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A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Superfamily Platanistoidea

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A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Superfamily Platanistoidea ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Paläontologie Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 30 Autor(en)/Author(s): Barnes Lawrence G. Artikel/Article: A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Superfamily Platanistoidea (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti) 25-42 ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien Beitr. Paläont., 30:25-42, Wien 2006 A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Superfamily Platanistoidea (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti) by Lawrence G. B arnes *} Barnes , L.G., 2006. A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Superfamily Platanistoidea (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti). — Beitr. Palaont., 30:25-42, Wien. Abstract phinidae have primitive cranial characters, and their long rostra and mandibles appear to have evolved convergently The family Platanistidae includes fossil and Recent dol­ with the Pomatodelphininae. phin-like toothed cetaceans. Living platanistids of the genus Platanista Wagler , 1830, called Ganges and Indus Keywords: Cetacea, Platanistoidea, Platanistidae, Poma­ River dolphins, or susus, live in fresh waters of southeast todelphininae, Platanistinae, Allodelphinidae, systematics, Asia. Fossil platanistids are known only from Miocene Korneuburg Basin, Austria, Miocene near shore marine and fresh water deposits in the North­ ern Hemisphere. The most primitive named platanistid is Prepomatodelphis korneuburgensis Barnes , 2002, a long­ Zusammenfassung snouted species of latest Early Miocene age (Karpatian age, late Burdigalian correlative) from the Korneuburg Die Familie der Platanistidae umfaßt die fossilen und re­ Formation, in the Korneuburg Basin, which was an estuary zenten Vertreter delphinähnlich bezahnter Wale. Rezente of the ancient Vienna Basin, Austria. The morphology of P. Vertreter des Genus Platanista Wagler , 1830, die sog. korneuburgensis helps determine character polarity among Ganges- und Indus-Delphine, auch susus genannt, leben im the Platanistidae and related cetaceans in the superfamily Süßwasser Südost-Asiens. Fossile Platanistiden kennt man Platanistoidea. A cladistic analysis of fossil and living nur aus dem Miozän in Küsten- und Süßwassersedimenten Platanistoidea supports theories of monophyly of the super­ der nördlichen Hemisphäre. Der älteste bekannte Platanis- family Platanistoidea and of the family Platanistidae. Two tide ist Prepomatodelphis korneuburgensis Barnes , 2002, subfamilies of the Platanistidae are the Pomatodelphininae eine langschnauzige Art aus dem obersten Untermiozän and Platanistinae. The Pomatodelphininae includes species (Karpat, entspricht dem oberen Burdigal) aus der Komeu- of the genera Prepomatodelphis Barnes , 2002, Zarhachis burg Formation des Korneuburger Beckens, einem Ästuar Cope , 1868 (Middle Miocene of Maryland), and Pomato- des ehemaligen Wiener Beckens in Österreich. Die Mor­ delphis A llen , 1921 (Middle and Late Miocene of France, phologie von P. korneuburgensis hilft bei der Bestimmung Florida, and Alabama), all of which have a dorsoventrally der Polarität der Merkmale innerhalb der Platanistidae und flattened rostrum and symphyseal portion of the mandible. verwandter Wale der Überfamilie Platanistoidea. Eine cla- The Platanistinae includes platanistids with an anteropos- distische Analyse der fossilen und lebenden Platanistoidea teriorly lengthened zygomatic process of the squamosal, unterstützt die Hypothese der Monophylie der Platanistoidea transversely flattened rostrum and symphyseal portion of und Platanistidae. Man unterscheidet innerhalb der Platanis­ the mandible, and an enlarged supraorbital maxillary crest tidae zwei Unterfamilien: die Pomatodelphininae und die that is invaded by the pterygoid air sinus. An apparent Platanistinae. Die Pomatodelphininae umfassen die Genera platanistine occurs in the Early Miocene Nye Formation Prepomatodelphis Barnes , 2002, Zarhachis Cope , 1868 in Oregon, U.S.A. A new extinct odontocete family, the (Mittelmiozän von Maryland), and Pomatodelphis A llen , Allodelphinidae, includes long-snouted stem platanistoids 1921 (Mittel- und Obermiozän von Frankreich, Florida und of the genus Allodelphis W ilson , 1935, and some related Alabama). Die Pomatodelphininae haben ein dorsoventral Miocene species in the North Pacific realm. The Allodel- abgeflachtes Rostrum und eine ebensolche Symphysenregi­ on der Mandibula. Die Platanistinae haben eine anteriopos- terior verlängerten Processus zygomaticus am Squamosum, Dr. Lawrence G. Barnes , Curator of Vertebrate Pale­ ein seitlich abgeplattetes Rostrum und Symphysenregion der ontology, Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Mandibula sowie eine vergrößerte, supraorbital gelegene Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Crista am Maxillare, die eine Sinusbildung enthält. Ein Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, 90007, augenscheinlicher Platanistine kommt in der untermiozänen U.S.A. Nye Formation in Oregon (U.S.A.) auf. Eine neue, ebenfalls ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien 26 Beitr. Paläont., 30, Wien, 2006 ausgestorbene Familie der Zahnwale, die Allodelphinidae, ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, umfaßt langschnauzige basale Platanistoiden der Gattung U.S.A. Allodelphis W ilson , 1935 und einige verwandte miozäne CAS Division of Birds and Mammals, California Academy of Arten aus dem nordpazifischen Raum. Die Allodelphinidae Sciences, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. haben primitive Schädelmerkmale, ihre langen Rostren ChM Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. und Mandiblen dürften sich wohl konvergent zu denen der LACM Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Pomatodelphininae entwickelt haben. Angeles, California, U.S.A. MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U. S. A. 1. Introduction NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria. UCMP Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Among the Odontoceti, or echolocating toothed whales, Berkeley, California, U. S. A. species of the superfamily Platanistoidea constitute an UMMP Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann early adaptive radiation that flourished, then subsequently Arbor, Michigan, U. S. A. declined and was replaced by other odontocete groups. USNM Departments of Paleobiology and Mammalogy, United The superfamily, first established by Simpson (1945), has a States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian complex history in cetacean taxonomic studies. In several Institution, Washington, D.C., U. S. A. previous classifications (e.g. Simpson , 1945), it included YPM Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, Connec­ other so-called “river dolphins” of the families Iniidae, ticut, U. S. A. Lipotidae, or Pontoporiidae, animals that are now gener­ ally classified in other superfamilies (M cK enna & B ell, 1997:386-387). 2.2. Specimens and resources consulted The current concept of the superfamily Platanistoidea has become dramatically altered (M uizon , 1985, 1987, 1990, Zygorhiza kochii (R eichenbach , 1847). A referred speci­ 1994; Fordyce , 1994) with the inclusion of the Late Oli- men, USNM 11962, from the Late Eocene age Jackson gocene to Middle Miocene ’’shark-toothed” whales of the Group in Alabama, U.S.A., was supplemented by text and family Squalodontidae (M uizon , 1994; Fordyce , 1994), illustrations that were provided by K ellogg (1936). of archaic Late Oligocene dolphin-like members of the Agorophius pygmaeus (M üller , 1849). The holotype family Waipatiidae (F ordyce , 1994), of more derived partial cranium was probably derived from the Late Miocene dolphin-like species of the family Squalodel- Oligocene age Cooper Marl near Charleston, South Caro­ phinidae (M uizon , 1987; Fordyce , 1994), and with a lina, U.S.A., and is now lost or misplaced (W hitmore & more restricted use of the family Platanistidae (Fordyce , Sanders , 1977: 308-309). Characters for this species were 1994; Barnes , 2002). Today only the family Platanistidae determined from text and illustrations that were provided survives, represented by relict fresh water dolphins of the by True (1907), W hitmore & Sanders (1977:308-309, genus Platanista Wagler , 1830. fig. lb), Fordyce (1981), and M uizon (1994: fig. 5d), and The long-snouted fossil dolphin, Prepomatodelphis kor- from a more recently-obtained cranium (ChM specimen, neuburgensis Barnes , 2002, is the earliest-occurring and replica LACM 143475) of Late Oligocene age from South most primitive recognized platanistid. It is known only by Carolina, U.S.A., that appears to represent this species. its holotype, from the latest Early Miocene age (Karpatian Allodelphis pratti W ilson , 1935. The holotype, YPM stage, late Burdigalian correlative) marine Korneuburg 13408 (Figs. 1-3 herein), includes the cranium (lacking the Formation of the Korneuburg Basin, Austria. The Ko­ rostrum), with broken parts of the right dentary adhering rneuburg Basin was a small estuary that was connected to both the dorsal and ventral sides of the right supraorbital in Miocene time to the larger Vienna Basin. process, the right petrosal (which has been removed from The purpose of this paper is to provide a phylogenetic the cranium), and the atlas vertebra (which still adheres to analysis of the Platanistoidea. A poorly known earliest the occipital condyles). A right humerus was incorrectly Miocene odontocete from central California, U.S.A., Al- catalogued with this specimen, but is from
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