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Acoustical Engineering
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Engineering is Out of This World! Acoustical Engineering NASA is developing a new rocket called the Space Launch System, or SLS. The SLS will be able to carry astronauts and materials, known as payloads. Acoustical engineers are helping to build the SLS. Sound is a vibration. A vibration is a rapid motion of an object back and forth. Hold a piece of paper up right in front of your lips. Talk or sing into the paper. What do you feel? What do you think is causing the vibration? If too much noise, or acoustical loading, is ! caused by air passing over the SLS rocket, the vehicle could be damaged by the vibration! NAME: (Continued from front) Typical Sound Levels in Decibels (dB) Experiment with the paper. 130 — Jet takeoff Does talking louder or softer change the vibration? 120 — Pain threshold 110 — Car horn 100 — Motorcycle Is the vibration affected by the pitch of your voice? (Hint: Pitch is how deep or 90 — Power lawn mower ! high the sound is.) 80 — Vacuum cleaner 70 — Street traffic —Working area on ISS (65 db) Change the angle of the paper. What 60 — Normal conversation happens? 50 — Rain 40 — Library noise Why do you think NASA hires acoustical 30 — Purring cat engineers? (Hint: Think about how loud 20 — Rustling leaves rockets are!) 10 — Breathing 0 — Hearing Threshold How do you think the noise on an airplane compares to the noise on a rocket? Hearing protection is recommended at ! 85 decibels. NASA is currently researching ways to reduce the noise made by airplanes. -
2014 Newsletter for the Robert Bradford Newman Student Award
NEWSLETTER 2014 OBERT RADFORD EWMAN RS T U D EB N T A W A R DN F U N D 2014 AT A GLANCE Yiying Hao Adam Lawrence Paul Faculty Advisor: Jian Kang Faculty Advisor: Bob Celmer December 31, 2014 completed another University of Sheffield University of Hartford successful year for the Newman Fund. “Effects of urban morphology on urban “Acoustic evaluation of Austen Arts Center, Newman Medals were awarded to 19 stu- sound environment from the perspective of Trinity College for Smith Edwards McCoy dents, bringing the total to 290 at more masking effects” Architects” than 58 schools of architecture, engineer- ing, music and music technology since the Robert Healey Zhao Ellen Peng program began in 1985. Of particular note Faculty Advisor: Bob Coffeen Faculty Advisor: Lily Wang is the increased participation from schools University of Kansas University of Nebraska – Lincoln and programs outside North America. “Investigations into the sound absorbing “How room acoustics impacts speech com- properties of gypsum wall board” prehension from talkers and by listeners Five student teams received Wenger priz- with varying English proficiency levels” es in 2014 for their meritorious design Christina Higgins work juried and displayed at the ASA Faculty Advisor: Stephen Dance Ariana F. Sharma Student Design Competition held at the London South Bank University Faculty Advisor: David T. Bradley 167th meeting of the Acoustical Society “An investigation into the Helmholz Vassar College in Providence, RI. There were sixteen total resonators of the Queen Elizabeth Hall, “Effect of installed diffusers on sound field entries submitted to the SDC from a num- London” diffusivity in a real-world classroom” ber of different universities. -
Control of Equilibrium Phases (M,T,S) in the Modified Aluminum Alloy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 44, No. 1 (2003) pp. 181 to 187 #2003 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Control of Equilibrium Phases (M,T,S) in the Modified Aluminum Alloy 7175 for Thick Forging Applications Seong Taek Lim1;*, Il Sang Eun2 and Soo Woo Nam1 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701,Korea 2Agency for Defence Development, P.O. Box 35-5, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Korea Microstructural evolutions, especially for the coarse equilibrium phases, M-, T- and S-phase, are investigated in the modified aluminum alloy 7175 during the primary processing of large ingot for thick forging applications. These phases are evolved depending on the constitutional effect, primarily the change of Zn:Mg ratio, and cooling rate following solutionizing. The formation of the S-phase (Al2CuMg) is effectively inhibited by higher Zn:Mg ratio rather than higher solutionizing temperature. The formation of M-phase (MgZn2) and T-phase (Al2Mg3Zn3)is closely related with both constitution of alloying elements and cooling rate. Slow cooling after homogenization promotes the coarse precipitation of the M- and T-phases, but becomes less effective as the Zn:Mg ratio increases. In any case, the alloy with higher Zn:Mg ratio is basically free of both T and S-phases. The stability of these phases is discussed in terms of ternary and quaternary phase diagrams. In addition, the modified alloy, Al–6Zn–2Mg–1.3%Cu, has greatly reduced quench sensitivity through homogeneous precipitation, which is uniquely applicable in 7175 thick forgings. -
![214 CHAPTER 5 [T, D]-DELETION in ENGLISH in English, a Coronal Stop](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/6032/214-chapter-5-t-d-deletion-in-english-in-english-a-coronal-stop-176032.webp)
214 CHAPTER 5 [T, D]-DELETION in ENGLISH in English, a Coronal Stop
CHAPTER 5 [t, d]-DELETION IN ENGLISH In English, a coronal stop that appears as last member of a word-final consonant cluster is subject to variable deletion – i.e. a word such as west can be pronounced as either [wEst] or [wEs]. Over the past thirty five years, this phenomenon has been studied in more detail than probably any other variable phonological phenomenon. Final [t, d]-deletion has been studied in dialects as diverse as the following: African American English (AAE) in New York City (Labov et al., 1968), in Detroit (Wolfram, 1969), and in Washington (Fasold, 1972), Standard American English in New York and Philadelphia (Guy, 1980), Chicano English in Los Angeles (Santa Ana, 1991), Tejano English in San Antonio (Bayley, 1995), Jamaican English in Kingston (Patrick, 1991) and Trinidadian English (Kang, 1 1994), etc.TP PT Two aspects that stand out from all these studies are (i) that this process is strongly grammatically conditioned, and (ii) that the grammatical factors that condition this process are the same from dialect to dialect. Because of these two facts [t, d]-deletion is particularly suited to a grammatical analysis. In this chapter I provide an analysis for this phenomenon within the rank-ordering model of EVAL. The factors that influence the likelihood of application of [t, d]-deletion can be classified into three broad categories: the following context (is the [t, d] followed by a consonant, vowel or pause), the preceding context (the phonological features of the consonant preceding the [t, d]), the grammatical status of the [t, d] (is it part of the root or 1 TP PT This phenomenon has also been studied in Dutch – see Schouten (1982, 1984) and Hinskens (1992, 1996). -
Tail Risk Premia and Return Predictability∗
Tail Risk Premia and Return Predictability∗ Tim Bollerslev,y Viktor Todorov,z and Lai Xu x First Version: May 9, 2014 This Version: February 18, 2015 Abstract The variance risk premium, defined as the difference between the actual and risk- neutral expectations of the forward aggregate market variation, helps predict future market returns. Relying on new essentially model-free estimation procedure, we show that much of this predictability may be attributed to time variation in the part of the variance risk premium associated with the special compensation demanded by investors for bearing jump tail risk, consistent with idea that market fears play an important role in understanding the return predictability. Keywords: Variance risk premium; time-varying jump tails; market sentiment and fears; return predictability. JEL classification: C13, C14, G10, G12. ∗The research was supported by a grant from the NSF to the NBER, and CREATES funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (Bollerslev). We are grateful to an anonymous referee for her/his very useful comments. We would also like to thank Caio Almeida, Reinhard Ellwanger and seminar participants at NYU Stern, the 2013 SETA Meetings in Seoul, South Korea, the 2013 Workshop on Financial Econometrics in Natal, Brazil, and the 2014 SCOR/IDEI conference on Extreme Events and Uncertainty in Insurance and Finance in Paris, France for their helpful comments and suggestions. yDepartment of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and NBER and CREATES; e-mail: [email protected]. zDepartment of Finance, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; e-mail: [email protected]. xDepartment of Finance, Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244- 2450; e-mail: [email protected]. -
Fact Sheet: Information and Communication Technology
Fact Sheet: Information and Communication Technology • Approximately one billion youth live in the world today. This means that approximately one person in five is between the age of 15 to 24 years; • The number of youth living in developing countries will grow by 2025, to 89.5%: • Therefore, it is a must to take youth issues into considerations in the ICT development agenda and ICT policies of each country. • For people who live in the 32 countries where broadband is least affordable – most of them UN-designated Least Developed Countries – a fixed broadband subscription costs over half the average monthly income. • For the majority of countries, over half the Internet users log on at least once a day. • There are more ICT users than ever before, with over five billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide, and more than two billion Internet users Information and communication technologies have become a significant factor in development, having a profound impact on the political, economic and social sectors of many countries. ICTs can be differentiated from more traditional communication means such as telephone, TV, and radio and are used for the creation, storage, use and exchange of information. ICTs enable real time communication amongst people, allowing them immediate access to new information. ICTs play an important role in enhancing dialogue and understanding amongst youth and between the generations. The proliferation of information and communication technologies presents both opportunities and challenges in terms of the social development and inclusion of youth. There is an increasing emphasis on using information and communication technologies in the context of global youth priorities, such as access to education, employment and poverty eradication. -
Smart Contracts for Machine-To-Machine Communication: Possibilities and Limitations
Smart Contracts for Machine-to-Machine Communication: Possibilities and Limitations Yuichi Hanada Luke Hsiao Philip Levis Stanford University Stanford University Stanford University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Blockchain technologies, such as smart contracts, present a unique interface for machine-to-machine communication that provides a secure, append-only record that can be shared without trust and without a central administrator. We study the possibilities and limitations of using smart contracts for machine-to-machine communication by designing, implementing, and evaluating AGasP, an application for automated gasoline purchases. We find that using smart contracts allows us to directly address the challenges of transparency, longevity, and Figure 1. A traditional IoT application that stores a user’s credit card trust in IoT applications. However, real-world applications using information and is installed in a smart vehicle and smart gasoline pump. smart contracts must address their important trade-offs, such Before refueling, the vehicle and pump communicate directly using short-range as performance, privacy, and the challenge of ensuring they are wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, to identify the vehicle and pump written correctly. involved in the transaction. Then, the credit card stored by the cloud service Index Terms—Internet of Things, IoT, Machine-to-Machine is charged after the user refuels. Note that each piece of the application is Communication, Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Ethereum controlled by a single entity. I. INTRODUCTION centralized entity manages application state and communication protocols—they cannot function without the cloud services of The Internet of Things (IoT) refers broadly to interconnected their vendors [11], [12]. -
Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines
Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines D. KYLE LATINIS THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS represent an important area for research of problems concerning prehistoric archaeology in Southeast Asia. These insular areas, located east of the biogeographic boundary known as Huxley's line, include a variety of tropical environments. These islands remained detached from the continental portion of Southeast Asia throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Archaeolog ical research has documented human occupation and adaptation from at least the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene within these islands. Unfortunately, relatively little intensive prehistoric archaeological research has been undertaken in the Philippines compared to some areas in mainland South east Asia, Oceania, and Australia. Warren Peterson's dissertation (1974) focused on a series of sites in northern Luzon and represents one of the foundation stud ies in the Philippines for modern archaeology. Peterson's work has often been cited and his conclusions used for the development of models concerning prehis tory in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. Peterson's research was conducted during a period when behavioral reconstruc tions from site assemblage analyses were prominent in archaeological research. Specifically, Peterson attempted behavioral reconstruction from the analysis of stone tools from the Busibus/Pintu site in northern Luzon, Philippines. A reanal ysis of the entire Busibus/Pintu lithic assemblage has revealed problems with Peterson's initial analysis and interpretation of this site-problems that will be addressed in this paper. Lithic technology, stone tool manufacture, and selection and reduction strategies will also be explored. Finally, new interpretations of the nature of the lithic assemblage and site activities at Busibus/Pintu rock shelter will be provided. -
Improving Plastics Management: Trends, Policy Responses, and the Role of International Co-Operation and Trade
Improving Plastics Management: Trends, policy responses, and the role of international co-operation and trade POLICY PERSPECTIVES OECD ENVIRONMENT POLICY PAPER NO. 12 OECD . 3 This Policy Paper comprises the Background Report prepared by the OECD for the G7 Environment, Energy and Oceans Ministers. It provides an overview of current plastics production and use, the environmental impacts that this is generating and identifies the reasons for currently low plastics recycling rates, as well as what can be done about it. Disclaimers This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. For Israel, change is measured between 1997-99 and 2009-11. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Copyright You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. -
Handbook of Hydraulic Engineering Problems
Please site OMICS www.esciencecentral.org/ebookslogo here. HANDBOOK OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING Cutoff Time PROBLEMS Mohammad Valipour Seyyed Morteza Mousavi Reza Valipor Ehsan Rezaei eBooks Handbook of Hydraulic Engineering Problems Edited by: Mohammad Valipour Published Date: June 2014 Published by OMICS Group eBooks 731 Gull Ave, Foster City. CA 94404, USA Copyright © 2014 OMICS Group This eBook is an Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, users who aim to disseminate and distribute copies of this book as a whole must not seek monetary compensation for such service (excluded OMICS Group representatives and agreed collaborations). After this work has been published by OMICS Group, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice: Statements and opinions expressed in the book are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. A free online edition of this book is available at www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders @ www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks eBooks Preface In near future, energy become a luxury item and water is considered as the most vital item in the world due to reduction of water resources in most regions. -
Hydraulic Theory and Hydraulic Engineering Projects of the Wusong River (吳淞江) Basin Between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Centuries*
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.20 No.1, Feb. 2015) 47 Hydraulic Theory and Hydraulic Engineering Projects of the Wusong River (吳淞江) Basin Between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Centuries* Chung Chulwoong** Introduction There are a number of diverse research topics and an abundance of research concerning the Jiangnan region, which saw rapid economic growth compared to other areas since the Song Dynasty. Such plentiful research is gradually expanding into a discourse on examining the meaning of economic development and transformation in the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yet on the other hand, there are efforts to look to the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties to find the driving force for China’s rapid economic development today. 1 This shows that the significance of economic * This work was supported by the 2013 Research Fund of Myongji University. ** Professor, Department of History, Myongji University 1 Regarding the two different positions concerning the economic growth of the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, refer to Philip C. C. Huang, The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988 (California: Stanford University Press 1990); Li Bozhong (李伯重). Agricultural Development in Jiangnan, 1620-1850 (New York: St. Martin’s Press 1998); Chung Chulwoong, Chungkuk Kŭndae Kyŏngjye ae daehan Jeopkŭn Pangpup” (An approach to the economic development in modern China - Focusing on the research by Philip C. C. Huang) Yǒksahakpo (Journal of Historical Studies) 151, 48 Hydraulic Theory and Hydraulic Engineering Projects of the Wusong River ~ transformation that took place in the Jiangnan region since the Song Dynasty to this day can be translated into many different ways, and there is a lot of information to be reconsidered and reexamined. -
View of Examinations
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE ARCHIVES DIVISION BEV CLARNO STEPHANIE CLARK SECRETARY OF STATE DIRECTOR A. RICHARD VIAL 800 SUMMER STREET NE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE SALEM, OR 97310 503-373-0701 NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING INCLUDING STATEMENT OF NEED & FISCAL IMPACT FILED 10/07/2019 2:19 PM CHAPTER 820 ARCHIVES DIVISION BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR ENGINEERING AND LAND SURVEYING SECRETARY OF STATE FILING CAPTION: Amend rule related to the administration of the Oregon Specific Acoustical Examination LAST DAY AND TIME TO OFFER COMMENT TO AGENCY: 11/21/2019 5:00 PM The Agency requests public comment on whether other options should be considered for achieving the rule's substantive goals while reducing negative economic impact of the rule on business. A public rulemaking hearing may be requested in writing by 10 or more people, or by a group with 10 or more members, within 21 days following the publication of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in the Oregon Bulletin or 28 days from the date the Notice was sent to people on the agency mailing list, whichever is later. If sufficient hearing requests are received, the notice of the date and time of the rulemaking hearing must be published in the Oregon Bulletin at least 14 days before the hearing. CONTACT: Jenn Gilbert 670 Hawthorne Avenue, SE Filed By: 503-934-2107 Salem,OR 97301 Jenn Gilbert [email protected] Rules Coordinator NEED FOR THE RULE(S): To remove the Acoustical Engineering examination from those administered by the Board. The Board does not have an approved examination to test qualifications for licensure specifically to the the Acoustical branch.