ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 1 Number 1 (2013) pp. 57-68 www.journals.excellentpublishers.com Development of dynamic thematics for cropping pattern using GIS- A case study of Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India D.Kavitha and S. Aruchamy Department of Geography, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: WebGIS; Kharif season data; cropping pattern; GIS; Open source systems; Physiography; Demographic Details; Crop Combination Analysis Introduction Development of dynamic thematic for visualization tools and a cartographic cropping pattern using WebGIS is the toolbox to the user in a web-based energetic or force in actual operation. interface. Dynamic cropping pattern to create a crop production environment that is changing. The cropping pattern of a particular area Such mapping environments are now easier exhibits the effort of man to overcome the to create with recent advances in web climatic conditions in that area. Analysis of technologies and standards. The user can, Kharif season data showed that rice was the to a large extent, determine what single most dominant crop of the state. information is to be displayed and in what Cropping patterns are the yearly sequence context. This project aimed to provide data, of crops grown and the spatial 57 arrangement of crops. It is formulated Geographic Information System (GIS) a within view to obtain maximum crop set of tools for collecting, storing, production under a given situation. retrieving at will, transforming, and Cropping patterns are dynamic and changes displaying spatial data from the real world occur with changes in factors of production for a particular set of purpose , and the and physiological and social environments. Department of the Environment a system Modification made in cropping patterns are for capturing, storing, checking, always to drive the maximum benefit from integration, manipulation, analyzing and changed crop growing conditions. displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth , fall into this However, there is considerable variation in category. Those provided by Burrough the temporal profile of rice subclasses. This (1986,). was expected as there is significant variation in rice cultural practice leading to Cartography and GIS have both emerged as variation in crop variety, calendar and major capabilities on the web. Distributed vigor. The distribution pattern showed that maps are different from traditional static the two classes belonged to the irrigated maps in that they link information from areas and the difference arise from the crop various sources and provide a user-defined calendar. The profile of the rain fed environment (Crampton, 2001). wetland rice was different from the irrigated rice showing significant low value Open source systems and applications often peak. appear to offer significant benefits vis-a vis proprietary systems. Consider some of the The study of crop combination regions merits they compete on. First of all, open constitutes an important aspect of source products are usually free of direct agricultural geography as it provides a cost. They are often superior in terms of good basis for agricultural regionalization. portality. The products may arguably be The crops are generally grown in both more secure and more reliable than combinations and its rarely that a systems developed in a proprietary particular crop occupies a position of total environment. It has traditionally been isolation from other crops in a given aerial perceived that open source software is unit at a given point of time. often geared towared information technology specialists, to whom the The distribution maps of individual crops availability of source code can be real asset, are interesting and useful for planners, but proprietary software is often aimed at less it is even more important to view the sophisticated users (Hahn,2002). interrogated assemblage of the various crops grown in as aerial unit.For example Tiruchirappalli District is a Centrally the demarcation of India the rice and wheat Located in Tamil Nadu State. It comprises regions does not explain the agriculturally Three Revenue Divisions and Eight taluks. significant fact that very often the wheat The Pachamalai Hill is situated partly in region also have a nice crops and vice Perambalur District and Thuraiyur Taluk versa for comprehensive and other better and is the important hill in the District. The understanding of the agricultural mosaic Cauvery and Coleroon are the major rivers of an agro climatic region, the study of and there are other small rivers, which are crop combination is of great significance. contributed to the irrigation potential of the 58 district. Tiruchirappalli is one of the major an international airport. With river Cauvery districts of the state and it is centrally flowing in the district (Figure 1). located with an international airport. Alluvial sandy loam and loamy soil Administrative Division constitutes major portion of the Delta regions bordering the river. In Lalgudi, It comprises three Revenue Divisions and Mannachanallur and Andanallur Blocks, Eight taluks viz. Tiruchirappalli, loamy soils are predominant. In dry tracks Srirangam, Manapparai, Lalgudi, Red soil is predominant, followed by Black Mannachanallur, Musiri, and Thottiyam soil. which includes 14 blocks, 408 Village Panchayats and 1590 Villages. This district A detailed analysis about Development of consists of 4 municipalities namely dynamic thematics for cropping pattern Ponmalai, Srirangam, Thuraiyur and programmes with aid of the web technology. Manapparai. Tiruchirappalli is the only With the development of the space Municipal Corporation which is also the technologies, webGIS and remote sensing Head Quarters of the District . have been proved as useful tools for obtaining, saving, management, querying, monitoring and analyzing information of Physiography development of dynamic thematics for cropping pattern .To achieve the goal ,a Tiruchirappalli District is almost plain monitoring information system that is except for the short range of Pachaimalai dynamic, interactive was developed using hills in the North. It is not only an Inland WebGIS and remote sensing techniques. District without any coastal line but also most The aim of the present study is to provide centrally located district in the state. The District has no marked natural divisions. The how about "Development of dynamic thematics for cropping pattern using GIS it Bounded by Namakkal and Perambalur involves the Web application in cropping District on the North Thanjavur and Pattern using GIS a case study on Pudukkottai in the east, Sivaganga District, Tiruchirappalli District Madurai and Dindugal District in the South and Karur District in the west. It is not only an Inland District without any coastal line Materials and Methods but also most centrally located district in the state. The District has no marked Geographical Location natural divisions. The Pachamalai Hill is situated partly in Perambalur District and Thuraiyur Taluk and is the important hill in Tiruchirappalli District is a Centrally the District. The Cauvery and Coleroon are Located district in Tamil Nadu State, has an the major rivers and there are other small area of 4403.83 Sq. Km Stretching North Latitude: Between 10 00 and 11 30 East rivers, which are contributed to the Longitude: Between 77 45 and 78 50 . irrigation potential of the district. Altitude is 78m above sea level. The topography of Tiruchirappalli District is Slope almost plain except for the short range of Pachaimalai hills in the North. The general slope of the district is towards Tiruchirappalli is one of the major districts east. It has a number of detached hills, of the state and it is centrally located with among which Pachamalai Hill is an 59 Creating the Dynamic Thematics for Cropping Pattern Spatial Features And Thematic Parameters Stored in Database Import Shape files PostgresData into Postgresql Connector Form Handler Thematic Mapping Engine File Server Web Interface Web PHP Web Server Browser ApI Add Kml Header Get List of Indicators Technique Type Get list of Available Thematic Field Add Shared Add Shared Style(chorop Style(Bar) Polygon Make KML\ KMZ leth) document Image Generating the DownoadKML\ KMZ File KML File for Add Map Title and legend cropping Pattern 60 Figure.1 Location Map of the Study Area important one, which has a peak up to 1015m, located at Sengattupatti R.F. 61 Climate and Temperature Cauvery, i.e. Coleroon river, Koraiyar river, Ariyar, Malattar channel, The variation of temperature throughout the Uyyakondan channel also drain in this year exhibits hot and dry climate with high. district. Cauvery is one of the major rivers Generally, the region has a long spell of hot in South India and Tamil Nadu, which climate with a short spell of rainy season flows towards east. The Cauvery Basin and winter. Temperature is low during the extends over an area of 81155 Sq.km, month of January with average mean daily which spread across the states of Kerala, temperature of 28o C. The maximum daily Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. temperature recorded during the hot season in the month of May is 42o C. In Tiruchirappalli district, the river splits into two branches, the northern branch Rainfall being called the Coleroon (Kolidam) and the southern branch is called river Cauvery. The district receives seasonal rainfall from The river carries water from catchment September to December. The average areas of Puttanattam,Viralimalai, annual rainfall during the period from 2006 Malaikudippatti, Tennalur,Illupur, to 2007 is 842.60 mm, of which major Kalluppatti, Arur, Kulakkattaigudi, quantity of rain is received during the Keeranur and Thuvarankurichi. The Northeast Monsoon period from October to catchment area of river is 632 sq.km and December. Southwest monsoon generally the length of 75 km. Ariyar River rises in sets in at the beginning of June and blows Manapparai area from Pallivelli Mukku at with great force till the end of August. an elevation of about 700m. The catchment area of the river is about 832 Sq.km.