M~DICAMENTSET ALIMENTS :L >APPROCHEETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE M 215

Ethnopharmacology of (SE )

RIVERA NiTr”JEZ D., OB6N DE CASTRO C. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Biologia Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-3007 1-Murcia, EspaÎia

RÉSUMÉ Ce travail présente les plantes médicinales de larégion de Murcia (Sud-Est de l’Espagne) et leurs usages thérapeutiques.Deux listes, les espèces avec les noms scientifiques, les noms vernaculaires et les indications dans la thérapeutique populaire de cette région sont jointes ;la première liste couvre la flore locale, sauvage ou cultivée, et ladeuxième les plantes importées.

INTRODUCTION of irrigated fields. In both areas the inhabitants were almost This chapter is a sequel to the monographs Plantas deprived of regular medical care until relatively recent times. Treatment was provided, and the gap filled, by the native Medicinales de Nuestra Region (OB6N and RIVERA,1991) and Introduccidn al Mundo de las Plantas Medicixales en healers called “curandero” or by the housewives theirselves. Murcia (RIVERA, OBdN, CANO and ROBLEDO, 19941, Three cultures, three religions and presumably three kindsof which compiled the scattered published information available medicine met in Murcia duringthe Middle Ages. Murcian folk about traditional uses of medicinal found in Murcia, beliefs and medicinal practices retain many elementsof Latin, and the works carried out by ourselves and manyof Our stu- Moorish and Jewish medical traditions. Untangling different dents in the Ethnobotany laboratoryat Murcia University since cultural contributionsto modem folk medicineis difficult, but 1982 (Fig. 1, and Tab. 1). Field trips and open-ended inter- the task of comparing the availabledata is worth to gaining a views with herbalists, healers, shepherds and housewives betterwere understandingof Western Mediterraneanfolk medicine. carried out on and off from 1983 to this current year. The Epidemics were relatively fiequent in the Middle (m-XIV Ages Herbarium MUB (Murcia University) contains voucher speci-centuries), and cities like Murcia recurredto a large numberof mens of the taxa cited in Table2 and samples of plants cited jew physicians and practitioners for these dramatic moments in Tables 2 and3 are kept at the Ethnobotany laboratory. (TORRES et al., 1981). Jew medical masters (VIDAL Murcia is an areaof great cultural and biological diversity. Situ-~E~~,~~~~~,~S~BENO~~, ated at the borderof the Mediterranean sea the in southeastern HAYM ABEAEX, DAVID DAMASTO, etc.) took care of the corner of the ,in Western Europe,this region health in the locality as municipal doctors. Some ofwomen jew is home to an ancient blendof cultures and ethnic groups. Eco-origin practised also the medicine (TORRESet al., 1980; 1981). systems varyfrom dry Mediterranean scrubsto evergreen oak Moorish medical practitioners were fiequentin the Catholic Spain forest. The average annual precipitation most of which falls of the XVI century but very often they were prosecutedby the between the months of October and April, vary from200 to inquisition tribunals under the chargeof whitchcraft (GARCf.4 600 mm. Severe drought is a recurrent phenomen which en- BALLESTER, 1984). tails dramatic shortagesof the agricultural products. Compli- The Murcian can choosefrom among several alternative medi- cated irrigation systems have been developpedin the cal systems and practitioners. Modem medicineis administered river bassinin order to assure a regular crop everyyear. by licenced physicians through government clinics (ambulato- rios), which are widely dispersed temtory,in the and hospitals. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND FOR Private doctors also are available.The pharmacists provide their TRADITIONAL MEDICINEIN MURCIA clients with medical advice conceming common ailments. Herb The use of plants for medicinal purposes in Murcia dates back stores (herboristerias) whose propietors lack very of often for- to the Prehistoric times. In this remote arid area of Europe mal pharmacological training provide also their clients with people lived in communities far away from each other in the medical advice. Curanderosare relatively common amongthe badland regions, known as “el campo” or close together in medical practitioners of this region and neighbouring zones the Segurariver bassin, the “huerta” zone, which was covered(SEIJO, 1974). Curanderos residein the outskirtsof the larger

Actes du 2e Colloque Européen d‘Ethnopharmacologieet de la IleConférence internationale d‘Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg,2.4-27 mars 1993. M~DICAMENTSET ALIMEhTS :L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARnfACOLOGIQUE

towns or in little villages, and recently someof them do adver- Fig. 1 tise thek practices in the local newspapers.The condition of Map of research sites on Mur& region curandero was object of strict rules underthe traditional sys- (for explanation of mumbers, see Table 1) tem, butit was alsoa way for oportunists andfakers. This fact makes extremely difficult rendering a realistic, pictureof the relevance of herbal remediesin the highly variable and obscure curanderos' practices. Magic, astrologic and other strange resources were locallyem- ployed in medicine but also repeatedly forbiddenthe authori- by ties (TOREU3 et aZ., 1980). Fascinationis a relatively common place in S. Spain, it has specific practitioners whose formules and prayersarerelatively secret(FLEMh, 1987; SELTO, 1974). Adults over sixty, living in the. country have nowadays some knowledge of remedies forcommon ailrnents. Housewives are specialized inthe ailments of the household, and shephersusu- ally furnished veterinary care for their cattle. Recent develop- ment in rural societies andimmigration intothe big citiesofmost of the population have led toa generalized lost of herbal lore. Most of Our information hence was gathered arnongthe last rem- nants ofthis rural culture of Spain, and in part corresponded with obsolete practices only reminded by the interviewed persons.

In Murcia plants were traditionally prescribed and used for generations. These prescriptions and uses merged the mille- nary traditions with external recent influences. Every time The fiist Murcian medicinal lnowmto the sciencewas a the local folk pharmacopea reflected the conflict between his- lcind ofwild cumrnin (presurnablyDistychoselinm tenu$olium) torical background and fashionable new medicinal uses and cited by Dioscorides inthe 1st centuryAT9 (LECLERC, 1883). introduced species. Epidemies determined reviewed experiences with local and ex-

Table 1 Main research sites on Murcia region (S-E Spain) and references

LocalitJl References

~ ~ 1. Caracena (1988) 2. FernBndez (1993) 3. Cartagena Alcazar, Garcia,Rivera and Ob6n (1990): Garcia and Alcazar(1987); Quevedo (1987): Ferrirndiz(1974) 4. Cehegin Martinez and Mpez (1990); Garcia (1993); Ibern6n (1991): SBnchez Hernhdez (1994); Rueda and Ibem6n (1987) 5. Cieza Carrillo and Martiiiez(1993): Ibhez and Bonmati [ 1993); Garcia Aroca (1992) 6. Fortuna CarrWlot (1990); Jimenez and Peiïaranda(1992) 7. Jiménez (1991 ) 8. Mazarr6n De Alvaro (1989) 9. Molina de Seruga L6pez Verdfi (1990) 10. Moratalla G6mez (1992); §&chez (1992): Rueda and Ibern6n(1987) 11. Mula Rodrigue2 Zapata(1988) 12. Murcia Garcia andBotias (1987); CanoJ. (1990); Garciaand Alch(1987); Martinez and Jumilla (1987);Pinch Ruiz and Salinas (1992) 13. Guirao (1987) 14. L6pez Cano(1994) 15. §an Javier Carcia Fernilndez (1992) 16. CAnovas, Maainez and Pelegrh (1 994) 17. Sierra de Enmedio L6pez §Anchez (1984) 18. Sierra Espufia Aguila (1988); &vwez, Asencio andSaez (1989) 19. Barredo, PérezandTornem (1991): Ortuiio (1987)

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Table 2 Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plantspecies of the Murcia Region andtheir local indications

FAMILY recorded Uses namesCommon Svecies FERNS ADIAN'IACEE Adiantum capillus veneris L. culandrillo, culantrillo, culantrillo de - antitussive, analgesic pozo, falsia, helecho, zancamorenilla ASPLENIACEE Aspleniunl trichomanes L. culantrillo chic0 - digestive Ceterach ofSicinarum Willd. doradilla - antipyretic, diuretic, depurative EQUISETACEE Equisetum awense L. cola de caballo - diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. cola de caballo, cola de caballo fina - diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. cola de caballo, cola de caballo basta - diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic POLYPODIACEE Polypodium canzbricumsubsp. L. helecho, polipodio - laxative, purgative, antitussive serrulatum (F.W. Schulz ex Arcangeli) Pichi Sermolli CONIFERS CTJPRESSACEE Cupressus sempewirens L. aciprés, arciprCs, ciprés - deodorant, antihemorrhoidal Juniperus communisL. subsp. enebro, nebro, nebro hembra, - antiseptic, antidiabetic hemisphearica (K. Presl) Nyman nebro macho Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus enebro, enebro de miera, nebro, nieblo - analgesic, antiseptic, diuretic, purgative Junipenls phœnicea L. subsp. phœnicea sabina, sabina macho - antiseptic, anthelmintic EPHEDRACEJE Ephedrafrngilis Desf. arnacho, brea, canaillo, canaillo real, - analgesic, antitussive carnaillo PINACEE Abies pinsapoBoiss. (cultivated) abeto, pinsapo - dermatologic Pinus halepensis Miller carrasqueiio, pino, pino carrasco, pino - dermatologic, antiseptic, antitussive, carrasqueiio, pino rojo analgesic, antiodontalgic Pinus pinaster Ait. pino, pino negral, pino pinagral, pino - antiseptic roenno, pino ruezno ANGIOSPERMS AGAVACELE Agave americana L. acibara, alcibara, alcimara, alzabara, - laxative, antiseptic, dermatologic, alzavara, arzabara,azabara, cimara, vulnerary cimbara, pita, pitera ANACARDIACEE Pistacia lentiscus L. lantisco, lentisco - antiodontalgic, appetizer, astringent Pistacia terebinthus L. cornicabra - astringent, antiodontalgic Schinus molle L. $bol dela falsa pimienta, falsa - sedative, choleretic pimienta, llorh, pimentera APOCYNACEE Nerium oleander L. adelfa, baladre, mavaldra - poisonous, dermatologic, antiseptic, antiodontalgic

Actes du 2eColloque Européen d'Ethnophmacologie et de la 1le Conférence internationale d'Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg,24-27 mars 1993. 218 I M~DICAMENTSET ALIMENTS :L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE

Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY Gomafom mames Uses reeorded Species AQUTFOLIACEE Ilex aquifoliumL. acebo - astringent ARALUCEE Hedera canariensis Willd. yedra - hair dye and restorer Hedera helix L. hiedra, hiedra terrestre, hiedra - poisonous, dermatologie, purgative trepadora, yedra ASTEMCEW (COMPOSITW) Achillea ageraFum L. hierba miaera, yerba miaera - antipyretic, diuretic Achillea odorata L. manzanilla real - vulnerary Andryala aghardii Haneseler ex DC. oreja de liebre peluda - haemostatic Artemisia arborescens L. ajenjo, doncel, rnanzanillbn, - stomachic, dermatologic, ophthalmic, rnatapestosa, pino doncel, pino antipruriginous sarampibn Artemisia barrelieri Besser boja, boja negra, boja reina, - stomachic manzanillbn, matapestosa Artemisia cainpestris L. subsp. boja negra - analgesic glutinosa (Gay ex Bess.) Batt. Artemisia Iucentica O. Bolbs, J. Vallés boja - anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and J. Vigo Artemisia herbaalba Asso abr6tano macho, boja, boja antina, - analgesic, hair restorer, insecticides subsp. valentina (Lam.)Maselans boja blanca, boja borde, boja para la yesca, boja yesquera Artemisia verlotioncm Lamotte altamisa, artemisia - abortifacient Artemisia vulgaris L. altarnisa - abortifacient Bidens aureaL. mata de té, viuda - stomachic Calendula amensis L. araiias, rnadreoveja,margaritera, mata - emenagogue de las uiias, peo de fraile, ufia de gato Calendula ofSicinalis L. calendula, rnargarita, margarita naranja - analgesic, ophthalmic, dermatologie Carthamus lanatusL. cardo santo, cardo setero, panicardo - anti-inflammatory, insecticide, dermatologie Centaur-eu aspera L. caiialadro, caiialobo, frasera, pefialao, - astringent, depurative, antidiabetic, pefiarao, quebrarao, quebrantarados, vulnerary, dermatologie quiebralao, quiebrarao, solosiste Centaurea calcitrapa L. abreojos, cardo maneaperros, - dermatologie, antidiabetic mmncaperros, peiiiiarao, pestaiia de vieja Chanzœelnelum nobile (L.) All. manzanilla - stomachic var. nobile Charnomilla matricaria L. manzanilla, manzanilla dulce - tranquillizer, stomachic, depurative, antihalitosic, analgesic, ophthalmic, antiseptic, dermatologie Chiliadenus glutirlosus (L.) Fourr. Acnica,Anica, annica, fimica, Arnica - antipyretic. digestive, appetizer, basta, Asnica,Atnica, Bznica, hAxnica, anti-inflammatory, depurative, te de monte, té de roea stomachic, strengthener, vulnerary Chrysanthemunt coronariumL. margarita borde. margarita de campo, - haemostatic, antihemorrhoidal mojigata, mojigato, ojo de buey Cichorium intybusL. ackicoria, camarroja, camarrojo - appetizer,antirheumatic, antipyretic, cholagogue

Actes du 2eColloque Europien d’Ethnopl1macologieet de la 11‘ Confkrence internationale. d‘EthnomCdecine, Heidelberg,24-27 mars 1993. M~DICAMENTSET ALIMENTS :L;~PPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I 219

Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list ofmedicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region andtheir local indications

C omm on names Uses recorded FAMILYUses names Common Species Cynara scolymus L. alcacil, alcachofa, alcancil, arcacil, - depurative, tonic for circulatory (whole plant) alcacilera, alcancilera, system cardo alcacilero, (leaves) cardo Helianthus annuus L. girasol, mirasol, (ripe flowerhead) - laxative corona Helichrqsum decumbens (Lag.) siempreviva - tonic, vulnerary, anti-odontalgic Cambess. Helichrysum italicum (Roth.) siempreviva - vulnerary, analgesic, anti-odontalgic, G. Don f. subsp. serotinum (Boiss.) astringent, antiemetic, dermatologic, P. Fourn. tonic Heliclzrysum stoechas (L.) amaranto, boja, boja ramblera, humera, - vulnerary, anti-odontalgic, antitussive, Moench manzanilla de monte, manzanillbn, anthelmintic siempreviva, (inflorescences) capotas Hieracium pilosella L. vellosilla - astringent Znula viscosa (L.) Ait. anica, Arnica, gtnica, mata mosquera, - vulnerary, antidiabetic, stomachic mosquera Luctuca sativa L. var. sativa lechuba, lechuga, lechugas largas - soporific Leuzea conifera (L.) DC. alcacilicos, cardo del dolor de cabeza, - analgesic, diuretic, stomachic cardo santo, cuchara de pastor, piiïa, (inflorescences)capota Onopordum nzacracanthum Schousb. cardo, cardo borriquero - dermatologic, vulnerary Sarztolina chamœcyparissus L. brochera, manzanilla amarga, - stomachic, slimming, antiemetic, subsp. squarrosa (DC.) Nymam manzanilla de campo anthelmintic, anti-infective vaginal preparations Santolina microcephala Jordan manzanilla amarga, manzanilla borde - anti-infective for sore throat, stomachic Santolina pectinata Lag. brochera - undetermined medicinal uses Santolina viscosa Lag. abrotano macho - hair restorer Senecio malacitanus Huter in Gesterr. romerillo - digestive Senecio vulgaris L. hierba cana, margarita borde - antianemic, antipyretic Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. alcachofera, cardo borriquero, cardo - cholagogue, dermatologic grande, cardo mariano, toba Sonchus asper L. cerrajbn, cerraj6n fino, diente de lebn - claimed to protect the liver Sonchus tenerrimus L. lizones - vulnerary Taraxacum obovatum (Willd.) DC. diente de lebn, hierba blanda - diuretic, claimed to protect the liver, laxative, dermatologic, depurative Taraxacum oficinale L. cerraja, cerrajbn, diente de lebn - claimed to protect the liver, antirheumatic, diuretic, antitussive, depurative Tragopogon dubius L. verbaja - diuretic, hypotensive, antirheumatic and antidiabetic BORAGINACEB Anchusa azurea Miller bovina, (flowers) cordiales, lenguaza - remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract

Actes du 2eColloque Eurogen d‘Ethnopharmacologie et de la 1le Conférence internationale d’Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg,24-27 mars 1993. 220 H MÉDICAMENTS ET AWMENTS :L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE

Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list ofmedicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region andtheir local indications

FAMILY recorded Uses Conmon names Species Borago ofSicinalis L. borraja, lengua bovina, lengua de vaca, - remedy for relieving of the high lenguazas, morracias respiratory tract, tonic Cynoglossunt cheirifoliurn L. bifiebla, oreja de liebre, pulmonaria, - remedy for relieving of the high rifiella, viniebla respiratory tract Cynoglossum pictrun Ait. bifiebla, lenguaza, rifiella - remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, dematologic Echiatm sulgare L. lenguaza, viborera - sedative Heliotropium eul-opceun1L. girasol, mirasol, verrucaria, yerba - antipyretic, dematologic, ophthalnic, verruguera emmenagogue Lithodora fruticosa (L.) Griseb. asperbn, chuparnieles, hierba de la - depurative, anti-inflarnmatory sangre, hierba de la sangre basta, hierba de las siete sangrias, salado, yerba de lasangre BRASSILACEB (CRUCIFEFLE) Capsella bursapastoris L. bolsa de pastor, mata pan de pastor, - haemostatic, depurative pan and quesillo, rabaniza, zurrbn de pastor Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. floreta, hierba blanea, lobbn, lob6n de - haemostatic noria, salsa Carric?zteraarznua (L.) DC. cuchareta, guchareta, perbete, pinos - dematologic Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. aliaria, hierba pajarera, oruga, oruga - vulnerary borde Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. amargo, oruga, oruga basta, rabaniza - diuretic, dermatologie, anthelmintic Moricandia arvensis (L) DG. collejbn - dermatologie Nasturtium ofSicinale R. Br. berros, la mata berro - antipyretic, vulnerary Raphanus sativus L. r5bano - remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract CACTACEB Opuntiaficusbarbarica Berger chumbera, higuera chumba, pala, - dematologic, remedy for relievimg of palas, palera the high respiratory tract, digestive, antiseptic urinary tract, astringent, analgesic Opuntia maxima Miller palera - antiseptic urinay tract CAPPARJDACEE Capparis spinosa L. tapenera - dermatologie, vulnerary, antiseptic, anti-odontalgic CAPlUFOLIACEA3 Lonicera biflora Desf. madreselva dematologic Loniceru etrusca Santi madreselva antitussive Lanicera implexa Ait. madreselva antitussive, diuretie, dermatologie, vulnerary Sa'nmbucus ebubs L. sabuco - anti-inflammatory, anti-infective Sambucus nigm L. sabuco, sabuquera, Sacco - diuretic, anti-inflamnatory, analgesie, laxative, ophthalmic, antihemorrhoidal. dematologic, vulnerary Viburnrt~ntinus L. barbadija, durillo - antipyretic, purgative, anthelmintic

Actes du2e Colloque Européen &Ethopharmacologie et lade 11" Conférence internationale #Ethomedecine,Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993. M~~DICAMENTSET ALIMENTS :L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I 221

Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

C omm on names Uses recorded FAMILYUses names Common Species CARYOPHYLLACEE Arenaria intricata Dufour flowers de pincho - diuretic Cerastium glomeratunz Thuill. oreja de rath - vulnerary Dianthus valentinus Willk. quebrantapiedras - lithotritic Herniariafruticosa L. quebrantapiedras,ruinas - diuretic, antidiabetic Herniaria hirsuta L. hierba meona,meona, quebranta la - diuretic and lithotritic piedra, quebrantapiedras,riiionera, rompepiedras, yerba urinaria Paronychia argentea Lam. hierba la sangre, hierba dela plata, - cholagogue, diuretic, lithotritic, hierba la Plata, quebrantapiedras, anti-infective yerba de laplata Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam. flor de plata, hierba de la plata, mata - cholagogue, dermatologic, de Plata, orinaria, quebrantapiedras, anti-infective, lithotritic, diuretic, sanguinaria, yerba de laplata digestive, antihypertensive Paronychia suffruticosa (L ) DC. hierba de la sangre, yerba la sangre - dermatologic, depurative, antitussive, tonic, antihypertensive Saponaria oflcinalis L. jabonera, saponaria - vulnerary Spergularia rubra (L.) J. and C. Presl arenaria roja - lithotritic CHENOPODIACEE Beta vulgaris L. acelgas, blea - laxative, anti-inflammatory, sedative, subsp. cicla (L.) Arcangeli and anti-anemic Chenopodium apnbrosioides L. hierba de la té, planta del té, té borde - purgative, digestive, analgesic and sedative Salsola genistoides Juss. bojas, bojantinas, escoba dela era, - stomachic, appetizer escobilla, escobillas Salsola kali L. subsp. kali alicornios, barrilla borde, salicornios, - sedative, lithotritic, antidiabetic sanicornios, sarnicomio Salsola kali L. subsp. ruthenica alicornio, meona, trotamundos - diuretic (Iljin) So6 Salsola vermiculata L. carajillo, carambillo, Salado, sala0 - dermatologic, astringent CISTACEE albidus L. estepa, estepa blanca, estopa, estrepa, - antiseptic urinary tract jara, jarablanca, jara estepa Cistus clusii Dunal cabraullia, estepa, jabarzo, jaguarzo, - anti-odontalgic, ophthalmic, hair jara, juaglazo, juarzo, juagarzo, restorer, dermatologic, vulnerary juagarzo fino, quebraolla, quebraollas, quiebraolla, quiebraollas, rompeollas, romero macho Cistus Iaurifolius L. estepa, jara - antihemorrhoidal Cistus nzonspeliensis L. jaguarzo, jara, juagarzo, juagarzo basto - vulnerary, oral antiseptic Fumana ericoides (Cav.) Gand. hierba de la sangre, té moro, tomillo - diuretic subsp. ericoides , tonnera Helianthemum cinereum (Cav.) ardivieja, ceje, ge del campo, je del - vulnerary, hair restorer, stomachic, Pers. subsp. cinereum campo, seje, yerba de la ge dermatologic Helianthemum marifolium (L.) Miller ceje - vulnerary, dermatologic Helianthernum syriacum (Jacq.) matas blancas, té de campo - digestive, anti-inflammatory, Dum.-Cours. dermatologic, vulnerary Helianthemum violaceum Pers. té moro - digestive

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY Cornmon names Uses recorded Species CLUSIACEB Hypericum ericoides L. rirnica, hicafina, corazdn de piedra, - vulnerary, stomachic, lithotritie, coraz6n de lapiedra, hierba de la appetizer, depurative, cholagogue piedra, pincelillo, pinillo de Oro, quebrantapiedras, rompepiedras Hypericum pe$oratum L. var. corazoncillo, hierba de San Juh, - dermatologie, vulnerary, antiseptic angustifolium DC. hipérico, pericdn GOWOLVULACEE Convolvulus althœoides L. campamilla, campanilla mayor, - laxative, mti-inflammatory, anti campanillera, correhuela, corrigiiela, odontalgic, purgative, antiasthmatic corrigiiela basta, eorrigiiela borde, enredadera Convolvulus arvensis L. carrigiiela, chirrigiiela, corregiiela, - laxative, anti-inflammatory,antio correhuela, correhuela blanca, dontalgic, purgative, anti-asthmatic, correvuela, corrigiiela, corrihuela, antiseptic for urinary system corrihuela fina, enredddera, tapaculos COWACEB Corinria myrtifolia L. reol, reor - abortifacient CORYLACEB Corylus avellnna L. avellano, avellanero, avellano fino, - hair restorer (fruits) avellana de fraile, avellana fina, avellana gruesa, avellana redonda CRASSULACEE Kalanchœ fedtschenlsoi Hamet hoja de curalot6 - dermatologie and Penier Sedum album L. uva de gato, uvicas de milano - vulnerary Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pav. crespinillo, crespinillo de monte, - claimed to protect the liver, astringent, erispillos, crispinillo, flor de lagarto, vulnerary, antihemouhoidal, gurullera, pifiones, uiïade gato, uiïa en antiseptic of the urinary tract, gato, uiias de lobo, uva de milano, uva dermatologie de pastor, uvicas de. milano Sedum telephium L. curalotodo - dermatologie Urnbilicus horizontalis Guss. ombligo de Venus - vulnerary, diuretie Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy zumillo - purgative, dermatologie CUCURBITACEB Citmllus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. tuera - purgative Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo meldn - slimming Cucumis sativus L. cohombro, pepino - analgesic, dermatologic, stomachic, astringent Cucurbita pepo L. calabacines, calabaza - anthelmintic Ecballium elnterium a.)A. Richard combrillo, escombrillo, mata del - purgative pepinillo borde, pepinillo del diablo CUSCUTACElE Cuscuta epithymum (L.) Murray azafrh borde, azafrAn del monte, - tranquillizer, tonic for circulatory azafranillo, cabellos de angel, manto system, laxative, vulnerary de la virgen, pelillo CYF'ERACEB

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Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

C omm on names Uses recorded FAMILYUses names Common Species Scirpus holoschœnus L. junco - astringent EBENACEE Diospyros kaki L. fil. caqui, caquilero - laxative ERICACEE Arbutus unedo L. madroiiera,madroiiero, madroiio - diuretic, remedy for relievingof the high respiratory tract, laxative, antiseptic for urinary system Arctostaphylos uvaursi (L.) Sprengel algalloba, arbuto, argallua, argayoba, - lithotritic, diuretic, abortifacient, belluga, galloba, gayoba, gayua, antiseptic for urinary system gayuba, uva de oso, uvo de os0 Erica erigena R. Ross brezo - astringent Erica nzultijlora L. brezo, pedorrera - diuretic, galactogogue EUPHORBIACEE Euphorbia carthaginensis Porta et t6rtago - carminative Rigo ex Willlc. Euphorbia helioscopia L. chirrigüela borde, leche interna, leche - haemostatic, vulnerary tierna, lechitema, rechigüela borde, rechilera borde, rechiruela borde, rechitierna Euphorbia lagascLe Sprengel chirrigiiela borde, flor de los amores, - haemostatic leche interna, rechigüela borde, rechilera borde, rechiruela borde, rechitierna Euphorbia serrata L. chirrigüela, flor de los aunores, leche - haemostatic, vulnerary, dermatologic interna, lecheruela, lechetierna, lechinterna, lechiterna, mata lechera, rechigüela, recheruela, rechilera, rechiruela, rechiruela borde, rechitierna Mercurialis tomentosa L. orejas de liebre, quebrantahuesos - claimed to protect the liver, laxative, anti-odontalgic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic Ricinus comrnunis L. &bol del demonio, higuera del - purgative, laxative, appetizer demonio, ricino FAGACEE Quercus coccifera L. carrasca, carrasca borde, coscoja, - stomachic, dermatologic, claimed to chaparra, chaparro, chaparro borde, protect the liver, antidiabetic chapauva, matarmbia Quercusfaginea Lam. roble - oral antiseptic, dermatologic Quercus rotundifolia Lam. bellotero, carrasca, chaparra, chaparra - astringent, dermatologic, depurative, blanca, encina, matach, mataparda, vulnerary (fruits) abellota, bellotas, billota FUMARLACEiE Fuinaria faurei (Pugsley) Lidén cuello de paloma - dermatologic Fumaria parviflora Lam. cilimonterra, gallinera, mata de los - dermatologic perros, muîiino, perejil de lareina, perijilera, zapaticos del Seiior

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Table 2 (Cmt'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY Cornmon names Uses recorded Species

~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ GENTWACEE Centauriurn quadrifoliurrl (L.) centaura, hie1 de la tierra, hies de la - vulnerary, antipyretic, remedy for G. Lopez and Ch.Jarvis tierra, sed de la tierra common cold Centauriurn rigualii Esteve centaura - antipyretic Centauriurn spicaturn(L.) Fritsch centaura - antipyretic GEEL4N"EE Pelargonium zonale Ait. gerheo, geranio - dennatologic, laxative, sedative GLOBULAUCEB Globularia alypum L. cebollana, coronilla de fraile, hierba - antipyretic, anti-infective, stomachic, sevillana, sevillana laxative Globularia spinosa L. carrasquilla - depurative HIPPOCASTANACEW Bscuhs lzippocastaanum L. castafio borde - analgesic, antihemorrhoidal IRIDACEE Crocus safivus L. azafrh, safrh,zafr6n - abortifacient Iris albicans Lange lirio blanco - undetermined medicinal use Iris germnnica L. lirio, lirio nazareno, lirios tempranos, - antihemorrhoidal nazareno, (rhizome) cebolla de lirio JUGLANDACEE Juglans regia L. nogal, noguera, (fruits) nueces - anti-odontalgic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiseptic for urinary system, vulnerary, antidiabetic, astringent, anti-anemic, anthelmintic, antihemorrhoidal JUNCACEE J~a~usrnaritim,us Lam. junco - astringent, hair restorer LAMIACEE (LABIATE) Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench. subsp. té de monte - digestive rneridionalis (Nyman) P.W. Ball. Ajuga charrmpitys (L.) Schreber pinillo - diuretic, remedy for dropsy, antisppasmodic Ajugu iva (L.) Schreber iva - vulnerary, analgesic Ballota hirsuta Benth. mmbio, ma~zrubillo,marrubillo, - appetizer, depurative, stomachic, marrubio antipyretic, dematologic, anti- inflammatory Calamintha sylvatica Bronf. subsp. calamento, poleo - stomachic, expectorant, resolutive adscendens (Jordan) P.W Ball

Hyssopus ofzcirzalis L. subsp. hisopo - antiseptic of the high respiratory tract aristatus (Godron) Briq. Lamiurn arnplexicauleL. pie de Cristo, pie1 de Cristo, zapaticos - antisdontalgic de laVirgen, zapatillicos de laVirgen, zapaticos del Sefior Lavandula dentata L. cantueso, espliego - antitussive Lavandula latifolia Medicus alhucema, espliego, espligo, - anthelmintic, stomachic. appetizer, analgesic, digestive, depurative, diuretic, antitussive, antirheumatic, tranquillizer, remedy for high choles- terol levels, vulnerary

Actes du 2eColloque Européen d'Ethnopharmacologiede et la 11' Conférence internationale d'Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg,24-27 mars 1993. M~DICAMENTSET ALIMENTS :L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE w 225

Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list ofmedicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY Common names recorded Uses Species

Lavandula multij?da L. alhucemilla, cantueso, espliego, - antipyretic, vermifuge espliego de hoja fina Lavandula stœchas L. subsp. cantueso, lavanda - appetizer, laxative, peptic ulcer remedy, stœchas indigestion Majorana hortensis Moench. orégano - sedative, soporific, stomachic Marrubium alysson L. juanrubio, manrubio, marrubio, - appetizer, diuretic, claimedto protect the marrubio blanco, marmbio borde, liver, dermatologic, astringent marmbio de flor rosa Marrubium supinuln L. manrubio, manrubio blanco, marrubio - vulnerary Mnrrubium vulgare L. manrubio, manrubio de flor blanca, antitussive, antipyretic, sedative, marmbio, pelusilla vulnerary, claimedto protect the liver, antipyretic Melissa ofSicinalis L. subsp.ofSicinalis melisa, toronjil anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, sedative Mentha Zongifolia (L) Hudson hortelana, menta stomachic, carminative Mentha x piperita L. hierbabuena, menta digestive, stomachic, carminative, tonic, soporific, tranquillizer, anthelmintic Mentha spicata L. subsp. hierbabuena, hierba buena, menta anthelmintic, sedative, carminative, glabrata (Lej. and Court.)Lebeau remedy for relieving of the high respi- tory tract, tranquillizer, sedative Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. maestranzo, mastranzo, mastranzos, anti-odontalgic, stomachic poleo Mentha x villosa Huds. nothosubsp. menta, teronjina, tirujina, toronjina anti-inflammatory, stomachic lamyi (Malinvaud) Lebeau (M. spicata subsp. glabrata x suaveolens) Micromeria grma (L.) Benthamex stomachic Reicher var. latifolia Boiss. Ocimum basilicum L. aliibega, aliibegafina, albahaca, digestive, carminative, tranquillizer, alhAbega, alhiivega, liibega mosquito repellent Origanum vulgnre L. orégaulo sedative, tranquillizer, soporific, antirheumatic, appetizer, antitussive, remedy for influenza, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract Phlomis crinita Cav. barbas de pastor, mechera, oreja de diuretic, haemostatic liebre peluda, oreja de lob0 Phlomis lychnitis L. candilera, hierba tolciera, hierba vulnerary, antirheumatic, analgesic, torcida, hierba torciera, hierbatorcia, litho!xitic, antihemorrhoidal, astringent, oreja de liebre, quebrantagüesos, carminative, stomachic, digestive quebrantahuesos,rab0 de perro, yerba de torcias, yerba tolciera, yerba torcia, yerba torciera Phlomis pulpurea L. subsp. almeriensis oreja de liebre diuretic, lithotritic (Pau) Losa and Rivas Goday Rosmarinus ofSicinalis L. romero, romero com~n vulnerary, antianemic, depurative, antipyretic, digestive, tonificante, claimed to protect the liver, hypotensive, sedative, anti-odontalgic,remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract,

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMLY Cornmorn marnes Uses recorded Species hair restorer, antirheumatic, anti- inflammatory, tonic for circulatory system, analgesic, remedy for high cholesterol levels, appetizer, antitus- sive, remedy for influenza Salvia fruticosa Miller sabia, salvia, salvia real, savia, savia real- hypotensive, vult~erary,digestive, sedative Salvia lavanduli$olia. Vahl. alhucema, mariselva. mariserva. - depurative, stomaehic, remedy for subsp. lavandulifolia marisierva, salvia relieving of the high rerpiratory tract, antirheumatic, appetizer. tonic Salvin ofSicinalis L. salvia - soporific, diuretic, astringent, sedative, digestive, tonicfor circulatory system, vulnerary, antihalitosic Salvia phlomoides Asso rnal-0 - dermatologie, anti-infective Snlvia vellerea Boiss. manisielva, mariselva, mariserva, - dimtic, sedative,antiashatic, appehr, marisieIva, marisierva, salvia tranquiIlizer, antipyretic, antirheumatic, analgesic, remedy for relievimgthe highof respiratory tract, stomachic Salvia verbenaca L. cresta de gallo, gallocresta, pie de - antirheumatic. vulnerary, ophthalrmic, Cristo, salvia, salvia de los prados anti-odontalgic,hypotensive

Satureja intricata Lange subsp. ajedrea, ajegrea, jegrea - appetizer. digestive, sedative, gracilis (WillK.) Rivas anti-odontalgic, astringent, carminative, Martinez in G. Lopez stomachic, dermatologie Satureja obovata Lag. subsp. ajedrea, ajedrea fina, ajeglea, ajegrea, - digestive, stomackie, diuretic, appetizer, obovata gegrea, jegrea, olivardilla, zorija remedy for influenza Satureja obovata Lag. subsp. ajedrea, ajegrea, jedrea, jegrea, - claimed to protect the liver, digestive, canescens (Rouy) Rivas Martinez olivardilla, saborija, saldorija, saurija, antinfective, depurative tomillo aceitunero, tomillo macho, zorija Sideritis hirsuta L. caiiamillo, manrubillo, ortiga blanca, - stomachic, diuretic,vulnerary. appetizer, rabogato, digestive, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, appetizer, carminative Sideritis ibanyezii Pau rabo de gato, rabogato, zagareiia - anti-infective, laxative, stomachic, purgative, depurative, digestive, vulnerary, hypotensive, anti-inflam- matory, analgesic, dematologic, remedy for high cholesterol levels Sideritis incana L. rabogato - diuretic Sideritis leucantha subsp. bourgœana caiiamillo, rabogato, tomillo fino - stonlachic, appetizer, anti-inflammatory, (Boiss. andReuter) Alcaraz et al. mherary, remedy for calcium deficiency, antiseptic urinary tract, antihemorrhoidal Sideritis Ieucantha Cav. subsp.incana caiiamillo, rabo de gato, rabogato - remedy for influenza, hypotensive, (WillK.) Malagarriga stomachic, carminative, peptic ulcer rernedy, vulnerary, appetizer,ophtkalmic Sideritis leucantlzaSideritis subsp. Cav. leucantlm rabogato - stomachic, vulnerary, appetizer, carminative, antirheurnatic, remedy for high cholesterol levels, antidiabetic; veterinary emmenagogue

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY names Common Uses recorded Saecies

Sideritis marininorensis Ob6n rabogato - digestive, depurative, purgative, and Rivera antidiabetic, vulnerary, haemostatic, antihemorrhoidal,anti-infective, dermatologic, remedy for high . cholesterol levels, analgesic, antiseptic urinary tract,ophthalmic Sideritis murgetana Obon and caiiamillo, manrubillo, rabogato - appetizer, stomachic, anti-acid, peptic ulcer Rivera subsp. murgetana remedy, carminative, depurative, vulnerary, hair restorer, cholagogue, anti-infective, antirheumatic, hypotensive, antidiabetic, tonic for circulatory system, purgative Sideritis murgetana Ob6n andRivera rabogato - digestive, stomachic, appetizer, remedy subsp. pauczjlora Ob6n andRivera for common cold, vulnerary, anti-infective Sideritis tragoriganuin Lag. rabogato, rab0 de gato de llano - peptic ulcer remedy, remedy for influenza, expectorant, slimming, depurative, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory Stachys oficinalis (L.) Trevisan betonica, bretonica - antipyretic Teucrium capitatumL. subsp. gracillimum boja, cantueso borde, mejorana, - astringent, anti-infective, vulnerary (Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo zamarrilla Teucrium IeonisSennen zamarrilla - antipyretic, emmenagogue, stomachic, appetizer Teucriunt mnrcicum.Sennen mejorana - purgative, emmenagogue, digestive, subsp. nturcicum depurative, tonic for circulatory system, appetizer Teucriunt pseudochamœpitys L. hie1 de la tierra, hierba de la cruz, - vulnerary,remedy for influenza, appetizer, mata de la grieta, pinillo, pinillo falso analgesic, remedyfor headache, stomachic Teucrium rotundifolium Schreber petronica real - antipyretic, astringent Teucriunz tvebbianunz Boiss. orov5n - antipyretic Thymbra capitata (L.) C'av. tomillo aceitunero, tomillo andaluz, - antipyretic, vermifuge tomillo carrasqueiio ThYinus ericoides Rouy tomillo fino, tomillo macho, tomillo - remedy for relieving of the high respiratory negro tract, vulnerary Thymusfunkii Cosson cantahueso, cantueso, cantueso blanco - remedy for calcium deficiency, stomachic, vulnerary Thymus hyemalis Lange tomillo, tomillo de invierno, tomillo - digestive, stomachic, astringent, claimed macho, tomillo morado, tomillo to protect the liver, antitussive, remedy moreno, tomillo rojo, tumillo for relieving of the high respiratory tract, antipyretic, abortifacient, hair restorer, appetizer, digestive, disinfectant, anti- anemic, anti-odontalgic, sedative, anti- inflammatory, dermatologic Thymus mnstichina L. subsp. almoraduz, almoroje, escombrilla, - stomachic, digestive, anti-infective, mastichina mejorana analgesic, antirheumatic

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY marnes Cornmon recorded Uses Species

Thymus membranaceusBoiss. cantahueso, cantueso, cantueso blanco. - depurative, lithotritic, stomachic,mti-acid mejorana, picos de pollo, tomillo anti-odontalgic, digestive, remedy for macho influenza, antitussive, sedative and diuretic, remedy for calcium deficiency Thyrnus moroderi Pau ex Martinez cantahueso, cantueso, cantueso - tonic, anti-acid, remedy for influenza, morado, tomillo colora0 depurative, usedin the treatment ofdrug addiction Thymus piperella L. peberella, pebrela, pebrella, pebrete, - stomachic, peptic ulcer remedy pebreya, perbella, prebete Thymus vulgaris L. tomillo, tomillo limonero, tomillo - digestive, carminative, appetizer, remedy macho, tunullo for influenza, vulnerary, strengthener, antirheumatic, sedative Thymus zygis L. subsp. gracilis risa de suegra, tomillo, tomillo blanco, - stomachic, antitussive, antiseptic (Boiss.) Morales tomillo fino, tomillo picante, tomillo rojo, tomillo salsero, tumillo fino LAURACEE Laurus nobilis L. laure1 - analgedc,remedy for relieving theof hi& respiratory tract, hairrestorer, stomachic, tonic, strengthener LEGUMINOSE Anthyllis cytisoides L. albaida, albaira, arbaida, boja blanca, - stomachic, anti-asthmatic mata blanca Antlzyllis terniflora (Lag.) Pau albaida, albaida fina - remedy for influenza Anthyllis vulneraria L. trebol de prado, vulneraria - laxative, depurative, vulnerary Ceratonia siliqua L. algarrober, algarrobo, garrobo, - antitussive, remedy for influenza, garrofera, garrofero, (tender fruit) dematologic, laxative, remedyfor warts ganofin, (ripe fruit) algarroba, garrofa Cicer nrietinum L. cuco, garbanzos - laxative, dermatologie, vulnerary Colutea arborescens L. subsp. espantalobos, espantazorras - purgative, sedative atlantica (Browicz) Ponerl Coronillajuncea L. coronilla, floreta, retama - cardiotonic, dematologic Coronilla minima L. subsp. quebraollas - laxative clusii (Duf.) Murbeclc Dorycnium hirsutum(L.) Ser. hierba del pastor - antihemorrhoidal Dorycnium pentaphyllumScop. boja blanca, caiiamillo, caramoncillo, - antihemorrhoidal crujidera, crujiera, chirrera, crujiera fina, escobilla, escoboncillo, mijediega longipes Pau alagua, toliaga hembra - stomachic Genista murcica Gosson retama, retama basta - anti-odontalgic, remedyfor broken bones Genista scorpius L. aliaga, aulaga - anti-odontalgic, appetizer, sedative Genista valentina Dufour genista, retamol - anti-odontalgic, remedyfor broken bones Glycyrrhiza glabra L. palodulce, paloduz, regalicia, regaliz, - antitussive, antiasthmatic, peptic ulcer rogalicia remedy, remedyfor influenza, Iaxative, oral antiseptic Lathyrus clymenumL. orova - anti-infective Lupinus albus L. altramuces, altramuz, tranuso - antidiabetic Medicago nigra (L.) ICroclcer rompepiedras, tr6bol - lithotritic

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY recorded Uses namesCommon Species Medicago sativa L. afalfa, alfalfa, alflafilla de monte, - depurative, diuretic, tonic, arti-odontalgk, mierga ophthalmic Phaseohs vulgaris L. alubia, alubias, bachoca, bajocas, - remedy for high cholesterol levels, habichuelas,judias, majocas, (tender antidiabetic fruit) grisuelos Psoralea bituminosa L. angelota, cejinegra, mata pestosa, rudon - vulnerary Retama sphœrocarpa L. retama - dermatologic, emmenagogue, aborti- facient, antidiabetic Trifoliumfragiferum L. trébol - anti-inflammatory Trifoliumpratense L. berrillo, trébol - laxative, anti-asthmatic Viciafaba L. habas, (tender fruit) tabilla, (ripe seed) - vulnerary michirbn. minchirbn LILIACELE' Allium cepa L. cebolla - dermatologic, digestive, tonic for circulatory system, remedyfor influenza hypotensive, antidiabetic, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue, slimming Allium roseum L. ajo, ajo porro, ajo rosa - anti-inflammatory Allium sativum L. ajo, (larger individuals selected for - antirheumatic, tonic for circulatory system, production of plant) aja for gout, depurative, digestive, anti- odontalgic, anthelmintic, remedy for influenza, dermatologic, hypotensive, antipyretic, depurative, astringent Asparagus acutifolius L. espihago,espihago Silvestre, - laxative espkago triguero, esparraguera. esparraguillo Asparagus albus L. espihago, esparraguera, espanraguera - anti-anemic blanca Asparagus horridus L. esparraguera, esparraguera borde - dermatologic Asphodelus cirerœ Sennen cebollana, cebollana borde, cebolleta, - dermatologic gamoncillo, gamones. jabonera, monecillo, tapaculos, varicas de San José, varita de San José Asphodelus fistulosus L. cebollana, gambn, tapaculos - astringent, dermatologic Asphodelus ramosus L. cebollana, cebollano, cebollinos, - astringent, dermatologic, (=A. cerasiferus Gay). cebollbn, gambonita, gambn, ganones, antihemorrhoidal, remedyfor toothache jabonera, jambn, vara de San José Lapiedra martinezii Lag. cebolla, cebolla de nardo - dermatologic Lilium candidum L. (cultivated) azucena, azucena blanca, vara de San - vulnerary, dermatologic José Ruscus acukatus L. bronco, brusco, jusbarda, rucus, rusco, - vulnerary, dermatologic, emmenagogue, siempreverde antipyretic, diuretic Smilax nspera L. zarza parrilla, zarzaparrilla - depurative, antidiabetic Urginea maritima Baker cebolla albarrana, cebolla borde, - dermatologic cebollino del demonio

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Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medieinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species LINACEB Linum s~~fiuticossz~rnL. subsp. hie1 de la tierra - appetizer jinzenezii (Pau) Rivas Goday and Rivas Martinez Linum usitatissimum L. lino, linueso, linuezo - anti-inflammatory LYTHRACEE Lythrum salicaria L. salicaria - astringent .WVACEB Althœa hirsuta L. malva - dermatologie, laxative, antitussive, emmenagogue, sedative Althœa oficinalis L. malvavisco, marvavisco, marvisco - remedy for influenza, antitussive, remedy for relievingof the high respiratory tract, laxative Althea rosea (L.) Cav. malva real, malvarrosa - digestive, remedy for influenza,stomachic Lavatera arborea L. malva, malva de arbolico, malva real, - remedy for influenza, purgative, remedy malvarisco, malvarrosa for relieving of thehi& respiratory tract, stomachic, antitussive, anti-innammatory, dermatologie Lavatera cretica L. malva, malva terrestre - remedy for influenza, digestive, laxative, vulnerary, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, antitussive, anti-inflammatory Lavatera maritima Gouan malvarisco, marvio - remedy for influenza Malva niceensis All. malvas - remedy for influenza and commoncold, dermatologie, vulnerary Malva parviflora L. malva, malvas - remedy for influenza, digestive, laxative, vulnerary Malva sylvestris L. malva, malva rastrera, marva - antirheumatic, antitussive, stomachic, remedy for influenza, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, laxative, sedative, tranquillizer, anti- inflammatory, vulnerary?dernlato- logic, antihemorroidal, antipyretic MOMGEL8 Ficzrs carica L. (traditional figuera, higuera - laxative, antitussive. digestive, stomachic, cultivation) antidiabetic, dermatologie, vulnerary Morus alba L. morera - antiseptic urinary tract, abortifacient MYFtTACEE Eucalyptus camaldulensis Denb. caliptro, calistro, eucalipto, eucaliptro, - antitussive, remedy for relieving of the eucaliptus, eucalisto, eucalistro, high respiratory tract, antipyretic ocalistro, ocaliptro, ucalihto Eucalyptus globulus Labill e,ucalipto,ogalito - remedy for influenza, hair restorer, laxative, oral antiseptic, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract Eucalyptus 1eucoxyIotz F. Mnell. eucalipto - remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract Myrtus cornmunis L. var. cotnmunis arraygn, rnirto, murta, murtera - emmenagogue, remedy for influenza

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Table 2 (Cunt’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonousand introduced plant species of the Murcia Regionand their local indications

Comm on names Uses recorded FAMILYUses names Common Species OLEACEB Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl freno, fresno, fresno comïin, fresno - diuretic, digestive, astringent, de latierra anti-odontalgic Jasminum oJjcinale L. jazm’n de flor blanca, jazm’n, - ophthalmic, antihalitosic jazminero Jasminum ofSicinale L. forma jazminero - ophthalmic, antihalitosie grandzjlorum (L.) Kobuski Jasminum polyanthum Ranch. jazm’n de flor blanca - Ophthalmic Olea europœaL. var. europœa olivera, olivo, (fruit) oliva - hypotensive, antidiabetic, antirheumatic, depurative, anti-odontalgic, remedy for influenza, dermatologic, antihemorrhoidal, hair restorer, anti-inflammatory Olea europœa L. var. sylvestris acebuche, acembuche, acimbuche, - hypotensive, antirheumatic (Miller) Brot. cembuche, olivera borde, olivo borde, zambuche OROBANCHACEB Cistanche phelypœa (L.) Coutinho foll6n de lobo, jopos de zorra, mata - astringent, emmenagogue pujera, pijo de lobo, pijolobo crenataForsk. foll6n de lobo, pijo de lob0 - astringent Orobanche latisquama (Schl.) pedo de lobo, pijo de lob0 - astringent Benth. and Hook. Orobanche minor Sm. pijo de lobo, rab0 dezorra, rabolobo - astringent PALMACEB Phœnix dactylifera (cultivated) palmera, palmera datilera - remedy for influenza PAPAVERACEK Argenzone mexicana L. cardo santo - purgative Papaver hybridum L. ababol valenciano, amapola - dermatologic,anti-infective Papaver rhœas L. ababaol, ababol, ababoles, amapolas, - soporific, antitussive, relieving of the arabol, babaol respiratory tract, ophthalmic, soporific, anti-inflammatory Papaver somniferum L. adonnideras, amapolasblancas, cascal, - sedative, soporific, anti-infective, cascales, (bot6n floral) monja dermatologic PASSIFLORACEK Passifzora cœrulea L. pasionaria - antiallergic PLANTAGINACEB Plantago afra L zaragatona - hair restorer Plantago albicans L. canilla, pelosilla, pelusilla, pelusillas, - haemostatic. antitussive, astringent, velosilla antihemorrhoidal Plantago coronopus L. estrella de mar, estrellamar, rampete - diuretic, digestive, antihemorrhoidal Plantago lanceolata L. llantkn menor, Hantera - vulnerary, remedy for influenza, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory POACEB (GRAMINFLE) Arundo donax L. cafia, (inflorescence) jopo, (rhizome) - analgesic, diuretic, antidiabetic raiz de cafia, (large reed) licera, lisera, (medium reed) bardiza Avena barbata Pott. ex Link. avena borde - laxative, refrigerant Avena sterilis L. avena, ballueca, bayo, cobula, cula - diuretic

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Table 2 (Conr’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

FAMILY Cornmon marne5 recorded Uses Species Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) Beauv. lastbn, pasto - astringent Bromus rigidus Roth. cola de caballo - diuretic Bromus rubens L. cola de caballo, espiguilla. rompesacos - diuretic Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. agrama, grama, grama de campo, - antiseptic for urinary system, appetizer, grama forastera, (rhizome) raiz de diuretic, lithotritic, purgative grama Hordeum vulgare L. cebs6, cebada - antiseptic of the high respiratory tract, digestive, sedative, astringent Zmperata cylindrica (L.) Rauschel sisca - anti-inflammatory Oryza sativa L. arroz - dermatologic Poa infirma Kunth. bayo, hierba gallinera, pelote - purgative Saccharum oficinarum L. eaiia de az~car,calla dulce - depurative and diuretic Secale cereale L. centeno - remedy for influenza Stipa tenacissima L. (whole plant) atocha, tocha, (leaves) - emmenagogue, remedy for relieving esparto, (inflorescence) raigbn, rig6n of the high respiratory tract, astriagent, anti-odontalgic, abortifacient, sedative Triticum œstivum L. etnovar. “candeal“ trigo, trigo candeal - laxative, anti-inflammatory Zea mays L. maiz, panizo, (stem ) arcazaba, (bracts) - diuretic, antiseptic of urinary tract perfolla, perifolla, (infrutescence) mazorca, panocha, (mis) zuro, (pistyl) pelo de panocha, (male inflorescence) copa Zea mays L. etnovar.“rojo” panizo, panizo rojo - antipyretic POLYGONACEE Polygonum aviculare L. hierba de la sangre, nudosa - diuretic, remedy for influenza Polygonum egr4isetifomte L. nudosa, romanza, rompearados - diuretic, remedy for influenza Rumex crispus L. mastramo. romanza, romanzas, - diuretic, remedy for influenza, antitussive romaza, rumaza Rumexpulcher L. romanza, romanzas, romaza, rumaza - dermatologic, antisepticforurinary system POSDONIACEB Posidolzia oceanica (L.) Delile algas - vulnerary PRJMULACEW Coris monspeliensis L. subsp. bksamo - vulnerary monspeliensis Coris monspeliensis subsp. bksamo3periquillo - vulnerary, diuretic rivasiana (Esteve) Alcaraz and cols. PWCACEW Punica granatm L. granado, granao, (fruit) grana - vulnerary, dermatologie, anthelmintic RAFFLESIACEB Cytinus hypocisfis (L.) L. colmenica, hierbajara la - stomachic RANUNCULACEB Clematis flammula L. bigarrilla, jazminera borde, jazminon-0 - sedative, dermatologic, vulnerary Helleborus fœtidus L. hierba llanera, hierba lobadea, - antipyretic, antiparasitic helkboro. pie de grifo RHMACEB Rhamnus alateraus L. acebo, aladierno, mesto - anti-inflammatory

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Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

C omm on names Uses recorded FAMILYUses names Common Suecies ROSACEE Crategus azarolus L. acerolo, acerolero, cirolero, (fruit) - anti-odontalgic cirola Cratagus monogyna Jacq. subsp. espino albar, espino blanco - sedative brevispina (G.Kunze) Franco Cydonia oblonga Miller membrillero, (fruit) membrilla, - astringent, vulnerary, peptic ulcer membrillo remedy Eryobotrya japonica (Thunb.) nisperero, nispero, nispolero - remedy for influenza and commoncold, Lindley anti-inflammatory, vulnerary Malus domestica Borkh. manzano, perero, peretero - antirheumatic,hypotensive, astringent, laxative Potentillapentaphylla L. tormentilla - astringent, carminative, antihemorrhoidal Potentilla reptans L. pie de Cristo - antihemorrhoidal,dermatologic, anti-inflammatory Prunus armeniaca Miller abercoquero, albaricoquero, - laxative, dermatologic albercoquero, albericoquero, (fruits) abercoques, abridores Prunus avium L. cerezo, picoter0 - diuretic, ophthalmic diseases Prunus domestica L. curuela (fruit), ciruelo - laxative Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb almendro - analgesic, anti-odontalgic,purgative, digestive, refrigerant Prunuspersica L. malacatonero, melocotonero (fruits) - laxative malacatones, melocotones Rosa canina L. borracha, escaramujo, rosal silvestre, - astringent, appetizer, digestive, stomachic, tapaculos diuretic Rosa pouzinii Tratt. borracha, rosal silvestre - astringent Rubus ulmifolius L. zarza, zarzamora - astringent, anti-odontalgic, vulnerary Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. hierba de Santa Teresa, solaexiste - cholagogue, diuretic, lithotritic magnolii (Spach) P. Cout. Sorbus dornestica L. serbal - laxative, antidiabetic, astringent, antitussive, diuretic RUBIACEB Galium aparine L. amor de hortelano, lapa - otitis Galium fruticescens Cav. hierba de Oro - digestive, stomachic Galium verum Hudson hierba de Oro - digestive, stomachic RUTACEE Citrus aurantium L. naranjo amargo, pepitero, (flowers) - tranquillizer, vulnerary, stomachic, azahar digestive, sedative, relieving of the respiratory tract Citrus bergam.ia Riss0 bergamota, naranja borde - antidiabetic Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. limonero, (flowers) azahar - digestive, stomachic, astringent, antiemetic, vulnerary, dermatologic, analgesic, anti-odontalgic,remedy for influenza Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. pomelo - hypotensive, slimming

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region andtheir local indications

FAMILY Comom names Uses recorded S'ecies Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeclc naranjo, (flowers) azahar sedative, remedy for influenza. laxative, remedyfor calcium deficiency, remedy for influenza Dictamnus hispanicusWebb camin real, tim6n real antiprretic, anti-idlammatory, stomachic, digestive, appetizer Ruta angustifoliaL. rua, ruda, ruda borde sedative, analgesic, astringent, antirheumatic, vulnerary, ophthalmic, stomachic, digestive, dermatologie, emmenagogue, abortifacient. antihemorrhoidal Ruta graveolens L. ruda, ruda generosa sedative, antirheumatic, otitis, ernrnenagogue, antihemorrhoidal SALICACEE Populus alba L. Alamo, Alamo blanco, chopo blanco vulnerary, antihemorrhoidal Salk pedicellata Desf. sauce antipyretic SCROPHULARIACEb'E Digilalis obscura L. bruja, dedalera, corrigia, crujia anti-odontalgic, vulnerary, anti-infective, tonic for circulatory system Misopates orontium (L.) Rd. respiratory ailments Verbascumpulverulentwn Vill. gordolobo, orejas de lobo, verbasco anti-inflammatory. claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue Verbascum sinuaturnL. gordolobo, verbasco anti-inflammatory, claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue Verbasclun thapsusL. gordolobo, moiiigas de lobo, orejas anti-infianrnatory, claimed to protect de lobo, verbasco, verdolobo the liver, cholagogue, laxative SOLANACEE Capsicumfiutescens L. guindillas, guindillas picantes remedy for influenza Hyoscyamus albus L. beleiio, beleiio macho, meleiio,trepbn, - anti-odontalgic, vulnerary, veleno antihemorrhoidal, sedative Lycium intricaturnL. cambronero, sala0 - dermatologie Lycopersicum esculentum.Miller tomatera, (seed) binza, (fruit) tomate - diuretic, dermatologie Nicotiana glauca W. @.Graham. gandul - dermatologie Nicotiana tabaccwn L. tabac0 - tranquillizer Solanuwz melongena L. berengena - dermatologie Solanum nigrum L. yerba mora - dermatologie Solanurn tuberosum L. crilla, patatera, patata - soporifie, dermatologic, ophthalmic Withaniafrutescens (L.j Dunal aroval, emperador, orobal, oroval - antipyretic, vulnerary TAMAIBICACErE Tamarix africanaPoiret taray dermatologie Tamarix boveana Bunge taray dermatologie Tamarix canariensis Willd. taray dermatologie THYMELEACEE Daphne gnidiumL. matapollo, matapollos, torbisco, - dermatologie, astringent, sedative torovisco, torvisco Daphne laureola L.subsp. latifolia salabionda - purgative, abortifacient (Cossonj Kvas Martinez Thymeha hirsuta (L.) Endl. bolaga, boalgas, bojalaga, boleaga - anti-odontalgic, astringent

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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications

C omm on names Uses recorded FAMILYUses names Common Species Thymealea tartonraira (L.) AU. quebraolla purgative, tonic for circulatory system TILIACELE Tilia platyphyllos Scop. tilero, tilo, (medicinal plant) tila remedy for influenza, tonic, diuretic TYPHACEE Typha angustifolia L. puros de anea mosquito repellent ULMACEE Celtis australis L. alatonero, almecinero, aratonero, haemostatic, astringent almez, laionero, latonero, lidonero, lionera, Win, lironero UMBELLIFJXE Anethum graveolens L. eneldo, enerdo, neldo digestive (traditional cultivation) Apium graveolens L. apio diuretic, appetizer, antirheumatic, hypotensive, for gout, tonic for circulatory system, dermatologic Apium nodiflorunt L. apio borde anti-odontalgic Bupleurunzfruticosum L. adelfilla, clujia fina anti-inflammatory Bupleurum rigidum L. clujia basta, oreja de liebre anti-inflammatory Conium maculatum L. cicuta vulnerary, anti-odontalgic, sedative Eryngium campestre L. cardiph, cardo corredor, cardoph, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardo penicardo, cardo Santo, cardo antipoison, dermatologic, diuretic setero, panicardo Eryngium ilicifolium Lam. mancaperros depurative, dermatologic, vulnerary, astringent, ophtalmic Fœniculum vulgare Miller ainojo, hinojera, hinojo, inoho, linojo depurative, remedy for influenza, stomachic, digestive, appetizer, carmi- native, tranquillizer, slimming, anti- tussive, vulnerary, ophthalmic diseases Petroselinum crispum (Miller) perejil carminative, antidiabetic, appetizer, Nyman (traditional cultivation) diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic, vulnerary, analgesic, abortifacient, anti-odontalgic, hair restorer Pimpinella anisum L. matalahuva, matalauva stomachic, digestive, relieving of the (cultivation plant) respiratory tracts Thapsia villosa L. turbai depurative URTICACEB Parietaria judaica L. caracolera antihemorrhoidal,diuretic, vulnerary Urtica urens L. hostiga, ortiga, ostiga tonic for circulatory system, remedy for influenza, hypotensive, remedyfor high cholesterol levels, dermatologic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hair restorer, soporific, antihemorrhage, depurative, antisepticfor urinary system VALERIANACEB Centranthus calcitrapa (L.) Dufresne quina hair restorer, antipyretic

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Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Wegion and their local indications

FAMIZY Comon names Uses recorded Species VERBENACEB Aloysia triphylylla (L‘Her.) Britt. hierha luisa - stomachic. purgative, digestive, sedative, appetizer, emmenagogue, sedative, remedy for influenza VITACEE Wtis berlandierii Planchon uva americana, vid silvestre - dermatologic, haemostatic Wtis vinifera L. pua, vid, (dry fruits) pasas - dermatologic, haemostatic, hair restorer, remedy for influenza, astringent ZYGOPHYLLACEE Fagonia cretica L. mata quijalera - anti-odontalgic Peganum hamzalaL. aljamega, catarrofic, catarrofin, - vulnerary, dermatologic, anti- catarmcin, jamega, matarmfin inflmatory

Table 3 Check-list of exotic imported plants traditionally sold in the markets of the Murcia region and their local indications

FAMILTP Common names Uses recorded Species

FEW§ ASPIDIACEE DryopterisJilinnas (L.) Schott. helecho macho - taenif’uge ANGIOSPEIbWIS ASTERACEE (COMPOSITE) Achillea millefolium L. miel en rama, milenrama - tonic for circulatory system

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Table 3 (Cont’d) Check-list of exotic imported plants traditionally sold in the markets of the Murcia regionand their local indications

FAMILY names Common Uses recorded Species

Arctium minus (Hill.) Bernh.lapa bardana, - depurative lnula montana L. &mica - vulnerary, stomachic Solidago virgaurea L. caiïa de Oro, palito de Oro, vara de Oro - diuretic, claimed to protect the liver BETULACEE Betula pendula Roth abedul - antirheumatic CANNABINACEE Humulus lupulus L. ldpulo - diuretic GENTIANACEg Gentiana lutea L. genciana - appetizer ILIACEE Ilicium verunt Hook. f. anis estrellado - carminative, digestive, appetizer, antispasmodic LAMIACEE (LABIATE) Lavandula angustifolia Miller espliego, lavanda analgesic Mentha pulegium L. menta poleo, poleo digestive, tranquillizer, analgesic, stomachic, antirheumatic Sideritis pusilla (Lge.) Pau rab0 de gato de monte expectorant, depurative, vulnerary LAURACEE Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garc. canela remedy for relieving of the high ex Blume respiratory tract, tonic for circulatory system, emmenagogue LEGUMINOSE Cassia senna L. sen laxative Trigonellafœnumgrœcum L. alholva, fenogreco antianemic, dermatologic, antidiabetic MONIMIACEE Peumus boldus Molina boldo claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue, lithotritic MUSACEE Musa x cavendishii Lambert cv. plfitano - astringent “Dwarf Cavendish” OLEACEE Frainus excelsior L. fresno for gout PIPERACER Piper nigrum L. pimienta anti-odontalgic POLYGONACEE Rlzeum ofSicinaleL. ruibarbo cholagogue and choleretic RHAMNACEE Frangula alnus Miller frangula analgesic SANTALACEE Wscum album L. muérdago antiseptic for urinary system, tonic for circulatory system SCROPHULARIACEE Digitalis purpurea L. digital tonic for circulatory system, toxic TLIACEE Tilia x vulgaris Hayne tila stomachic, sedative, tranquillizer UMBELLIFERE Curninum cvminum L. comino sedative, emmenagogue

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otic plants,for instance an ordonance was issuedfor the use of a According to the Spanish Medicament Law (COBREROS, mixture made ofgun powder, , thyrne and juniperto be 1991), traditional herbs san be sold in the markets and herb bumt in houses for preventing eontagious diseases. Special rem-stores, provided that these are toxicologically safe and no edies were sometimes provided to the Murcians by the royal medical advice or therapeutic indications are given with the Court of the Castille or Spain.This is the caseof the Mandeval‘s plant. Exotic medicinal species and their galenic presenta- Opiata, including quinine, whichwas released during the paludictions have specific requirements, which are similar to mod- epidemy of 1786 (TOWS et al.. 1981). One of the statutary ern prescription or patent medieines. In fact this Law is duties for the Royal Botanic Garden at Cartagena, founded mis-apliedby at since its promulgation day because the meaning the endof the xvmth century,was the inventory, collection and of traditional herbs is not clearly defined in its pages, and no cultivation of Murcian medicinal plants(FElXRhJDIZ, 1990). list of allowed taxa has been associated to the text. Tolerance The “polvos delas viborem” was a famousmixture involving is the attitude of medical authorities with respect to the market Eryngium cainpesrre, Echium vulgare, Alysutn spinosuln of exotic herbs but abuses are becoming a commonplace and and Calantintha ahcendens. This powder was a reputed rem- presumably restrictive attitudes will be the consequence of edy during the cholera epidemyof 1833. Also mint, juice of pin- repeated abuses. yons and olive oil were used in the treatment of the cholera The whole medicinal florais over four hundred taxa (Table 2) (TORRES et al., 1981; ALARCON, CUFBCA,AGUWREand being about a 70% wild plants and30% a cultivated. The ex- FOLGADO, 1834; Anonymous, 1834). otic species traditionally soldin the markets for medieinal pur- Local medicinal plants grow wild in the hins, plains and river poses (Table 3) are spices andherbs, their number is reduced bassins or are cultivated. Peasants collect themselvestheir me- when compared with the local resources. The more relevant dicinal plants but people of the larger tou7ns buy these very plant families in number of local medicinal species are often in specialized market stores. Some vendors own perma- Lmniacece (Labiatce)and Asteracece (CompositE)(Table l),this nent stalls in the Murcia City market placesof Verhicas, San reflects the high diversity of these families in the region. Lorenzo, etc. many herbalists called “yerberos” frequent the Dermatologies are the more frequent local indicationsfor herbal market places on particular days within the regional periodic remedies. immediately followed of vulnerary and diuretics. market systems. Traditional herbalists of Fortuna town (E. Other relevant uses because of being relatively frequent are of Murcia) have sold until recent times tfieir herbal prepara- stomachic, digestive, astringent, anti-infective, remedy for tions visiting their customers at home (JIMÉNEZ and toothache and remedy for influenza. The plants are highly PE&UUP?JM, 1992: CA-LO, 1990). specific in the folk medicine, about 50% have only one indication and 80% less than four indications.

PErnNCES Anonymous, 1834,Metodo para 21sar la yerba Ilanzada nzastranzos en la enfennedad del cdlera morbo, Berruezo, Olihuela, 2 p. ÀGUILA GUILLÉN M., 1988,Plantas medicinales de Sierra Espniia, Laboratorio de Etnobothica.Universidad de Murcia, 45 p. (InBd.). BARREDOA.,PÉFEZHER.NhEZF.,TOWROM.J., 1991, Us0 y conocimiento de las plantas medicinales en Yecla, Laboratorio de ALARC6N M., CUENCA V., AGUIRRE J., FOLGADO J., 1834, Avi- Etnobothica. Universidad de Murcia,61 p. (Inkd.). sos importantes que sobre la adulteracih de los polvos de las viboreras dan a las Juntas Provincial y Municipal de Sanidad de Mz~rcia,Murcia, CANO VELAZQUEZ J., 1990, Nombres vulgares y 11~0sde plantas Sebastih Hemhdez,29 p. (Javali).Laboratorio de Etnobotanica, Universidad de Murcia,20 p. (Md.). ALCAZAR M.D., GARCfAC., RIVERA D., OBdN C., 1990, Lesser- CANOVAS F., MARThEZ M., PELEGRfW A., 1994, Estzrdio known herbal remedies as sold in the market at Murcia and Cartagena Etnobotdrzico de Santomera, Laboratorio de Etnobothica, Universidad (Spain), Jozrnzal of Etlznopl~a~~acolog~~,28,243-247. de Murcia,50 p. (Md.). ALEMh F., 1987, El mal de ojo, historia, clinica y tratamiento, Ana- CARACENA J., 1988, Ettzobotddnica :Lus nombres populares de plan- les de Medicina y Cirugin de Murcia, 107-136. tas nzedicinales, Laboratorio de Etnobotinica, Universidad de Murcia, 65 p. (In6d.). ÀLVAREZ ROGEL J., ASENCIO MARThEZ A.D., SAEZ SOTO F., 1989, Phztas silvestres comestibles de Sierra Espzuïa. Laboratorio de CARRILLO GONZALEZJ., 1990, Lusyerberos de Fortzn~a.Laboratorio Etnobotinica, Universidad de Murcia.11 p. (Inkd.). de Etnobothica, Universidad de Murcia, 19 p. On6d.).

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Actes du 2e Colloque Européen d'Ethnophannacologie et de la1 le Conférence internationale d'Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.