programs in scienceeducatibn. In For speakers, write to Peter M. Bainum (above ad- o- dress), who may be able to arrange for addition, it supports special progranis ininternational someone from the Society to appear at one of cooperation, science and public policy, andopportu- your meetings. nities in .science.'. American Institute CA Aeronautks . AAAS offers bOoks, compendia,tapes,- and and Astronantics films, all listed in its free Catalog. Tttecatalog is 1290 Avenue of the Americas available froM The American Associationfor the New York, NY i00I9 Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts.Ave- The membership of the American Institute of Aero- nue, N.W.;\Washington. DC 20005,zis.are allmate- nautics andAstronautics is limitedto professionals in rials offered 'for sale: those fields. Though many of the publications of the ..Electronics: the'Continuing Revolution,1977; case,- Institute are, too technical for the lay reader, several bound, $12.95; paper, $4.95. written at the nonprofessional level might behelpful. to those participating in this program. The AIAA, Population: Dynamics, Ethics, and.Policy,. 1975; 'casebound, $1100; Publications Catalog, which providesa full listing and paper,. $4.50. order forms, is free upon request. .Science for Society: A Bibliography,, mare than-2500 77-215 OverviewA Look into the Future- ofAir references dealing with areas in whichscience and Transportation, John J. Casey: $2.50. technology impact on society. 1976;paper, $3.00. 77-311 Historical Overview (of air transportation), Scientific .h4edoin and ResPonsibility, report ofan ad Ronald D. isteal, $2.50. .hoc AAAS Committee;on: Scientific Freedoni 'and, Responsibilityprepared by John, T.' Edsall; 1975; 777271 Historical Perspective of Computationin Paper, $3.00. Aviation and Aerospace, Courtland Perkins, $2.56. Tape recordings r'of the Annual -Meetingsof- the - 77-272 A, Forecast of the Future of Complion, AAAS include: Carl Hammer, $2.50. 356-77T-- Humanity.in'gcience: APerspective and a 77-323 Cdmmunications Satellites, Joseph V.Cha- ryk, $2.50. Plea, $9.00. . 4 223.76T Energy and Food Production:Contempo-: 77-337 History of Manned Space Flight, RobertR. rary Technology and Alternatives, $36.00, Gilruth, 243-761 Man-Ca/v:4er Relations:What Will Urban 'Technology ,Conference and Technical.Dis-, They Be?, $18.00. playpapers presented to a conference whoseof- jective was to improve communication between 268-76T,Seivree and Social Risk; $18.00. those who generate technology and those in urbansitua- 277-761--- Technology and Values, $18.00. 'lions who use it. $20,00. Accoyding to Arthur .H. LiverMore, Head .of the SpaceA Resource for Earth. An AMAReview Office of Science Education of the AAAS, theorgan-. .Series publicationa nontechnical bookon applica- ization does not have a speakers' bureau. However, tions -of space syStems to improving the sualityof he can, on short notice provide names of 0,AAS -human life on earth. $8.50. 4 'tilembers who would be willingto speak on a wide The Impact of Competitive Technologyon Engineer- i'arietY of topics. Contact Mr. Livermore directlyito, , ing Managementpapers froma conference on the b world-wide distribution of technologicalpower, tech- I. American .Astronantical Society nology transfer, technology assessincht. $5.00. 6060 Duke Street- -1%vo Motion pictures are available for sale: - Alexatilria, VA 22304. America's Wings, 281/2 minutes, a history of thc tech- Basically an information exchange organization for nological evolution of the airplane. $180.00. scientists, the American Astionautical Society seeks The Age of Space Transportation, .201minutes,the - to advance the astronautical sciences and further the effecti of the, Space AgeOa inedicine, geophysics, progresi of spa= exploration. . astronomy, and other fields. $150.00.

33 4 A'udio-vistial presentations (aides, audio cassettes, Direaory of Exhibits at Science and Technology Cen-- and 'printed scripts) can be purchased for $69.50 ters, a listing of over 300 permanent exhibits in 40 each, including,shipping charges: institutions around the world, $8 to nonmembers,. , Earth .Resources, a View from Space, 60 .slides, .28 .Discover arid ,Learn at Science and Technolor Cen- fliinutes, the story of the satellite Lahdsat, which has ters,'an illustrated booklet of member institutions, $2 been beaming down inforMation `abOut 'the Earth to nonmenibers.

'since 1972. . .Traveling Exhibitions: An Overview of Not-for- Profit Perspectives on Space,;(9 slides, 29 minutes, an.over- Traveling Exhibitions Services, $3.50 to nonmembers. . view of the space program. with emphasis on the Traveling Exhibits Service Catalog, illustrated bC;ok- iMpact of space toschnOlOgy on everyday 'life. -us' let Of4xhibits and films circulated hy the Association, AirCraft Noise: Thming die Tiger, 64 slides, 30 min- free.. utes, a .discussion of the problem of noise in general., Bureau of Mies - aircraft noise in particular. United States Department of the Interior Via Satellite, 78 slides, 30 minutes, a histo fn- 2401 E Street, N. W. .* munications teamolo p since SaInuel Mo Washington, pc 20241 Space for Earth: 196-2000; 80 slides, 281/2 ,minutes, The Bureau of Mines was ereated by Congress in a discussion of possible future teChnologiCal advances 1910. Since 1973, several reorganizations have nal,. like wrist-radiOphones-, teleholography, solar power rowed its responsibilities so that it has become pri.- satellites.'- marily a research and statistics agency. The Bureau . , . To arrange for- a speaker, contact, the section of the "conducts scientific and engineering iesearch in AlAkinyour'area. A list of the Sections is available. 'metallurgy and It-titling, compiles and analyzes statis- frOm AIAA headquarters at the above address.. tical information on nonfuel mineral sup and de- mand, an4 investigates mineral poteal of. Federal AnseAcan Public 'Worts Association lancts proposed for preservation as parks, refuges, 1313 East 60th Strset and other special purposes." Chicago, IL 60637 The Bureau offers many free publications, which may A nonprofit organizatio'n of public works officials, be requested from the Branch of Publications Distri- American Public WOrks Association, acts as an infor- bution,4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh:TA 15213. mation. clearinghouse and meeting ground for its . Examples: Members. Mining Research, a 38-page document, covers re- Its list Publications for Professionals describes the search done by the Bureau in non-coal mine technol- .group's free publicatiCins. ThOujh most are highly ogy, environmental effects of mining and reclimation technical, Dynamic Technology Transfer and Utiliza- technology, future directions. non, a 77-page book produced in association with The Miniplant Concept: Aluminum for America's Indiana University, contains some pertinent informa- Future is a booklet describing new technology for ex- tion about why it is difficult to transfer technology tracting aluminum. from one culture or loeality to another, how local technologies are created, and why some local tech- Clean Power from Coal: The Bureau of Mines Citrate nologies remain local and are not adopted elsewhere. Process provides a layman's explanation of new tech- In addition, the book gives ten case histories of tech- nology for processing coal with minimum air pollu- nology in action (for example, mechanized refuse col- tion. lection in Scottsdale, Arizona) and discusses the use To Save the Land shows. how problem9-created by of electronic data processing applications. A single strip mining can be solved.' copy is free from the above address. For information A number of films are available on loan from Motion _about speakers. contact Rohert_Samborski.,Directo\-Pictures, tureau of Mines, -4800 -Forbes Avenue, of Institute Affairs. Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Borrower pays only return

or Sciestce-Tecknology Centers ; postage. A:film catalog is free, Among the films is a 1016 teen treet, _,44.<)iekies,LabiitOtthe natural resources of several states, Wash ngton, DC 20036 histotca1 'ackground on the development of those An assoeiation involved in,developing science-tecl resources, and the use of modern technology for .nOlogy centers and traveling, exhibits, this groap, ts conservation and industrial exploitation: spume of informationab'out what- initseums in sistif: Arizona and Its Natural Resources, ailor, 28 minutes. Sarea are planning. The publications catalog lists: (178) Nevada and Its Natural ResOurces, color, 27 minutes. Pesticide Report to' Die Nation,. Special Publicatkit (233) #3, (1974) Oregon arui ItS Natural Resources, color, 27 minutes. Energy Use in Ag;icultureNow.and for the Future, 4242) Report #68 (1977) .. 'Washington will Its Natural Risources, color, 27 Min- Nitrite .in Meat-Cyring: Risks and Benefits, Report utes. (246) : .#74 (1978). s, .7'ennessee and Its Natural Resources,. color, "8 min The Phenoxy Herbicides: Second Edition,Report utes. (268) . #77 (1978). . - . Pennsylvania. and Its. Natio ,I Resources, color, 28 Dietary Goals for the liaised States; A Cornnientlr'y aiirgiutes. (272) 'Report #71 (-1977). Another series gives the history of the use.of various.. Earikrise minerals,' shows how, theyare usedin indUstry, prO- Box 120 Annex Station vides information on the latest technology used in Providence, RI 02901 mining, processing, and fabricating. Examples: The Magic of Sulphur, color, 26 minutes. (255) Earthrise is a small, nonprofit organization that Main- tains that "we can have both a Sound eConomy andan Copper, the Olilest Modern.Metal, color, 27 minutes. efologically- balanced environment, and we can (256) t. achieve social justice and an effiCient politial Struc- Cast Ironthe Biography of a Metal, color, 25 min ture." (259) Publications, all costing $1.25 and available from the The Extraordinary World of Zinc, color, 28 minutes. above address, include: (262) #14 Eanhrise Update: description of the organiza- Silver,.color, 1.8 mifintes. (265) tion's activities.. and goals; "Futures Paradigm"; !Apocalypse Syndrome." Tungsten, color, 18 1/2. Minutes: (275) ' #15 Urban Futures: bibliography; description of Fu- Symbol B Nymber 5. .Boron and the Borates, Color, tures Lab student Work; review of two energy docu- ,28 minutes. (278). ments; clearinghouse. Individual films include: -- #23. Third World: "The Rise of the Third World"; The Minerals Challenge, color, 27 minutes. This film a Latin American world model; `India Tomorrqw"; shoWs hoW ever-increasing needs for fuels, metals, UN Conference on "Self Reliance and Global Part= and other mineral materials are being met by techno- nership"; letters; reports on aTati$4 Information. fOgical advances, (27'1) ; Network and an Institute for Anticipatory Derticic- The MOving. Earththe Story of Mined .Land Sub- raey; clearinghouse. sidence Control, color., 27 minutes. Sometimes tech= The Global Futures Game, at $17.75, isa partieipa- 'nology 'solves problems it 'has createdin thiscase tory exercise allowing players to "simulate political, ground subsidence,' .a serious..environtnental Side- environmental, and social development ona global effect of strip mining. (273) scale" to the year 2020. The game sets up simulation Speakers are available through State Liaison Offi- of conditions in ternis of population, food, technol- Cers, listed in the booklet The State Liaison ProgPam ogy, education, and relative growth rates. F'rom 8 to of the Bureau,Of 48 people can play, and the game requires tivo to three hours to complete. Conseil fin Aglictiltura1 Science and Technology Information about slide lectures and speakers is avail-

cast Memorial. Union . able on request. Iowa State University Ames. IA 50011 Fedgrtra CommutheittiOni,Conmakaioik 1919 M Street, N.W. .-; This association of. companies, societies, and iric4- Washington, DC 20554 yiduals is devoted .to the investigation of current national issues in agriculture. Single copies of the An independent Federal agency creafed by Congress, the FCC is charged with regulating interstate and for- Council's 'publications are free Qin request from the eign tommunication by means of radiO, televisio above address. Examples; ni wire, cable, and satellite. Since its,creatikih'in 1934, Ruminants as Food ProducersNow and for ihe has, of necessity, expanded its operations asa result Special Publication #4 (-1975) of technological innovations in communications. In

35 ,

connection with as research activities, the FCC has an Understanding Population, aTeport an Foundation: laboratory. at Laurel.' Maryland. supported research and training centers studYint Single copies 'of Information Bulletins issued by the world popul'ation problems. (351) FCC may be obtained by.writing to the. FCC ,Publie Reproduction and Human Welfare: A Challenge to Information office at the.above address: Of interest ResearchSununary Chajner, Roy O. Greep, Mar- are: jorie A. Koblinsky, and Frederick S. Jaffe, reprinted Information SerVices tuzd Publications4(1) from *BioScience, November, 1976 (free). 357) The FCC in Brief (4) - A Work Experintent: Sir Arniric .a- Swedish. Plant, a report on .the 'reactions of six Detroit auto A Short History of Electrical Communication (6) workers to new methods of engine assembly.in Swe- Reguhnion of Wire and Radio communication (10) den. Single copy, ,$3.00; 10 or. More-yopies, $2.50 Educational Television (12) ' each. (X13) Subscription TV (16) Exploring Energy Sburces: A Preliminary Report, an exploration of the crisis in energy,' alterhative solu- 4ducutional Radio (17) tions, environmental impact of those sollitions. Single ,Cable Television (18.) copy, $.75; 50 or more copies, $.60 each. (X04) -, For speakers, Write to Consiimer AsSistatica Office, The Ford Foundation also offers1ms, available FederarCNknmunications Commission, at the above Through: Films Incorporated, 114Wilmette Me- address. ripe, Wilmette, IL 60091. Amon tnu Tichnology in Public Service, color, 20 minutes, an The Ford Foundation introduction to how Public Technology, Inc. works 320 East 43rd Street with governments to, improve services through 'the New York, NY 10017 innovativeapplication of technology. .Purchase, pie Ford Foundition grants fUnds to individuals and $275.00; rental, $25.00. organizations, both in the United States and abroad, Changing Work : American Workers in Sweden, color; for research, experiments, development, and educa- 40 minutes, a documentary showing how six Ameri- tion that could contribute tb the*solution ofproblems can auto workers reacted to Sweden's ansWer, to of national or international importance. Projects assembly-line monotonysmall, adtdnomous Qork funded by the Fotindation include a study Of the groups. Purchase, $400.00; rental, $35.00. , effects of the Aswan Dam in Egypt; development of a computer model of plant and anknal life in an Egyp- FOrd Motor Company tian desert; a consideration of electronic mail service; , The American Road a study of the effects on communication of new Dearborn, MI 48121 electronic devices. The secanchlargest automobile company inthe, A free copy of Ford Publications and Films and other world, Ford was started in 1903 by Henry Ford, free items may be obtainedby writing to the above pioneer of the ifidustry. Since then, it has produced address. Order bdokri, and other publicatiOns, pre- nearly 150 million vehicles and is now a huge, multi- paid, from Ford Foundation, P.O. Box 1919. New national corporation. Ford offers the following free York, NY 10001. Of interest arc several publications , 4 publications: - dealing with: varioUs aspects of technology: - Ford, AGlobal Corporation, by business historian Technology wid CitiesA Foaruiation Viewpoint, David L. Lewis, traces the development of multi- 4 Wi,kliam Pendletop, from an address delivered at national& from 2500 B.C., when Sumerian traders the Conference on ImPending TechnologyIts Chal- tabiished branch offices in foreign countries. lenge to Livable Cities, at the Georgia *Institute of Technology in 1968 (free). (134) Ford and Public Concerns describes the company's. . involvement in South Africa and Egypt, envirownen- The HuMan Side of Productivity, Basil J. Whiting, tal concerns, and research programs in autqinobile from remarks before the Senate Committee oh Gov technology. ernment Operations,.1974 (free). (336) An American Legend is a short biography of Henry The Art of Managing the EnvironMent, a report onx Ford. experiments in regional enviromental manage n designed to provide a setting in which staff rn A Car Is Born covers the prookiction of an autombile .irarious disciplines and agencies can work togetr to from idea to completion'. solve common problems (free). (318) Available from the Educational Affait$ Department

36 32'

%' are cards offering capsule eoverage ofa number of this. However, a few of the Society'sbooks are at a -topics. Of special interest is "The Evolution ofMass own-technical level: Production," which traces the development ofmass production techniques from Eli Whitney's inter- Ituernational Conferenceon Computer Communka- lions. An international interdisciplinary forum changeable parts to Modern-day automated,com- for puter-controlled techniques. min-technical as wellas technical people, the con- ference covered activities in Computer communica-. Tile Hastings Center tions and applications possible through datatransmis- Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences sion, as well. as social and economicimplications. 360 BroadwaY 1976, 655 pages;. $35.00 to non.members(050); Hastinvn-Hudson. NY.10706 microfiche, $17.00 (M03). A research arid cduLitiOnal organization, the Insti-. Computer Security.. This set of readingsand associ- .tute of Society, Ethics.and the.Life Scienees concen- ated tworial is intended asan overview of the inter- trates on issues in medicine and biolOgy, many of relationships of concerns and technologies inthe field, which involve technologye.g..,government sup- of computer security. 1977; 448pages; $12.95 to non- , portof life-extending technologies, genetics research, members. (139 [77 EH-1124-81)

questions of the regulation of population .size. The .. Speakers on subjects such as security and privacy, the Institute, founded in 1969, has been inVolved in impact of computers on society, and projectionsinto testifying before .Congress, advising in courtcases, the 1980s are often available through localchapters 'imd'dizeminating information. of: the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngi- The. HastingS Censer Report; published six tiMes 'a neers. A list of chapters is available from the IEEEat year. is available to members of the group. (An indi- the address above. vidual membership costs $19.001 . . Institute for the FUture In a recent Publications List were thefollowing items 2740 Sand Hill Road ofi terest to those involVed in the connections pro- Menlo Park, CA.94025 gram: An independent research organization which has ,The Hastings C'enter ROort, October, 1977, which... been in existence since 1973, the Institute for the dmtains "Politics and Goneties:.The Link Between Future studies ways in which computerscan be used Science and Values," $3.50.' to aid Communication among groups of people widely "Health. and Society: Some Ethical Imperatives," separated by distance. Supported in part bygrants *3402, $.30. . from the Advanced Research Projects Agencyand "Who Shall Live When Not All. Gan Live?" and National Science Foundation, the Institute has devel- "Reply,".125,$.45. oped a computer tonferencing system, PLANET, already field-tested by a number ofgroups: Its pri- ,"Legal and Ethical IMplications of Reducing Immi- mary aims are studies of the long-range future, in- gration as Part of a Comprehensive Population Pol- o. eluding effects of technology; development of meth- icy.",3, $.85. odology to make such stucties; the dissetiiinition of "Procreative Rights and Poptilation Policy, '12, $.30. information about the results of their research';and "The Business Community and Population Policy," training of selected people with respect to such,re- 4, $.95. search activities. "Social Justice and Equal Access to Health Care," Ttefree Publications List describes repiirts,papers, 124, $.45. working papers, and other materials available froin the Institute. "Inclutry, Society, and Genetic Engineering," 4005, $.15. Communicating the Future, Andrew J. Lipinsky,re- print of an article originally published in Futures, All ain be ordered from the above address. Apfil 1978, $150. IEEE Computer -gosiety Social Evaluations Of Teleconferencing.,Robert Jo- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers hansen, reprint of an article from TelecOmnumica- Post Office Box 639 dons Policy, Deceinber 1977, $2.00. Silver Spring, MD 20901 America's CominuinkRevoliition7-7the Dispersion of The membership of the IEEE Computer Society is, . Power, 6regory Schrnid, reprint ofan article from restricted to professionals in the field, and their pub- Erecutive, Spring 19* $1.50. lications, listed in their Publications Catalog, reflect .Some Observation.s on the InteractiOn of Technology.-- 1,-

37 4yul Society', Roy Amara, reprint of an article from_ traces the growing need for standards in a world of .Futures, December 1975,; $1.50. increasing technological complexity. Mappi4 Views 'of the Future in a. Small Group, Speakers are available by. contacting Madeleine Robert Johansen and John A. Perguson, reprint from Jacobs, Public Information DiVision, National But

Futures, April..1976, St50. . reau of Stapdal. ,Climate Change to the Year 2000: A Siirveypf Expert National ScieneeFoundation OPinion; conducted by the Researeh Directorate of 1800 G Street, N.W. the National Defense -University with the U.S..Dc- Washington, DC"20550 prtmnt of Agriculture, Defense Advanced Re- search Projects (kgencraiational Oceanic ancl'Atmo- An agencY of the:-Tnited States gdvernm,sm, the spheric AdministrationIand Institute for...the Fntlire National Science, FOundation is dedicated to the stip ' (Roy Amara and ,Huber(.LiPinski), 1978, $1.00 hari- port of scientific research. It is inteidisciplinary. tiling 'charge. . . Mosaic, the Foundation's six-times-a-year magazine, Availa"ble freeare a research serviceS brochure and a is edited for nonspeCialistS 'and, reports on the scien2 newSletter, published four tinies a. year, which dis- tific research supported by the Foundation. 'Though cusses subjects like electronic meetings .arid,. other . not all the articles in the magaline are pertinent to the projects of the Institute. CbN topics; many are of great 'interest. Examples: "AutoMating the Assembly Line" (1976); "A Sci- National Bateau f Standards ence Base for Manufacturing" (1976), "Do Cities United States Department of Conimerce. Change the,Weather?" (1974). (Note: These articles

'Washington, DC 202_14 have been reprinted in Fronlieri 'of Science, 1977V . Since 1901, the. National Bureau of Standafds, the anthology of Past reports; a new edition of,this,book nation's physical, seience and measurement labora- can be obtained from the FoundtiOn,)'silli. .tions tory; has provided the basis for mit measurement to Mosaic are available througfIè Su% rintendent standards. Throngh cloSe collaboration With govern- Of Documents, Governme"ntr'Printi ffice, Wash- ments;, universities, and other institutions, the Ru- ington.DC 20402 at acost of $8.55year. lean is pre*ntly involved in .projects ranging from The FOundation offers films on freeV loan. These are stUdies of the safety of children's toys to Computer,. listed'in their film catalog (#78-59), obtainable from) utilization:to investigations of outer space. ' F01111$ and Publieations, at the above address. Films For 'sale through the Superintendent of Documents, that run about 5 or 6 minutes are available froin Asso- U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC ciation Films, 1111 North 19th. Street, Suite 404, 20402, are several National Bureau of Standards Arlington, VA 22209, Attn. Steve Mahan. They publications. Among them; '. include: Science on Its Way to Workdescribes the work of Promise of Plato, about an experiment using Corn- the Bureau and intluens of technological change on puter-Assisted Instruction in the classioorn. : standards. $1.60. (GPO#003-003-01943-7) .1 Earth Resources Technology Satellite, illustrating how Automation in the Marketplace7- explains automated space t4chnology enables scientists to look at the cash registers, bank teller machines, and grocery globe in order to benefit people through inereasing store check-out systems. $.90. (GPO #003-003- food supplies, discovering mineral resources, and so 01969-1 ) on. A film catalog (LC 1095, 1978) describes films avail- Experimental Forest, about alternatives to clear- able on free loan to various organizations (including cutting forests for timber. educational gnes) and gives ordering instructions. CitY 'with a Better Idea, a look at Tacorna, Washing- Examples of .pertinent films are: ton, which" is, using aerospace technology in public Demonstration in Urban Noise Control, color, 3 min-. services. ; hows_.technokkg.icatcotit inns. tali technorogi- The _Futtize Environment: Your Choice,- showing-bow cal problem.- goals of clean adand water and abundant energy can _NW Noise Presentation, color, 10 Minutespre- be met with the assistance of economic model's. sents and measures various sonroes of noise pollu- Feature films may be obtained from several sources, tion: industry, construction tools,lock bands. all listed in the catalog.,Among tilese films are: Standards fcir Excellence, color, 28 Va mintitesstarts RANN7a Progress .Report, 14, minutes., showing at Monticello with a presentation of Tlx:imai Jeffer- how:researchers are usingicience and technology to son's standards for time, weights, and pleasures; find solutiOns to environmental and energy problem.s,

38 39 . 'tO increase foodprt)duction, to.,:providebett*r healih cisesA Matter .of LimitL" "An Assessment.of care., and to 'improve the quality ofslife. (Modetri Mechanisms that Aid Worker-AdjustMent toTechno- Talking Picture Service ,232 Hyde park Road, New logica) Onange," 'The personal 'CoMputer Revolu- H.yde Park, NY. 11040) tion," '`Carbon Dioxide and Climate': The Role of iWhiat about Tonwrrow ?, 1814'2 Minutes,an explora- the Terrestr61 Biosphere." WriteTraveling Lecture -- tion of basic, research iiti 'depletion cif the QZ PrOgrani, University Programs, at the abo'Ve address. layer,..laser, chemistry, e4thquake prediction, other technolOgical coriceris. (Modern Talking lic- Office of TechnOlog Assessment (OTA)

ture Service) ' I WashingtOm DC 20510 / Createdin1972, the 00ice of Technology Assess- Oak Ridge Associated U4iversities ' ent's purpose, is to provide Congress with -early Pgst Of.tice'Box 117, , dications of the broad range of impacts of tec4- Oak Ridge, TN 374830 n logical applications on our 'society." With, this The naine Oik Ridge Associated UniversitieSis a inftirmation, Members of Congresscan examine' mis11-01Nr this organi4t1on i; not a Uni,versity, has longrange issues and come to well-Considered'con- no, s udent txdv, grants no degrees. It isa nat-for; clusionPribrities of the OTA for 1979 include Al- profi corporation of 45 !instittitions of higher ecluca- ternative clobal Food Futures; Technology and .; tion tt; conducts edu4ational.progtains, research;* World PopUlation; Impacts Of TeChnologyon Pro-' and traing, primarily for the Department Of En- ductivity, Inflation, and ErnplOyinent; Peace Tech- ergy,, but' also for ,othei 'agencies; both public and nology; Impact of Microprocessingon Society; Fu- 'private. Oak 'Ridge, a 'Secret city during World War tide of Military uipment; Weather and Climate II, is now internatiOnally known center for scien- Technology; Electrital Vehicles. A book explaining, stific reseaksh and dvvelopment. these priorities is avai'1able from OTA,as is a list of The AtIleriL ij Museum Of Science and EriergY, based publiCations (OTA-P- 8).Publications, some _of rin Oak Ridgoffers doirnaihtrationS;liands-on ex- which are listed here, ca be ordered from the Super- hibits, and -plays: of gadgets and machines, all intendent of Documents, United States Government designed to teU, the" story of `energy. The Museiim Printing Office, Washingt m, DC 20402s Division also pr vides eXhibiml with teacherdemon- Development of MedicalTechnology: Opportunity stritors and paning Curriculum Inaterhds, forAssessment (GPO #05-003-Q0217-5), effects of which travel from lace to place in 27 states. in addi- new technology; nine, easeistories. $180. tion, modular exhihitS, which .are 'designed for eaSy Government Involvement inithe Imiovation Process. handling by local sponsorS, are available. Write to the A Contractor's Report (GPIO #052-003-00576-0), Sdenee.Educational Resources' Centerat the above the role of the Federalsgovernment in influencing the addiress for more inforniation. introduction of'new technol gies, goods, and services , The EnergyEducation Division operates high school into the'marketplace. $2.5 , dernonstration programs( This Atomic Worlil) and a Impact of a Department Of Educationon Federal series of seminarSon .energy, (Energy Today and To- Science and Technology iktivities (GPO #052- morrow) planned, for adults at civic anti communitY 003-00573-5), suggested Criteria for, evaluating the meetings. Albert Einstein: A Motet; a character study impacts of anew Department of Educationon educa- of Einstein presented as a play, touri the country. For tion programs in science and technology. 'further inforination about scheduling, spbnsorship, and performance:schedules, .write the Energy Edu, Public Interest Research brottp cation Division: 1346 Connecticut Avenu N.W., Suite 419a Publications include a Newsletter (free on.request.), Washington, DC 20036 1 which contains,articlesonnew energy technologies. A Ralph Nader organtion, the Public Interest Re- search Group (PIRG) does research, testifies before A TraVeling Lecture 'Program welcoMes requests for speakers froM organization& affiliated :with colleges CouressionaLcommitties ancLlohhiesin_Cangress for issueS of public cci em. and Universities. Sponsoring 'organizations are re- sponSible kr providing local tranaportation, lodging Order publicadons fr m PIRG by writing. to PubliC and food.. Many lectures, given-by scientists, are Interest Research Group, P.O. Box 19312, Washing- planned for layMen -and deal with subjects of interest ton, DC 20036. All orders should be prepaid. A pub- to those participating. in Conneetions: Technology lications list is available upon request. Of interest are:

,and C1ange-16r exaMple,'"Communication to the Letter to Energy Research and Development Adminis- Public on 'Technical Topics by GovernrrientrAgen- tration ( ERDA) frtm Center for Science in the Public

39 Interest,' Consume.r. Action No-tiridPIRG, .Jufy, ItobOt.lnatitute of Ainefica 1977. .The letter points out weaknesse,s, ina public 20501 Ford Road education project,. on solar energy, 'operatedby Dearborn, MI 48128 *Honeywell, Inc., under contract to ERDA. 10pages, .$.70. . The Robot Institute of AmeriCa, a Professional or- kanization 'dedicated to the development and ad- Consumer PartiCipation in the Regulation of Public vancement of robotics; prodUces information; niost Utilities, ;Robert Letlar and ,Martin Rogol. Thisre-.. of it technical, in the form of ,newsletters,.seminars, print (1976) provides a rnOdel statutelor establishing conferences, research 'reports', market studies, case consumer group tOpartieipate in public Utility regu. histOries. Videotape/films, showing robots in action, lation.32pages, $40 for postage. are available from George W. Kipper, Technical Divisions, SoCiety of Mamitacturing Engineer's (at Energy-Efficiency': the EConomy, and Jobs, a .197$ the address above). An example is: address by Ralph Nader. This pamphlet 'discusses the intricate relation.slp of enersisions on thepoor, The Industrial RobotAn Intro. duction, 20 minutes. energy efficiency, and s.the-,-4.-4notliy:. 13 pages, $1:1p... The film begins with an-explanation of how the robot :00 IF developed and why it has become a part of modern Asbestos Contaniinatibkin'Schoitl .Biiildings, .Gay- indu,stry, then goes on to show roboteat work. Price lord Bourne. A discussioh of the d4gers of asbestos to nonmembers; rental, $40; sale. $2p0. .10 'health ernphasizts hOw\teechno44 has caused'

hazard In cOmitiercial bilildings and-what can be done The Rockefeller Foundation . abouti it. $7.00 to institutions, $3.50 to individuals;. 1133 Avenue of the Americas make cheeks payable to Disability'RightsVenter. New York, NY 1D036. MUltinational Monitor,- Vol., 1,, Ti(o' Winter' 1978- Endowed by John D. Rockefefler in 1912, The 1.974. Well of- the.'information in thisbulletin in Rockefeller Foundation is chartered to "promote the newSpaper fen-Mat has to do with teciMologicatcon. well-being of mankind throughout the world!' At tamination.of othq countriA.. through export -of present, it has five programs: Arts, Humanities, and huardousjobs,.disease; and pollution. $1.00'. iTh Contemporary Values'; The 'Conquest of I:I-Linger; Equal Opportunity; International Relations; Popula,- Public Technalogyclic. -- tion and Health. 1.140 Connecticut Avenue, N.W RF Illustrated, a newspaper-format magazine/news- :Washington, DC 20034 letter issued,about tWice a year, contains articles of interest on topics such as agri*Cultural research,con- This non.protit.organization designed to serve traceptive technology, environment; new publica- "the 'governmental 'needi of cities, counties, and ' tions of the Foundation are listed in its .. pages. Ex- .,statesi",- It utilizes new technology to improve dehvery. arnpris of past publications: The Education of Women of- public. services and reduce their costs. . . for Technological Societies; International Pigoblems in .Pubhcations, available. free 'froin the above address, Environmental Monitoring; 4ellagio IV Population include: s *Conference (position papers)f.Society; Culture, and Agriculture. Most of the publications, all of whichare 77/055Public Techruji ogy Inc.: Aiyew Institution free, go oat of print rapidly2so it is best torequest ,for Local and Stair Governments. inclusion on the mailing list for RF Illustrated, then 77/056-7-Technology Transfer for 4cal GOvern- ordet current pUblicatiors listed there. ment: A five,- Year ProgreSs Report, Scientists' lastItUte for Palk Information ' 7 8 / 0.0k7- Public TeChnology AfewSletter, sample issue. 355 Lexington Menne .78/002 PTI Publications List,'current update. New York, NY 10017 7e/075 Urban Technology System Technkal Briefs Plans of the Scientists' Institute for Public Informa- --7coit6se stuninariesof over 130 methods for solving tiOn for 1979 include broadening the science informa- ___ss.71,goscinment.pr.o.h1cms._ tiem program and audience. It's vial; "to_easure public access to full informationon vital science 76/015 Transportation Planning,and lmpaFore- poliey issues." Current programs (among' others): Cutting Tool,..s., emPhasiS on* Urban ilanspor tion presenting informatio,,on energy alternatives' and Planning Systeni (UTPS) planning package. their emplOgivnt impact to labor; working to met 781014Alternative Work Schedules, waOf reliev- .informatioriMds of inner-city community organiza- ing traffic Congestion that ,complica planning and tions; analyzing the social implications Of lawen- Operation of transportation systeMs. forcement's tia; of technology, gartkularly computer technology ; bringing together viewpointSanddataon Press publications produced nUclear waste management with federal furids(the so that all involved can majority) must be purchased through agree ondata base. - the Superinten-". dent of Documents, U.S. GoveinthentPrinting Of- Membership in the.litkitutc, whichis' open tonon- fice, Washington, DC 20402. -Yradebooks may be scientisis, CoSts $25annually and includes iiibscrip,' purchased directly froin the Press.A. catalOg may be lions to Sipi Scope (abimonthly newslettei) and obtained from the Press. Typicalpublications of in- Environment Magazine. terest arc: Publications, available from theabove address,,in- 'How Presses' 'print, ClaudiaOkaes. 16 pages, 1977, elude $.85., Synthetic Fuels and Cancer,$.1.50 plus $.28 first Steam Locomotives, John- White.16 .pages., 85: Energy Conservation, Employment,and the Econ- omy, $2.50 phis $.93 first class. "Langley's Aerodrome," 1978 (folder,free). Nuclear Power, Economics; andthe Envi.ronmot, Georg Scheutz and the First Printing CalculatOr,Ufa' $2.50 plus $1.06first class. Merzbach. 74 pages; 1977,no price listed. Econorti4t -.Implications ofEnergy Conservation, . United States Standar& of Weightsand Measures: 5.00-plUs $1.80 priorityrate. !,Their Creation and Creators,: ArthurH. Frazier. 21 Air Pollution, $6.00 plus $1.80 priorityrate. pages, 1978, no price listed. Water Pollwiqn, $6.00 plus $1.80priority r GalileO Galilei!'Operations of theGeometric and Mai- ,' wry. Compass, translatedby Stillman Drake. lop RadioactivcCoivamination, $6.00 plus $1.80 priority pages, 1978, prob. $5.06. Drake, in introducing leo's own treatise on hiscompass, likens iii social NOTE: The last three books arepart of a Harcourt impact to that of the pocket calculatortoday. Brice Jovanovich series produced byScientists' Insti- tute for Public Information. MANtransFORMS; Hans 1-1011ein.-172pageS; 197, $5.95. The author offers insightsinto the hidden human factor's that influencedesignour effect on Smithsonian institution. technology. Washington, DC.20560 The Men ,and Machines of American Englishman James Sinithson left Ihis Journalism: A property to "the Pictorial Essay, Peier C. Marzio.144 pages, 6 9-9, United States of America, to foendat Washington, , $3495. A historNof news in America,tlomthe st tinder the name of the ShiithsoriianInstitution, an point of the interplay between Establishment for the men and machines, the increase and diffusion of book aims to show that revolutionaryperiods in jour- knowledge among men,- Smithson diedin4 829. and nalism have occurred when imaginative the Institution was founded in. journalists 1846. Its Establish- have made the most of the technologyat their dis- 'ment consists of the President ofthe United States posal. and other high government officials.A Board of Regents, drawn from the privateas well as the piiblic Individual members' of the Press staffare sometimes sector, administers the Institution's affairs. available fit- speaking engagements. Addressinqui- The ries to E. F. Rivinus, Director, Smithsonian Institution is involved in research,main- at the above addre&s. tains a library, and publishes books andother mate. ;rieis. Under its aegis fall Smithsonian 1rawe1ins ExhthitionSerrke (Sn'ES) many ,museums, including Washington, DC20560 the National Museum of Historyand Technology and the;National Air and SpaceMustiim; the Smith- plis SC rXiCE of the SmithsonianInstitution takes the sonian AstroPhysicai Observatory; the National Zoo- exhibitions it. offers beyond the nation'Scapital to logical Park; and several internatiolialprogtarris. communities everywhere in the UnitedStates: The exhibitions,..deiigned foreasy handling arid set-uP, Smithsonian Instkution Press are described in Update, a catalog availablefrom the ,Wa.shington,MC 20560" Smithsonian. Because the- displaysare' rented for 4 . month, it would probably be best for youto encour- A servic,,e publisher for theSmithsonian Institution ,,age your college, local library, Museum, (research, collections, exhibits) or various and also a publishing community groups (perhapsa consortium formed for house siinilar to a universitypress, the Smithsonian this purpose) to 'rent the exhibitions,which come with, Institution Press prodUces fiom 150to 2.00 Publica- background material, catalogs, tions each yeir--pamphlets; bibliographies, edit, tOTochtites,flye cational materials, and promotional kitsevehtips- monograPhs, and books., AllStnitbionian Institution on how to get public funding for the exhiifits, ExaMples: tains 20 pages, and is available for $5'4)0, prepaid. images oi Earth from SPace,' 50 Photographs. Full- Intercisted people, can be included op the Society's Color photographs:of Eartt 'taken by Landsat satel- mailing list'. To obtain speakers, write to the Society, cOmbine* technology vii,th aesthefics and inforM who will asSign people as membership permits: the viewer,(iiielabels and text.panels) of practical uses United States Consumer Predict Safety Commission Ot Such phofbgraphy in su5veying environment.and Washington, DC 20207 . c.csources. S50Q; The work of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Coin- Man in His EnvirOnmeat, 30-mipute, color filar; free- mission, establishedin 197-3, affects the design, con- standing panels.; six exhibit areasenergy, waSte, -struction, contents, packaging, and labeling of more 'IOW. population.' lifestyle,', limited resources; six than 10,000 consumer products. Itis a watehdog mini-dioramas. Modular. Designed and pgoduced by, agency, Whose primary goal is to reduce injuries asso- the Eisld Museum.chicago,.this-exhibition,presents ciated with consumer products. Priorities for action in the planet in terms of its ecological systeins and the 1978-1979 include litigatiOn on aluminum wiring ways in ,whichve4ple are imposing-themselves on (cause of fires) and consideration of mandatory regu- thoseSystems. giiestions: How many people can the lation pf pbwer powers, benzene, space heaters, wori4d feed? H4VV; Much' will it cOst? 'What .kinds of t , miniature Christmas trek lights, and other products of technology an be.; imposed on natural ,systems with- modern technology. It is also inVolved in investiga- Out,destroying them? $560. tion and control of potentially .cancer-causing sub- Vlsionary.ArChiti*ure, 10 drawings by architects, Stances, such as-those in children's sleepwear, and it

plannerS,enginee* .This exhibit presents aspira- . will possibly do research on asbestos, CI3 and tele- . , tionsliclinological and utopfam--for improyement Vision antennas, energy conservation, projectile toys, bilhe-edVironment. $2000. and_woke detectors. .4meric0 Agriculture: .A. Continuing Revolution, 44 In.general, 10 copies pr less of fact Sheets and some photopoinels. The three revolutionk of Ame rican.agri- Other Publications can be obtained free by writing fo c4ltur4 ("horsepower revolution,""mechanized the above address. Quantities of more than 10 can be 'revOluiion," "green.,revolution") are the subject 'of ordered from the Superintendent of Documents,. this S4TES exhibjt $200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. For further infortnation, write the Commis- '.frIttra?' Extra! The`Menand Machines of Anierican Animalism, 44 photopanel.S...Fvn hand preSses to sion' for A Catalogue of Publications, Radio,. F. ielevision, technological change has. had.a strong Slides, Fact Sheets, T

. influence on the wayS in which news has'been girth- Some Fact Sheets of in erest.are: ,erediand.,reported. This exhibition, adapted from the "Why Doesn't Same y Do Sontething1"a flyer \ 1-kriiY Luce Hall ofNews.Reporting inthe NatiOnal describing the respon ibilities of the Commission Museum of History and Technology, tells stor: (GPO #052-003-00034-2; $.35 Per copy). "Public Participation' in Standards DeVelopment," Technology Transfer Society- Fact Sheet #30 (GPO #052-011-00031-4, $2.65 for 50 copies). 41171,20 West Pica poulevard Los Angeles, CA 90064 "Aerosqls," Fact Sheet #33 (GPO #052-011-00034- 5, $2.65for 50.copies). Organized in 1975, the Technology Transfer Society is open' to technologists. scientists, economists, people "Vinyl Chloride," Fact Sheet #5$ (GPO #052-011- in'buSineSs, and other professionalsor .students in- 00-656-6, $1.75 for 50 copies).. terested in prothoting iti goalto accelerate the: How-to Mama] for Product Safety7 People Make it cdminunication 'of teChnolOgical advances from the Happenaguidebook for organizing community . laboratory to the commercial sector. Nonprofit and programs on product safety (40#052-011-00152- ftliternational, it isa corporate member of TECiINO- 0, $3.25 Per copy). k/ Az,. the trehnoIngy exehange _.cif Control 'Asbestos," Consumer AIrf Sheet. Corporation. The Society produces the Biblio; -tetcibrary. Vollime I, TechnologyTransfer; A Bib- Consumer Information C, or, lists more than 200 liO'graphy, outlines in bibliographic form the evolu- free or low-cost ons developed by more than technolOgy transfer thtoughout the last dec- 24 federal agencies. (Write Consumer Catalog, Puebfo, CO 81009.) , Edited by J. K. Perrin and Susan UnderwOod, .wihan introkluction by Herb Rosen, it was pNuced Films are available on free loan from 26 regional osiociation with. Doctimentation Associates, eon- offices of MVern Talking Pictures, Inc. (listed in the agency's catalogue of publications) or may be pur- ei518coversthe history of energy use in America chased from National Audiovisual.Center. Order and new technologies. Department., Washington,' DC20409. EnergyThe American Experience, 281/2 Minutes, Play lt Safe, color. .11 mintiitessafety tips for using color,, #507follows hiStory (including growth of po4:er lawnmowers and hedge trimmers. Price: industry and inventions) with information about . $56.75.. new energy technologies. 'People Make it Happen, color filmograph, 23 min- The Feast, 29 minutes, color, #455 showsa feast utes--deScribes' the safest selection, use. maihte-. between two hostile tribes in the framework ofa .nance, storage. and disposal ofconsumer products. population genetics study. Price: $113.50... Trunsportation-The _Way Ahead, 7:45 minutes, United States Departmentof Energy color, #521covers our dependenceon the automo-; Washington, DC20585 ,bile, alternatives to .the internalcombustion engine, In. 1977.7., the Departrnent of 'Energy..the twelfth new energy sources and ressarch. agencs.)i9,' .theCabinet, was created to consolidate The Department's Speaker's Bureau iS described in 'programsandautfices'dedicated roenergy and to carry .Qut the Nation's energy policy. The their brochure DOE/OPA-0040 (9-78). You can department is arrange for speakers on a number of technology- tespOnsible for the research, development, and dem- related subjects by contacting, regional offices, field onstration of energy technology as well as the market- offices (listed in the brochure), or Washington head- ing. Of:Federal power,' energY regulation and con- quarters. servation. and other energy-relatedactivities.. - A catalog of publiCations js available from the,above Linked States EnvironmentalProtection Agency address. To order publicationS;"write to: 'Technical Office of Public Affairs In.formation Center,United States Department 'of Washington, DC 20460 Energy, Post Office tox 62,. OakRidge, TN 37830. The' U.S. Environmental Protection ExaMples .(free ): . Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 to deal with problems created EnergY Technologydescrilies the researchneeded by the groWth of technolOgy---e.g., to dkal with energy needs. noise, garbage,, anti chemicals in the air and Water. Anindependent

Waste Heat RecOvery: More .Power fromFarlsei- agency,it administers -laws .Passed by Congress plains how the -bottoming cycle"can produce' more through its headquarters in Washingtonand ten re- electric power: gional offices. It uses both incentivesto encourage Water Power: Use of a RenewableResourceSurveys efforts to abate pollution and law enforcementto Stop useSof hydroelectric poWer. polluters. Agriculture, Energy, and Society-aivers theimpact, Agency publications are listed ina quarterly guide, of present-day agricultUral. methods ,Onenergy re- available free froth: U.S. EnvironmentalProtection sources (designed for high' schools). Agency, Printing ManagementOffice, PM 215; Washington,' DC 20460, Energy in the Global Marketplace:--Irelates global or from one of the agency's regional offices. Non-technical publicationsare listed balances of power to energy prices (designed for high in the front section of the guide; schoOls). those that are free (all those listed below)can be ordered from the same Films can be obtained On free loan. Seethe Depart- sources. Some exathples: ment of Energy film catalog, availablefrom the above The Challenge of the, Environment: address, for ordering instructions. Examples: A Primer on EPA's Staithory Authority,December 1972: The Atom and'Archaeology, 25 minutes,color, #505 'Earth Trek. .Explore Your Environment, July 1974. _shows:technology used ininterpreting data about ancient civilizations. Atmospheric Lead and Public Health,April 1972. The itioni and the Environment, 2 2 _minutes,. Trends in the QualiTof the Nation'sAir., 1971 , color, #462 ties atomic. 'energyto environmen4a1 con- Where to Find State Plansto Clean the Air, .1974. Cern4'. iyoise: Unwanted By-Product ofModern Life. Conservationinvesting in Tomorrbw; 61/4- minutes, What You Shouldknow. About the Pesticide LaW, wlor, #517 explores' conservation technologiesof .1976. the present and future. The Automobile Cycle:An Environmental and, Re- Ener A Family Albume. .8:33. minutes, coior, source Reclamation Problem.

43 Can .Engineering' Cope with the Debris of APluence? ary, 1979, the company held a Symposium' on Tech- DISCUSA Solid Waste Management Garr. nology and Society, a seven-part series examining the impact of technology andindustrialization on society. New Technplogies in Solid Waste Management. Some of the mete rialfrom this symposium is available Use of Solid Waste as a fuel by Investor-Owned Elec- .through Paul B. Jones, Manager, Corporate Com- tric Utility Companies: EPA1 Edison Electric Instinue munications Programs, at the above atddress. Meeting. Technology Talks, a program to communicate with Clean Water and Agriiiilture, 1977. the public on issues involving technology, features No Small Task: Establishing National Effluent Limi- speakers froth the corporate Research and Develop- tations Guidelines and Standards; 1976. ment Center. Requests for these speakets should be channeled through Paul B. Jones. The AgencY offers filins on a free loan basis from two IV* sources: World Future Sodety 1) .National Andiovisual Center, .Film bistribution 4916 St. Elmo Avenue (13ethesda) Branch,' Washington*, DC 20409. Washington, DC 20014 - 2) Modern Talking Picture Service; 2323.New Hyde Founded in 1966 by a group of private citizens, the Park Road, New Hyde Park:NY 11049. World RitUre Society serves as anindependent fbfurn. .Requests should be made at least three months be- and clearinghouse for exploration of the future and tbre 'the date on which you want to-showthe seeks, in particular, to "promote the development .complete list is included in the brochure Films from and improvement of methodologies for therstudy of EPA (free), .which can be ordered 'from the. EPA.. the future."Its membershipnow over 20,000 Printing Management -Office. Of Partichlar interest people in more than 80 countries----is open to -any-. for-Connectipm: TeChnology and.Change: one, at costs reflecting the degree of participation ($15.00 to $90.00). AK inaberships include a sub- The Gifts, revised 1973, 28 minutes. This documen- scription to the brganizationi bimonthly magazine, tary tells.what has happened to the, Americanland- The Futurist. scape as a result of resource exploitation and tech-. nology. (Modern Talkihg Picture Service) The World Future. Society Catalog, free from the above address, describes memberships, lists publica- Voices, 1974, 28 minutes. Three groups fighting the. tions and other materials, VW inclucteS:an article, encroachments of technological advance:( roads, air- "How Futurists Explore the Future: A Brief Intro- oKrts, dams) are featured.. (Modern,Talking Pketure ductionfor Newcornersi" in additiOn toa glossary of 'Service ) terms( Of interest: .A Question of Values, 1972, 28 minutes. People-in a The Future: A Guide to Information Sources provides Maine town debate the question of whether to allow a complete listing of educational programS, and an oil refinery to be builtjobs vs; oil spills. (Na- courses,currentresearchprojects,periodicals, tional AudioVisua. I Center) * books, Oms, videotapes, games, and other informa- tion refuting to the future and5 its technologies. The First Pollution, 1972, 26 minutes'. This film'shows . technological efforts to stem water pollution. (Na- 1979, $25.00 to nonmembers. tional'Audk)visual Center) Appropriate Technology, a 24-page reprint, $1,50. The Second Pollution, 1973, 22-4initteS; Future of Work and Careers, a 16-page reprint,A1.50. lion in Los Angeles and ChicageAvhat'kihe solu- lion ?.( National Audiovisual Center) Tape recordings, listed in the Society catalog, may also be purchased through the Society. Etiamples: The Realitio of Recycling, 1971, 3,8 minutes. The film shows flew technology being investigated and &non-,* 1-7603 The Government and Technological Innova- strated under die' provisions of the Solid Waste Dis- lion. Jordan Lewis of the National Science Founda- posal Act. (National Audiovisual Center)....', tion discusses how the Federal goyernment can affect technology *through .its purchasing power. (Other Westinghouse Ekctrk Corporation' side:Public Policy and Earthquake Protection) Westinghouse Building $6.00. Gateway Center 1-7608 Careful' Technoloky for ate Environment. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 Jpan Nicholson of the Bolton Instituteialks about the Westinghouse Electric -CoepOration manufactures need tO match man's technology with the ecological and sells products for the generation, transmission, system. (Other side : Growth and the Community En- distribution, and control of electric power. In Jams vironment) $6.00. T-7406 The Future of theWired City. Marvin Cetron, 1978, 48 pagesanalyzes lois of cropland through President of Forecasting International,provides a conversion to nonagricultural uses, erosion, deSertifi- technological assessnient of the effectsof teleConunu- cation, and diversion of irrigation water;presents nications on citks. (Other side: TM Futureof Man- questions for the future. agerneru Communications) $6.00. _ , 4. ,25. Worker ParticipatiOn7 Productivity -"andthe A tilm, Toward Year 2000, is a television meeting Quality of Work Life, Bruce StOkeS, 197, 48 of Herman Kahn, Margaret Mead, pages and William Irwin discusses labor-management,cooperaticln to improve ThOmpson, which Centerson agriculture, the atmo7 the quality of Wotk life; raise productivity, cOpe with sphere, energy, the-family, famine andflush toilets, economic problems., genetic engineering, India. industrialization,nation- nuclear war, rate-of-change, satellites,and 25. Planting for the Future: Forestry for Hurrilin other subjects directlyor indirectly'related to tech- Needs, Erik Eckholm, 1979, 64 .pagespresents nology. Videocassette (3/4" or Betamax): purchase, trends in deforestation and theirsources, economic $100; rental, $20. 60-minute audio-cassette,$7.50. implications, some new approaches to forestry in the Third World. 1;6 arrange for a speaker,contact the national head- quarters or one of the local chapters of the World Future Society. . Warldwatch Institute ,)1776 Massachusetts Avenue Part Two: Museums with Washington, DC20036 Eihibits Pertinentto Conceived and designed by William M.Dietel and Lester R. Brown, Worldwatch Instituteis an inter- CONNECTIONS national,interdisciplinary, nonprofit organization primarily funded by theRockefeller Brothers Fund The following list ofmuseums that 'feature exhibits of (though other sources also contribute).Its aim is "to interest to participants in -Connections:Technology encourage a reflective, deliberate approach to global and Change was drimi from The OfficialMuseum problem solving." Directory 197811979, published by TheAmerican Worldwatch books, published by W. W.Norton, are Association of Mustums in Washington,D.C. The list is by no means exhaustive. available in bookstores and from thepublisher, not Agricultural, medical, from Wurldwatch. and military museumS,often providedisplays of tools and machinery with technological,impact,on society. The Worldwatch Papers, issued six timesa year, can Indian and archaeologisoc 6hibitsshow, how technol- be ordered from the abOve address. A price list is ogy ,sitaped life in simpler- times.Historic parks and available. Cost: I copy $2.00; 2-10 copies $1.50 museum villages show old-fashioned methods ofin: each ; 11-15 copies$1.25 each; 15or more copies dustry in operation. Forinformationabout museums $1.00 each. A yearly subscription, whichcosts in your area, write to Robert Matthai, Serv- $25.00,' includes all thcpapers and books originated ices Group, .Box 241,.New'York,NY 10024. by Worldwatch2 Alabaissa SOme recent papers of interestare: 'Alabama - Space and Rocket Center, Tranquility 19., The Solar Energy TiMetable, Denis Hayes, 1978, Base', Huntsville 35807 40 pageitconcludes, thAt we could get most of Our George Washington Carver Museum, Iliskegee energy 45m the sun by 2050, with 70 billion square tutc, Tuskegee 36088 (scientific.achievements) meters of solar collectors and 5 million wind turbines. Museums of the City, of -Mobile, 355 Ooverrunent 21.2 Soft Technologies, flard Choices, Colih Norman, Street,'Mobile 36002 .(naval,, transportation,fi're- 1978, 48 pagesdiscusses criteria- for the choice of fighting equipment) technologies: energy, efficiency, environmental im- United States Army Aviation Museum,Building -pact, social equity, and best tise of resources. 6007, Fort Rucker 36362 (aircraft) 23. Repairs, Reuse, Recycllng First StepsToward a Wesleyan Archives,and Museum, Box5206, Univer- Sustainable Society, Denis Hayes, 1978, 48pages sity Of North Alabama, Florence35630 (business talks about ways of reducing waste and recycling mac-1.1-41.es) .materials through local programs as wellas central- Alaska ., ized facilities. Alaska State Museum, Subport, PouchF.M. Juneau 24. The Worldwide Lag' of Cropland, Lester Brow . . 99811 (early industry) I. Arizona Miners Ridge Museum, P.O. Box 481, Silver Plume The Ari2ona Museum, 1002 West Van Buren Street, 80476 \\ Phoenix 85007 (transportation) University of Colorado Museum, Broadway betWeen. Bisbee Civic Center ;ilia Mining and Historical Mu- 15th and 16th Streets, Boulder 80309 (tools, musi- seulo,?IQ.Box 451, Bisbee 85603 cal instruments) Jerome State Historic Park, P.O.- Box D,. Jerome Western Museum of Mining and Industry; 1025 86331'(i1:lining.) Northgate Road, Colorado Springs 80908

Arkansas. Counecticut Museum Of ScienCe and History, MacArthur Park. American Radio Relay League.Museum of Arna- Little Rock 72202 N- teur Radio, 225 North Main Street, NoWington. 06111 Phillips Coinpany Museum. 623 Pecan Street, Helena, 72342, (Edison collection of inventions) Bradley Air Museum of The Connecticut Aeronautic The PlantatiOn Museum, Inc., P.O. Box 38, Scott Historical ASSociation, Inc., Bradley International Airport, Windttir-tikis 06096 72142 (equipment and tools, steam tractors, black- smith shop) Museum oi Art, SciOnce; and Indu,stry, 4450 Park Avenue, Bridgeport 66404

: California. Museum of Central Connecticut State .Coilege, New Alexander F. Morrison Planetarium, Golden Gate Britain ,06050 (industry) Park, San Francisco 94118 (space science) phi New-Gate Prii,on 'and Copper Mine, Newgate California Division Mines and Geology, Ferry Road, East Granby 06026 Building, San Francisw h111 Sloane-Stanley Museum and Kent Furnace, Route,7, California Museum of Science and Industry, 700 Kent 06757 (early American tools and imple- State Drive, Los Angeles 90037 ments) California Oil Museum, 1003 Main Street, Santa "'are Paula 931Y60 (oiltechnOlogy) e ey Museum, Greenville, WilMington 19807. Diablo Valley College Museum; Golf Club Road, (t chnology, patent models, textile mill) Pleasant Hill 94523 (scientific instruments) District of Columbia Eastern California Mt3seüm, 155 Grant Street, Inde- pendence 93526 (tIs and transportation) National Air and Space Museum, Seventh Street ana Independence Avenue, KW., Washington 20560 The Exploratorium, 36th Lyon, San Francisco 94123. National Geographic SocietyExplorers Hall, 17th (art and techhology) . and M Streets, N.W., Washington 201136 (sP1S.ce, Lawrence Hall i'.)f SciOriee, UniVersity of California, aeronantics; technology) Centennial Drive, Flerkeley 94720 . .. National Museufn of History and Technology,140 Rosicrucian Scienee Museum and Planetaiium, Rosi- -Street and Constitution Avenue, N.W2, Washing- crucian Park, San Jose 95191 (aertmautics, com- ton 20560 Munications, 'electricity) Smithsonian Institution,1000 Jefferson Drive, S.W., 1649, El San Diego Aero-SpaCe Museum, Inc., Washington 20560 'Prado, Balbt.Vark. San Diego 92101 United States Department of the Interior Museum, ,San Diego Hall of, Science, d/bla Reuben H. Fleet 18th and C Streets, NAV., Washington 211)240 Space Theater and Science Center, 1875 El Prado, (mining, toolsj Balboa Park, San Diego 92101 .Space Science Center, 12345 EFMonte Road `Los Florida Altos Hills 94022 Edison Homo Museum, 2350 McGregor Boulevard, Fort Myers 33901 (inventions of Thomas Edison) Colorado Il_illsborough County Museum. 1101 East Rii Clear Creek Historic Mining and Milling' Museum, Cove, Tanipa33674 '23rd Avenue and Riverside Drive: Idaho Springs JohnGorrie State Museum, Apalachicola 32320 (in- 80452 ventions of John Conic) Colorado School'of Mines Geology Museum, 16th The John young Museum and Planetarium, Loch and Maple, Golden 80401,(mining) Haven Park, 810 East Rollins Avenue, Orlando Leadville AsSembly. Inc. ,-Box 625, Leadville 80461 32803 (participatory exhibits and displa, Fou- '-(lead mining) cault pendulum, telescope) 0, 7

4I 1.

'Polk Public Mocum, $00 East Palmetto, Lakeland Dis6.Wery Hall MUseum, Century Center, 120 South 33801 St. Joseph Street, South Bend 46601 (vehicles and The Science Center Qf Pinellas County '7701 22nd products) Avenue, North, St. Petersburg 33710 _Elwood Haynes Museum, 1915 South Webster

414Georgia T. 'Street, Kokomo 46901 (satellite invented by El- Atlinta Museum., 537-539 PeachtreeStreet. N.E., wood Hayries) Atlanta 30308 (inventions of Eli Whitney) "Eyithsville Museum of Arts- ahd Sciences, 411 S.E. Georgia Agrirama, 8th`Streetat-Interitate 75, Tifton Riverside Dri,e, Evansville 47713 (transportation, 31,7.94 (agricultural and printing eliipirint, gritt science displays) mill) Indiana Museum of Transpori and Communication, Georgia State MuseuM of Science andIndustry, Int,, P.O..Box 83, Noblesville 46060 Room 431, George State Capitol, Atlanta 30334 Whitewater Canal State Memorial, Box 88, Meta- mOra 4T030(milling machinery, tools, grist Mill) Gio Id Hills of Old Dahloriega, Highway.69.. Dahlo- nega 30553 (Mining) lowg Hamburg State Park Museum, Mitchell 30820 (tools Des Moines CentFr ot; Science and Industry,. 450o and machinery) . Grand Avenue, -Greenwood Park, Des Moines Savannah Science Museum,: inc., 4405 Paulsen 50312 4Street, Sa'vannah 31405 (laboratory exhibit hill) it Kayak Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 1355 Kalihi Street, Agricultural Hall of Fame and National Center. 630 Honolulu 96818 (aerospace) North 126th,Bonner Springs 66012 'Crawford County Museuin, 69 Bypass to 20th Street, Habib Pittsburg 66762 (industry and transportation) Idaho State klistorkal Museum, 610 North. Julia McPherson County Old Mill Museum and Park; 120. Davis Drive. Boise 83706 (tools and machines) Mill Street, Lindsborg 67456 (industrial) Intermountain Science Experience tenter, 1776Scf- , MUseum of Independent Telephony, 412 South ence Cotter Drive. Idaho Falls 83401 (energy) Campbell, Abilene 67410 (telephone techno1og41) Illinois. Original Pony Express Home Station, Inc. 809 North The Adler planetarium, 1300 South Lake .Sh.ore Street, Mirysville 66508 (steam tractor; threshing Drive, Chicap 60605 (scientific instruments., time- equipment) keeping, navigation, engineering) Stevens C6unty Gas and Fliiiorical Kamm, 711 Van Deere and Company, Actministrative Center, John. Buren, Hugoton 47951 (gas industry equipment). Deere Road, 'Moline 61265 (agricultural technof, . ogY) Kentuelly Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Museum of Natural History and Science, 727 West Lake Shore .Drive. Chicago 60605 (textiles, sci- Main Street, Louisville 40202 Transylvania Museum, 300 North Broadway, Lexing- Fryxell GeOlogy Museum, New Science Building, ton 40508 (scientific apparatuS) Augustana College,' Rock Island 61201 '(remote sensling exhibits). Louisiana -In &national Museum of 'Surgical Sciences and Hall Louisiana State Exhibit Museum, 3015 Greenwood f Fame, 1524 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago Road, Shreveport 71109 (industrial and agricul- 60610 tural technology) - A useUm Of .Science and Industry,. 57th Street and Lbuisiana State Museum, 751 Chartres Street, New Lake hore Drive,..Chicago 606,37 (yisitor-gartici- Orleans 70116 (inVentive arts) pation exhibits',. technology of many fields) Maine Telephony Museum, 225 West Randolph Street, Ashland Logging Museum Inc., Box 87, Ashland-- Roorn21G. Chicago 60521 (telephone technology) 04732 (lumbering equipment) The Fryeburg Fair Farm Museum, 164 Main Street, Archives and Company, MuseumEli Lilly and Fryeburg 04037 (agriculture) Iau.CoMpany, Lilly Center, 893.South Delaware, Indi- Maine State Museum, State House. Augusta4)4333 anapolis 46206 (technolo ;,/

47 0.) 4 01 -

Maryland . Minnesota Maryland Academy of .Seiences, 601 Light Street, Bakken Museum of EJectricity in Life, 3537Zenith ,BaltUnore 21230 (the, inquiring mind, spaee,en- Avenue. South, Minneapolis 55416 ergY), . / . Cook County Museum, Grand Marais 55604 (indus- Mount Vernon MUseum of Incandescent Lighting, trial, agricultura4commercial fishing) 717, Washinguin Place, Baltimore 21201. Minneapolis Public Library Science Museum and Massachusetts . Planetariiun, 300 Nicollet Mall, MinneaPolis 55401 (space, eeology, science) Crane Museum, Hou.satonic Sttcet, Dalton 01226 .(papennaking) Steamer "Julius C. Wilkie," Levee Park, 'Winona 55987 (steamboats, technology) Frencla.Cable Station MUseum in OileanS, Corner of Mississippi Cove Street, and Rçute 2-8TOr1eans 02653(tele-

'graph cable technology) . The University Museums, Universityf Merrimack Valleyr Tektite Museum, 800 Massachu- University, MS 38677 (scientific itruments) setts Avenue, North Andover 01845 (machinery Minsouri rn technblogy) Dunklin County Museum, Inc., 122 0311ege, Ken- Museum of Science, Science Park, BostOn 02114 nett 63857 (model engines illustrating power from Museum of Transportation, 15 Newton Street, Larz wind, water: gas, steam, arid. electricity) - , Anderson Park, Brookline 02146 Lead Belt Mineral Miiseum Foiest and Taylor Ave- The National Fire Museum, Edaville R. R., South nues, Fiat River 63601 (industrial exhibits) : Carver 02566 McDonnell Planetarium, 5100 Clayton Road, St.. Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site, 244 Cen- Louis 63110 (space science, Fouctult pendulum, , tral Street, Saugus 0194.)6 seismograph) The Waltham Museum, 194C s Street, Waltham Maramec MuSeum, The James Foundation, Mara- 02154 (clocks, radios, tools rnec SPring Park, St. James 65559 (scale models, ______Iroa.works, grist mill, vehicles) Mleitivuk Missouri Town 1855; JaCkson County Park Depart7 Coppertown USA. 101 Red 'Jacket Road, Calumet Merit, Blue Springs 64015 (technology) 49913 (indastrial technology:related to copper) Museum of Science and Natural History, Oak Knoll Detroit Science Center, 5020 John R. Street, Detroit Park; St. Louis 63105 (communications, lighting, 48202 (exhibits in which, the audiencecan partici- technology) ' pa t e ) NatiOnal Museum,of Transport, 3015 Barrett Station Greentiela Village and HenryFord Museum, Oak- Road, St. COA.i.63122 (technological history of wood Boulevard, Dearboin48121 (18..th-20th cen= transportation and commu)icatiol tury mechanical and industrial arts): 1Mpression 5, Box 774, East Lansing 4882.3 (perma- MOntana neat, and traveling technology exhibits) . .. Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman 59715 (technology) iron Vunty Museum. MuseuM Road, Caspian 49915 Iron Mountain Iron Mine, U.S. Highway' 2, Vulcan Nebraska ) 49892 Plainsman Museum; 210 .16th Street, 'Aurora 68818 Ironwood Historical Museum, 226 East Mcleaod .(inventions) Avenue, Irciiiwood 49938 (iron mining) Nevada Jesse Besser Museum, 491 Johnson Street, Alpena Mackay School of Mines Museum, University of. 49707 (tools, machinery, vehicles, Foucaultpen- Nevada, Reno 89507 dulum). kinHampshire "k" Michigan Historical Muscuni, Michigan }jimmy -and ScienceCenter, 14 Court Street, vision, Michigan Depirtment of State, 505 North Nashua 03060 Washington Avenue, Lansing 48918 (technology, industry, transportation) New Jersey Poll Museum, U.S. 31 and New Holland Street, Hol- Rutgers UniversityCooilli;Illege,N'iehol Avenue,' land 44423 New Bnmswick 08902'(agricultural machinery) The University. of Michigan Exhibit Museum, 1109 TheSpeeddellVilrage, 333 Speedwell Avenue, Geddes, Ann Arbor 48109 (pfimitive irchnology) _ ristown 07960 (factory, telegraph)

48 U.S. Army 'ComintmicationsElectronics Museum,.: Rochester Museum and ScienceCenter, 657 East \Myer Hall.Avenue of Memories, Fort Monmouth'. Avenue, Rochester 14603(technology) 07703.(techntatogiea1 history of militarcommuni- Rogers Environmental EducationCenter, New York cations ) . . State Route 80 West, Sherburne11460. The W2Z.1.. Historical Wireless M um, 19 Black- Salt.Museum, !.Q. 13 wood Drive Trenton 0628 ox 146, Liverpool 13088 (tech- nological history of salt mines) New. Mexico . The Schenectady Museum, NottTerrace Heights, Bradbury Science 1-W, P.O. Box 1663, Los. Aleunos Schenectady 12308 (technoloyand electrical in- Nton545 .. dustry) al Atonnc Museum.- Kirtland Air Force Base' Science Museum, State UniversityCampui, Science East, Alb4querque 87115 (exhibits aboutcurrent Building, Bowers Hall, Cortland13045 (industry, energy programs) ecology) ' New Mexico State UniversityMuseum, Box 3 BV, Staten Island Institute of Artand Sciences, 75 Stuy- itas Cruces 88003 (industry and science.) vesant Place Staten Island 10301 (ecology) Roosevelt County Museum, Portales 88130 (technol- North Carolina ogy) .Morehead Planetarium, East FranklinStreet, Chapel Telt:1)11one PioneerMuseum, 201 Third, N.W, P.O. Hill 27514' (orrery,astronomy instruments,. sci- Box 135, Albuquerque 87103 (communications ence) technology) North Carolina Museum of Lifeand Science, 433 New York Murray Avenue, Durham 27704 (aerospace,trans- Antique 17VirelesS Associatkin, Main Street; Holcolm portation) 14469 (radio and cornmunications,electronics, Weymouth Woods-Sandhills NaturePreserve Mu- electricity) seum, 1386 Southern Pines, Southerh Pines 28387 Canal Museum, Weighlock Building. Erie Boulevard (turpentine industry) East; Syracuse 13202 (models, engineeringrec-: Wright Brothers NationalMemorial, Manteo 27954, ords) Ohio Corning Glass Center, Centerway, Corning 14830 (audio-visual displays, factory tours) Center of Science and Indutuar of The Franklin County Historical Society, 20 East Broad Farmers' Museum, Lake Road, Cooperstown 13326 Street, Columbus 43215 (industry) (machinery and tools, shops, trades) Dayton Power and LighcCompany Glenn Curtiss Museum, Lake and Main Streets, Museum, COUrt- house Plaza, Southwest, Dayton 45401 Haminondsport 14840 (aviation history) Frederick C., Crawford Autd-Aviation Miisikrin The Gregory MuSeum, Long Island Earth Science of The Western Reserve Histdrical Society, Center, Heitz Place. Hicksville 11801 1082,.. East Boulevard, Cleveland 44106 (200 vehicles) The Greyton H. Taylor Wine Musitun, R.D. 2, Hain- Ohio River Museum, Muskingum River mondsport 14840 (technologY) at St Clair near Front Strea, Marietta 45750 (river life, ecoli Hall of Science Of ttte CitY of New York, Inc., P.O. ogy, commerce) Bdx 1032, Flushing 11352 (technolog,communi- cations, energy, space, etc.), Oklahbma International Museum of Photographirat George Drumwright Oilfietd Museum, East,Brdadwayon Eastman House, 900 East Avenue, Rochester Highways 99 and Santa Fe Depot, Dnunwright 14607 74030 (oil field history) The Museum of Broadcasting:1 East 53rd.Street, Oklahoma Science and Arts Foundation, 3000Push- New York 10022 (radicrand television) ing Boulevard, Fair Park, OklahomaCity 73116 (operational science exhibits) Museum-of the Printed' Word, The _New Yprls Timse& 229 West 43rd Street, New York 10036 (history of---tOregon printing) , Oregon Museum of ScienCe and Industry,4015 S.W. North Shore Science Museum, Science Activity Cen- Canyon Road, Portland 97221 (technology) :ter, 1526 North Plandome ktoad, Plandome Manor Penniyhanis 11030 Ashland Anthracite Museum, Pennsylvania Anthra- Old Water Mill Museum; Old Mill-Road, Water Mill cite MuSeum Complex, Pine and 17thStreet; Ash-.. 11976 (tools of various trades) land 17921 (mining, tichnologY)4.

49 k5-/ .,

Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Po Puha Science, Texas Allegheny Square, Pittsburgh 15212 (technology. Dallas Health and Science Museum, Fair Park, Firstd sPaccY . and Forest Avenues, Dallas 75226 (communica- College of Earth and Malicia] Sciences Museum, tions, electricity, industry) State College 16802 (science and technology) Live Steam Museum, Inc., Route 1, Alamo 71.3516 Fornwall Furnace, P.O. Box V, Cornwall 17016 (in- (aeronautics, industry, sttam engines) rirkg dustrial, iron mining) Permain Basin Petroleum Museuin, Library, and Drake Well Museum, R.D. 3, TiTville 16354 (oil Hall of Fame, 1500 Interstate 20 West, Midland industry) 79701 (oil industry) Franklin Institute Science Museiim and Planetarium, Spindletop Museum, Lamar University, Box 10082, 20th and The Benjamin Franklin Park Way, Phila- Beaumont 77710 (technological history of petro- delphia 19103 (indatry, techmilogy, space, en- leum industry) . ergy, transportation, etc.) Texas Forestry Museum, 1903 Atkinson Drive, Luf- Hopewell Village National Historic Site, R.D. 1, kin 15901 (logging equipment, scale nlodel paper Elverson 19520 (history of iron indUstry) mill, etc.) Mutter Museum, College of Physicians of Philadel- Utah phia. 19 South. 22nd7Street, -.Philadelphia 19103 Fairview', Museum of History and Art, 85 l'iorth 100, (development of .medical instru ts) East, Virview 84629 (enginiS, machines, vehicles), Philadelphia Gas Light Maeurn, 35 1 Kensington Hansen Planetarium, 15 South State Street, Salt Lake Avenue, Philadelphia 19134 (historyf light) City 8411I (technology, space) Pithole, R.D. 2, Pkasantville 17120 (oil industry) Man and Bread 'museum, Utah. State University, Thomas Newcomen Library and Museum, 412 East Logan 84321 (agricultural technology) North Ship Road. Exton 19341 (history of steam

.' technology) . VerrnInt , William Penn Memorial Museum, 3rd and North FairbankS Museum and PlanetarArt, 83.14ain Street, St. Johnsbury 05819 (operating exhibitS of ma- Streets, Harrisburg 17120 (teChnologyvehicles, . appliances, toolichinery) . chines, electricity) Wyoming "Historical and Geological Society, 69 Virginia South Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre 19701 (indus- Burwell-Morgan' Mill, RtD, Boye 22620 (mill trial) equipment) - f Puerto Rkia Chesapeake Planetarium, 3db Cedar Road, Chesa- La Casa 'del Libro, Calle del Christo 255. San Juan peake 23320 (space) 00903 (technology), Colonial WilliamsbUrg, Goodwin Bnilding, Wil- Rhode bland /- lianisI5urg 23185. (technology of colonial times) New .England Wireless and Steam Museum, Inc., Cyrus ItMcceirmick Memorial MUseum,teeles Frenchtown Road, East Greenwieh 02818 (electri- Tavern 24476 (teChnology of farm machinery) city, communications, steam engines) The James Madison Museum, 129.Caroline Street, 'South CountyMuseum, Inc., Scrabbletown Road, Orange, 22960 (technological development of agri- Box 182, North Kingstown 02852 (teChnology) culture) Saadi cambia Monticello, Home of Thomas Jefferson, P.O. BOX .1fas 316, Chflottesville 22902 (Jefferson's inventions) Lexington County Museum. 230 FQX Street, Lexing- ton 29072 (farm machinery, COtton gin) National TobaccO7Textile Museum, 614 Lynn Street, The Museunt, Phoenix Street, Greenwood 29646 Danville 24541 (industrial deinon.strations) ,(Edion display, operating coinniercial loom, Lino- North Anna Visitor's-Center, Box 402, Route 700, type machine. etc.) LOuisa County 23117 (narrated/animated exh1bitse1ectrieitYgenerated by 'nuclear Ale) Thornwell Museum, P.O. Box 60, Clinton, 29325 (sp4tice science) Roanok Hey Science 114useutn, 2323 Overlook Road7 .,Roanoke 24012 (aeroriautics,space) Tennessee t- American Museum of Atomic Energy,Tyroni Road, wailkisitou Oak Radge 37830 (technology/energy displays) C17,Eitim Historical Museum; 301 East 2nd Street, Tipton-Haynes Living-Historical Farm, Erwin High- 4Cle Elum 98922 (technological history of tek- way 19,West, Johnson City 37601 / phone) Hanford Seienev Center, P.O. Box 80(..)Richland .BritishLli.rmbiaForest Mnseum, R.R. 4, _Drink- 993.52 (hands-on exhibits of nuclear and. alterna-, water Road, Duncan V9L 3W8 (logging and trans;, tive energy) . . portation) Museum of History and Indusuy, 2161 East Hamlin British Columbia Museum of Mining, P.O. Box 155, Street, Seattle 98112 .(aeronauti, 'wmmunica- Britannia Beach VON I JO tions. industry. logging,. Mining, transportation) Cumberland Museum, P.O. Box 289, Cumberland Pacific Science, Center,. 200 .2nd Avenue, North, V OR 150 (medical instiuments, mining; iron indus- Seattle 98109 (space, physical sciences) try, logging) Rocky Reach Dam, P.O..Box 1231, Wenatchee 98801 Heritage Village, 4900 beer Lake Avenue, Burnaby Edison collection, powerhouse) V5G 316 (industrial machinery) Weil Virginia. Kamloops Ranch Museum, Subsidary of Kamloops West Virginia State Government,.Archives .and His- Museum Association, 207 Seymour Street, Kam- tory Museum. Department of Culture and History, loops (agricultural and mining technology) Science and Cultural Center, Charleston 25305 Lynn Canyon Ecology Centre,.355 West Queens (technological history of lighting) Roadt_North Vancouver V7N 24(6 Wiscosaist. . Newfoundland Dard Hunter Paper Mouseura, 1043 East South River Newfoundland Museum, Duckworth Street, St. John Street; ,,,Appleton54911(teehnologypaper- making) IG9 (communications, transportation) MacKenzie Environmental Edkation Center, Route Northwest Territories 1, Poynette 5,3955 (lum6ering, conservation) Northern Life Museum and National Exhibition Cen- Paul Bunyan Camp. Carson Park, Eau Claire 54701 tre, P.O. Box 371, Fort Santh XOE OPO (history of flogging can*, \blacksmith) life) Plattevilk Mining Museuni,65 East 'Main, Platte- ville 53818 Nova Scotia Wynsting Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Park, P.O. Box 159, Baddeck BUE 1BU (Bell collection, in- Fort 13ridger State Museum, Fort Bridger 82933 (in- ventiops) dustry. transportation) . Grand Encampment Museum, Inc., Encampment, Stellarton Miners Museum, Park Street, Staarton 82325 (transportation, mining) BOK ISO (underground mine) - Guernsey State Museum, Guernsey, State Park, (*aria Guernsey 82214 (industry, transportiitioil) Cobalt's North Ontario Mini4 Mtis'eum, Silver Yellowstone National Pare, YellOvistone Park 82190 (ecogy). Steeet, Cobalt POJ 1CO ' Elliot Lake Mining and Nuclear Museum, 45 Hillside CANkDA Drive, North., Elliot Lake P5A 1X5 Alberta Gananoque Museum, 10 Xing Street, East, Gana- I Man and Telecommunication. 10020 100 Street, Ed.: noque (mail: P.O. Box 293, 133 Sydenham Street, mOnton TOH 0A4.(technology.of telephone) Gananoque K7G 2T7) (industry) Newcastle- Coalminers Museum, P.O. Box 2097, National Museum'of Science and Technology, 1867 St. Laurept Boulevard, Ottawa Drumheller.TO.1 0Y0 . , , Reynolds Museumv Highway 2A, Wetaskiwin T9A Oil Museum of Canada, R. R. 2, Oil Springs NON 1P0 1X7 (transportation, engines, industrial inachin- (development of oil indtistry). , erY) Ontario Science. Centre, .770 Pon Mills Road,, TO- Sir 'Alexander Galt 'Museum, Community ,Services. ronto M3C 113 itechnOlogy, indi,istry, aerospace, Department, West end of 5th Avenue South, Leth- transportation)' bridge Tl J OP6 (technology in' development of Quebec . human history 1860 to present) \Alcan Museum and Archives, 1 Place Ville Marie, grkish3.Colisiabia \ Montreal (Mail: P.O. Bdx 6090, Montreal H3C British Columbia Farm Machinery Museum Associa- 3H2) (industry,,aluminuM) \ tion, 9111 King Street (P.O. ,Box 279), Fort Lang- Centre Ecologique, C1P-CIP Nature Centre, RR./ 2, ley VOX 110 calumet (science technology, transportation)

t Saskiticbewas nue, South, Saskatoon (agriculturetransporta- Telorama, 2350 Albert Street, Regina 545 2X1 (tele- tion, industry) phone, satellite, videophone ) Western Development Niuseurn, 1770 Hamilton Yukon Territory , DrivcMcxst JaW (transponationraiL air, Dawson City Museuni and Historical Society, P.O. water, etc.) Box 303, DaWson city, YOB IGO (Klondike gold Western Development M um. 2610 Lorne Ave- rush)

Part Three': State Humanities Committees Hawaii Your community program based onConnections:. Annette M. LeW, Executive Director Technology and Change -ntay-qualify fot funding Hawaii Committee r the National'Endowment foi the Humanities. for the Humanities 2615 South .King Street, Suite 211 Forformatiop about financial a;tsistance and fund- Honoluln, HI 96826 ing guidelines, contact your stat?'conamittee; (808) 947-5891 ; Idaho David Hansen, Executive Director Alabama Color:ado The Association for thc Humanities Jack Geren. Executive Director Kathlene Lemon, ExecutiVe Director AlabamaCommittee for the ; in Idaho Colorado Humanities Program P.O. Box 424 HumaMties and Public Policy " 855 Broadway 'Box 700 Boise, 11) 83701 Boulder: CO 80302 (208) 345-5346 Birmingham Southern College (303) 442-7298 Birmingham, AL35204 Hanoi (2(15) 324-1314 Connection Marvin L. Vawter, Marianne Barnaby, 'Alaska Executive Director . Gary Holthaus, Executive Director Executive Director Illinois Humanities Council' Alaska "Humanities Forum Connecticut Humanities Council .201 West Springfield Avenue .195 ChurcbStreet 'Room 1002 429 D Street, Room 211 . Loussac Sogi Wesleyan Station Chamgaign, IL 61820 Anchorage, AK 99501 Middletown, CT 06467 (217).333:7611 (203) 34776888. 347-3788 _(907) 272-5341 Jadlrina Arizona Delaware Alan Shusterman, Lorraine Frank, Executive Director Rona Finkelstein, Executive Director Arizona Council on the HUrnanities Exectitive Director Indiana Committee and Public Policy Delaware Humanities Council for the Humanities 2600 Pennsylvanii Avenue 4200 Northwestern Avenue. 112.North Central Avenue Wilmington, DE 19806 Suite 304 Indianapolis, IN 46205 (302) 738-8491 (317) 925-7195 Phoenix, AZ 85004 Bari& (602) 257-0335 Iowa . William Brennan, Exteutive Director Arkansas Philipt. 'Shively, Executive Director Florida Endo nt Iowa Board for Public Programs Anthony Dube, Executive Director for the Humanities in the Humanities Arkansas Humanities Program LET 360, UniVersity of South Florida Oakdale Campus University Tower Building Tampa, FL 33620 . University of Iowa 12th & University, Suite 1019 (813) 974-4094 Iowa City, IA 52242 Little Rock, AR 72204 _4319) (501)663-3451 3. Preston Prather, . Kassa.' California Executive Director Marion Cott, Executive Director Bruce Sievers, Executive Director Committee for the Humanities Kansas Committee California Council for the Humanities in Georgia for the Humanities in Public Policy Georgia Center for 112 West Sixth Street

312 Sutter Street, Suite 601 Continuing Education Suite 509 . San Francisco, CA 94108 Athens, GA 30601 Topeka, KS 66603 (415) 391-1474 (404) 452-4581 (913) 357-0359

52 Illiastacky Minoan North Carolina Arthur E. Curtis, ExecutiveDiredaf Robert Walrond, Executive Director Kentpcky Humanities CounciL Inc. Rollyn Oakley Winters, Missonn State Committee Executive Director Ligon House for the Humiunties, University of Kentucky North Carolina Humiutities 6420 Millbrook Boulevard Corrunittre Lexington, KY 40506 St. Louis, MO 63130 1/4 (600) 258-5932 1209 W. Market Street (314) 889-5940 Greensboro, NC 27411 1.01110111184 Modem (919) 379-5325 Pavid Boilcau, ExecutiVe Dinette/ Margaret Kingsland, Couisiana Committee Executive Director North Dakota for the Humanities 1 Montana Committee Everett Albers, Executive Director Bax 12, Loyola University for the HumanitieS, North Dakota Committee for the New.Orican4, LA 70118 P.O. Box 8036, HUmanities and Public 1SSUCS (504) 865-9404 Hellgate Statipn Patterson Hotel,' Suite 500 Missoula, MT 59807 - Bismarck, ND A501 Maisie (406)243-6022 (701) 258-9010 Karen Finwden,"Executive Director .Maine Council for die Nebraska Ohio Humanities and Public Policy Michael J. Holland, Charles C. Cole, Jr., P.O. Box 7202 Itiecutive Director . Executive Director Portland, 'ME 04112 Nebraska Committee " Ohio Committee for Public (207) 773-50.51 for the Humanities in the Humanities 1915 West 24th Street, Room.'216 760 PleasantRidgeAvenue 1Warsiesid Kearney, NE68847, Columbus,-OH 43209 Maria A. Heys.scl, (308) 234-2110 (614) 236-6879 Executive Director Nevada The'Maryland Commitiee for the Eimer Cole, ExeiutiveVirector Oklahoma Humanities and 'Public Polky Nevada Htimanities Committee Anita May, Executive Director 330 North Charles Street, Room 306 P'.0. Box 8065 Oklahoma Humanities Cominittee Baltimore, MD 21201' Reno, NV 89507 ExecutiVe Terrace Building (361) 837-1938 - (702) 784-6587 Suite 500 Iblasoduweits 2809 Northwest Expressway New Hampshire Oklahoma City, OK 73112 Nathaniel Reed, Executive Director Philip E. Ginsburg, (405) 840-1721 Massachusetts Foundation for the Executi;we Director 1 HuManities and Public Policy New Hampshire Council Oregon 237E Whitmore Administration for the Humanities! , Richard Lewis, Executive Directdr Building 112 South State Street 481 S.W. Washington University of Massachusetts?, Concord, NH 03301 1, Room 410

Amherst. MA 01003 (603) 224-4071 1 Portland, OR 97204 (413) 545-1936 New Jeraey, (503 ) 241-0543 Miebapa ' Renasylveala Ronald D. 'Means, Executive Director. Robert Gianetti, Executive DireCtor New Jersey Commit Executive Directoi . Public Corrunittee for the Humanities ."for the,Hunianities Michigan Council for the Humanities in Pennsylvania . Nisbet Building, Sinte.,30 Rtitgers: The State U rsity 401 North Broad Street CN 5062 Michigan State University. Philadelphia, PA 19108,°' East Lansing, M148824 New Brunswiek, NJ 08 (215) 925-1005 (517) 355-0160 (201) 932-7726 New Mexico Puerto Men M,o*ai. Arturo Morales Carr-kin Cheryl Dickson, Executive DirectOC Allen Gerlach, ExecutiVe Director New Mexico Humanities Council. FundaciOn Puertorriqueña Minnesota Hurnanities Cominission de las Humanidades Metro Square, SUite 28 :267 Geology Building , The University of New, Mezk p Box 4307 St. Paul, MN 55101 -Albuquerque, NM 87131 Qld San Juan, PR 00904 (612) 224-5739 (80912_23-2087 (505,1277,370501buqUerque)._ . (505) 644-.1945 (Las Cruces). Rbode Wood Cora Norman, Executive Director New York 'Thomas H. Roberts, Miasissippi Committee forthe Carole Groneman, ExecutiveDirector fat the Humanities ' Executive Direetor Rhode Island ComMiuee 3825 Ridgewood Road New York Council for the Humanities for the Humanities Roam 111 . 33 West 42nd Street 86 Weybosset Street, Room 307 Jackson, MS 39211 New York, NY 10036 ProVidence, RI 02903 (601) 982-6752 (212) 354-3040 (401) 521-6150 . .$4146 Canstiosi Artington, TX 76019 Washington Commisskm 1.4110d COA, EICCULive Piret.10( (817)273-3174 for theHumanities, Sciiith Carolina Committee IAA Olympia, WA 98505 for the Hurnanities (206) 866-6510 2301 Devine Sueet DelimoritosWald, Executive Director 'McCrory Biulding Utah 03410,vviment for the Humanities West Virginia . in Public Policy . Columbia, SC 292ft5' Charles Daugherty, (803) 799-1704 10 West BroadWay Broadway Building, Suite 209_ Executive Director .8a1t Lake City, UT 84101 Huma ities Foundation. Sas* Dirket; in est Virginia John Whalen, Executiv.e.Director (801) 531.,7868

South Dakota Committee . Veesiorst Ins tute, WV 25112 on the Humanities Victor,R. Swenson,-. (304) 768-8869 University Station, Box 35 Executive Director

BroOkings, SD 57006 Vermont.Council on the Hun-Utilities- Wisconsin , .(605) 688-4823 : inyublic policy- Patricia Anderson, Grant Hpuse, P.O. Box 51:i Executive Djrector Timor:sift ,Hyde Park,NT 05655 Wisconsin Humanities Committee RobZrt Cheathatn, (802) 888-5060 7176 Langdon Street Executiw Director Virgir.tia Madison, WI 53706 Tennessee Committee (608)262-0106 for the Humanities Robert C. Vaughan. Executive DirectOr Suite 202; Green Hills Office Park Wycsitimg Virginia Foundation for th '100i 18th Avenue S4)40',, Audrey Cotherman, Nashville., TN 3721;1 .HUmanities and Public Polk"; Lxecutive Director One fit West Range (615) 32017001 . Wyoming Council for the Humanities University of Virginia Box 3274 - Texas Charldttesville, VA 22903 . University Station (804) 924-3246 lames VenOga, Exectitive Director Laramie, WY.82701: 'Texas Committee for the Hitmanities Waskingtosi (307)766-6496 and Public Policy William H. Oliver, UTA Station, P.O. Box 19096 EACCutiveDirector

.

54 SECTION FOUR A Filmography

Introduction Coiniiiled by the fAtacationalMa Library Associndon, Inc. The following list of filmswas compiled to correlate with the Courses byNewspaper program'on issues taciiia mac relating io.technology and change. They are arranged udith Trojan alphabetically wider each of thecourse topics; how-. 'Editorial Coordinator' ever, since a number of the films wouldbe appropri- t Educational. . Film Library Association (EFLA) ate under several .different topics,we recommend that. you read through theentire Brian Camp . list before selecting Infomiation AsSistant, EFLA. yoUrprogra.M. We have listed the prirnary Maryann Chach distributor (the sales Reference Librarian, EFLA source)IOr most of the films.Many Of these films maY alStl. be available free from Nadine Covert, your local public library,. Executive Direc$Or, EFLA or for a modestrental feetroma univeriity film rental rarV. Additional Coasukaats4 For those who Want gUidance'14n setting op film Carol A. Emniens discussikin programs,we recomme*nd Leading Film Film Consultant/Writer Discw.sSiOns: A Guideto Using Films for Discussion, Dr: Stephen C. Johnson training. Leaders,Planning Effectiye Programs,by Professor; Informanon Sciences Madeline S. Friedlander, published-bythe League of Illinois State University Wonien Voters, $17,13roadway, New York, NY James Manilla . k.10003. Price: $1.50. A listof additionalsources of Film ProRssor/Producer' inforniation on related films..followy.thefilm listings. 'New York University For more information06.10(2ting and:using films, Edward A. Mason, M.D. programmers can contact the EducationalFilfri Li- y'sychiatrist/Filmmaker bra0t. AssoCiation, 43, W. 61StSt., New York, .N*Y cumentaries for Learning .40023. Telephone: (212)2464533.. Jane Rayleigh Film COnsultain/Writer Kay Salz Ceordinatoli American Film Fesrival Carl E. Snciw Film Librarian; Purdue University lit (s) IY79 by the Educational hIm I..ibratyAssocialioji The Poetry of Technology CONNECTIONS: Since the early days of cinema, when the Lumich-e T6n-Part Program Series brothers filmeda '.'Train Arriving at the Station" I -(and;frightened uninitiated audiences), filmmakers Cmirtie,itions, 52 min. each, color, 1970. Producers: .have been faseinated by technological processes: The BBC-TV &Jime-Life Films. DistritkitItAigime-Life rhythms Of machines in motionseem to lend them- Multimedia. selves to cinematic treatment. Here is a selection of The keynote 10-pari series (available in rnm short, poetic visual essays which can be Used to open and video formats) in which journalist and -TV a .program.of technology films. host James Burke 'examines how armorer) Clare- Glass, 11 min., color:1958. Director: Bert liaanstra. toted events. pew*, and situations have co 0- 'Distributor: McGraW4lill Films gether to produce social and teChnological ch es. Programs in this' series., which tie in. with topics ,fn The handcrafted work of the glaSsblowet .and tbe Cbus by Newspaper, are: The Trigger Effect; mechanized assembly line process of bottlejri:lue: "Deaththe Morning; Distant Voices; Faith in Num- tion are contrasted in this lyrical, humorons, stUdy.- bers; ilk Wheel of Fortune; Thunder in the Skies; N.C. The' Long.hain; Eat, Drink and Be Merry; Count- Metroliner, 35 min., color, 1975. Direct. Victoria down; and Yesterday, Tomorrow and You. 7- Hochberg. Distrib,utur; Victoria HochbergiN A visual essay on the Metrolinerthe fast train be- tween New York andWashington, D.C. that takes the .viewer behind the scenes to provide insight into the-operations of a railroad: 100 Watts, 120 Volts, 6 min., color, ,1977. Director: Carson Davidson, Distributor: Pictura Films: The comer-Q. captures ;a symphony in motion as a complex machine creates light bulbs (apparently un- aided by human hands), to.the aceompanithent of the third Brandenburg Concerto. N Penny Lane, 10 min.. color, 1975. Director: Arnold L. Leibovit. Distributor: Penny Lane Films. .1n the 19th century when technology reignedunques- tioned, even the folk art reflected a fascinOtion with meehanical processes. Here, .We see a. series of rore antique toy mechanical banks in operations. --7N.C. .Raikond Turnbridge, 19 min., b&w, 'silent, 1916. Director: Richard Sega. Distributor: Castelli-Sonw, abend. A noted steel sculptor uses thefilin medium to chore- ograph the motions of camera and editing with the movements of a railroad turnbridge, creating a fasci- nating study of motion, line, and forth. N.C. Treadle and Bobbin, 9 min., color, 1954. Director:, WheatonGalentine. Distributor: Film Images. An :Old4ashico' ned treadle sewing Machine serves as ... the inspiration.for a rhythmic visual interpretation of movement and color.

56. 1Technology on Trial

Rot .6 This frogreas?,, 51 min.. color,1973. Pro- the Basket Makers and the Stone Age People of ducer: NBC-TV.. Distributor: f ihns Inc.- the Anasazi created North America's fiistknown Once symbols of progress, thecar and the smoke- example of urban living, with an advanced form of stack are now often symbolS of pollutionand destruc-, architecture, an, imPressive system of roads,and a tion. This thought-provoking documentarytakes a n6n-bellige rent, peaceful lifestyle thatsuipassed any- look at how technotoy affects three generations of thing in northwest EuroPe at the time. Yet,the people in San. Jose,alifornia:. a couple in their Anasa7i people had no known writing,no metal . seventies,. au affluent middle-aged couplewho grew .tools, no wheels or draft animals. The filmre aclip the up during the Depressin, and a yeung woman in her conclusion that the people may have used all their:- early twenties.'Eniphasizes the pointthat technology natural resources and been forcedto leave their land. ", doesn't always bring happiness. C.A. E. Speculates on the problem of rapid-, population growth and resultant cultural- changes, and'then Rutter*, 4 min. color, 1975. Director: Nico Crama. draws a moral and message for today. Fromthe 11rova Distributor: Carousel Films. series. .I.M. lb the accompaniment ofa modern music track, but .2001: A Space Odyssey, 138 min., color, 1968..Di- .thout dialogue or narration, this filmopens on a rector: Stanley Kubrick. Distributor: Films Inc, verdant meadow in whicha butterfly flits front flower to flower. More and more buildings and man-made A painstaking, serions look atspace travel at the turn structures appear with the resultant urban blight, of the next century. The most elaborate,yet least until all that remains is the butterflywhichhas fanciful, film of its type. ForeshadowingStar Wars, become a specimen,framed ona museum wall. AM- the astronauts display less hiiman characteristicsthan Mated. J.M. does the ship's Computer, HAL 9000, InStar Wars (121 min., color; 1977. Director: George Lucas.Dis- The Day the Earik Caveat Fire, 90 min., b&W. 1962. tributor: Films Inc.), the ultimatetechnological Director: Val GuestoiDistributOr: Audio BrandOn movie, what the good guys fight for isn'tas important Films. as what they fight with. Astonishing, unprecedented special effects tell a hardwareheavy story;ofplanet- The, ill-effeets of nticlear testing 'have been drama- hopping rebels dodging imperial cruisers tized 'in imaginative' fashion in several superior sci-, in their quest to free a rebel princess held captive in the Death ence fiction films. In Tie Day, the Earth Caught, Fire, Star, HO of the Galactic Empire. The robOtcharac- simultaneous eiplosions at the North and South poles ters steal the show. have shifted the earth's orl:,!it and sent ithurtling toward the sun. Scientists seeking a netenergy Urbanissimo, 6 min., color, 1970. Director: 'John source create a Crack in the World (96 min., color, Hubley & FaithHubley, Distributor: FilnisInc. 1965. Director: Andrew Marton, Distributor: Para-! The Hubleys' animated impression of mount) .when they explOde a bomb at the earth's a city: a satin-- Cal portrait of a jUmble of buildings andblockson legs core.' AntS enlarged by radiation fromatomic testing invading the countrySide, exploitingour natural re- become Tiein: (94 Min,, b&w; 1954.Director: Gor- sources, destroying mountains, draining oil, polluting don Douglas. Distributor: Audio Brandon Films) chtek ponds, and technologically improving and menace Los Angeles.. On the other sideof the things in ways tkat earn a farmer an eggbeater for hiseggs and coin is The Iniredibie Shrinking Man (81 miii., b&w, canned fruit for his fresh produce. When 1957. Direetor: Jack Arnold. Distributor; Universal/ crisis strikes, the city's legs are innovatively replacedwith 16) who, after passing-througha radiation cloud, wheels. M.C. winds tip wieldielg a sewing needle ina battle with a spider over a bread crumb, B.C. Why Man Creates, 25 min., color, 1969. Director': , Saul Bass. Distributor: Pyramid Filins. The Mystery of the Anasazi, 53 min., color,- 9 Producer:--WGRH-TV, Boston. Distributor: Animation, trick photography, synitasm,_ surreal Life MUltiMedia ism, and hunipresent theessence 4f inventiveness through :time an om several points of view. Useful A tour of archaeological sites and digs in the Four tolfrelate technologiI practice and need to the indi- Corners area of the United States (where the states of vidual's inherent povkr to solve problemsas they are Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah meet). It imperfectly perceived, in an organized and(some- was here, frOni approximately 65010 1300 X.p., that times) haphazard process. 2 Silent Revolutions

China: The Beginnings. 19 min. color, 1977. Dike- vii4Old Treasures from New" Clana, 551/2 min., color, tor: Wan-go Weng. -Distributor: Indiana UniVersity, 1977. Producer: Shirley Sun. Distributor: University Audio-Visual Center. of California, Extension Media Center. Covers the beginning of. Chinese eivIlization, concen- A careful, detailed hiStory of the development of

trating on the Shang Dynasty (18th712th centuries . Chinese civilization, from its beginnings to the 18th B.C.). Touches on the birth of the science of astron- and, 19th centuries A,D., lavishly illustrated with omy inChina and the .development of pictographs footage Of an archaeological exhibit sent to the U.S. and ideographic writing. in the 1970s by the People's Republic of China. Illustrates the evolution:of civilization and the de- Henry Adana: .flistorian 41870.4810), 60 min.., velopment of aesthetic aWareneSs in China beginning color, 1916. Prodiu*r: WNET/13. DistribUtor: Indi- with the Stone,Age and the invention of hand tools. . anaUniversity, Audio-Visual Center. In the 6th century A.D.,the influx Of nomadie tribes Dramatic Win .that highlights the controversies .sur- also carried with it the growing importance of women ,rinding railroad. magnales 'andi_the radical 'labor in Chinese soeiety, as well as the flourishing of inter- moVement, Which pushed Henry Adams and Charles national trade through the camel caravans' contact :..:Francis Adams II into reform.. In this film, Henry with the West. The Rebellions in the 10th through becomes a successful writer of satire. From. The 13th centuries A.D. brought to China movable print- ing, the compass, anitunpowder. 'AdarnS Chronicles series. IT. . 4

Homespun, 22 rnih.color, 1952. Producers: Elmer Woman Is, 12 min., color, 1975. birector: Sandy Albinson az Harry Webb. Distributor: International Ostertag: Distributor: Phoenix Films. Film Bureau, The roles and perceptions of Women as motheis, A.robust, elderly Minnesota farm wife uses relic tools lovers,kworkers, and wives from ancient times to the -and mahods native to her Swedish homeland to, present are reflected in, approximatelY 400 stills of highlight each step in 'the 'Weaving processfrOm sculpture, paintings, drawings, photographs, and, shearing her Angora goat, carding the wool, spinning more importantly, ads. A good introductory film: For the wool on an old wheel, washing and dyeing (natu- an American focus, see The Emerging Woman(40 rid) and drying (sun)-the wool, weighing and winding mitt, b&w, 1974. Producer: Women's Film Project. , the yarn, and finally weaving. In the end, various Distributor: Film Images), which is a carefully re- woven goods are displayed with much pride.Al-. searched economic, social, and cultural history 'of though filmically. static, the demonstration. (done women in the United States from colonial times tO the totally out-of-doors) is straightforward enough tO present. The accoMplishments of well-known women enhance the skills involved initie 'ancient 'craft'of are noted, and excerpts from their writing are read. weaving. These excerpts reveal how they fought against dis- crimination and how they tried to dispel myths The Medieval Mind, 26 min., color, 1969. Director: about women, especially the "feminine mystique." JOhn Barnes. Distributor: Encyclopaedia Britan_nica Educational Corp. PreSents the 'paradox of the medieval culture. Reli- gion. was a unifying force, as evidenced by the artwork A Woman Rebels, 88 min., b&w, 1936. Director: Mark Sandrich for RKO. Distributor: Films Inc.- and magnificent Cathedrals 'built in Western Europe during the periOd. Concurrently, advances in agricul- Independent-minded Pamela Thistlewaite (Katha- ture (the invention and titilization.Of lioneshoes, rine Hepburn) believes ihe has a right to choose her wheeled ppaws, the harness), and in -other fields. : own destiny, but finds herself at odds with her 19th- (stirrups for the cavalry, eyeglasses) were introduced, century times. pe battles her father, falls for a weak thcreby.altering the role of man, in his cultnre, Secular .kover, raises a' child out of wedlock, and insinuates values began to replacereligious ideas as the techna- herself into-a writing/editorial position on a maga-

logical innovations produced the beginnings . zine,wh\le stoic Herbert Marshall encourages, sure time." The film's structure is weak, but be. h pes, and waits ori the sidelines. My ruve Ifas Been Used to provoke discussion of attitudesovard (Wags Koi Wa Moenu, 84 Min b&W, 1949. change. 7.1,R: *rector: Kenji Mizoguchi. Distributor: New Yorker

58 Films) features her Japanese counterpart: a young Wonsan: Who Is Me?, 11 din,color,.1978. Director : 'woman Who leaves her .family hOme .in the. late 19th Judith Keller.' Distributor: FPCUS International. eentuiy .to study and- work in Tokyo and, who' gets Examines how the myths about women's roles have involved in a game of polities and the politics of sex. persisted through thecenturies by focusing on their M.C. . images in welAnown works of art. J.T.

.How Terribly Technical!

Cikulatis; Machine or. Difference En- to 900 A.D.) and extermination (by the mid-17th giae, 4 milt, colot, MO: Dirtctors: Charles Eames. century) at the hands of the Toltees and Spaniih con7. &..Ray Eames. Distribui4r: Pyramid Films. quistadorS. The ciVilization was based on the signifi- briefvisual essay on Babbhge's calculating machine cance of each day cthe year. The 'sophisticated the 'fOrerunnerf foday's cicctroqie computer. Mayan civilization halorits own Or'm Of writing; and its' Opens with a view of the Mechanical 'aivaratus of the many scholars dealt with abstract 'concepts such as calculating. Machine (difference .engine)., actually "zero,- the measurement of time, and the length of operating, with 'a narrator reading the inventor's eternity. With Dr. Eric Thompson. From the Nova .Originaldirections for how to use the machine.. Excel- series. M. . lent for visualizing a complex machine that, is rela- The Music of the Spheres, 52 min., colOr. 1974. tively simple' compared -to today's modern corn-. Director: Adrian Malone for BBC-TV & Time Life puters. C.S.- Films.tliStributor: Time Life Multiniedia. Cocking the Stone Age Code, 52'k min., color, Traces the development of mathematics from the 1973. ProdUcer; 13BC-TV. Distributor: 'Time -Life Grecian period through the Renaissance, highlight- Multimedia. ing the effects of the.,Christian and Moslem religions Alexander Thom, 76-yearold Professor Emeritus Of : on its development. Takes the viewer to each major .Oxford University: discusses his theory of ancient locatiOnGreece, Alexandria, Spain, and astronomers in, liritain and Europe. He believes-that.. where Dr. Jalcob Bronowski discusses the develop:. in ,1800 B.C. (almost 4.000 years ago), there existed ments of a given period: Froth The Ascent of Man men. in Europe who could make, solar and lunar pro, series. C.S. dietions with great accuracy.. He thinks,that these men, Nicholu Copernicus, 10 min., color, 1973. Direc- invented the "megali,thic yard': of 32.64 inches, . tors: Charles Eames & Ray Eames. Distributor: which they then employed in multiples of ten to Pyramid Films measure triangles', circles, etc., and then set up huge stone boulders or iniegalithS on the ground, These A visulil essay showing the.' environment in which .stOnes, which 'still standincluding the famous NicholaCopernicus, founder of modern astronomy, Stonehenge moilumentS--.7served aS physical land- lived and, worked. The viewer travels with Coperni- Marks to Construct accurate,, practical, and theoreti- cus as he moves from city to city during his lifetime. cal engineering and astronomic4sYrstems. Two cen: Provides the viewer with a real sensitivity to the life of turies i4r. these same findings were rediscovered by Copernicus. C.S. s in Greece, and still later by Galileo in PY t The Starry Mesienger, 52 min., golor, 1975. Direc- or more on Stonehenge, see also In Search of lt. tor: Adrian Malone for BpC-TV & Time Life Films: agic of Stonehenge (24 miri.color, (976. Dis- Distributor: Time Life Multimedia. tributor:. Pyramid Films), which speculates on.. the methods of plaCing the enormous blocks of stone andir Explores the origins of.astronomy and compares the their fumtion as an astronomical observatory aTt Ptolemaic view with that of Copernicus as proved by calendar. 'Galileo's experiment with the telescope. Consider- emphasis-is- given to the C,041flia of GalileO's The Lost World of the Maya, 38.1/2 min:, color, 1972. research with religious thought of the day. Shows the Producers: BBC-TV & Time Life Films. Distributor: increasing complexity of scientific, thought and the Time- Life Multimedia.. rejection of the new concepts by the establisled social Examines the glory of the classic period of thdanCient institutions of -the period. From The Ascent of Man Mayan civilization. Highlights its heyday (from 300 series. C. S.

- 60) Ye"

pccupational Destinies

Noksa la Libarti, '87 :min., b&w,1931. Director: passivity by ineluding anti-disciiminationproteSt and Rene jauthigor: Corinth FilmS, job marches, unionizing,and betterwage discussions', Rene Clair'S arch comparison ofprison life to thei and talk of the spread of thOgarmentand other light regimentation of the factory tine.Escaped prisoner t industry within New York'sChinatown. Emile (Henri Marchand) erosSes the path of his old t Going Out Buitiness, 15 min., b&w, 1977. Direc- chum and partner Louis (RaymondCordy) who is now a wealthy manufacturer of tor: Chrigopher.pambbni. Distributor:Christopher nographs. For old Gamboni. times",sake, Lduis gives Emil§ab.in,t.he plant, but.. little- Emile has tasted freedo rib can't conform to Briefly iraces (through voice-overnarration and the monotonous routine ofthe line. The fairy tale reminiscenee) the rise and fall of theGriswold Ma- ending.with the workers takingover the factory and chine Works (film spliceri),a family7owned and upi-frading the equipmvaso machines do all the work operated shop in Poll Jefferson, NewYork. The film is a strong pro-technologystatement, but the labor- records the shop's last days, with its fewremaining ,.ers' heavenly vision olleisureis anything but out4:if- elderly workers on hand to completeone last job. All this-world. M.0 are dedicated to the company and.face forced retire- ment with much sadness, Thesplicers were each Faitory,.55 mitt:, b&w, 197trProducer: Arthur Bar- essentially handMade by highly skilledworkers, ron. Distributor: Filmmakers.Library. now too rare and expensive to make the business This cinema verite yisit toa jewelry factory in Brook- .viable. Basically a moodpiece andlament for the end lyh Painfully reveals:theboredom and alienation of of the family shop, individually craftedproducts, and the line workers. The blue collar Workersare trapped skilied;miehinists who care. IT. and, therefore, without:hope. TheyWant to Make. The Industr. ial Revolution inEngland, 26min., color. Work Human Again (17 min., color,1973. Producer: 1959. roducer: John Barnes. NBC-TV. Distributor: Distributor: Encyclo-.; films Ine.).'also shows how' paedia Britannica Educational Corp. the monotony Of the assembly linefrustrates factory workers. At Volvo and Saabauto -plants, they are Prior.to the Industrial Revolution inGreat,Britain, experimenting with sthall workteams. -Likewise, a textiles were produced accordingto the ''doinestic system," i.e., spinning Gaines.' Dog Food plant ,setup teams in charge of the- lind weaving were carried out total production, and the Virginia BellSystem gave in a Master's cottage, Whereweaver apprentices or instalkrs their own territories. This filmtakes a brief" journeymen Worked and lived, handcrafting 'each lOok at thenewest ways 'of organizing work for in- and everyi)roduct. Asa result, no great guantities of creased productivity and employeesatisfaetion. The products were produced, andworkers were not much t'our Day Week (17 min.,Color, 1967: Proditcer;,. better off thao serfs. In thespace of :100 years, 4however,,the invention of the spinning jenny, , CBS-TV News.. Dist ributor McGraW-Hill Farris)ex- power. plains how automation, laborunions, and early re- 'loom., andsteam engine transformed Britainfrom an tirement are causing shorter workweeks and exam- agrarian society to an industrialleadera land of ines the benefits and problems:thatresult. The film cities, bustling mills, andexploitation of workers. also takes a look at 'leisure" industries.Narrated by This traditional educationalfilm personalizesits les- Walter Cronkite. son with dramatization and animation,making the historical transformation and,discoyery of the lbw, Front Spikes to Spindles. 50 min.,eolor, 1976. Direc- singular' inventionsa palatable experience. tor: Christine Choy for Third World Newsreel.Dis- A companion film, The Industrial tributor: Third World Newsreel. Revolution: Begin- sings in the United States (23 min., Color,1968. Pro- A somewhat schizophrenic productionwhich aims to ducer/Distributor: EncyclopaediaBritannica Educa- strengthen the Chinese-Americanimage outside of tional Corp.) is notas successful a film, but it does and within the Chinese-Americancommunity today. cover the importance of water power,Samuel Slater's Otrekvaneetercbecause it touches not onlyOn the _first textile mill (flom his 'Britishmodei),-andEli historic brutalization of coolie labor duringthe West- Whitney's innovation of interchangeableparts (mus- ern expansibn of the United States, but alsoon the kets) in the move froma bucolic farming nation toa grOWing numbers ofChinese-American womennow land of cities and factories inthe space of 50 years. employed in ,New York City'sgarment factories, Although discussed at length elsewhere Where they ale apparently the in this filmog- major immigrant raphy (see section five), TheDrive for Poiver, from group. Smashes the Chinese-American stereotype of The Ascent of Man series (52-min.,color, 1973. PO- A . ducers: BBC-TV .& Time -Life Films. Distributor: through. Low-ineorne people are banding togethe,r to Time Life Multimedia), is-by fax the best, most suc- fight the system. A year-long Co-op City rent strike in cessful tihn on the Industrial Revolution in Btitain. Bronx, New york, is Supported by both young and old J. Bronowski's lucid examination of the largerimpli- residents Of 35 buildings; a 1975 March fOr Jolu in cations of the Industrial Revolution, taking into ac- Washington, D.C., pushes to keels jobs out, of the count everything from almighty water power, the rise hands of cheap labor (Japan and the South); and a -of mills and factories, Wedgwood, to the beginnings representative from United Black Workers (Ford of automation, etc.., is fascinating. Motor Company) discusses his ideas about shorter. , For information on'the famons pottery company, see Work weeks and ways to give workers more dignity on Wedgwood ( 17 min., color, n.d. Producer/Distribu- the job. J.T. .,tar: Golden kilnis). , . !Song of the Canary, 58 min7str, 1978. Direttgrs: triiiritanct, 31 color, 4. Director: Jack Josh Hanig & David Davis.istriliutor- Manteca Films. : Oeld.c4:ilti Distributor: Bowling n Fms. kdocumentary comparing the work of three artisans Cassariesfatally sensitive tO carbon monoxide gas andthree modern assembly lines, producing approxi- were once carried into the mines to 4.,kirn miners of Lmately the same iterriS. The craftsmona shovel the presenctiof the deadly gas.-As this film points out, maker, a basketmaker, and a. tinsmithtake' great workers ale, still not immune to indukrially reld pride in their work. .1n contrast, the asSembly fine disease and death: Focuses on a California chenircal rkers .have no opportunity to beCome involved plant where workers have become sterile from a farm with their work. During each vignette On a craftsman, . pesticide they manufacture. Also shows retired cot- the backgrOund sounds are very cairn -and serene; ton mill workeri who suffer brown lung diSeise (from during the manufacturing scenes, the soundtrack be- cotton dust), and who are fighting the governnient comes very loud and irritating. The auditory and and the mills for compensation and safer working visual dissonance of the- manUfactaring lead- the conditions. Action and lack of action by employers, viewer to reject modern methods as being irritating unions, and the government are noted. and impersonal, C.S. Union Militia, 48 min., b&w, 1976. Directors:slim .lSilotierst Tunes, 89 min., b&w":1936. Writer/Direc- Klein, Miles Mogulescu, Julia Reichert. Distributor: tor/Star : Charles Chaplin. 'Distributor: Param'ount New Day Films. 0. Pictures Corp. :Interviewswith three wornen who were militant Perhaps Chaplin's finest social comment, this-satire union organizers during the Thirties highlight the exposes the effects ofmass production antomati.on, horror of, pre-union labor conditions in America, assembly line technologyon the sanity.'ofithe fae- especially for women and minorities, and the work of tory. worker: ,The imaginative worker, who tries to. Stich militants to change conditions. Much use of rare project a bit of his q.wri personality -on file line" is. newsreel footage and labor songs of the period, syhjch quickly and literally Chewed up and spit'sout by the are-also welf-uied in a second excellent documentary'. system, while the worker who marches ktit step with With Babies and Banners: Story of the WOIMU's the rest of the flock has an easy, if dull, time of it. Emergency Brigade (46min., color and b&w, 1978. ; Director; Lorraine Gray. Distribittor:. New Day Films). In this film, Flint, Michigan, women (work-. On the Use, 50 min., color, 1976. Director: Barbara ers, as' well as. wives, sweethearti, thid sisters of Margolis. Narrator.; Rip rorn. Distributor: Cine In-- -Workers), who ,were directly involVed in the 1937 , formation. General Motors sit-down strike, speak out about Ominous, but comprehensive overview of critical inhuman conditions in the plant and their cvra- problems existing Within the American economy to- geous, often degrading efforts to support the strike day, i.e., rising prices (housing, food); job cutbacks; and better their lives. What makes this film so moving general unemployment; tedium and powerlessness is the 'fact that these women ware not radicals. They _on the jot4t.tc,Thcfilm is unsparint in itscatalogof were fighting to keep food on their tables and their wae: men who are laid off jobs at advanced ages; husbands alive to rat it. J.1'. women and minorities (the last hired,the first fired), who must work menial jobs to support their families; Waterground, 16 min., color,1977. Director: Frances professirinals (in this case, an engineer) who are Morton. Distributor: Appaishop merely skilled tradesmen, pigeonholed into one cq- A tribute to a 100-year-old water-powered ,North Carolina grist mill, operated by a descendant, of the ner of a profeision that once offered numerous on- ( portunities. However, a glirnmef of hope shines original operator. Walter Winebarger,talks about his s-,

61 ' 62 work, the .natural flour heprovides (no bkieh.no chalk), and his business today General Mills plant in Johnson City, TeriRssee;The. vs_ the mill's 24-haur- GM'flour is mass processed and packaged a-day, s,ix-day-a-week business 'in sterile, in the Twenties, He inhuman surroundings. An executive grinds flour and meal usinga method little, changed talks about from the process used by five electricity, speed, and big prOfits. Winebargerenjoys generations of Wine- small profits, but immense satisfaction bargers. The mill operates ina lush, naturil setting, from his work. Which is contrasted with theinterior of asi automated

CultUre: TheLink. BetweenNature and Technology Boanasvimel11 min.color, 1969, Director:Yvonne We livein a technologically advanced Mallette. Distributor: Learning culturewith\ Corp. of America.. ever-increasing demands forenergy. Will we turn to A new world. An explorer arrivesat the virgin shore..,, nature to satisfy these needs? These two films, which The -.forest disappears;an early settlement is estab- can be used either eonsecutiVely or individually, fished; 'development continues.The Industrial Rojo- clearly present the ileveloping technologiesharness, iution7 .bridges,.conduits, row won rciw_. of hems6 ing energy from nature. Superb photography,fine become parking lott, fast food stores, war, factories, . animation, charts, diagrams, and clearpresentation - leisure pastimes, controlled env.ironments,littyy detail the efforts.to convert,store, and use energy and con ft:ison evolve,AlapiAi.-__What'neT.Extendink: . from the sun, wind, or svateN Explainsthe efficiency 4. .beyand his earthlkt boundaries, m arrives of.i.'>a of thesetnergy sources and the problenis inherentin ft' AiStaPt planet the/natives make cacti. From the Novii,Serics-7-1.k. a hast rctreat is the . process begins anew. This.animated 01 rogiuced by the..National Fi Eiloard of Canadamake ..a.timely Down to Earth City Living; 1T, trial:, 'color, 1477, statement a t. the limits of the earth's resiMrces Directot Joaquin Pablo. Distributor: PYramid and man's relentless pursuivof biggerand better. Increased awareness of the limits of thephysical, .J.R. 1 a organic, 'tand cultural element's Of thisworld has promptediA variety ofahernatiye answers to the . A City atplandigarh,i5i Min., color, 1977:birector.: prOblems'ereated, in part, by tion-stcap AlaM Tarr.Distributor.: New technological Yorker Films. advanceS: This film depicts/aself-reliant household. W4 1 Cfiandigarh was designed, numerouscultural in Berkeley, California (the Integral Urban House). and environmental factorswere Considered. :The ,in- Shows use of solar energy for heat andhot water; expensive building material (brick). determinedthe growing vegetables and raising chickensand rabbits low height of the buildings. Theextreme v*iationa in for food; utilizing Wastesas fertilizers and the process daily...temperature and seasonalclimatenecessitated' of converting them into usable soilsupplements. In specific' structural elements,e.g., sUn breakers' de, this; age cif advanced technology, "backto earth" signed to admit the.low winter-sun, whilestill being living-is ,becorning more popular. Filmshould pro- able to blOck the: highsummer sun; and terraces or mote diseUssion on the way technological innovations rOofs for outdOdr 'sleeping inthe Summer. This mod- 'have placed man once 'moreon intimate terms with ecn city was bdilt bytand by the people whci.livein nature, and the possibilities of cultural adaptations :the' neighboring village. Aninteresting and 'well- as a result Of these innovations. developed film studying the people., theirwork, and. their relationship to,their culturalenvironment, and 'The Drive for Power, 52 min.; color,1973. Director: 'contrasting Le Corbusier's.city in the.Indian selesert David John Kennard for BBC-TV &Time Life with theltaditional villageonly a half-mile away. Films. Distributor: Time Life Multimedia. Good to use for a 'discussion of the comparative uses Jacob Bronowski classes the IndustrialRevolution as of.. technology ina specific climate arrangement. a social one (as were the American anIti French Revo- J. R. lutions). Begun in the eountrySide, Withinventions like the water mill to provide Dawn of the Solar Age I: Solar Energy,29 min., energy, !t was a revolu- tion of the "practical," not the educated color, 197,7. Producer: Edward Goldwyn.Distribik man; the tor; Time Life Multimedia. inventions and innovations Wefridesiriedfor every- day use. (The Swiss arid French,loweyer,used tech- Dawn of the Solar Age II: Wind and Water Emery, nological advances to create texpensi'veclocks and 25 min., color,, 1977. Producet: EdwardGoktyn. mechanical toys.).Film show ' the increasing 'under- Distributor: Time7Life Multimedia. statfling of nature as a carrier of energy(Franklin's

'62: . .

experiments with electric ty): Man Moves fFoin' farm . discovery of oil in the region. Musicby Virgil Thorn-. laborer tO indvstrial worker. Canals' and railroiidS were instituted', increased use of irOn created the iron bridge.EiPlains that all aspects of man's culture Pakistan: Mound of the Dead, 27 Min..,color, p even literature-7- wereaffected by the changes occur- ' J972, i. 1977..Producer:' Chatsworth'.Film Distribti ring with this new awareness of nature and there- tors, Ltd. Distributor: Centron Minis. sultant technological innovations. providesa view,of celebrates a remarkable civililationthat flourished the interrelate ness of man, nature, and technoloa. around 2000' B.C. The so-calledIndus .Civilization, From The Asceru of Man series. J. R. existed (and perished), lOtigbefore that of- tincieut . . Greece. and endured longer thanthat of 'ancient The Harvest of the Seasons, 52 min., color, 1974.. Rome. The center of the IndusCivilization waS the .Producers: I3BCJV A.,ime 1...itc_ Films. Distribii- I thriving, one-rnilesquare -city Mohenjo-Daro,with tor:,Time Life Multiine . its intricate drainagesystem, and skyscrapers. Care- Among other things, Jac6'b iironowski covers mares-_,_,luny built to a master plan, is di- domeStiCation of plant and animal life, "and how the . scribed as "1984. B.C.':.by istorian. Neolithic cultivators surfaced with the nomads and The filth explains the civilization .41its demise, the roots of warfare. From The Akem of Man series. hypothesizing that its foremost industry-L-themaking .1.T. of bricksWaS also its undoing,because it Provoked the people into deciniating theirnatural resources, Land,, 26 min., color, 1976. Producer:. Playback 'As7. trees. The resultant soil erosion cauSed life inthe .sociates for Phillips PetrOleum. Distributor: Modern arealond eventually.the civilizationits1f. to be diS- Talking Picture SerVic.e:',' persed 'and abandoned. Contains"an iMplicit moral, for today. J.M. 4 Traces the facts and factOrs behind theiise Of Aineri- can land from the disc.ovry and eventual 'conquest of Yellow 'Dail from Texas;50 min.; color, 1975. Pro- the 'Wilderness to our modern, .agribusine%.. The ducers: BBC-TV & BR/Teleaogl, Distributor: Time growth of odr cOuntry sonietimes resulted in miStakes Life Multimedia. ., Suchas farming too,extensively in one area. The use Documents an American harvestingcreW-7Dale \\ ti*f Our land was,affected.by4athe McCormick rever. Starks, his wife, and about \the Case thresher,the gas tractor and the refriger a dozen hired hands and their wives. They begin in early 'railroad car. From the American Enterprise May and work 14 to 18 hours 4 day until late September:usingthe lthest giant, mechanized,threshers andharvesters. They cut wheat,grain, and birdseed, fromTexas to Saskatche- tOuisiana Story, 77 min,,.b&w, 1948. Director: Rob- Wan. EMphasis is on the Men, their erk Flaherty. DistributOr: McGraw-HillFilms. wives, their machinery, and 'the long, hard work; but A 'lassie by the noted )::lirector of Nanook periphet- of ,the allyiiislso takes a historical lookat the 4evelopment North, thiS dramatilation,, sp6nsored by'Standard. of wheat as an industry andway of life in the Amerc- Qil,presents a rornantiCiied version of the beneficial. , can plains states, i:e., how the states developed, and 'imp41 of lechnology: The storyfoeuses on a yoiing h agrici.ilture changed with theuse of heavy ma- cajl19 in the bayous of I.;ouisiana and tchanges that nery. AlsO points out the importance of American the lives of his family as are wheat in the. world economy. J.M. 6 The Influence of Societal Va ups ; The Amish: A People of Preservatkm, 52 min., tradition, and technology and yet accommodate the color, 1976. Director: JOhn Ruth. Distributor: needs of people. A film that works well in counter- EncyclOpaedia Britannica Educational point, is Brasilia (13 min., color, 1961., I:roducer: George Tamarski, Distributor: International Film : A portrait of the Amish coibrauni: their families, , religion, wOrk, and lifestyles. Em sizes: their Bureau), a pedantic documentary on thebuilding of ,simpte need.s and how they adapt to a wor e tech- the new Brazilian capital, a stark7dehumanized city ona monumental scale. M.C. .- nological change. , Automania .' 1000, 10 mM., .cOlor '1961. Di Genevieve, 86 min., color, 1954. Director: Henry John ,Halas. Distributor: McGraw-Hill Films Cornelius. Distributor: Walter Reade 16: A:whiinsical cartoon on technology gone wild. The "Our heroine" is a 1904 DarracCroadster which cars multiply, grow 'larger, become more and more John Gregson loves more than anythinielse in,this .- coMplicated until the engineers Create the ultimate world, except maybe' his wife,' Dinah Sheridan. They auto: one that reproduCes itself. C.A.E.* \\ squabble over whether they should go to a partyor make the annual London-to-Brighton antique car Auto...Mates, 22 Min., color, 1978. Directot: coMmemocation race. Therace wins out -and a Walkow. Distributor: 'Gary A. Walkow. ,"friendly" rivalry between "Genevieve" and Ken- i . A husband'and wife, returning ,from a Stinday visit, neth More's antique sports car flourishesencom- discover:that the,Y;are trapped inside their-car...For passing breakdowns, quick road repairs, sabotage, two days and_nights, we follw their odyssey and name calling. An homage to old cars and the through filling 4ations, drive7in restaurants, and pride of man in his machine. M.C,_ drive-in'moviesintó a state of:delirium and halki- cinatitin. A satire on'onr automotive society, the filni Geopolitics: The Shape of Things to Cdtne,'0 min., is shOt entirely within thecOntinespf the 'automobile. color, 1972. Director/Writer: Clifford SOIway for N.C. . friobel-Leiterman Productions. Distributor: Docu- , 1 !ment Associates. Bates Car, 16 min., cOlor, 1975. Director: Tony Ian- uses on rapid technological changes, hOw well zelo. Distributor: Arthur Mokin PrOcluctions. man adapts, and whether man is in control 13f events A provoCative documentary of Harold Bate's crea- or merely conforms to the way things are. Economist t tive answer to the threats of pollution and fuel short- Robert Hcilbroner, author& The Future as History, , age, through the invention of an automobile that runs points out that the practical American approach tO on cmmon barnyard manure. Useful to stimulate iechnologkal questions is "ifyOu can do it, do it," and inquiry and ;a second-look attitude.toward commonti that we seldom ask if we should do it. He defines the accepted leChnological limitations. Attractive, hu- Major prdblems man will have to face and solvethe morous, hitimane treatment. S.J. threat of nuclear annihilation and the destruction of the environment. Arnold Toynbee stresseS the need Cities for Peopk, 49 min., color, 1975. Directors: to control population and to foster thetgrowth 9f an Amtmda Pope & John Louis Field for KPBS-TV. international conithunity. M.C. Distributor:University of California, Extension, Media Center. -Henry Ford's America, 57 min., color, 1977. Direc- An appeal for giving cities baCk to the people. Esam- tor: Donald Brittain. Distributor: National Film ines spacesidewalks, stePs, walls (buildings, win- Board of Canada. dows, arcades), 'ceilings (awnings, glass umbrellas, Traces the history of the ca and itsmass appeal from trees)and how that space is used in cities to make its Model, T ("the little black box that couldrun habitable human environments. The glass-roofed \ 4forever") origins to its present-day ten-million-cars- Galleria in Milan, the river walk in Sim Antonio, the a-year production level. Somewhere along the way, trees and fountains of the Savannat squages, the Can- the puritan ethic behind Henry Ford's ideato manu- nery in San Francisco,: the Peach Tree Plaza in At- facture a praCtical, economical Means of transporta- .1anta, the pedestrian walkway in Perugia, all with tion, which would put the country on wheels; got side- human-scale spaces, are contrasted with the de- tracked by an obsession with the profit motive. Car hufnanized Wall St. space. Preserks a strong argu- packaging became.fancier, and the utility of thecar ment for changing our priorities*and planning cities got confuse& With glamour and other indicators of and spaces that will embrace the best of history, upward mobility. The assembl line, mean hilc;got a .

So- drearier and illore demeaning and., laborersorgan- Director: WilliaM iCay. Distribut&: EncyclOpaedia ized. Henry Fogel revived the Pori' Motor Co. and Britannica Educational COrp. 'pushed it into lugh-scale.production and a competi.: Explores America's love 'affair with the automobile, tiue position 'With GM. But with incieased production including its original . benefits of providing cheap came problemsconsumer complaints and warnings transportation, shortening geographical distances, about the sAfety ha2ards of the automobile. Includes a. satideal look, at custom-made cars and a church and obscuring -social distinctions. The autOmObile is sO closely tied to the economy that one Out .of six service at a Drive-In Sanctuary . that only Evelyn 'Waugh could have invented. HM.C. members of the work force ii..engaged in an auto- mobile-related service. Like im uncontrolled mon- 7 ster, the automobile has even defaulted on, its prom- Power and Wheels: The Automobde:in Modern ise of escape: the-Millions of iparson-the road and the American Life., 17 min., color, .1972. Producer/. endless traffic jams make eseape impossible. M.C..

ie**"- 7 Technology, Population and Resources

akeniugs. 45 min., color, p, 1973;r. 1977. Pro- The House of Man Part H: Our Crowded Environ- cer: Duncan Dallas. Distributor: International Re- ment, 11 min., color, 1968. Producer: The Conserva- habilitsion Film Review Library. tion Foundation. Distributor: Encyclopaedia Britan- The influenza epidemic of 1918.had devastatingcon- nica Educational Corp. sequences in worldwide mortality and -ongoing mor- Explores the problems of overdowded cities, hous- bidity. This remarkable film showS Dr. Oliver.Sachs ing and food shortages, industrial pollution, expfOi- working with 'sörne of thosepersons crippled with tation of natiiral resourcescreated largely by in- post-encephalitic disease. Theyare briefly helped by creases in 'the birthrate. At the same time the death a new drug, and their plight raises medical issues that rate has decreased. Well-structured film which sug- reflect worldwide health probl6ms.,E.4. , sests that our technological understanding is still The Bodz Human: The Miracle Months, faulty, and thaewe must use technology to settlesome 50 min., of the problems it created. .I.R. colOr, 47. Diector: Alfred Kelman.Distributor: TraMex Corp, Researith to Prevent tancer, 15 min., color, 1976. One reason for the continuing increase of our popu- .Director:.Larry Yust. Distributor: Association Films. lation is better prenatal care. Successes with difficult pregnancies have been aided by advanced in the A direct, simple presentation of cancer research;top medical sciences. This film studies the techniques scientists and physicians discuss their findings. Ex- doctors use, isted by new monitoring,machines, in plores the possiblecauses of cancer, attempts to three pregnacies .with different 'medical complica- identify -carcinogens, evaluates. stAisties. Containsa tions. Treatnt is clearly explained, enhanced by laboratory sequence involving newborn monkeys. diagrams; cotains excellent footage of the fetuies Good photography. With Gregory Peckand Danny developing the Womb. Narration, at times,roman- Thomas. IR, ticizes the rIe of woman/mother, but the *tog- raphy and sueture cOmpensate. Sony, No Vacancy, 27 min., color, 1973.Director: James Wilhite. Distributor: Malibu Films. Farming and the Land, 29 min.,- color,p. 1977, r. 1978. Director: Michael Hall. Distributor: Image Illustrates the conflict of uncontrolledpopulation Resourco. growth arid map's consumption ofresources. Intelli- gently presenteenformation, althoughsome of the if Examines the current state of agriculture in southern 'montages diminiSh the overall impactof the film. New-Hampshire by documenting six different, small Contains interviews with Dr. Paul Ehrlich,Dr. Wil- family farms which are threatened by population halt Paddock, U Thant, arid others.Rog Serling growth, increased taxes, and low earnings. Focuses narrateS..Good 6 use for discussion ofman's respon- on the need for planning and the lack of gOvernment sibility to man and possible solutionsto the problems awareness and concern on the issues, of irreslionsible consumption.,J. R.

S. &oleo Greta, 97 min. color, 1973. Director: Rich these' 'People. This prizeWinning film is edited from ard,Fleischer. Distributor: Films Inc. the original 90-minute version which is also avail- Interesting ideas on overpopulation, food shortage. able: World Hanger: WI& Win Survive? (Time Life and mercy killing are found in an otherwise pedes- Mtdtimedi1i) E.M. , trian police thriller set in polluted, overcrowded, crnne-ridden New York City of the future. Thesur- hick Ewa, 23 min.,color, 1076. Director: Marty prise ending reveals that bodies from thestate- ..Min. Disuibutor: Stuart Finley. sponsored euthanasia centers arc recycled into Soy- Co pares our different present and futureenergy lent Green crackers, one of the food staples rationed sours . by visiting field installations and research to the masses. A more plausible and frightening laborcries, showing fossil fuels, nuclear fusion and *depiction of the effects of ecological crises is No fission, including the breeder reactor, r energy 'Blade of Grass (97 min., color, 1970. Director: Cor- and 4/ ,and conservation concepts. nel Wilde. Distributor; Films Inc.), in whichan army of refugees from diseased, riot-torn London of the near future strike out for sanctuary in the countryside World P 3 min.; color, 1972. Producer: only to battli various like-Minded groups. B.C. Zero Popultionrowth. Inc. Distributor: Perspec- tive Films: , Voices of adages, 35 min., color, 1975. Producer: Traces the growtand spread of population from Gateway Productions. Distributor: Time Life Multi- I AD, to 2000. On globe, small dotsappear, slowly met4a. at first, but Mere.1 at a geometric rate. Softly, a This compelling doctimentafy. hosted by Bill Moyers, heart6eat begins; th sound quickens and intensifies surveys the food situation in. India where half the (with the dots)like a time bom6, waitingto ex- population is always hungry. Famine, floods, popula- plode. Animated.. Presents the problem ofover- tion growth, black market, and need for land reform population in a. terrifyingly simpleway. A.,good dis-

-and modern techniquss are shown as the plight of cuision starter'. - 8 Incentives forInnovation:Technology and the Economy

. Controlling Interest: Ile World a the Multinational Innovation, 26 min., color, 1976. Producer:Playbatk Corporation, 45 min., color, 1978. Producer/Distrib- Associates,forPhillipsPetroletim.Distributoi: utor: V,itornia Newsreel.. Modern Talking Picture Service. A documentarY that explores theinsidious growth Nafrated by William Shatner; this film takes and influence of ninitinational a look-at corporations which American innovators: men andwome,n like Edison, rape. the natural reSources of Third World cauntries, who put theories to work on utilitarianproducts. leave the piVulation 'inpkwerty and ignorantv, and Throughout the .1117751, of the U.S. technology contrive to beaccountableto was no cOuntry by nature of .used to increase productiyity: Whitneydeveloped their multinational organization. Examines the'qUan- machines to niake muskets, Oliver Evans'grain pro7 dary of a New England union that shaStwboxeswith. eessing rifill foreshadowed the assembly lines the corporation that by 100: owns their factory and dictates yearS, Ford gave the average manan affordable auto unreasonable demands (cuts inpay;a stipulation that when he automated his plants. Traces the town build and our soecesses pay for a new factory building or from the early applications of "Yankeeingenuity" in the corporation wonld closc down the factory). An the 18th century to modern-day researehand devel7 expose of sUper capitalists who maintain their ano- opinent (R&D) teams in large Corporations.'From nymity while maximizing their proh----*-14.C. < the American. Enterprise series. The Farmer in a Changing Al.merka,27 min., color, 1973. Directors: Randolph Hohler& Paul Stein. ,,The Man in the White Suit, 85 min:, .b&W,1951. Distributor: EnCyclOpaedia Britannica 'Educational ADirector: Alexander Mackendrick.Producer: Eahng Corp: Studios. Distributor: Janus Films'. Since the Depression, agribusiness hasreplaced agri- The British .have always beenparticularly adept at Culture. An individual farmcan stretch. lot. miles championing the underdog agaittst theestablishment. and is .so conifletely jnechanized that faiinwork is Here, chemist Sidney Stratton,(AlecGuirmess) takes comparable to factory work. Farmers haveleconie on both capital and labor by inirentinga miracle fiber managers, and scientific advances have so improved that will never get' dirtyor,,,worout. The eccinomie standardization and qaantity that 2percent of the repercussions for thetextire" industtyare immediately 'population feeds the other 98percent. Concentrates perceived by both the millowners and workers who 'on the, vast machinery that has revolutionizedthe har- join fotces to suppress the discoVery."Their exertion's, vesting and pOceSsing of crops, and thewave of the are needless, for Sidney's formula hasa fiaw in it. future when .farming will .he carriedout in domed, 'Another polite slapat progress is delivered in The controlled environments. Titfiekl Thunderbolt (84 min., color,1953. Director: Charles Crichton. Producer: EalingStudios. pistrib- Food:, Green Grow the ProOts, 56 mitt., color,.1974. utor: Janus Films), in which the townspeople pull Director: 1ames Benjamin for ABC-TV News. Dis- together to keep the local train froal being4ep1aced u-ibutor: HMIs. by a bus line. 'Theyargue that the buses are more The premise of this documentary is that control of the dangerous and will ruin their quiet clean tOWns.HOW :growing, "proeessing. and marketing ofmany fls in right they were. M.C. : the. U.S.. has become an agribusiness domiaate the demand for.inereasing corporate profits. Show The Medieval Gilds, 21 min., color,1966. Producer/ that this profit motive is pushing technologicalan Distributor: Encych6paed,ia Britannica EducatiOnal marketing efficiency at the expense of the .taste and Corp.' nutritional value of Our food; that the work.being Describes the economic organization ofthe gilds,by done to make today's food productSrnore profitable Gonclentrating on the shoemakers' gild:Gilds ire is being financed by the taxpayer's .money And,. in likened fo Chainhers of Commerceor trade organiza- return, the consult* is getting a product that is tionS which overseethe output of apartieularcraftily harniful-otbe bodylbrain, and nervous system., The regulating prices, ray.' materials, prodUctionlevels, LS. Coy nients F.064 and Drug Administration is and qUality./The masters of the gildsbegan aS simple accused of Winking ;it infractions of its laws, and the craftsmen Who were transformed by expindiagtrode agribusiness conglomerates are accused of keeping into capikaiists and abandonedthe performance of their Suppliersthe small farmers and growersin the craft forentrepreneurial functions. A good, but feudail fiefdom. 1.M. pot very sophisticated historical re-ereation. .. Money on tneLand, 52 mM., cOlor, 1972. Producer: Writer/Narrator John Kenneth Galbrn. Distribit- Miehae! Gill for BBC,TV. Writer/Narrator: Ahstair tor: Films Inc.), which highlights .the rcer and Oistributor: Time Life Multimedia. writinss of the socialist theorist.

. Alistair Cooke's droll comMentary on° the rise of The Renewabk Tree, 59 min., color, 105,'Dircetor: capitalisrif in the U.S. coVers the,change from .1 nation .Ben Shed. Oi..striputor; Time .Life Multimedia. Of yeoman farmers to one of urbandwellers and fac7 A.documentaryon the forest industry arid itselairii tOry wOrkers. He examines the sweeping changes in , I agriculture that were iichieved during the 19th cen- that trees are a renewable re'source. Shows the history Wry through inventions like the reaper and eombineit of..tr4 farming, the application of igenetic research VVhicti paradoxically made ,the farnicrs, lottou r:' in tree production, and modern mailagernent tech-. the inereaSed productivit, caused prices.to dro niques as.appliedto the cutting of trees. The bask much thatiarmors went indebt to pay for the teal- tenet is to question whether trees .grown for the nolOgy that increased their output. Cooke also exam lumber industry.are, in fact, a, renewable resource. ines the rise. aChievements, and guiding mentalities The film may .be used ,to instigate discussion on Of the giant capitalists Rockefeller and Carnegie and wfiether teChnology is in itself beneficial and/or the inventor-entrepreneur Thomas A. Edison. From whether the application 'of technology is what causes the Arneric4 series. Might be used iii tandem with two- pro6lems. C.S. accounts'of fictional capitalists,: In A Coraer in .NVIteat -Some Call It Gfeed, 51 miri.,-Color, 1978. Director: (12 miii,, b& w. 1909. Virector: P. W.: Griffith. Dis-. Timothy FOrbes. Distributor: Forbes Magazine. tr4.;utort Museurn of Modern Art),'Nneat king Frank . POwell's conps on the market are Cptrasted with the *A celebration. .of the j)0th anniversary of Porbes

. distress his machinationscause. Come and Get 1r(99 magazine, based on an essay entitled "What. Makes W, 1936. Diiecuirs: aoward Hawks & Wil.-`,), America ?So.breat,- by MalcOlm Forbes, Jr. The *I.., Distributor: Audio Brandon Films) thesis of this film is that the United States becamea .s on tIlie lumber industLy and hoW the exploita- ,powerful nation becatise of incentive: the incentiveof . . if 'America's .forests :made 'one min wealthy. .; the 'robber barons who were,.the -Creators of great s 4 .C. . N.- enterprises-.", Thus, the.film praises the ingenuity and 4. resourcefulness of such men as J. P..Morgam.J. D.- Rockefeller, Henry Ford, and Ray Kroc rophets and proMise of Classigl Capitalism, MacDonalds), Great-Stresis placed On' the-. lin.: color, 1977. Producer: Adrian Mal9ne fat . CamiticatiOns Of their -great enterprises," especially C-XV. Writer/Narrator:John Icarieth Galbraith. .the iny-eittion of the automobile and the relateduse of ributor: Films Inc. the ,assenfbly.linc,.,which are cited aslhe catalysts of lbraith looks at the lives.and theories,of the fd,undL chan6,44roductiOn methods, for example.are cof ec4tcomicS: Adam Smith; laiSsei-faire Asia the:'; said to:1-i.a.,e 'inspired Fr,ederick Maytag; who auto- dision ollabor ttieori,:Ditvid Ricardo and the labOr .inatedrthe washboar0The prpliferation of Cars led to theOry of.valuc:' Malthus and-his population thOry', the expansion of roadpuildingprograrris and changed Zrwn...,1.-t

11. as well as such lesser lightS as the physiocrats it:td the American' lifestyle: itiiople no longer bought from early communist utopias such as that of Robert Owen catalogs, but drOve directly to chtin stores. The -film atNew. Harmony: Indiana. From the Ageäf - covers 60 years ofAtne. rtelin history, emphaSizing out dal* series. Might .bc, used with another series en,try, change frcun an agrarian to a eonsulner society and Massive Dissep,t (6(1 tiiin.-;cc)lar, the related inventions thafed that consumerism. j97.7.Prodycer:Adrian Malone Air BBc-TV. 4

.4 *9 Science andTechnology

Benjamin Franklin: SCitatist, Statesman, Scholar For You, Mr. Bell, 16 inin.co1o, 1973. 'Director:, and Sage, 3.0 mid., collar, 1969. Product: Leo A, Witham Canning :for the National Film Board of Handel. Distributor: Handel Film Corp. -.Camilla. Distributor: Leir4ing. Corp. ot' America. Serves as ;,in introduction to the multi-faceted life of This warm portrait 'of the inventor of the .telephone,

Franklin. He was a signer of the Deelatation of Inde-. Alexander Graham. Bell,-.etnphasizes his.Work With pendence,. an anibassador, a' printer, author of Poor the deaf and his founding of the Natioñal Geographic Richard's Altiganac, and.an, Mventor. He developed, Society. C.A. E.. the lightning rod, bifocal glasseS, the Franklin stove, .. .. Hidden Stnwture, 52 min., color, 1974. Producers: .the four-sided street lamp, and scores,of utilitarian , ilni .. products,..but. he never earned nioney:from theavo':..:::::;-'',AKiTV "54Time Life Fs. DiStributor: 'Erne Life .

he:donated them-for the public good. Uses ainhen- MuitiniedilL . . . ticsites memOrabilia, and stillsfor the visuals.. Illustrates the Ways in which differing perceptionsof a . . .----C.A:E. .. scientific...and technological problem more dr fess' faCilitate ari effective solution. Defines-the essence of Ego Trap, 5 min., color, 1977. Director: ..lozsef Nepp. invention as, ask an inipertinent questioti and Distributor: Bosuslow Productions. . you arc on the way to a pertinent ansWer." Inludes A whimsical animated film in which an aircrafti de- the work of such invkontors as:.Paracelsus, Priestley, signer creates- a blueprint tor a fine.nevplaiie to John Dalton, Lavoisier, and Boyle, .as well.110. such replace. his company's old,biplane: His boss makes a, ".cherniCali\technologic,,ldilcoVeriesas.bronze by.Chi,- few changes, and a few More. Until.the plane looks nese craftsmen anthJapanese samurai swoidsmiths. like him.: Of course, it can't .fly, so the company Li:Saul to providea stimulating ov,erview ofthe ge.n- , . resumes manufacturing the biplane. C.A E. eral, Sotnewhatcomplex history of invention' in 'the wotid. From The Ascent of Man ,series.'S,J. Einstein, 42 min., b&w, 1969. Producer: -13BC-TV. pstriputoi: Time .Life Multimedia: The Wizard Who Spat on thelloor, 41 min., color, An absorbing portrait of the seientific genius Albert 1974. Producer: RobereVas for BBC-TV. Distribu- Einstein, told by his friends and colleagues. His aide tor:lime Life Multimedia. Banesh HOffman siniply and thoroughly explains the Presents Thomas Alva Edison, the man and the theory of relativity. For More on Einstein,,see Albert inventor, through documentary footage andrare in- Einitein: The Eclucation Igo Genius (44 Min.., color, terviews, including one with his daughter: Edison 1974. ..Director: Harold. :Mantel]. Narrator: 'Peter held over 1,300 patents and developed the electric Ustinoy..Distributor;,Films.ifor the Fliimaniiies). This light bulb, the stock ticker, the multiplex telegraph, tilm's cimPhasis is upun..Einstein's early years as4a and the phonograph. His inventions often built on the

nonconformist child, his edtwation in Swiis sehool's,. work of others and.he said, 'Everyone steals Mcom- his.first. job as a-patent examiner,:and the route.to his merce; 'I've stolen a lot myself, but I know how to disctiveries. steal." C. A. E.

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1)- 69 p. ,

, - 10 The Imperatives of Engineering

Blue Collar, 414 min,,Color, f978. Virector: Paul With a population of older a million, Sapporo.. Japan, Schrader. Distributor: Universal/ tb:. is a .mOdel of a well-designed city wiünany ,anti- The econoritic, eial. raetal, and political pressures pollution and energy efficient meaSures built into its ..on'three buddies. on the Detroit assembly line. Hon- growth plan. The measures include encouraging pub- . .

. est, hard-hitting drama of labor conditions today.. Cir lie transportation (bus, metro), monitbring traffic . ;1. Wash (97 -Min.: color,1976. Director: Michael' flow, creating a green belt arOund the city,.developing .

Schultz. . Distributor:. -Universal/16) offerS a More- river banks, lakes, 'and ponds into public parks; and decentralizing' the city center to avoid congestion.' eon .tedic4but no lesS truthful:. lOok at 'how Arnei ican 'workers cope op the job. From -the -1../rbq 2000 series which iS.devoted to urban a planning. Contrasts-with the rather different BritiSh approach in Saiinptoke Hussain Trup Humaiu (Human Too Human), 77 Runcorn - British New min.,,eolor, 1972. Director: Louis Malle. Distritiu- Towni (87 min.', color,1974. . Director: Midhel tdr: New Yor.,ket Films. Regnier.. Distributor:' National Film Board of Can- ada). Britain'has developed'30 new towns asa me'Ns A non-narrated detailed observation of the assembly of relieving the pressure' on large urban centers. linesin a Citroen alorriobile plant in France.. Form- .Basingstol4 which is 40 miles_southwest of London, .ing an interlude in the assembly line scenes isa combines residential with industrial advantages. sequence_ Shot.at .an auto show where buyers and Runcorn is a suburb .of LiVerpool, btit then is some brsers talk aNiut the pros and cons of the year's qtiestion whether aimcorn relieves Population Ores- new cars,. ineluding Vie quality of workmanship. * sure on the larger city or merely allowsthe rundown Gives an excellent sense cif the factory environment areas to deteriQratefurthe r by draining away industry. and the repetitive nature .of assemby line Work. and the .middle-class population. The series format N.C. leans toWard talking heads', but the questions 'and 'concerns raised are .those of all urban centers thatare Nuckar Cotintdown,2.8 min., color,.1978. Producer: planning their future in the face of high industrializa- United. N'ations. Distributor: Journal FilmS.. tion and increasing popUlation. The rapid momentum of technology sometimes leads The Taking of Pelham 1-2-3, 104 min:, color, 1974. to inventions with far-reaching consequences Jor Director: loseph Sargent. Distributor: United Art: mankind, such as the.nuclear bornb. The promiseof ists/.16. peaceful atom is still largely unfulfilledNitui:e the., arms race Continses. Oue out of .four stieritists is The inner workings of the 'New York City s.ubway 'employed defense. work today. This' film clearly gystem are seen as never before in this action tale Of . . the hijacking of a subway car. The technology of the . calls tor nuclear disarmament. subway system is employed by both the transit police and the bandits (one of whOm is a subway motorman) One, Two: Three..Cleatr'.! 12 1/2 min., cokx 1977. in a game of wits. B.C. ProduCer/ Distributor: Sttiart Finley. Describes a th'ree-step mOdern sewage treatment The 3rd Polhitioa, 23 min., color.' 1966. Director/ process. Explores the .Way technology .has success- Distributor: Stuart Finley. . fully managed, to clean the billions of gallonS of . lncreases in population mean incriases in solid waste;

sewage created daily, and return it to a riveror stream . each person, each day, contributes alinost five pounds , without polluting. 'Excellent photography of the prc>... of waste material to the already over-burdeneden, cesses involved:. 'narration clearly explains the varions. vironment. explores' a variety of alternative steps. Filmed at the PiScataway (New Jersey) tertiary methods for handling this waste so tat itcan con- treatment plant. '-÷J.R. tribute to, rather than detract from, our planet. Well- structured and photo raphed, but the music isover- TTSapporo: -Maimed Crowtb, mln., colo-r. 1974. -bearing. Doesn'tproote One single answer, so the' Producer/Disteutor:NationalFilm- Board of differenn)rocedur,outlined in the film should pro- Canala. vide a basis for lively and infortried disilssion.

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14* 11 Wars: Hot -andCdid 4.

Air Force, 124 min., b&w. 1943. Director:Howard Hiroskima-NatasakiAugust 1945i 16 min., b&w, Hawks. Distributor: United Artists/16. .1971. Producer: Erik BarnouW. Distributor: Indiana With the advent orWorld,War IIand the extenkive University, Audio-Visual Center erental only). propaganda efforts required of Hollywood, Military 1.he destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki inAug- . technology began to play an importantpart in war ust .1945 by U.S. atomic bombs was recorded by. movieS. Air Force isa pritne eXample of the type of Japanese.cameramen, but .this'footagewas withheld war filni in w hich the instfUments of battle tookcenter. from the publie.by U.S. authorities for,morethan 20 stage. In this case, a bomber crew ;truggles against all years. Fur the first firm, this film-Lmade 'from that odds to keep its13-17 flying and fighting throughthree original footage---7gives Americans the painfulop- battlefields in the Paeifie immediately followingthe portunity to see the hurnan toll of the decision to.drop outbreak of hostilities: A submarinewas the fOcus of the bomb.. N.C. DesSination Tokyo (135 Min., b&w, 1943.Director: Delmer Daves. Distributor: United ArtiSts/16); a. Impact of War, 26 rnun ,color, 1971. Producers: John tank in Subaru' (97 mitt., b4w, 1943. Director:Zol- Christophel & Robert. L. barthwaite. Distributor:

tan Korda., Distributor: Audio Brandon);.a Liberty Pictura FilMs. . Ship in Action Male Nodh Atlantic (127 min., b&w, Reconstructs, through skillful use of stela footage, 1943. Director: Lloyd Bacon. Distributor:United U.S. involvement in global war from the, Spanish- Artists/16) andi PT boats in TheY Were Expendable AMerican War to Vietnam, with special emphasison (135-min.. b&w. 1945. Director: John Ford.Ris- out entries into World Wars I and II and the advances tributor: Films Inc. 7 in military technology employed therein. The-seg- ments on. Korea and Vietnam are brief and designed Arnisiinents: The War Game-, ISmin., color, 1972. Director: Patrick Corbett.: Distributor: Document to point out how little we've absorbed from the AssOciates., lessons of the World Wars. Over footage of Vietnam- ese funeral proCessions, host-narrator Charles Blair Srwciactilar stock fotage is usedto .present recent declares that ."the ultimate anti-war protest is the dveklprikents in military strategy and.technology,. .shedding of tears." &rare curriculuni filnuhatmoves inelOding contpater Oita& of.weaponry;harnessing as well as instructs. B.C. * the elements, to. Wage environmental warfaremili- tary capability-in outer space and under the ka"; laser- The Plutoniiiin Connection, 59 min., color,- 1975: beams; one-man anti,gravity machines. Dr.. Donald Producer:WGBH-TV.OtributonTime Life G. Brennan of the Hudson Institute .thinktankand Multimedia. Dr. Jerome B. .Weisner of 11,1-.I.T., offer the-prosand Episode of Nova which points out the ready avail- eons of weapons kJe ve lopme nt. Concludes byexpress- ability of key information on nuclear technology and ing optimism id the peace movement of the time, but the possibility of plutonium thefLbecause ofweak the movement, has since died, thus dating'thefilm., securify and accountingmeasures employed by The weapons segmentsare still, effectiiie. B.C. atomic energy plants. Pointedly declares thata re-. sourceful .terrorist group would be willing and able "cbe Arsenal, 52 min., color, 1972: Director: David to fashion crude, but effective, nuclear weaponry. A Heycock. Distributor: Time- Life Multimedia. lesser power, such as Israel or In41, supplied with Alistair Cooke takesus.on a guided tour Of the .past "peaceful" nuclear technology, cOuld easilyconvert and future of AMerican weapons technology froM it to make nuclear weapons. Informative, though **the rifle by die fireplace to the shatterer of. worlds." rambling, it consists of interviews, location ftiotage, After preSenting a selective version of changes in, and Robert Redford's narration, which makesa con; U.S. defense policies from the Revolution to 'Viet- vincing case for tighter safeguardson the develop- man. ,Cooke focuses on isSues raised by ."the tech- ment of nuclear power. I3.C. nology of unthinkable war" b!, shOwing us assorted 1) C nuclear _weapon command posts and pt!..inting The.Satsw Bug,:114 tilitk;.cotor,1965 Director Inhn 'out their .capabilities. A diversity of stock fdotage Sturges. Distributor: United ArtistSflp. (including: rarely seen anti-World War 11 prote'sts)),, A lethal vinis is, stolen lrottia top-seeret biOlogical er(sp editing, and Cooke:s insightful narration make researchinstallation and authorities race against time this'a superior Social studies film for age:groups from to prevent its release. Simple, competent susPenie .juniut high on up. From theseries : A Per- thriller pointing .out :the dangers ofa chemical and .son#1 11411,0iy of the United States.. B.C. biological warfare program_With the:notableexcep-

71 ti9p.sof The Andiegnitiii Strain (137mm.. color, North Pole for recovery of a Russian reconnaissance 441.Vir,e,etor:.Robert Wise.Distributor: UniVersali satellite. More recently, Twilight's Last. Gleaming' 140'...4itrirke OmegaMan .( 98 min., color, 1971, focuses on a brzarre incident of nuclear blackmail, in Director:. Boris Sagal: Distributor:Audio Brandon), which a renegade. Air Force general andtwo .fellow germ warfare never really caughton With Movie-, escapeeS' from a military prison seizecontrol of an makers and .audienses theway nuclear .holocauists underground missile command post .and threatento did. 'A dated television, documentaryon the subject laNunch nine Titans if theirdemands to the president The Secrets of Secrecy (47min., color, aren't met. One of their demands: broadcast thecon- 1969: Director: ToniPettit. Distributor:Films Inc..). tents Of a top-secret document regarding U.S. in- yolvernent. in Vietnam. Unbearablesuspense ensues when the general opens the silo hatches and begins A Thousand Cranes: The Children of Hiroshima, 24 the launch countdown after armed attackem tripan Min., ,b&w, '1968. Director: Betty Jean Lifton. Dis- alarM. Vicilent conclusion demonstrates the iricon- . tributor: Macmillan Films. gruity of individual heroics in the face of such awe- some war machinery. .B.C. Long after the A-bomb destruction of Hiroshima,the survivors and the offspring of the victims still confrOnt The War Game, 49 min, b&w. 1966. Director: Peter the crippling aftereffeets of radiationexposure.. Yet Watkins for BBC-TV. Distributor: Filins Inc. neither bitterness nor vengefulness inform theirac- tiOns, only a sincere' desire fora lasting peace. A Newsreel-style documentary of nuclear attack:on beautiful and .haunting film that is bothattjbute to the England depicts the effects on one community and is Japanesc spirit and an effective ailti7warstatement. enacted by its 'residents (all 'non-professionals). Shows the hurried evacuation proceedings and weak preparation measideS before the blast and the death;. disease, destruction, and disorder afterwards. NO Twilight's Last Gkasning,, 144 min., eolor; 1977.4)i- other film has so graphically presented the horrifying, rector: Robert Aldrich. Distributor: Hurlock Cine- World. effects of a nuclear attack on its innocent victimSnor has any other film made sucha convincing calse Incisive features on the abuses of nuclearweaponry against the proliferatiOn of nuclearpower. Because . have been few and far between. The Bedford Inci- the information on Which the film is based dates back dent (102 min., b&w, 1965. Director: James B. to Hiroshima, Dresden, and other World.War II Harris. DistributOr. Audio Brandon.) involves a co,id bombingsites, the implication is thatan actual attack, war. eat-and-mouse game betweenanuclear-. by todaY's niany-times-more-powerful bombs would -equipped American destroyerand a Soviet sub Itithe be far more devastating than the attack described in North Atlantic, In Ice Station Zebra (.148 min., color, the film. Points out the appalling lack Of information 1968. Director: John Sturges. Distrivbutor: Films available to the pUblic on tlw effects of nuclearwar. Inc: ), a U.S. nuclear sub races Soviet aircraft to the Highly recommended viewing .foreveryone..--

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72. 12 The Governmentskolein Technologic& Change a Defense lad Domestic Needs: Contest for Tomor- the most elaborate technology of theseries, only to be row, 77 min.. color, 1969: Producer: PUblic Broad- surpassed ten years Liter (after four cast Laboratory of National Educational more Bond films). 0. A Television. by The Spy Who Loved Me (125min., color, 1977. Distributor: Indiana University,Audio-Visual Cen- Director; Lewis Gilbert. Distributor: United ter. 'Artists/ 16), the most recent Bond film, whichfeatured thein- jacking of two nuclear submarines. IntervieWswithcongressmen and assorted public offi- Moouraker, the cials offering differing viewson, defense needs are next entry, promises to send Bond intoouter space. The Bond films popularized technological intercut ,with lively footage ofweapons demonstw- advances tion.spoint out the enormousinfluence of .the as no other movies have. The science and defense .industries could not ask for better public 'military,.dele.nse contractors, and their civilianlobby-.. relations. ists on the forinulation of\ defensepOlicies and their B.C. staggering costs to the. U.S. taipayer..Althoughthis, Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned tO StopWorrying television docUrfientarywas made at the heightof the and Love the Bomb, 93 min., b&w,1964. Director: Vietnam War ten, yearsago, its depiction Of the inter- Stanley Kubrick. Distributor: Swank. action between government, themilitary,, industry An accidental nuclear attack on Russia catisedby a and the; public; and the resultant effecton defense fanatical right-wing Air Force general resultsin the ,strategies and Costs is stillaccurate. The message that. triggering of the wOrld-destroying DoOmsday.Ma- only a concerted, effort by 'taxpayerswill reverSe the. chine. Kubrick'S satiriCal treatment andexaggerated trend toward increased and wastefulspending is also still relevant.,B.C., comic Characterizations makeus painfully aware of. the immaturity and irresponsibility displayedby the Dr: No, 105 min.,,, color, 1963;Director: Terence world powers (particularly the u.s.) in theirattempts Young:. Distributor: UnitedArtists/16. to dOminate the Unwieldy power pf the atom. Til.chnology, at its most fancifulserves both hero and Dossier 51,408 min., color, 1978. Director: Michel villain the fantastically popular series ofmovies .Deville. Distributor: New YorkerFilms. .leaturing James Bond, agent 007 of theBritish Seeret Service.. Dr. No uses nuclear A complete personality profile ofa newly appointed power to divert the French govjrnment official (cOde-named "51") WW1...C.0f rockets fired from CaFie Canaveral is before compiled by a top-secret agency which shares its point the operation is sabOtaged by thequick Wits and A"sts of view with the audience throughwiretapi, secret of Bond. In Front Russia with ,Love(118min,, color, cameras, and cleVet'Operatives; who infiltriteevery 1963. Director: Terence Young, Dfitributor:United , spect of 5I's past and present life. Alarming inits Artists/16), Bond uses a weapons-laden attachecase Tdepiction of the true eictehi ofgovernment surveil- to 'battle his enemy .counterpart over' control ofa lance and invasion of privacy. Critiealopinion sophisticated ,Soviet decOding of this machine. Goldfinger film was sharply.divided because of ("108 min., color, 1964. toireetor:' Guy many reviewers' Hamilton. inability to comprehend die Distributor*.nited Artists/16) plans current technOlogical ad- to corner the vances in spying and the ongoing abuses of these ad- world's gola risarket for .himself by' blowing up Fort vances by government agencies. In a more personal Knox with an ithAlic boMb. One:of theliashierfools at Bond's disposal here is vein, The Conversation (113 min.; color,'1974. Di- a gadget-ridden Aston rector: Francis Ford Coppola. Martin ComPlete-Withan ejector 'seat and .maching Distributor: Para- mount) probes the effect of his workon a professional guns behind the headlights. In Thanderball (132 wiretapper. B.C. min.. color, 1965:Director: Tererie&Young:Distrib- utor: United 'Artists/16), SPECTRE, the inter- Lovejoy's Nuclear War, 60 min., color,1975. Direc- national syndicate of evil, holdstwo hicked itonfic tor: Dan Keller. Distributor: 'Green MountainPost bombs for ransom before Bond, equipped Withan Fllms. * underwater rocket pack, leads ;he CIAto the rescue. An anti-nuke film centeredon an act' of civil dis- A mammoth SPECTRE spacecraft swallowsorbiting obedience: Sam 'Lovejoy Jevelsa 500-foot utility U.S. and Russian space Capsules in orderto provoke tower belonging to a nuclear power plant in orderto a world war in Yon Only Live Twki (116 min., color, dramatically focus the attention of' thecommunity 1967.-,Director: LeWis Gilbert. .Distributor: United and the media on the hazards ctif nuclearpower as an Artists/lb). Among the weapons Bondemploys here energy source: Presents both sides ofan issue that are samurai swords and a lightweight, portable, assumes great iinportance in this day of oil shortages, missile-equipped, one-man helitopter. 1*i/offered energy conservation, and environmental protectiOn.

73 Max Have liar, 165 min., color, 1979. Directnr: Fons' The Rise and- Fill of Money, 57 min color, 1977.

Rademakers. Distributor: New Line Cinema. . Producer; Adrian Malone for BBC-TV. Writer/Nar- ratin: JOhn Kenneth Galbraith. Distributor; Films 'Describes how Dutch eokinists brought.' the. East Inc. Indies to heel by reducing the natives to a slave force, manipUlating the royal, family, and exploiting the John Kenneth Galbraith narratesthis stlery of money ,wealth of the land; and how one Dutch official, Max through the ageshow money affected and was af- 'Havelaar, tried 'to lessen the .misery his government fected by history. He stresses that money has always .and the traders' greed was causing. Based on a novel presented problerts because it was either abundant by Multatuli, w.hich -waS published. just before the and unreliable, or =liable and searce, or, worse, un- American Civil War, it offers parallels with the treat- reliable and scarce. These problenueled to regulation. ment of American blaeks:--7M.C. In 17th-century Amsterdam, the moncychangerS formed a btu* which returned to weighing coins and, The Metric Muvistl5 min.,. color, 1975,0Dieector: knought coinagel'under public control. In 1694, the Les NovroS. Distributor: .Best Films. Bank of England was formed and provided all the Opens with'a brief animated history of measurement., functions of a central bank. The American Revolu- then..introduces, compares, illustrates, and clarifies tion introduced another form of moneypaper cur- the fundamental concepts of the SI metric lem: rency so corrupt in value that the resulting inflation base ,derived units, multiple and s gave birthto\\the epithet of opprobrium "not worth a prefixes.. A useful introduction to theiu ject.. continental." For mole than a hundred years, efforts to establish a U.S. national bank were unsuccessful

. Patent Pending, 55 min., color1976. Producer: until the passing of the Federal Reserve Act of 1914 1,1 -Post-Newsweek. DistribUtor: cerne Films.. created a central bank that could cushion the impact Traces the history of the U,S". Patent Office, and pre- of hard times. The DepressiOn ushered in the Keynes- sents both whimsieal--inventions and these that ian Revolution, and brought increased government changed American life: the cotton gin., the. MeCor- control of money and prices. An informative guide to mick harvester, the automobile, barbed wire, lino- the changing concept -of money and an entertaining type, and the telephOne, which is the most profitable film despite the gimmickry of carnival sets anOussy patented device in the U.S. Thg second part of the visuals. From the Age of Uncertainty seriesM.C. film fociises primarily on the recent developmehts The Rivet, 30 min., b&w, 1937. DirectorjPare within the comMunittations industry and computer Lorentz. Photographers: Stacey Woodard, Floyd technology. Narrate4 by William Shaper. C.A.E. Crosby, Willard Van Dyke. Music: Virgil Thomson. Paul Jacobs aid the/ NUclear Gang, 58 min., color, Distributor: Images. :.19,70. Directors: Ja9k Willis & Saul Landau. Distrib- Classic Thirtifi' documentary that follows the Missis- titor: The Center f. r Documentary Media. sippi (and itstributaries) from its source tope sea; In ti.)--5Z journalist Paul Jacobs. began investigating - and studies theindustry, life, and trade that depend thc story-b.( a possible cover-up by the government of on the river and the hardships caused by the river. A infOrmation about the effects of low-Jevel radiation beautiful buillup to some propaganda for the Tennes- on those exposed to fallout from atomic tests and to - See Valley Authority, thegovernment-financed cor- -. workers in atonlic energy plants. He pursued.this poration that harnessed the energy of the Tennessee story .for the next 20 years until, hjs death in January River and converted it into electricalpower. M.C. fropOung cancer, whiCh he may have:contracted Tea Who Dared Series (10 films), 49 min. each, :115 t of exposure to low-level radiation- in the coui-Se of his investigations. Two of his colleagues, color, 1976. Producers: BBC-TV & Time LifEilms. Willis arid Landau; filmed Jacobs during his last Distributdr: Time'Life Multimedia. .months,and purSued the story of the.cover-up after Each film focuses on a different explorer: Titles in- his death. Their investigations, Verified by revelations clude: Christopher Cohunbus: The Americas, 1492; of government-sponsored studies, indicated that the Francisco Pizarro: Inca Nation, Peru, 1532; Captain incidence of various types of cancer was much higher Jans Cook: South Pacific, 1768; Aksander Von , in areas where.nuclear testing had taken place in the -Humboldt: Venewela,1799; iedediali Smith: Amer- 1950s and also among workers in nuclear plants. A ica, 1826; Burke and Wilts: Austraba, 1860; Henry powerful, well-docuinented report on the .potential Morton Stanley:Congo River,1874; Charles clangers of ,rapid- technologicaldevelopment without Doughty: Arabia, 1877; Mary Kinpley: West Africa, adequate 'safeguards for human lxings..N.C. 1893; Rid Ansundoen: South Pole, 1914

74 13 The Mystery of lnventtyeness

Here .1s Tomorrow, 28 min., color, 1967. Director: Creation. Useful to compare and contrast the scien- 3 laCk Denove,Distributor;'NeW YorkTelephone Film talc and technological discoveryprocess witivartistic Library. creativity as it is often understood by laypersons. A dramatizatiOn OfAlexander Graham Bell,'scareer, Clariiy and compelling arguments and examplesillus- beginn4 witha re-enactment.of the first public air- trate the, complexities of the "inventive leaps" made plane flight. Although credit is givento the Wright by..creatoo,in ajl walki of life. S.J. Brothers for.their innovation,- furtherinhovations in the flying niaehine were. developed.by Bell: 'hinged Louis PasteurMin of Science, 27 Min. b&w,1952. wing tip :. covered. cockpit. .and the steerablethree- 14-4dUcer: Viking Films.Distributor: Sterling Educa- ,tional Films. . wheeled undercarriage. Moreover,Bell's improve- # mentsof the airplane were workectoutWhile he flew a Louis Pastenr'; experimental work includeddeter- kiteanother ramification of Ben Franklin'sfavorite mining Where microbes andgerms come from, how. hobby. Less familiar Bell inventionsare alsoCovered: infectious diseases spread, -and howto coMbat dis- the vacuum jacket., whichwas the fOrerunner of the eases such as anthrax and rabies: This is a dramatiza- itcn lung machine, and improvementson .Edison's tion of how Pasteur set about finding theansWers to phonOgraph.. These inventionsare good examples not these questions:. Althoughan old-fashiOned)film, it ' Only-a the ramificarions of invention,but of thesci- give a good idea of his system of logic andhis irse of -elude mind at work:as. Bell' was able to perfect 'the scientific method. Italso includes onemOment of already existing ideas. The inventionof the telephone Pasteur acting on an "inspired guesS." Ifasteut found is, perhaps,..the best examPle of anaccidental dis- an old batch of Chicken,chOlera bacilli in 114 'co./cry. However,= what is.usually forgotten is that injected some chickens with it, and, aftera bfriefill- Bell originally set out to develop theharnionic tele- ness,, they recovered. He then injected them with 'graph to transmit several telegrams simultaneoCiSIY. fresh microbes of the disease.'it hadno effeeCHe ." While wo'rking on this device, he "chanced".to heara reasoned that they had become immiinizedby the ;Wang through the receiver,and the notion of a tele- older microbes, and so he wenton to Create vaccines phone. was born. A promotionalfain for Bell Tele- for anthrax and, later, rabies. It isclear that his phone which glorifies Mr. Bell. "inspired guess" had ramifications of greatimpor- P For another approadisee Tlie -Story .of Atexander tance. K.S. Graham Bell (97' min.,. b&w, 1939.Director: Irving Cummings. Distributor: Filnis inc.). K.S. Youlug Tom Edison, 86 min., b4tw, 1940.Director: NorMan Taurog. Distributor: Films The Indomitable Bladramith:Thomai bayeaport; 20 Mickey.Rooney portrays Thomas Edisbn min., b&w, 1953. Direetor: William Thiele. Dis- as a young man in this biography, that covers the '.tributor:.Indiana U4ersity, Audio-VisualCenter.. young inven- tor's Port Huron years, during which timeMost of the 'bramatization ofblacksmith Tom Davenport's dis- townfolk, fiis fath9 among them, thoughtthere 'was covery in the 1830s of khe principle behindthe elec- something strang'e aboutyoung Edistin. Ije wend his. tric. motor, and his effortsto 'develop a. practical, pocket money 9n chemica!s, *lost blewup the working model...The moment of discoveryis shown as \schoolhonse withan experiment, nearly wrecked a accidental ;,a Spinning wheel that Davenportrepaired. train with a bottle of horrie-rtnidenitroglycerine, with an iron patch Movei when itcomes.in contact among other apocryphal things. This is the first ehay-. with an electromagnet. Observesthat industrialists of ter c) a two-part biography; part' 1.1 two is Edison "the the period, committed, to steampower, remained Man (107 min., b&W, 1940. Director: dIarence unconvinced of the potential of Davenport'sinven- Brown. DiStributon- Films Inc.)in whish Speneer tiorv.. Frani 7./ie cav&dr of America series. K.S. Tracy portrayi Edison. The story beginswith 8disc4,- aged tq, on t4 night of the celebration'of Koestler on Creativity, 40 min:, Color, 1971?.Pro- the 55th anniversary of the eleetric ,lamp,. then lashes -. -duce rEll4C-TV. Distributor-Time-Life-Multimedia-. baArk ta'r- the xears when hewas an unknown inventor, Includes Visually imaginative semi-documentary based on dis- hifortuitouS invention of the phonograph;.and 13is i:ussions by .Artbur lcoestler, author of The7Act of 'ordeal with thc ipcandestent

. TechnOlogyand4eSemess Web.Ethicalbilemmas

Are You DOing Mkt for Me; Doctor, or Am I Doing CoIoasiiThe Forbin Project, 100 min:, color, This for Yon, 52 mm,, color, 1975, Producer: Peter 1970. Director: Joseph Sargent. Distributor: Uni- Jones. Distributor: Time Life Multimedia. versal/16:

. Explores the ethics of..live human patient experi- ColosSus, a self-contained computer system pro7 'mental 'medicine. Opens with a seriesof eipose epi- grammed to defend the Western world, aSserts its '0(..ieson ethically qiiestionable research projects control over all U.S. nuclear'-stockpiles and, after Completed in the .United States and Great Britain. establishing, cOmmunication,with its Soviet counter- .The tilm points out that codes for medical research on part, begins giving orders. An e noossing,: harrowing tiuman patients were ndt developed until after World dramatization showing where our dependence on .War II, and questions whether the codes are being computers could lead us. A more fanciful and philo- adhered to today. This film would be 'exeellent for sopkical version of the same theme is the French initiating discussion.about whether ,wecan ethically,' AlOavitle (100 min., biizw, 1965. Director: Jean- implement new technology into 'medicine Luc Godard. Distributor: Corinth), in which private considering more public involvement in the experi- 'eye Lemmy,Caution uses love, violence,and poetry mentation process; C.S. to subvert theControl of master computer Alpha 60. Westrorld (88 min.; color, 1973. Director: Michael Bruce 'and H1bis. .16 min,. color, 1977:Director: Crichton Distributor: Films Inc.) and its superior Mike Haller. Distributor: keliOs.Flying Studio.' sequel, Futureworld (104 min., colcir, 1976. Direc- suceesSful,loung professional's obsession with his tor: Richard T. Heffron. Distributor: Swank) present "Fmaterial possessions is contrasted Withscenes from a computer-operated Disneyland with lifelike robots his personal history (in, photos and home movies), on hand to satisfy human visitors' every need. 1,n the and modern AmeriCan cultural history...---N.C. fOrmer, the Westworld robots get their wires crossed and begin shooting faster than they're programmec4 But..What. If tthe Dreara Comea True, 52 MM., to. In, the latter film, two investigative reporterSun- color, 1971: PrOdUcer:"CBS1N. Distributor: Carou- cover a plan to replace, world leaders xisiting the sel. Films. etxpensive resort with identical androids. AU these A leisurely, introspective, disturbing documentary films share a concern for retainingour humanityin about the: ethics, moral values, a place of men, the face of increasingly complex and soPhistica4 WOmenk, and children among upper inc me, nouveau-..technology. B.C. riche WASPs in;the American MidwestAn expose of the current malaiSe ofshaving:everything and being Coins, 112 min., color, 1978. Director: Michael Completely .unful 'lled. 7-J.114. Crichton. Distributor: Films Inc. The Cave,10 min., color, 1974. DirectOr: Sam Weiss. Advanced hospital technOlogy is exploited to pro- Distributor: BoSuslow Productions. duce a black market in human bOdy parts untila young woman doctor gets wise. A graphic behind- Orson Welles narrates this animated rendering of the-scenes look at a modern bigLcity hospital pro- Plato's parable of how we are all forced to understand vides the background for an aboye-average thriller. new knowledgeeasily analogous, to the idealized B.C. process inherent in the so-called Scientific method of , :orderly ,inventiOn, 'including .the element of chance, .: useful. to initiate discussiOn of the 'nature of.human Future Shock, 42 min., cofor, 1972. Director: Alex responsibility for. understandMg natural laws,espe- Grasshoff. Distributor: McGraw-Hill Films. cially as they interact with 'new technologies. !--S. J. " Documents and provokeS questions about the link-

. . . . ages between rapid technological change through in- kcioekviork Oransi,-137 min., color, 1971. Direc- ventions and the reactions of humans, individually _.__IQL_StanIcy Kubrick_._Distrihutor+Swank_ and in -groups.-Vsefur to dramatize and stiMulate

The decadence 'of 'the near future is Met .with crude- . thinking about the necessity of inventors in all fields attemPts at behaviormodification in this provocative tO "stand upon eaCh Other's intellectuaishoulders" in film about a young, viOlent, amoral, bourgeois gang order to make progress toward their goals and thoSe

leader ', conditioned by . the .authorilieS,to reject sec.,. of society. Narrated by Orson Welles, from the book and violence. -p.C. by Alvin Toftier. Genetic*: Man the Creator, 18 min., eulor,1976. Noted economist E. F. Schumacher,one of the first to' Prodiicer: Hobel-Leiterrnan. Distributor:Document foresee the recent energy crisis, pointSout the enor- A ssoci ttvii. mous waste of energy resulting from our dependence The advances in genetie research and thequestion of on massive technology. .Nuclear power, he asserts, who is to decide how these advancesare tObe applied uses up far more energy to create and maintain than it to human genetics, beginning with a brief description will ever provide., ,Heurges developing Third World of how the science of genetics has allowedman to nations "c,.itering the 20th century"to employ an create sperm and egg banks and use artificial insemi- "intermediate" technology," makinggreater use of nation to' initiate\hunaan development.Also shows human and animal Labor, rather than fallfor the lure some oathe more aUyanced genetic experiments that of material benefits offered by modem, high-power are occurring today. 'Among these are the develop- teChnology. The importance 'ofSchumacher's con- mentof a calf in an,artificial womb, cloningof frogs; ceptS is blunted by the dull, unimaginativepresently- and the poSsibility of man-animal hybridsfor speeitic tion. B.C. tasks. After presenting some of themore emotional topics., shows a family with genetically The Paper Prison; Your GovernmentRecords, 56 defective chil- min., color, 1974; Director: Dick Roy dren and notes that genetic engineeringcan be used for ABC-TV News. Distributor: Macmillan Films. to prevent, many cases of deformed children. Adis, cussion starter On the ethics of greatertechnical ad-. Investigates tne /uses and abuses ofinformation vances in genetic engineering. C.S. amassed by goirnment agencieson U.S. citizens, .often without their knowledge. This filmwasinspired knotvkdge or Certainty, 52 min.., 061or, 1974.Pro- by a four-year studyby a U.S. congressionalsubcom- dueers: BBC-TV & Time Life Films. Distributor: mittee."and covers certain aspects of theinvasion Of Tithe Life Multimedia. an individual's right of privacy in the U.S. today. Scientist/philosopher Dr. Jacob Bronowski examines the perSonal dilemmas that confront today's scientists Terror: To Confront or Concede?, 55 min., color, when technology is.pitted against moral/ethicalis- 1975. Producer: BBC-TV. Distriputor: TimeLife sues. tie contrasts the possible benefits of harnessing' Multimedia. nuclear energy with the development Ofthe atomic , lximb. From the highly acclaimed teleVisionserieS Confronts the modern dilemma of whether to\"con- The .A.scent of Man. -;--C.A.L. front or concede" to the (eitortion) threats of terror- ist organizations. Question's whata government's Leisure,j14 min., color, 1976. Director:Bruce Petty position should be in order to savean innocent li\fe or for .Film'Australia. Distributor: PyramidFilms, lives. Includes clips from a Uruguayan revolutionary, r I f Slick animation Parallels (fromcave to -city), techno- propaganda film and still, photos and newsreel slips logical advancement with man's changing Conceptof . about terrorist activity in Germany, Sweden, lirel, leisuat.Ntite:that leisuie---= mit tecimologyis now and England. This film presents thecase for "inno- the biggest challenge for themasses, eSpecially,since cent victims of indiscriminate terror," whileat the work no longer takes up most ofout, waking hours. same time arguing againstthe total suspension of civil --J.T. rights in combating terrorism. Could be usedto relate a consideration of "controlling technology': to that Of :7 The. Other Way, 26 min color,1974...Producer: controlling (limiting) an individual's freedom into-

BBc-TV. Distributor: TimeLife Multiinedia.' day's society. --J.M, '-..

77 15 Assessing and DirectindTechnology

Before the Mountain Was Moved, 59 min., color. man will be able to regenerate severedlim14, ofon 1968. Director: Robert K. Sharpe. Distributor: Mc- the negative side, be able to produce biological weap- Graw-Hill Films. ons that couldiselectively wipe out a given race. Dr. Poor Appalachian. 'residents organize politicAlly in SuzUki advoCates the idea that the public should be order to appeal to the West Virginia legislattire to directly involved,in the deciiion-making process with pass a law controlling-the strip-mining which has regard to ge4.tie engineering, in order to minimize the possibility of mistising genetic information: damagsd their homes, endangered their lives, and 7 \despoiled their environment. A beautifully made and C.S. I Moving film which clearly demOnstrates thenegative The UvingFiter, 17 min., color, 1972. Director: Dr. effects .of uncontrolled induStrial development and William Sopr. Distributor: Hornbein-Wood 'also how Ordinary .cithenS can work within the legal system to protect their rights. N.C. Describes rearch being aone at Pennsylvania State University on the desirability of. recycling water wastes as fert lizers: Details thc spray system used to i Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man, 39 min., color, 1975. Director: Mimi Pickering: Distributor: Appal- spray the tre ted water onto test iSlots and a test section of Ian4l that has been strip-mined. This par- 1 shop Films., On the morning of February 26, .1972, a series of ticular method of fertilizing the strip-mined land Was the only methxl to produce regrowth of trees and three coal waste dams on Buffalo Creek in Logan shrubs. The flhis excellent for showing a single case County,f West Virginia, gave way. 124 people died; where more teChnology might be of benefit to society. 1,100 were injured; 4,000 were left hOmeless; prop- . .erty daMage was over $50,000,000. -This film indicts C.S. America's largest.independent coal company for pur- Thingi to Come, 92 mu, b&w, 1936. Director: Posefully obstruCting arid opposing the existing min- William Cameron Menzies. Distributor: Kit Parkei 'ing safety laws. Also exposes the dangers ,of indis- crintinate strip mining, and aims to mike the coal A group of scientists and techn-614ists leads the company andthe U:S..government face their respon, rebuilding of civilization after a barbarous 30-year sibility for greater ecological controls.i---LI.M.. world war. By 2036, they are ready to shoot a space Bulldozed Amerki, 25 ntin., b&w, 1965. Producer: capsule to the moon before an artist leads the people 4CBS-TV News. Distributor: Carousel Films. in a revolt against progress. Stunning glorification of technological growth is based on an H. G. Wells A hard-hitting, disconcerting, damning indictment of story. The final question posed is: "All the universe or what economic greed. development, and population nothing. Which shall it be?" B.C. growth are doing tope landscape of America. The examples and facts7are somewhat .dated, but the Where Did the Colorado Go?, 60 min., color, 1974. impact of the message is nOnetheless potent: a succes- Producer: WGBH-TV, Boston. Distributor: Time sion of vignettes shoWs how the countryside-haS been Life Multimedia. paved, polluted, gouged, as well as desecrated by The history of how water from the ColOrado has been rqad signs and abandoned autoS..J.M. used and hoiw the uses have affected the river. The film is Critical of the various water management tech- .E'yolsition by DNA: Changing the Bhieprint oftife, niqueS that have been applied to the river causing the 23 miti., color, .1976., Director: Roger Hagen. Dis-. river to "die". in a salt marsh in Mexico before it ever- tributor: DOCument.ASsociates. reaclies the ocean. The focus shifts to current.Man- 4,4documentary focusing on genetic research and its agement techniques and the water needs of the ptitents andeitfalls. Dr. Suzuki of the University of Southwest for the near future. The filM is good to British .Columbili'i7tplains the constrUction of a DNA initiate discussion about man's wisdom in applying string and how cells- differeitinte.and mutations may technology, -as opposed to the view that the advance be:created. He also conjectures on.'1.he-sppjication of of technology is laying waste the earth's resources. genetie research to human beings. PossiNy. one ,day C.S.

78 AdditionalResources jAiti,Joan', and Michael Stevenson. Health: A Multi- covering Science andMorals, The Morality ,! media SaitICe _GuicNew York: R. R. ":Boliiker.' Work and Sport, and theMorality of Business. *1976. ' . Oceans: Our ContinuingFrontier. New York: Buteau, JuneD, NontirizU Materials. on Communica- EFLA, 1976. Includes fihnson explorations and : lion.. MetUchen, Searecrow Press, 1976.: mineral resdUrces of thesea. Films and videotapes about communication. In- Martin,. Marie. Filmson the Future. Washington, . eludes 'Sections on themass media., educational D.C.: World FutureSociety, 1977. Topics include* technology, and informationsystems. Cities, Urban Planning,Communicationi, Trans- Dbugall, Lucy'. War. Peace. FilmGU:We. Rey. ed. portation,Environment, EnergyTechnology, Chicago: World Without. WarPublicatiOns, 1973. Business, and Industry. Lists shorts; docUnientaries; and features onwar:. Parish, Janies 'Robert,and Michael R. Pitts. The 'and peace. Wnh prograriiming suggestions. Great Science FictionPictures. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press; 1977. An ..'ducational Film LibraryAsSociation: American alphabetical annotated Is7. list. sites Forum: Film List, NewYork: EFLA 1975. Annotated of over 200 tihtiT Coveringthe Selz-Petrash, Ann, and KathrynWolff. AAAS Sci- American Issues Forumcalendar of nine Monthly ence Film Catalog. Washington, D.C..:American issues (36 weekly subtopics)that proVide a frame- Association for the Advancementof Science, 1975. work for the exploration Of matters Subject guide to science films. of common. Includes section on concern to all citizens. Inchides seetionson "Work- technology. Updated byquarterly Science Books & ing in 'America" .and "The'Business of America." Films. Suid, Lawrence H. Guts& Glory: drew AMerican --. Moral Owices in ContemporarySociety. New War Movies. Readink, Yei,EFLA, 1977. 'EFLA Mass.: Addisbn-Wesley, . service, supplement 1978. Diseusseswar features.

Distributors' Addresies ApPalshop Films, Box743, Whitesburg, KY,41858. Corinth Films, 410 East 62 Street,New York, NY ,Association Films, 866 thirdAvenue, New York, NY 10021. 10022. ( Document Associates, 211EaSt43Stre.et, New York, Audio Brandon Films. 34MacQuesten Parkway So., NY 10017. Mount Vernon. NY 10550. Encyclopaedia Britannica EducationalCorp., 425 N. 1 Best Films, P.O. Box 692,Del Mar, CA 92014. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 11,60611. Bosustow Productions, 1649 EleventhStreet, Santa Monica, CA90404. Film Images, 1034 Lake Street,Oak Park, IL 60301. Bowling ,tneen Films, Inc., Filmakers Library, 290 WestEnd Avenue, New Box 384; Hudson, NY oe 12534. York, NY 10023. Films for the Humaniti.es, P.O. California Newsreel,630 Natoma, San -Francisco, Box 2053, Princeton, CA 94103. NJ 08540. Films. Inc., 733 Green 'Carousel Films, Inc.', 1501Broadway, New York, N Bay Road,' Wilmette, 10036.. 60091. Castelli-Sonnabend, 420 West Broadway,New York, Stuart Finley, 3428 MansfieldRoad, Falls Church, NY 10012. i VA 22041. -The -Center -for DocumentaryMedia, Inc., 1290 -Focus International, 1 East 53Street,New, York,NY Madison Avenue, NewYork, NY 10028. 10022. Centron Films, 1621 West NinthStreet, Lawrence, Forbes Magazine; 60 FifthAvenue, New York, NY KS 66044. \ 10011, Attn:ytimothy Forbes. . Cine Information, P.O. BOx315, Franklin Lakes, NJ Christopher damboni, 29Cryttal Beach Boulevardi 07417. Moriches, NY 1 P41,55; 'Rh

79 fp Gokien.Film§, Stewart House, Windsor, Berks, Eng- National Film Board of Canada, 1251 Avenue of the

land. , Americas, 16th Floor, NeW York, NY,10020. Green Mountain Post Filins, P.O. Box .177,, Mon- New Diy Films, P.O. Box'31-5, Fra4lin Lakes NJ tague, MA01351. 07417. Handel Film Corp.;8030Sunset Bpulevaxd, West New Line Cinema, 853'13roadway,New4York, NY Hollywood, CA 90069. 10003. Helios, Flying Studio, 90 Tappan Landing Road, New York Telephbne Film Li4rary, e/o Association Tarrytown, NY 10591. Films, 866 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022. Victoria 'Hochberg. f*25 Alta Loma Terrace, Holly- New Yorker Films, 16 West 61 Street, New York, NY. wood, CA 90068.1 10023. Horbein-Wood Films, Bei 174, Lemont; PA 16851. Paramount Pictures Corp.; Non-Theatrical Division, 5451 Marathon Street, Hollywood, CA 90038. Hurlock Cine-World, 13 Arcadia Road,,Oldfreen- wich, 0687t1. Kit Parker Films, P.O. Box 227, Cannel Valley, CA 93924. linage Resources, P.O. Box 3154ranklin Lakes, NJ Penny Lane Films, 100 W. Indiistry ioUrt,. Qeer 07417. . Park, NY 11729. Images, 2 PurdY Avenue,. Rye, NY .10580. Perspective Films, 369.West Erie Street, Chicago, IL Indiana University, Audio-Visual Center, Bloonfing- 60610. ton, IN 47401. Phoenix Films, Inc., 470 Park Avenue South, New International Film Bureau Inc., 332 South Michigan york,NY 10016. Avenue, Chicago; IL 60604. Pictura Films, 111 Fighth Avemie, Room 900, New International Rehabilitation Film Review Library, 20 York', NY 10011.' . West 40 Street, NeW York,,NY 10018: Pyramid.Films, Box 1048, Santa Monica:CA 99406... Janus Films, 745 Fifth. Avenue, New York, NY Walter Reade 16, 241 F..ast 34 Street, New York, NY 10022. 10016. Journal Films, Inc., 930 Fr Avenue, Eyanston, IL Sterling Educational Films, 241 East 34 Street, New 60602: York, NY 10016: Learning. Corp. of America, 1350 Avenue of the Swank Motion Pictures; 201S. Jefferion Avenue, St. Americas,New York, NY 10019. Louis, MO 63166. Lucerne Films Inc., 7 Bahama Road, Morris Plains, . Third World Newsreel, 160 Fifth Avenue, ROom 911, NJ 07950. - . Nevi York, NY 10010. . , Macmillan Films% Inc., 34 MaCQuesten Parkway So., Time Life Multimedia, Time & Life Building, 1271 Mount Vernon, NY 10550. Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.. Malibu Films, P.O. Box 428, Malibu, CA 90265. Trainex Corp.,12601 Industiy Stzeet,. Garden Grove, Manteca Films. P.O. Box 315: Franklin Lakes, NJ CA 92641 07417. . United Artists/lf;, 729 Seventh /nue, New York, McGraw-Hill Films, 110 15fit Street, Del Mar, CA. NY 1.0019.

. 92014. niversa1/16, 445 Park Avenue., New York, Ny Modern, Talking Picture Service, 2323 New Hyde 10022. Park Roa14. New Hyde Park, NY 11040. i.Jniversity of California,ExtenSion Media Center, Aithur Mokin Productions, 17 West 60Street, New 2223 Fulton Street, Berkeley, CA 94720: Vork, NY 10 23. Viewfinders, P.O. Box 1665, Evanston; IL 60204. Milseum of M ern .Art. Dept. of. Film CircUlation, Gary A. Walkow, 8508 Appian Way; Las AngeleS, 11 West 53 Sueet, New York, NY 10019; CA 90046, . 4

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