Information Visualization: See Patterns, Gain Insights & Make Decisions
Ben Shneiderman [email protected] @benbendc
Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies - Psych, Socio, Poli Sci & MITH
(www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)
Design Issues
• Input devices & strategies • Keyboards, pointing devices, voice • Direct manipulation • Menus, forms, commands • Output devices & formats • Screens, windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics • Instructions, messages, help • Collaboration & Social Media www.awl.com/DTUI • Help, tutorials, training Fifth Edition: 2010 • Search • Visualization Information Visualization
• Visual bandwidth is enormous • Human perceptual skills are remarkable • Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... • Color, size, shape, proximity...
• Three challenges • Meaningful visual displays of massive data • Interaction: widgets & window coordination • Process models for discovery:
Leader in Info Visualization UVA CMU
UMinn PARC
UMD
GA Tech Business takes action
• General Dynamics buys MayaViz • Agilent buys GeneSpring • Google buys Gapminder • Oracle buys Hyperion • Microsoft buys Proclarity • InfoBuilders buys Advizor Solutions • SAP buys (Business Objects buys Xcelsius & Inxight & Crystal Reports ) • IBM buys (Cognos buys Celequest) & ILOG • TIBCO buys Spotfire
Spotfire: Retinols role in embryos & vision http://registration.spotfire.com/eval/default_edu.asp 10M - 100M pixels
Large displays for single or multiple users 100M-pixels & more 1M-pixels & less
Small mobile devices Information Visualization: Mantra
• Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand
Information Visualization: Data Types
. • 1-D Linear Document Lens, SeeSoft, Info Mural • 2-D Map GIS, ArcView, PageMaker, Medical imagery • 3-D World CAD, Medical, Molecules, Architecture
SciViz SciViz
• Multi-Var Spotfire, Tableau, GGobi, TableLens, ParCoords, • Temporal LifeLines, TimeSearcher, Palantir, DataMontage • Tree Cone/Cam/Hyperbolic, SpaceTree, Treemap • Network Pajek, JUNG, UCINet, SocialAction, NodeXL
InfoViz InfoViz
infosthetics.com flowingdata.com infovis.org www.infovis.net/index.php?lang=2 Anscombes Quartet
1 2 3 4 x y x y x y x y 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89 Anscombes Quartet
1 2 3 4 x y x y x y x y Property Value 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 Mean of x 9.0 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 Variance of x 11.0 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 Mean of y 7.5 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 Variance of y 4.12 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 Correlation 0.816 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 Linear regression y = 3 + 0.5x 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89 Anscombes Quartet Temporal Data: TimeSearcher 1.3
• Time series • Stocks • Weather • Genes • User-specified patterns • Rapid search
Temporal Data: TimeSearcher 2.0
• Long Time series (>10,000 time points) • Multiple variables • Controlled precision in match (Linear, offset, noise, amplitude)
LifeLines: Patient Histories
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/lifelines LifeLines2: Contrast+Creatine LifeLines2: Align-Rank-Filter & Summarize Treemap: Gene Ontology
+ Space filling + Space limited + Color coding + Size coding - Requires learning
(Shneiderman, ACM Trans. on Graphics, 1992 & 2003) www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap/ Treemap: Smartmoney MarketMap
www.smartmoney.com/marketmap Market falls steeply Feb 27, 2007, with one exception Market falls steeply Sept 22, 2011, some exceptions Market mixed, February 8, 2008 Energy & Technology up, Financial & Health Care down Market rises, September 1, 2010, Gold contrarians Market rises, March 21, 2011, Sprint declines Treemap: Newsmap (Marcos Weskamp)
newsmap.jp Treemap: Supply Chain
www.hivegroup.com Treemap: Spotfire Bond Portfolio Analysis
www.spotfire.com Treemap: NY Times – Car&Truck Sales
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap/ Treemap (Voronoi): NY Times - Inflation
www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/05/03/business/20080403_SPENDING_GRAPHIC.html
State-of-the-art network visualization Discovery Process: Systematic Yet Flexible
Preparation • Own the problem & define the schedule • Data cleaning & conditioning • Handle missing & uncertain data • Extract subsets & link to related information
SocialAction
• Integrates statistics & visualization
• 4 case studies, 4-8 weeks (journalist, bibliometrician, terrorist analyst, organizational analyst) • Identified desired features, gave strong positive feedback about benefits of integration
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/socialaction Perer & Shneiderman, CHI2008, IEEE CG&A 2009 Footprints of Human Activity
• Footprints in sand as Caesarea NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel
www.codeplex.com/nodexl NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel
www.codeplex.com/nodexl NodeXL: Import Dialogs
www.codeplex.com/nodexl Tweets at #WIN09 Conference: 2 groups WWW2010 Twitter Community WWW2011 Twitter Community: Grouped CHI2010 Twitter Community
www.codeplex.com/nodexl/ Flickr clusters for mouse
Computer Mickey
Animal Flickr networks GOP tweets, clustered (red-Republicans) Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL
I. Getting Started with Analyzing Social Media Networks 1. Introduction to Social Media and Social Networks 2. Social media: New Technologies of Collaboration 3. Social Network Analysis
II. NodeXL Tutorial: Learning by Doing 4. Layout, Visual Design & Labeling 5. Calculating & Visualizing Network Metrics 6. Preparing Data & Filtering 7. Clustering &Grouping
III Social Media Network Analysis Case Studies 8. Email 9. Threaded Networks 10. Twitter 11. Facebook 12. WWW 13. Flickr 14. YouTube 15. Wiki Networks
www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/723354/description Social Media Research Foundation
Researchers who want to - create open tools - generate & host open data - support open scholarship
Map, measure & understand social media
Support tool projects to collection, analyze & visualize social media data.
smrfoundation.org UN Millennium Development Goals
To be achieved by 2015 • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development 29th Annual Symposium May 23-24, 2012
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil
For More Information
• Visit the HCIL website for 400 papers & info on videos www.cs.umd.edu/hcil • Conferences & resources: www.infovis.org • See Chapter 14 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B. and Plaisant, C., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Fifth Edition (2010) www.awl.com/DTUI • Edited Collections: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B. (1999) Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think Bederson, B. and Shneiderman, B. (2003) The Craft of Information Visualization: Readings and Reflections For More Information
• Treemaps • HiveGroup: www.hivegroup.com • Smartmoney: www.smartmoney.com/marketmap • HCIL Treemap 4.0: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap • Spotfire: www.spotfire.com • TimeSearcher: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/timesearcher • NodeXL: nodexl.codeplex.com • Hierarchical Clustering Explorer: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/hce
• LifeLines2: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/lifelines2 • Similan: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/similan