'Phone: F 1996. GLACIARIUM GOODWAY THE I C E SKATING RETREADS THE WORLD'S OLDEST 514B ELIZABETH ST. PASTIME (Opp. Victoria M arket). GUARANTEED Two Sessions Daily, 5 0 0 0 MILES. 3 and 8 p.m. Admission 2/2 Q uick Service. NEWTIMES Boots and Skates, 1/- pair. Vol. II. No. 30. MELBOURNE, FRIDAY, JULY 24, 1936. Every Friday, 3d New Zealand Labor's Great From time to time the New previously operated by the State Times has published accounts of Advances Department. "4. what has been done in the first ses- Guaranteed Prices: During the sion of New Zealand's first Labor first year after taking office the Ministry. For some weeks the Record Government will pay guaranteed Dominion Parliament has been in prices for all primary production. recess, but as it will reassemble in These prices will be fixed after a few days it may not be out of What Mr. Savage Promised—and negotiation with the representatives place now to summarise Mr. Sav- of each primary industry, and will age's performances to date and to be based on the average return to see how these square with the What He Has Done farmers over a period of, say, the promises he made in his pre-elec- past eight or ten years. Simul- regulation of foreign exchange trying to find markets for party will assist in writing and ad- tion manifesto. operations." taneously with this procedure the We shall quote the manifesto it- production, thousands of children ministering the following reforms into Labor party will negotiate trade self at some length: THE UNEMPLOYED. have been certified to be suffering the laws of the Dominion: agreements on a reciprocal basis from malnutrition and avoidable "1. State Control of Currency with the nations of the British THE PARTY'S OBJECTIVE The manifesto then went on to physical defects.. . . In addition "The objective of the Labor discuss various points raised in the and Credit: To ensure the maximum Commonwealth and other coun- to malnutrition, thousands of our utilisation of the resources of the tries for markets for the maximum party," it said, "is to utilise to the above clauses. On the question of people are inadequately clothed, maximum degree the wonderful re- unemployment it said this: — Dominion, the Labor Government will quantity of our primary products. "5. and housing accommodation is far make the Reserve Bank a completely Statutory Minimum Wages and sources of the Dominion— "The men and women today un- below normal health requirements. Salaries: (a) The immediate "First: For the purpose of re- employed are our fellow-citizens State-owned institution by the The remedy is to provide incomes purchase, at market rates, of the restoration of all wage and salary storing a decent living standard to who are out of work through no in return for service sufficient to cuts; (b), the institution of a those who have been deprived of fault of their own. They are en- shares now held by private persons, ensure that every man and every and thus ensure that the credit of the statutory minimum wage and salary essentials for the past five years. titled to employment at an adequate payment to all workers of a sum "Second: To organise an inter- living wage. Productive develop- nation shall be used for the benefit of all the people. sufficient to provide an adequate nal economy that will distribute the ment and useful work should be THE DAILY PRESS AND standard of living, such sum to be production and service in a way made available to all. Failing DEPRESSION. "2. Post Office Savings Bank: graded upward according to the that will guarantee to every person such employment, the men and The Labor party will safeguard the "Money is tighter." —"Herald" value of the extra skill, knowledge able and willing to work an income women should be paid sufficient to people's savings by extending the and experience of each worker. sufficient to provide him and his provide an adequate living standard finance editor, July 18. facilities of the Post Office Savings dependents with everything neces- "The banks' position is less liquid "6. National Health Insurance: for themselves and their depen- Bank and by removing the present The Labor Government will intro- sary to make a 'home' and 'home dents." compared with a year ago, and reflects restrictions on deposits. life' in the best sense of the mean- the tendency toward financial duce a national health insurance Discussing production and con- "3. Mortgage Corporation and State scheme to provide a health service ing of those terms." stringency as indicated by hardening Advances: The action of the sumption, Mr. Savage's policy of interest rates generally." for every contingency that may face MEANS TO BE ADOPTED. Government in setting up the Mort- speech laid this down: "The essen- —"Argus" financial editor, July 18. the ordinary citizen. After having "The quickest route to the ob- tial rules to safeguard the interests gage Corporation with private made a thorough examination of jective," the manifesto proceeded, ** shareholders has destroyed the of exporters and importers, pro- BUT NOT A WORD OF PROTEST the various reports from the British "is: — ducers and consumers, are: (1) AGAINST THE BANKERS' State Advances Department—one of Medical Association, the Hospital "(a) Guaranteed prices to far- That production must be allowed COMBINE, WHOSE MONEY the finest State activities that has Boards' Association and the special mers for the supply of primary to go on expanding so long as any MONOPOLY IS ALONE RE- operated in this or any other country. committee set up from the Public products sufficient to satisfy the important human wants remain un- SPONSIBLE FOR THE SUFFERING More than any other known Service to investigate a national internal and external requirements satisfied; (2) expansion of produc- OF OUR PEOPLE. agency, department or organisation health service, the Labor party of the Dominion. tion must not, as in the past, the State Advances Office, by its pledges itself to work in co- “ (b ) A statutory minimum wage threaten the producer with ruin; financing of land settlement, operation with the friendly so- or salary based on the sum re- woman can purchase for themselves (3) therefore, expansion of pro- and their dependents all the things development and house building, has cieties, the medical, pharmaceutical, quired to provide everything neces- duction must be related, through been responsible for a considerable dental and nursing professions for sary to an adequate standard of necessary for a decent living stan- the purpose of instituting a sound marketing machinery and in- dard." portion of the progress of the living. This minimum will be Dominion. With the reorganisation service that will: (a) Give every graded upward according to the comes, to simultaneous expansion of demand; (4) cut-throat competi- LEGISLATIVE POLICY. of the Dominion's production, citizen the right during ill-health to value of the extra skill, knowledge call in his own medical tion must be eliminated, and mar- The manifesto then set out in the State Advances Office or experience of the worker. could again provide facilities for practitioner, to consult and receive "(c) A national health and kets explored to find new demands detail the measures proposed in the services of specialists where for present and future production. order to apply the principles en- land development and house superannuation scheme to provide: building. The Labor Government required, and, by the reorganisation (1) Full medical, nursing and hos- "No more grave indictment has been unciated. "On the formation of the of our hospital system, to make levelled against the Government of first Labor Government," it said, will reorganise the Mortgage pital attention for invalids, together Corporation on lines similar to that available all other services that are with maintenance for themselves any country than the facts that "every elected member of the necessary for the restoration and and their dependents during ill- while the Government has been maintenance of health (b) extend health. This covers the blind, vic- the home nursing service so as to tims of miners' disease, and those Mr. Percy. F. G. Gordon, Chairman, provide all the attention necessary suffering from all accidents or Associated Banks of Victoria for mothers or other members of diseases, which prevent or restrict Dear Sir, families when it is not convenient for any person from working. (2) A It is really too bad that a gentleman in your position of exalted dignity should be so rattled as to feel it them to leave their own homes. The payment to widows to enable them necessary to rush into print in reply to an anonymous newspaper correspondent, and one who did not even Labor Government will provide the to maintain themselves and their mention the word "bank" at that. necessary laboratory facilities to children until the children are able For the benefit of many of our readers who will be unfamiliar with the episode, may we give the details: maintain the efficiency of the to earn their own living. (3) 1. Last Saturday, night, in a broadcast debate between Mr. John Cain, Labor M.L.A., and Mr. services, together with adequate Superannuation to all persons at Nelson, a Young Nationalist, the latter was incautious enough to admit that, while production could now payment to practitioners and others the age of 60 years. be looked upon as practically illimitable, the supply of money was very definitely limited. He did not, who carry out the work. The "(d) The reorganisation of our of course, indicate how or why. service will be available for every school, college and university sys- 2. The Melbourne ' "Sun” of Tuesday, in its "Fifty-fifty" column, contained the following letter, family. tem to provide the maximum facili- signed "Consumer": "During his Heckle Hour speech over 3DB, Mr. Nelson said, in effect, that "7. National Superannuation: ties for all children through kinder- there was no limit to the production of goods, which represented real wealth, but that the supply of money The Labor Government will pro- gartens to the university. was limited. I should like to ask Mr. Nelson and Mr. Cain, M.L.A., why money is so limited. Goods vide for the reorganisation of our "The attainment of these objec- cost money to produce, but it costs almost nothing to produce money. Surely it would not be inflation pensions system so that pensions or tives is dependent only on the or- to regulate the supply of money (credit) by the goods and services available in the country. Technical superannuation will be payable to: difficulties such as price regulating could be left to the experts and statisticians." ganisation of the Dominion's re- 3. Without giving Mr. Nelson and Mr. Cain time to open their mouths, on the following day, under the (a) All persons who through ill- sources to provide the necessary heading, “Financial Delusion,” you made this alleged answer: “Consumer repeats a delusion which is the basis health are unable to work; (b) goods and to organise the required of every so-called currency reform—that wealth can be created by creating money. It cannot, and the all widows and their dependents services. continual promulgation of the error menaces financial stability. Further, 'Consumer' is hopelessly at sea until they reach working age; (c) "The Labor party believes that when he refers to 'supply of money (credit)'. Money and credit are not the same, nor is either of them all persons who through war in- in and out of our Public Service synonymous with wealth." juries, war disability, accidents or the men and women are available We submit to you, Sir, that your so-called answer was dishonest, and that it begged the question—as is other disabilities are unable to work with the capacity and experience to very evident when the two letters are set side by side. To appear to reply to an issue while merely perverting it full time at their ordinary carry out the organising and ad- is a very ancient dodge practised by a certain type of newspaper controversialist who relies upon readers occupation; (d) all persons over ministrative work necessary to having forgotten just what was said the day before. Where, in 'Consumer's' letter, is there any the age of sixty years. achieve these objectives. suggestion that wealth can be created by creating money'? And when you suggest that the financial "8. Education: The Labor party, credit issued by the banks does not function in exactly the same way as any other kind of money, you are "A planned economy will be of trying to prove that black is white. after forming the first Government, little use if the Government has On the very same page of the "Sun" on which your letter appeared was an advertisement for the National will reorganise the whole not the power to carry its plans into Bank, headed, "Pay by, CHEQUE." Do you suggest that the National Bank or any other private bank in education system for the purpose of effect. Such power will require the Australia could honour the cheques of all its depositors with national money? Do not all the official returns introducing the most modern control of credit, which if it remains in show that the banks' deposits (which proceed from their issues of credit) have only a trifling backing of educational methods, to make the private hands, can be used to thwart the national money? Does it not therefore follow from your argument that the people's bank deposits are school life of the individual child will of the Government. The central not money at all? In which case the logical conclusion would seem to be that gentlemen like yourself should more profitable, happier and credit organisation must control the flow long since have been the guests of his Majesty’s gaols for fraudulent practices. healthier. This will entail an of credit, the general price level and the THE NEW TIMES extension of teachers’ training Page Two. THE NEW TIMES JULY 24, l936

facilities with larger staffs in our (the Primary Products Marketing schools, smaller classes, the extension Act) to guarantee a fair price to THE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT TO New Times of kindergartens, reintroduction of the the primary producer—for New right of entry to the five-year-olds, Zealand Labor is not merely the ABOLISH POVERTY better equipped schools and party of the industrial employee; it (BY NON-PARTY POLITICAL ACTION.) SHOPPING kindergartens, and a long-term plan The campaign to abolish also, needless to say, more finan- for new school buildings. recognises that the producer of GUIDE the nation's essential foods comes poverty by demanding results cial assistance. "9. Organised Employment: first in order of importance to the rather than methods from Parliament is rapidly developing throughout UNIFIED "ELECTOR'S PATRONISE THESE Pending the organisation of pro- community. And it legislated DEMAND" FORMS. ADVERTISERS. ductive employment, the Labor accordingly. The first guaranteed the Commonwealth. Reports from Queensland this week indicate that The form of Elector's Demand Their advertisement helps your Government will immediately in- price Act comes into operation on and Undertaking, which appears paper. Say you saw it in the "New crease the present relief pay. The after months of preparatory work below, is that issued by the head- Saturday of next week (August 1) in organising for co-operation and Times." Labor Government will organise and covers dairy produce. Mr. quarters of the Electoral Cam- productive development work, in- funds the successful launching of the Savage has announced that similar paign in Victoria. In some of SECTION 1 cluding railway construction, public campaign proper is now assured. the other States the forms used works, construction of necessary roads price guarantees will be given for Wynnum, always an enthusiastic ABBOTSFORD. show a slight variation in wording. and bridges in back-blocks, assistance other forms of primary centre, has actually begun its As space forbids the printing of HOLLINS, L. H., 405 Victoria St. to local authorities to advance works, production. canvass of the electors with highly Motor Repairs of All Kinds. J 2047. each form in full, readers of the fostering of secondary industries. The State Advances Corpora- encouraging results. To those who New Times in States outside AUBURN. One of the first steps of the Labor question the efficacy of the Victoria who wish to avail Government will be to ensure a tion Act followed, designed to pro- BLACK CAT LIBRARY and Ladies' vide the necessary finance for far- campaign Queensland says: "If themselves of the form appearing in Hairdrsr. 639 Burw'd Rd. Haw. 1779. full share of the national you find it difficult to believe that our columns are advised to do so, production to those who are willing mers to carry on and to improve and to forward it to headquarters their properties, and to enable the Parliament can really be made to BLACKBURN. to work. New Zealand's standard of get you what you want beyond any in their own State. A form "A" GRADE MOTOR ENGINEERS. living will be determined in New people to build homes. As Mr. possible doubt, remember that a identical for all States will Station Garage, Whitehorse Road Zealand by New Zealanders in Nash, Minister of Finance, said few months ago a thousand women probably be announced at an WX 1490. accordance with New Zealand's when explaining the Bill: "It is of Merthyr Tydvil and about the early date. HAIRDRESSER and Tobacconist. resources. only houses that make homes pos- same number of Sheffield men Ladies' and Gents.'. Wright, 122 sible. We are going to make it South Parade. "10. Secondary Industries: Taking brought about the almost complete into account the developments possible for people to build for reversal of the British Un- Victorian MOTOR REPAIRS, Straton's. Better themselves one house, the door of Service. Lower Cost. WX 2748. overseas in connection with agri- employment Assistance Bill in cultural and other primary products, which every person can shut, and eight days. This is what happens Campaign Notes BOX HILL. the Labor party considers it we are hoping that it will be of when even a few thousand people Box Hill Reports Successful CHAS. L. COX, TAILOR. Men's imperative that the markets for all such a size that there will be one express their will with sufficient Effort and Boys' Wear. 285 Station Street. products within the Dominion must be room in which every individual can clearness and determination. Although organised canvassing CHEMIST. F. Cheshire, For Your extended. The maintenance and be alone to realise himself or her- "The action of the Baldwin for electors' signatures to the Prescriptions. 270 Station St. improvement of our standard of self to the full." Government in Britain when the Parliamentary form appearing CYCLE SHOP and Oxywelding. living, if imports do not expand in Consider the meaning of these wrath of a nation was aroused by below will not commence for a "Alwin", Station St., South of Rly. proportion to the population, can three Acts, and ask yourself when the Hoare-Laval peace proposals week or so, successful efforts DRESSMAKER. Mrs. Evans. only be accomplished by fostering has any Australian Ministry done further demonstrates quite have already been made by two Station Street, opp. Baptist Church. such secondary industries in the as much in its whole lifetime? definitely how politicians react to workers in this d i s t r i c t last ELECTRICAL & RADIO. Holliday. Dominion as can produce com- But the "gentle Savage" Ministry concerted public opinion. President week. The District Supervisor, Opp Stn. Sales, Repairs. WX2677. modities economically. The Labor has already done a great deal more. Roosevelt's statement that 'a Mr. Miles, reports a 70 per cent, FURNITURE REMOVERS. Government will therefore give An extensive programme of badly politician's business is to yield to success from these two go-get- Gill Bros., 254 Station St. WX2073 every encouragement to the re- needed public works has already ters. Here is proof that signa- G. JARVIS, GREY TAXI. pressure' provides an effective organisation of existing industries been put in hand, and meantime the answer to the oft-asked question, tures are obtainable in sufficient Day and Night Service. WX 1665. and extension of manufactures numbers to be effective, provided GROCER, W. M. Anderson, 14 Main unemployment relief scales have 'How is a member of Parliament to within the Dominion. been considerably increased, with we have the workers. Will other St. WX 1233. be kept to his promise?' and is an districts emulate Box Hill? HAIRDRESSER and Tobacconist. L. "The policy will be conditioned additions to the income exempted admission that politicians are from reckoning for relief purposes, Middle Park. Larsen, Station St., opp. Gilpin's. by: (a) Maximum utilisation of ready to obey the voice of their Canvassing commenced in this IRONMONGER & SPORTS STORE. research, knowledge and mechanical as part of the "ready-to-hand" masters, the electors, when that district during the week. No Frank P. Park, 10 Main St. WX1290. inventions; (b) reduction of hours measures of the Government. A voice speaks with sufficient force figures are yet available, but if MARS LAUNDRY CO. WX 2662, of labour; (c) guaranteed minimum Conciliation and Arbitration Act and clarity." the enthusiasm of those respon- Pick up & Deliver. Quality G'teed. wages and salaries." has been passed which, amongst The Queensland Abolition of sible is a measure of success, en- RADIO & ELECTRICAL, Foster's, other matters, makes provision for Poverty Campaign has its head- couraging returns may be con- W'horse Rd. Hotpoint Agent. WX2581 A REALISTIC POLICY a forty-hour week. A Fair Rents quarters at Room 14, Second fidently expected. STATION MOTORS. Rennie's Taxis. Act has been enacted to give pro- Floor, 142 Adelaide Street, Brisbane, A. Hulme, Motor Engineer. WX1946. The outstanding impression tection to those who need it, pend- and Queensland inquiries should be DELICACY! TAILOR, J. G. Penson, 227 Station which this programme must make ing the building of new homes. "It is apparent, from the expla- upon any fair-minded person is its forwarded to the Campaign nation given by Mr. Lyons, that ne- Street. Suits Hand Made from 95/-. Time has not yet permitted actual Director, Mr. A. B. Smith, at that W. A. MOODY, 1014 W'horse Rd. realism and its commonsense. "The legislation for the restoration of gotiations between the two Govern- address, for the plan of organisation, ments" (Australia and Japan) "have Fruit, Vegetables Delivered Daily. attainment of these objectives is wage and salary cuts, but these not yet ended. The delicacy of these WATCHMAKER and Jeweller. dependent only on the organisation have been generally restored as instructions to supervisors, and negotiations makes it necessary that Barnes. Station Street. Repairs. of the Dominion's resources." . . . from July 1, in accordance with general information. Pledge forms they shall be conducted under dip- "Production must be allowed to go the Prime Minister's request to may be obtained from the same lomatic cover." CARNEGIE. on expanding so long as any im- that effect, and his announcement address at £1 per 1000, post free, —"Argus" editorial, July 20. P. A. McWHINNEY, Grocer, Con- portant human wants remain un- that in the coming session a Bill and pro rata for smaller "Cover" is the word, since it de- fectioner. Opposite State School. quantities. Slogan labels, to be notes that there is something to hide. satisfied," but "must not, as in the will be introduced making the re- Meantime, the poor, undiplomatic past, threaten the producer with storation retrospective to that date. affixed to parcels, letters, etc., are Japanese are telling their people CITY. also available in attractive colours ANNOUNCING Naytura Cafe Health ruin." . . . "New Zealand's stan- Other Bills are in preparation to quite candidly all that is happening. dard of living will be determined give effect to the balance of Mr. at 4d per dozen. More district But Japan has not yet learned the Service & Store. Free dietetic advice. supervisors and rank and file Western arts of democracy. 300 Lt. Collins St. C 5001. in New Zealand by New Zealanders Savage's policy speech. ATTENTION! Naytura Hostel. Vege- . . .." The thought is in terms of workers will be welcomed—as tarian Guest House. Accom. State humanity and of physical and THE FUTURE? mental resources; nowhere is there & Inter. Guests. Haw. 74. Throughout these fruitful months BLINDS of every sort. Car curtains a hint of any limitation through lack of financial resources, though the Government has kept in the repaired. T. Pettit, 235A Queen St. closest touch with the people. Par- CAKES, PASTRY, etc. Home Made there is the full realisation that finance has been used as a weapon liamentary debates have been ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN "Clovelly," The Block, Elizabeth St. broadcast, and Mr. Savage (unlike Cent. 255. by enemies of the people in the BELOW is the form Parliamentary electors are being asked to past. Hence, "such power will re- Mr. Lyons) has taken every op- COLONIAL BUILDING CO., 465 portunity of keeping the people's sign. Please read it carefully, sign (if you have not done so Collins St., MU 1930. Call for free quire the control of credit which, if already), and send it (1d. stamp) to: THE PEOPLE’S MOVE- it remains in private hands, can be confidence by giving them his. As booklet on home building. he said last month, "the people MENT TO ABOLISH POVERTY, Room 8, The Block, ELIZA- DAVIS, 568 Bourke St. Royal used to thwart the will of the BETH STREET, MELBOURNE, C.1. Medal Milkers, Separators, Engines. Government." should know exactly what Parlia- DOUGLAS SOCIAL CREDIT ment is doing and what the Govern- On November 27 last the people ment proposes to do." Another WE WILL ABOLISH POVERTY BOOKSHOP. 166 Lit. Collins St. of New Zealand by their votes in- DRY CLEANING & REPAIRS. point of pleasing dissimilarity be- structed Mr. Savage to put his pro- tween the two men is Mr. Savage's Elector's Demand and Undertaking "Saville," Leonard House, Eliz. St., gramme into effect. How has he 5th Floor. ready admission that both he and 1. I know that there are goods in plenty, so that poverty is quite tackled the job? What has New his Government are liable to make unnecessary. E. E. DAVIS, Bookseller, 201 Bourke Zealand Labor, never previously in St. Latest Books on Current Poli- mistakes. More than once he has 2. I want, before anything else, poverty abolished. office, done in the few months said publicly that he not only be- tics, etc. since? 3. I want, too, national dividends distributed to me and every GINGER JAR CAFE, 238 Flinders lieves this possible, but he looks Australian so that we can buy all we want of the goods that are Lane (4 doors from Swanston St.). ACTION. on it as highly probable—adding now destroyed and the production that is restricted. Best 3-course meal in city. It began by attending to an ad- that he hopes neither he nor his 4. These dividends must not increase prices or taxes or deprive JAS. JENNINGS, 211 Queen St., and ministrative matter of urgency— Ministers will be so foolish as not owners of their property or decrease its relative value. 6 Regent Arc. Optician, 73 years the distribution amongst the de- to admit and learn from their 5. In a democracy like Australia, Parliament exists to make the est. Testing Free. stitute unemployed of New Zea- own errors. will of the people prevail. MAISON MERLIN, Natl. Bank Bldg., land of a sum of money which New Zealand, before it becomes 6. So I pledge myself to vote for any candidate who will undertake 271 Collins St. Ladies' Hairdressers. gave them the first happy Christ- the ideal State, has yet obstacles to support the abolition of poverty and the issue of national NORGROVE'S, Brassfounders, 355 mas they had known for years. dividends and to vote consistently against any party trying to P.O. Place. Nameplates, stencils, rub- to remove and hurdles to get over. Then it got to work upon its From the physical side there is put any other law-making before this. ber stamps. 7. If the present M.P. here won't undertake this I will vote for OPTICIAN, A. C. Gaddes, MU 1582. policy. Naturally, the first major little doubt of its success. From act was that designed to make pos- the accounting or monetary side some other party, and keep on changing until my policy has been State Savings Bank Arcade, Eliz. St. achieved. O.S. FROCKS & Coats. Mod. Prices. sible financially what the Ministry certain technical steps are yet neces- Kelleher's, Block Court, 3rd Floor. knew was easily possible physically. sary before it can be said with PRINTING. E. E. GUNN. Off 600 Lit. And so, by the Reserve Bank safety that money has become the Signed ...... Bourke St. Cent. 6021. Amendment Act, the power to servant instead of the master. But QUICK SERVICE TOBACCO thwart the will of the people was in view of the sound common Signed...... KIOSK, Equitable Place. Buy your taken out of private hands, and sense thus far displayed by the Smokes here! control over financial credit and Ministry there is every ground for Address...... TAILOR, Dependable Suit for 130/-. monetary policy was restored to believing that these steps will be P. Whitcroft, next Newspaper House. the representatives of the people taken. Meantime it can truly be Note. –Further forms may be had on application to the Peoples Movement TAILOR, High Class; H. upon whose real credit all said that New Zealand in 1936 is Stackpoole, Leonard Hse. 44 Eliz. financial credit is based, and the most interesting region in the to Abolish Poverty Box 621, Melbourne. St. Cent. 5268. without which finance has no world, and certainly the one (Continued on page 3) meaning. holding out the greatest hope for (Signatures will be treated confidentially.) After this came legislation humanity. JULY 24, 1936 THE NEW TIMES Page Three.

7%. (U.S. Committee on Recent better, and even to the point of THE NATIONAL DIVIDEND—AN Economic Changes.) "making work." One imagines that It is such facts and considera- only a short time is required for ECONOMIC NECESSITY tions such as these that move the this alternative to break down; New Times Pope to liken the world's present for, among other things, it is plight to a second Flood, the Arch- already standing on its head. SHOPPING By MAURICE COLBURNE, in "New Democracy," New York. bishop of York to declare that it is THE EFFECTS OF A "a turning point in history," and NATIONAL DIVIDEND GUIDE the President of the British Insti- Any discussion of the national fact among precisely those forces There remains the alternative of tution of Mining and Metallurgy to PATRONISE THESE dividend falls under three head- and circumstances which led first to the national dividend, which is the Great War and then to the state in his presidential capacity ADVERTISERS. ings: its economic necessity; its fi- that "we are face to face with some- quite a different story. According Their advertisement helps your nancial possibility; and its moral Great Depression. Yesterday it to the philosophy of Social Credit, paper. Say you saw it in the "New was the fashion to pile international thing entirely new in human ex- justification, or the philosophy be- perience." Thus, the prelates and unemployment is not temporary Times." hind it. conference upon international but permanent, and, it is to be conference. Quite a number of industrialists—but the statesmen of Now while it is only with the the world are silent. Not one sign hoped, gloriously increasing. It is SECTION 2 first and last of these three aspects them were necessary before it was happily "incurable" except by such (Continued from page 2.) found that the primary problem of has any Government yet given, that we are concerned at present, it either by word or deed, to show a national disaster as war, for un- DARLING. would clearly be folly to discuss the age could not be escaped, much employment is not a disease but a less solved, by sending on halfway- that it is even aware of the true ESTATE AGENT, J. W hite, 1 Illowa St. them if there were not some assur- nature of the new phenomenon in release, not a tragedy but a triumph. ance, in a more or less overwhelm- round-the-world trips just those Henry Ford says: "The function UY 6521. very "experts" who are responsible its midst. On the contrary, every ing degree, that a national dividend piece of legislation in every of the machine is to liberate man ELSTERNWICK. was financially possible. This as- for the world's mess, and whose only from brute burdens and release his H. L. SERCOMBE, Pty. Ltd., 70 interest lies in returning the world country on the subject of un- surance can be found by anyone employment treats it, to date, energies to the building of his in- Glenhuntly Rd. Dairy , Produce who takes the trouble to read the to the state which produced that Specialists. mess: in other words, to making as though it were a temporary tellectual and spiritual powers for RADIO & ELECTRICAL SERVICES. growing literature on the subject. boil on the body economic and, like conquests in the fields of thought But even so, in view of the fact the world Safe for Foreign Invest- Mackintosh's, 72 Glenh'tly Rd. L4588. ment, with all the latter's germs of a boil, to be poulticed with pallia- and higher action." Rightly seen, that the red herrings on this sub- tives. unemployment is one of the mea- ELWOOD. ject are now in full spate, it is prob- Debt and War. The conferences THE DUCHEY LIBRARY, 3 Or- having happily failed, however, the sures of that release. We stand to- mond road. New Books W eekly. ably expedient to make here the THE ERRORS OF THE DOLE day as it were upon a bridge; be- following assertion, quite categori- nations withdrew into themselves, and today are busy piling national It would not be inaccurate to de- hind us is the sweat of living, be- FAIRFIELD. cally, for the benefit of those still scribe the various palliatives now fore us is the art of living; or, if BUTCHER, 93 Station St. Arthur B. unacquainted with what are called palliative upon national palliative. Heath Solicits Your Patronage. The N.R.A. the C.W.A., and the in operation through the world as you like, behind us Scarcity and the New Economics. A national "doles" in one form or another— before us Plenty. This new Pro- dividend is financially possible, be- C.C.C. are samples, and are paral- FITZROY. doles, for instance, for which work mised Land that stretches at our FRISBY, T., 17 Smith St. Press Tool cause in every modern industrial- leled in other countries by similar legislation; the German labour is extracted in return, doles for feet flows with milk and honey, but Maker. Jigs, Tools and Fixtures. ised community there exists a com- which no work is extracted, doles Stampings to the Trade. munal wealth whose capital appre- camps, the British dole, and so on. it is neither a Biblical tale nor a Now, while we can all endorse which come out of private purses mirage. It is solid ground, of our FOOTSCRAY. ciation has never yet been mone- and doles which come out of the tised or even (officially) computed, the moral courage, rectitude, fer- own discovery and making. Shall BOOT REPAIRS. A A. Taylor. vour and whatnot of the instigators public purse. Now a dole of this we not inherit it? If we do not, Station Ramp, While U Wait Service. but which can, the moment we say kind has nothing whatever to do the word, be computed and mone- of these schemes, it seems to an we shall remain what we are today, MASSEY'S GARAGE, W'twn Rd. impartial onlooker that they can- with a national dividend. It is im- that joke of Olympus, a living para- The Home of M otor Reconditioning. tised and distributed; and that, portant to realise this. The dole moreover, without resort to either not possibly succeed until their dox of poverty in the midst of GLENFERRIE. inflation or taxation, without any authors have faced what is prob- plenty. And we shall have none OPTICIAN, W W. Nicholls, 100 ably the major phenomenon of our but ourselves to blame. The na- Glenferrie Rd. Haw. 5845. form of confiscation or expropria- "RIDDLED WITH SIN." tion or nationalisation, and without time. I refer to the gulf between tional dividend, of course, is one SUITS TO ORDER from 70/-. A. "The whole of this community is Sutherland, 184 Glenferrie Rd. bowing either to fascism on the one the volume of production and the riddled with sin, and, speaking as of the practical means of passing hand or to Sovietism on the other. volume of employment. Wide now, a doctor, I say it is undermining the over and inheriting the Promised IVANHOE. In short, without any -ation or -ism, there are two paramount points to health and the morale of people in Land. BOOT REPAIRS. J. Fraser Solicits Your a national dividend could be de- notice about this gulf. The first is all directions." Some of the immediate effects of Custom. 130 Upper H'berg Rd. clared today, because "whatever is that the gulf is ever widening, every Thus Dr. F. G. N. Stephens, as a national dividend distributed, let UPHOLSTERER. Blinds & Bedding. new invention, every fresh techno- chairman of the Crusader Union of Duke's, 111 Heidelberg Rd. Ivan. 626. physically possible is financially N.S.W., at St. Andrew's Cathedral, us say, to every qualified voter can possible." For details—vide the logical improvement, every further Sydney, on July 18. He added that be summarised as follows: KEW. textbooks. labour-saving device widening it. Australia had been so wealthy and 1. Taxpayers would be complete- ANDERSON'S, 141 High St. Authorised Of the other two aspects of the And the second thing to notice is so comfortable that as a community ly relieved of all "relief" taxation, Newsagent. Haw. 1145. subject let us begin with the first, that the gulf widens not only in it had become slack. now becoming progressively bur- B. McNAMARA, 113 High St. Haw. bad times but in good, in prosperity If the doctor were to consult some 3785. Newsagent, Stationer and and see whether a national dividend of his co-doctors who are not pious densome. is necessary before we bother to as well as in depression. Now, Library. then, is it possible to solve the prob- humbugs, he might learn that the 2. Similarly, the accumulation of C. KENNEDY. Grocer. Haw. 229. find out whether it is morally de- occasions of sin in Australia arise debt incurred through loans and Opp. Cemetery Clock, Parkhill Rd. sirable. lem upon the completely false as- far more from grinding poverty and E. WHITE. sumption that it is a temporary one, grants, etc., for "relief” purposes, 109 High St. insecurity. Why does he not turn would cease. Confectionery and Smokes. THE ALTERNATIVES. and that the gulf will disappear to- the lances of his crusaders against FLORIST, "Mayfair," Haw. 1452 The economic necessity for any- morrow when the clouds have those who wickedly impose such 3. Men would no longer have to Cotham Rd., near Glenferrie Rd. thing depends, of course, on how rolled by? conditions, and who operate the burden themselves with having to GIBSON'S, High St., opp. Rialto much or how little we like the al- It is absolutely essential to be devil's machine guns which are rid- judge between the "deserving poor" Hosiery, Underwear and Aprons. ternatives to it. To the national clear about this widening process dling the people? and the undeserving. Who in truth KEW DRY CLEANERS. Agent, dividend there are only two alter- before proceeding. can tell which is which, all things A. I. Fraser, 182 High St. Haw. 3733. considered? LADIES' Hairdressing, Hats, etc. natives, and I do not think we shall is no part of the New Economics. Burnie Salon, cr. Cotham Rd. and like either of them at all. THE SATURATION POINT Rather it is part of the stiff price 4. There would be no premium Mary St. One alternative is to smash the OF LABOUR we are apparently prepared to pay on idleness, since all, working and M. J. MARTIN, 157 High St. Haw. machine, making a thorough job of to try and keep the Old Economics workless alike, would receive the 3794. Shoe Store, Shoe Repairs. it, and return to the hand plough For some hundred and fifty from breaking down altogether. dividend. WICKERWARE and Repairs. Pram Renovations. L. Pavitt, 294 High St. and spinning-wheel; in short, to years the machine threw men out There are three things wrong 5. No stigma, no shame would scarcity; and simultaneously to of work, but always it managed to with a dole. There is a stigma and a MALVERN. evolve some other machine or in- attach to it. electrocute or in some way effec- sense of shame attaching to it; it FROCKS & KNITWEAR To Order. L. vention or industry (the automo- 6. On the contrary, the mere tively discourage all our best en- puts a premium on worklessness declaration of a national M. Fairbrother, 241 High St. (& 55 gineers, inventors, scientists, tech- bile and the radio, for instance) (since only the workless receive Koornang Rd., Carnegie). which re-absorbed the discharged dividend would tell the world nologists and the rest, and prevent it); and, thirdly, and worst of all, that the U.S.A., Inc., was a NORTHCOTE. them from ever, ever doing it workers and took up the slack. In it has to come out of our pockets, Stuart Chase's neat phrase, "The solvent concern. GR AY & JOHNSON, Pty. Ltd.. again. This seems a rather foolish yours and mine, whether through Leading Land and Estate Agents. 742 and wasteful, not to say blasphem- total firing rate did not exceed the 7. For the first time in history charity or taxation. We are the labour would encourage labour- High St., Thornbury. ous way out. It should surely be total hiring rate over the whole Peters who are legally robbed to kept as the very last resort of all, period." But around 1920 some- saving devices, because the interest SPRINGVALE. save the Pauls from starvation. of labour, as of every citizen, would DAIRY, M. Bowler. Buckingham Ave. for it admits black defeat. Besides, thing utterly strange began to hap- Now precisely because of the it is hardly practicable and would pen, and by 1928 it appeared be to increase the dividend, and that R. MACKAY & SONS. widening of the aforementioned could come about only through na- General Storekeepers. UM 9269. be messy in the extreme. More- incontrovertible that industry gulf between production and em- over, none counsels this course, as tional capital appreciation, i.e., in had reached saturation point as far ployment this programme cannot be WILLIAMSTOWN yet, except Thibet's only newspaper, as human labour was concerned. creased industrial efficiency. DON B. FISKEN, Baker. 122 Douglas which, weighted with either the ac- carried beyond a certain point. 8. The prostitution of industry Parade. It is important to stick to these Moreover, not only is the army of cumulated wisdom of the East or to "making work” instead of to DUNSTAN, DAIRYMAN. years, and not to impinge on 1929 jobless Pauls steadily increasing, else sour grapes, recently diagnosed making goods would cease. 28 Station Rd. 'Phone, W 'town 124 and subsequent years, because then but neither the pockets nor the the troubles of Western civilisation we shall have under our lens only 9. Perhaps most important of all patience of the taxpaying Peters is WINDSOR. as being clue, quite simply, to the most prosperous period of the immediate results, in view of Pre- "wheels." Nor have any people in inexhaustible. There are, after all, E. COOKE, 49 Chapel St. W in. 8044. High most prosperous and highly- such things as taxing a person out sident Roosevelt's declared aim and history ever pursued this course developed nation on earth, and will Class Butcher (Cash). outside the imaginary inhabitants of existence, the law of diminish- desperate effort to raise consump- not be able to blame the depression ing returns, and killing the goose tion to the level of production, of Samuel Butler's Erewhon. Per- for such facts as the following: — sonally, I want to live neither in that lays the golden egg. On the would be the infusion of additional Thibetan fashion nor in 1. The drop in the number of other hand, if the increasing sums purchasing power into Consump- Erewhonian. On the contrary, I factory workers in the U.S. be- required are raised by loan instead tion direct, instead of pumping it, enjoy the conveniences and tween 1923 and 1928 was approxi- of by taxation, and we cannot re- as now through the channels of READ comforts, the products and services, mately 1,250,000 persons. "(U.S. pay the loan, what is that but liv- Production, where it defeats its the wonders and possibilities, which Department of Labor.) ing today on tomorrow's income? own end by leaving behind it a "SOCIAL the machine brings me. I want the 2. Factory Is that "sound finance”? trail of costs all of which have to billion and more horses which Employees Production be recovered, if industry is to re CREDIT" 1914 100 100 This, then, is the second alternative mankind has created in the last confronting every community main solvent, in prices. hundred and fifty years to be 1919 129 147 operating today in this, the new Economic necessity is a phrase, OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE tamed and harnessed, not to be 1924 116 158 which, I suppose, in reality begs SOCIAL CREDIT shot down in cold blood because at power age: to continue to regard 1927 115 170 unemployment as a passing disease; the question. The national divi- SECRETARIAT, LTD. the moment they appear to be in (Mr. Evans Clark in the New dend is not a question of necessity: danger of throwing us. York Times.) to continue attempting to cure it by 163a Strand, London (Chairman, gradually impoverishing the Peters, it is a question of choice. Before Major C. H. Douglas). The second alternative is to through increasing taxation, in order we make our choice between the continue on our present course 3. Between 1900 and 11920 the output three alternatives, however, let us to cope with the growing aggregate Authoritative News and Views of the and pursue it to the end, hoping of agriculture, mines, railroads and of the needs of the Pauls; and, ask ourselves which of the three it will take us out to the wood; factories combined increased 70%, and finally, to continue to insist that the seems best able to face not only World Movement for Social Credit. and take us out, moreover by a the number of workers 40%. Between only honourable claim to bread the present but also the future, if Subscription Rate 11/- (sterling) for circular track so that we may 1920 and 1929, however while the shall still be “work” even when One Year may be obtained from the find ourselves back again in not with omniscience, at least output of these same four industries there is no useful work to be done, with some knowledge and Douglas Credit Movement, Block “sound finance,” the “good old increased 25%, there was a decrease in days,” the “status quo,” and in and even if there is work to be assurance of which way the wind Arcade, Elizabeth Street Melbourne. the number of workers of more than done, when the machine can do it is going to blow. Page Four. THE NEW TIMES JULY 24, 1936

question now exercising governmental minds is, what to do AFTER FOUR YEARS next? On the one hand the Cabinets of the Commonwealth and The "Economist" (June 6, 1936) Describes a Meeting of Statesmen at least the three most populous in 1940. States consider it essential to legalise the powers, which have "A slowing down of the rate ishly passed it on to the Economic been declared unconstitutional. On of building might in the ordinary Advisory Board. I got fourteen way lead to considerable unem- different reports. And the dia- the other, they appear to doubt ployment in the building trade, grams! They looked like the blue- whether the people, if appealed to but do not let us forget the enor- prints of a new pocket battleship. by referendum, will hold the same mous defence programme which One fellow proved that if you views—which is rather a sardonic the Government are going to dropped sixpence down a drain and commentary on our supposed de- launch, which will occupy all the failed to report the matter to the Central Bank, you set up a cumula- mocracy. available labour in the building trade."—Mr. Neville Chamber- tive process of deflation, which While the politicians and the lain in the House of Commons, ended with everybody out of work. lia are deliberately setting out to lawyers are furrowing their brows May 20, 1936. I was so intrigued that I sneaked 9-*9-*3*<9.2*83*<9.2*8 out one night and threw half a inflict upon us again the frightful in search of what appears to them "Well," said the British Foreign a satisfactory solution, it might not crown into the Thames, just to see Published every Friday by New Times ruin and misery they caused a few Minister, "the purposes of this what would happen." Pty. Ltd., Elizabeth House, Elizabeth years ago. Today's course is merely a be amiss to point out that the whole meeting are clear enough. As you "Well! what did happen ?" and Little Collins Sts., Melbourne, C.1. all know, the armaments pro- mechanical part of the so-called scheme on which their formulae are "We had the best year on re- Postal Address: Box 1226, G.P.O. grammes have done the trick as far trade cycle, whereby any little burst based is not a solution at all. What cord. No, let's stick to armaments. Melbourne. governments are looking for is the as the economic problem is con- They're the only public works that of financial prosperity—even to the cerned. None of us, I think, can legal right so to control marketing go over. Everyone agrees that Telephone: M 5384. limited and sectional extent of the report unemployment greater than of the primary produce, which is building roads and houses is ex- last year or two—must be followed two per cent. But with the disap- largely exported that every pro- travagant, but building battleships by financial depression. Above all pearance of economic grievances stimulates business. I can't under- Vol. 2. No. 30. ducer will get a fair deal. This, most of the political trouble has things the banker must dread what stand why. But there it is. Life's FRIDAY, JULY 24, 1936. according to them, presupposes that vanished as well; and the pacifists he calls a boom. Such a condition good all round at the moment, and prices realised overseas will not are already agitating for sweeping particularly so for us leaders. Why, reductions in military expenditure, implies that the community will show producers a fair return, and even rear-admirals purr like cats tend to carry more legal or visible which will let the whole thing nowadays." Bank Figures Show the object is to ration local market- down. We must keep the pot boil- money (notes and coin) in their ing and local consumption in such "Yes," said the German Chan- Further Deflation ing and that means a fresh process cellor, "and they like to take all pockets and tills, and also that they a way and at such a price that what of exacerbation. I suggest for a will leave bigger deposits in their the credit. Von Schlacht of the The figures published by the is lost on the roundabouts may be start that our esteemed German Staff tried that with me the other current accounts for potential colleague should compose a few trading banks in Australia showing recovered on the swings—that day. 'Look here,' I said, 'I can spending. From this it follows that bellicose speeches and '. . ." their averages for the quarter every producer will get a fair share easily put out a sequel to "Mein the banker's risk of being requested "Now, why in heaven!" burst Kampf" and call it "A Recanta- ended June provide ample proof of of the Australian market, meaning to carry out his contract to supply out the German Chancellor. "I beg tion." Where would you be then? the deflationary steps, which have the Australian prices. cash for deposits when asked in- your pardons, but why should I Out on the back of your ears.' That been forecasted in the New Times That every producer should get creases at the same time as his very get the sore throat every time?" shut him up." since last year. Comparing the a fair return for his efforts needs "Well, then, Chancellor," said limited supply of such cash becomes "Come, come, my dear Adolf," March with the June quarter, the no argument, but the methods said the British chairman, "you the chairman, "can't we have a real still more limited. The banks' cash average figures disclose that dur- hitherto adopted to ensure this are know you do that sort of thing so contribution from you?" reserves today - - including both ing the latter period current ac- open to the gravest objection. much better than the rest of us." "What can I do?" expostulated their legal tender money and their the Chancellor. "I can't tell the count deposits have fallen by £5 Take first the fixing of a home "Well, without false modesty, I'll Commonwealth Bank deposits and admit that. But a man's entitled people they're starving. They're millions (from £114 millions to consumption price. Price is a Treasury bills, which are convert- to some relief." fairly oozing with butter." £109 millions), while fixed deposits matter of money; hence it should ible into cash—amount to £55.8 naturally follow that any investiga- "My clear Chancellor," said the "That's precisely the point," said have increased by £3 millions (from French Premier, "I suggest that the chairman. "They will be millions, as against £58.6 millions tion of unsatisfactory prices to £178.8 millions to £182 millions). you make a demonstration on the starving unless we keep the in March and £62.6 millions a year producers would begin by an exa- The effect of this is, of course, to Austrian border." munitions going." ago. So the pointer is set for still mination of the money available in take money out of circulation, the "How you would like to land us "All right, then," said the further deflation, particularly in the hands of consumers. But with that place!" retorted the Chan- attracting of current into fixed de- Chancellor. "I don't mind doing view of the shortage of London where has this been done in the cellor. the heavy stuff while you English posits being a deflationary device on funds to pay toll to the bondholders past? If, say, it was found that "Well, bother it, you don't expect put out the cant, which is your the part of the banks, and resulting our banks to finance them up to and the absentee landlords. the local price for wheat was too particular forte. But you ought to in a temporary cancellation of all the day of judgment. The place is work at it. You're such a lazy low to enable the farmer to carry such sums. It is technically true to say that German all right and naturally in crowd. Look at Baldwin. He the banks, however much they on, did our Wheat Commission in- your sphere. You used to howl cleared out at the first During the same period the debts might wish us to be prosperous, are quire how much money was dis- enough about that in the old days." opportunity, and sends me a of the public to the banks have gone compelled by the limitations of their bursed to the public through the "Good!" cried the chairman, de- postcard every spring, blethering lightedly, "that's the right spirit of about apple blossom in the Eve- up by almost £4 millions (from own business to inflict deflation production of wheat, and was there- £258.5 millions to £262.4 millions). recrimination. Now that's precise- sham Valley. Don't forget that upon us. But though this may ab- fore available to be returned to the ly the sort of row we ought to Hence, if the banks tighten the Benito and I had to do the whole solve them from a formal charge wheat grower to recoup his costs? have in public." thing off our own bat in '36." screw by calling up overdrafts the of willful murder, it does not ac- By no means. All that has been "Look here!" said someone, "I think we are in fundamental public have now £5 millions less quit them of the crime of being done in this and similar instances "can't we all switch over to roads? agreement," said the chairman. with which to pay £4 millions more To me a battleship is a floating either accessories or criminally is to try and ascertain producers' "What about you, Duce? You than they owed three months ago. platform on which a number of haven't said anything." negligent, since they undertake the costs and then, without any consi- Against this it may be said that men spend their time saluting a lot "I don't talk," said the Duce, "I policy with a full knowledge of its deration as to whether the costs of other men. A road is a fixed the increase in bank advances act. And whenever I act, more results. When the banks create fi- were distributed as purchasing platform on which the same men, proves that the banks are not call- has to be spent on armaments. nancial credit by giving overdrafts power or merely allocated, blithely dressed as automobile scouts, could Malta, Cyprus, Egypt, Sudan, ing up overdrafts. But it must be to fix a home consumption price or salute the other lot as they go by they contract to redeem the result- Palestine, Somaliland, Aden, remembered that an accumulation to levy a tax to suit. In the case in cars." ing deposits with legal tender. As Kenya! They've all had their for- of interest which debtors were un- of the primary necessities, of course, "Now, for heaven's sake, don't tifications doubled in the last four they do not possess this legal ten- let's go into that," said the chair- able to pay would go a long way the experiment was more or less years." der, and have never done so, their man. "I posed the same problem to account for the increase in ad- successful. People who wished "Splendid!" said the chairman. main anxiety is to escape being myself a few years ago and fool- vances shown, and which over the to continue living had to have ______"Well, that's all settled. We'd bet- found put. And so depressions ter go out separately and put on last six months amounts only to bread, and so they bought it. But are deliberately engineered for this a grave face before the reporters. £1½ millions. From June 1928, to either the butter or the jam or purpose. Nor shall we ever be free their own produce. And if we do By Jove! I can see our Sunday June 1932, bank advances in Aus- something else had to be spread papers. You talk about cant, Herr from them as long as the banking not buy what they have to sell we tralia appeared to increase by £3½ thinner, or done without altogether. cannot expect them to do the Kollege. Wait till you see the usurpers are allowed to issue and millions, but current account de- So that one industry prospered impossible and give us a fair price leader, which starts off 'Let us clear cancel financial credit at their own our minds of cant,' and then posits decreased by £30 millions, only at the expense of another, or for our exports. sweet will, and independently of the empties out three columns of it on and fixed deposits by £10 millions. if all together appeared to be do- So that both the home price problem community's financial needs, based the public. Well, then, till to- We are now seeing in operation a ing reasonably well at any time the and the prices realised on our exports night. We can all slip up to the upon its production of real wealth. similar process of lessening the reverse side was seen in a rapidly come back to roost, not on the little restaurant on the lake and community's means of payment con- growing national debt. marketing perch, but on the addled celebrate." currently with increasing their Turning to the export market, eggs of a rotten monetary system. debts to the banks. The Privy Council why should it be necessary for our Put into the hands of the butter and our sugar and all sorts Australian people sufficient It does not necessarily follow Decision and money to buy at fair prices both of other things to be sold at a loss? FREEDOM AND THESLUM from this that the banks in Austra- our primary and our secondary pro- Prices Surely this could only come about PROBLEM duction, and you automatically en- through one of two causes—either Except in the case of Attorney- able the realisation of a fair home Mr. J. F. Hill, the principal of THE PRINTED WORD General Menzies, there appears to people overseas did not want our price, as well as greatly extending the Melbourne Boys' High in School, will take the chair at the be a general upset and confusion produce (in which case it was silly the home market. At the same Pamphlets, Booklets, Leaflets, following the Privy Council's up- to be producing it at a loss), or meeting arranged by the Council Weeklies, Monthlies, Annuals, time, by removing the main hind- for Civil Liberties at the Kelvin Newspapers, Magazines, or holding of Mr. James's appeal in they, too, were unable to pay a rance to foreign trade, you make connection with the Dried Fruits Hall on August 5. The speakers Books fair price for it. We know that it easy to negotiate overseas treaties will be two of the other vice- case. And even R. G. Menzies the first cause has not been the presidents of the Council, Dr. EXCELLENTLY AND may feel the well advertised at satisfactory prices. ECONOMICALLY correct one. We have proof daily There is no other solution—unless Dale and Mr. Eugene Gorman, PRODUCED brilliance of his legal that the second cause is the real K.C. qualifications somewhat you regard as such the present crux—in the case of Japan, for A charge of 1/- will be made for By tarnished, though he has concern for farmers of a Federal 7+($'92&$7(35(66 instance. Our farmers expect to be admission. Tickets are obtainable substantial consolations in the Cabinet, which has just dealt our from the Hon. Treasurer, Miss M. 309-319 LONSDALE shape of his trip abroad, his paid for their produce in Australian most valuable exporting industry Bayne, 100 Tooronga Road, Upper PLACE MELBOURNE advent into literary society— money. Our customers overseas can the greatest blow, it has ever Hawthorn. A limited number will be Phone 6831 (3 lines) and his 2000 guinea brief. The get our money only by selling us received. available at the door. JULY 24 1936 THE NEW TIMES Page Five

security—we understand that Mr. Frawley, in spite of cuts, still gets Unemployed Should Not Have Large about £430 a year—even if many of BOARD OF WORKS A BANKERS' the same "fools", previous to their BAILIFF. unemployment, helped to provide Estimates of the Melbourne and Families! the goods and to pay the taxes Metropolitan Board of Works for which kept him in that security. 1936-37 assess revenue at £1,867,605, But has this Department of Labour and expenditure at £1,992,593, leav- official ever bothered to read his ing a deficit of £124,988. Of the VICTORIAN LABOUR DEPARTMENT AS A revenue, interest will absorb own departmental reports? If he £1,288,000, or 13/9d in every £1. has, he must know that the wage Management and maintenance MATERNAL ADVISER paid to most of those now charges are estimated at £278,000, unemployed never made any or 3/- in every £1. WHAT ARE THE GOVERNMENTS VIEWS? provision for saving, never So the Board of Works, like most provided for more than a bare others of its kind, is now acting principally as a tax gatherer for the For years past, and particularly "EVERYBODY WAS LIVING concrete, that we must be sparing in subsistence. What hypocrisy, then, private bankers who create and lend since the depression, there has been BEYOND HIS MEANS." the building of houses? What to blame his less fortunate fellow- the money which the nation should growing a noticeable undercurrent shortage does this diagnoser citizens for not saving. Moreover, issue. Here is how Mr. Frawley, as re- discern at the end of his period of such as had positions which gave of hostility between the general ported in the Essendon Free Press, public and their own Public Ser- alleged extravagance? some margin for saving, and who diagnosed the cause of the depres- found themselves put off during the vice. The position of members of "We found we had thousands of of a mother who has borne eleven sion: — depression, were compelled, as he the Service as tax gatherers in a unemployed who had saved no little Australians—which of itself time of ever growing taxation is "What was the cause of the de- money." So the depression, after also knows very well, literally to pression? People in every sphere should entitle her to freedom from probably largely the cause, and it all, was a lack merely of money— eat up their little capital before all economic worries? Do they may have been added to by their of life have an answer to that ques- of money, which itself costs prac- becoming eligible for sustenance. tion, but I believe that the cause feel proud to hear that a govern- sectional claims for restorations of tically nothing at all to produce! ment departmental officer in a re- salary cuts at a time when so many was that everyone had been living Now, if there is one elementary "WHY DID SHE HAVE beyond their means. The Com- sponsible position is apparently tak- of the community have either no feature about money which Mr. CHILDREN?" ing it upon himself to advise either salary at all or no measure of eco- monwealth had been feeding the Frawley and others like him should White Elephant of Canberra; State But even this callousness was not abortion or birth control? And nomic security. It is unfortunate try and understand before they be- that, under the excuse of poverty that this cleavage should arise, and Parliament had been spending six gin to take the platform on finance, sufficient. Mr. Frawley displayed or seven million on public works; sympathy. Sympathy! Listen to in a country whose major problem for two reasons. One is that it is it is this: Money is no longer a is alleged to be the disposal of sur- unfair to the Service, and that it farmers bought extravagantly; city concrete commodity. We have long him: — people built houses without regard plus goods, he should seek to abolish blinds the public to the very high passed out of the stage of cow children rather than the undesirable for the future; land jobbers ran money. We have almost passed "I sometimes feel sad when I see degree of efficiency and courtesy so many children being brought up and unnecessary circumstances generally displayed by a body of riot; everybody was living beyond out of the stage of token money, his means. Suddenly we discov- and we are already in the stage under such undesirable circum- which deny them a fair start in men and women who for the most stances. To illustrate what I mean, life. part are grossly underpaid. The ered that we had been living in a when it is recognised that money is paradise that essentially belonged a function, an accounting process let me tell you this before I discuss If such citizens of Victoria as other is that this antagonism tends more serious aspects of the matter. to create a bureaucratic body hos- to fools. In 1928, 1929, and worse relating to the production and con- may read this are satisfied, we shall still in 1930, we found that we had sumption of goods. Money, as any A woman of 40 with eleven chil- be greatly surprised. For our own tile, or at least indifferent to the dren, the oldest of which was 14, people, and therefore ready to serve thousands of unemployed who had rudimentary excursion into finan- part, and even leaving out any cial textbooks should reassure the came to see me one day. In con- question of morals or human rights, the Fascist ends to which our des- saved no money and were unable to support or help themselves. The archaic Mr. Frawley, mainly comes versation 1 told her that I could we fail to see why, in a country, tinies are being shaped by our hid- into existence as a banker's book whose leaders are crying out for den masters. State then instituted compulsory not understand why she had so unemployment tax," etc., etc. entry denoting the production of many children when her husband population, that which is hailed as It is therefore the more regret- Could you imagine a man in a tangible goods. And likewise it was without work or money. a virtue in the wife of the Prime table that certain individuals within position that would be supposed to goes out of existence as a similar 'Well,' she replied, 'if you were Minister, should be a matter for re- the Public Service who occupy require at least average intelligence book entry in another column de- me you'd understand—I have my proach to one of her sisters. responsible positions should speak putting forward such views in noting that what was produced has hubby at home all day.' " We propose to send a copy of or act in such a way as to promote been consumed. Or, to put it in a 1936? Admittedly a lot of us were We apologise to our readers for this to each member of the Vic- this tendency. An example, and a parrots enough to echo this nonsense still more elementary way, bankers grant overdrafts to finance produc- Mr. Frawley's coarseness. We torian Ministry with a covering let- very unpleasant one, was provided when we first heard it six or seven ter inquiring whether the State last week by an address given to tion, and when the goods are sold rather think we ought to apologise years ago, but even the Niemeyers Government supports Mr. Fraw- the Essendon Rotary Club by Mr. would think twice before putting it for consumption the overdrafts are for his existence. But we do not repaid and the money disappears— apologise for reprinting what he ley's action in endeavouring to dis- F. Frawley, officer in charge of the out today. One wonders has it pose of the unemployment problem sustenance branch of the Victorian ever occurred to Mr. Rip Van the books are ruled off, which is as uttered, since he began his address it should be. by saying: "Imagine me as a com- by exterminating it, and if not Department of Labour, who took Winkle Frawley that everyone whether it will take steps to restrain for the text of his discourse the Keeping this in mind, and keep- pany secretary reporting to you, the cannot live beyond his means ing in mind that our depression the sustenance department from subject of unemployment and sus- unless the nation as a whole is shareholders, the results of your such activities in the future. In tenance. crisis has been one of unsaleable undertakings." consuming more than it is and not of scarce goods, Mr. Fraw- due course we shall acquaint our Had Mr. Frawley been content producing? And when, in modern ley's plaintive outcry against the One of those results is Mr. Fraw- readers with the results. to relate what his department has times—even during the war—has "thousands of unemployed who ley, with his views as above. Do Meantime, such of our Victorian done, all might have been well. But any nation done that, least of all have saved no money" is shown up the citizen shareholders of Vic- readers as think that the unem- he was more ambitious. He also Australia, whose problem before, in all its childish absurdity. Since toria feel proud of this part of their ployed should still be left the right set out to diagnose the cause of the during, and after the years he refers every additional shilling saved undertaking? Do they feel proud to have children without govern- depression and to disclose to his to has allegedly been one of surplus means a further shilling's worth of to hear that one of their paid ser- mental interference might acquaint hearers his own attitude towards production? People built houses goods unsold somewhere, it is evi- vants takes it upon himself to delve the members of Parliament, their the unemployed. And in so doing without regard for the future! Was dent that had the Frawley cure-all into and question the marital affairs servants, with their views. we suggest that this official of the ever a man more thoroughly been taken previous to 1928 we Department of Labour showed him- mesmerised? What future has he should merely have had the depres- self unfitted to hold any responsible in mind? Does he envisage a time sion correspondingly earlier. post in any branch of the Public approaching when we shall find On top of all this, of course, as Service. ourselves without bricks or tiles or Mr. Frawley would find out if he NO TURNING BACK undertook a little mental labour himself, even the spending of all We in the Front Line have gone over the top. Will you our money would not suffice to keep sacrifice us and our willingness to serve the Cause of Humanity? LIFE AMONG THE HOPELESS away those modern depressions There is no turning back for us. We have embarked upon a VII. By E.C.B. which spring from unsold or un- bold and ambitious Expansion Campaign, so that Victoria can distributed plenty, the reason being make up the leeway, build on her foundations, leap ahead, and "The depression is over."—Public Service Advt. that the production of goods is not make Social Credit a live issue to every citizen, and in every It was not a very exclusive cafe. The principal attraction was accompanied by an automatic pro- corner of this State. the firm's specialty—a "hot pie and tea" for four pence. About a duction of the quantity of money What have you done so far to help this Campaign? How dozen customers were seated at the tables, eating a meagre required for their effective distribu- breakfast and sheltering from the cold, biting wind and rain. have you, your friends, your branch, responded to the tion. And in this connection the Loyalty Appeal? Two decent-looking youngsters came in, wet and shivering, their action of Federal and State govern- hands and faces blue with cold. Neither of them wore an ments in borrowing additional new overcoat, and their suits, perhaps, had once looked smart. They money from the bankers to pay for What We Are Determined To Do looked around the cafe, obviously searching for some more fortunate public works or White Elephants Make a success of the Conference on August 8, in the friend who would buy their breakfast for them. They caught the eye (or even Mr. Frawley's own estim- Nicholas Hall, Swanston Street. —You are wanted there. of someone they knew. able services') at least postponed the Make a Monster Demonstration in Show Week. —You, "Ah, there, Snowy!" depression and the problem of and everyone else, are wanted there. "Hello! Had your breakfast?" destitute unemployment. Had the Extend John Hogan's great crusade into every corner of "No such luck," the two chorused. Federal Government issued this Victoria, waking up the slumbering Power of the People, inspiring "Well, pinch a cup each—there's some tea in my pot," said money instead of borrowing it we young and old alike to the action that is so urgently required—to Snowy. "Sorry I've finished my pie." need have had no depression at all. Demand Results. Soon the trio were chatting together. The warm tea stimulated THE BUREAUCRAT. Capitalise his efforts with an efficient and serviceable their hopes, and they talked eagerly of jobs "when things get Headquarters and staff; consolidating and linking up the better.'' So much for Mr. Frawley's dis- organisation he leaves behind him. Unnoticed by them, a young girl entered, and, after a play of financial erudition. On that Prepare adequately for the prospective visit of the Dean of moment's hesitation, stood smiling behind them. score, however, he may have been Canterbury, so as to ensure its success. "Hello, mugs! Had your breakfast?" she asked. so busy setting other people to work Be prepared for anything. as not to have had time for any "Sure, Kitty. Just finishing," said one of the "mugs." more severe mental labour himself "Ooh! Don't tell stories!" Kitty's face dimpled as she than lecturing to Rotary. But the What You Are Called On To Do smiled reprovingly at them. "Listen, kids, I've got two or three really objectionable aspect of the Provide the ammunition—raise the ammunition. Realise that bob—let's all have breakfast." bureaucrat was displayed in his Central activities are vastly more important than local efforts There was silence for a moment. Then one of the lads stood mental attitude towards those for now—that it is as a National Movement that we shall succeed. up. "I'll be going along," he said. whom his position should have Write in immediately to Mr. G. Trenoweth, State Organising "Don't be silly—I'll shout," said Kitty. bred sympathy and compassion, and Secretary, for books of Loyalty Receipts, from 1/- to £1 You're a good-hearted girl, Kitty, but I know—how you on whose behalf one should have each (£1 conveys Life Membership of Movement if desired) had to get that money. I couldn't------" his voice choked. "I'm not a expected him to raise his voice in and get out with them, getting in funds and ammunition, ----- righteous indignation. especially from those who have never yet contributed anything. Kitty’s hand went to his arm. She looked straight at him. “I know.” Make the public pay—but be loyal yourself when the She said. “I hate myself too. But gee! We must eat. Mr. Frawley began to reveal himself when he inferred that emergency call goes forth. Sit down!” those unemployed who had saved “Good-bye,” he answered. Into the rain and cold marched Sir no money were fools. This is an THIS IS AN EMEGENCY. £1 NOW IS WORTH £10 NEXT Galahad In Rags. easy pose coming form one in his YEAR. COME ON; INTO THE FIGHT. NO MORE The other lad stayed. sheltered position of economic STANDING OUTSIDE AND WATCHING US DO IT. Page Six. THE NEW TIMES JULY 24, 1936

handicrafts, the overwhelming mass WORK, ST. PAUL, AND THE LABOR will consist of men who for mentally or physically defective, or evidence that the environment has another's profit do dull and soul- the morally deficient, who desire not been constant limitations and re- destroying work— spending their to do something useful. Even the pressions of the inborn. Man is PARTY lives in making parts of a product unpleasant tasks would be not naturally wicked, and it is By BRUCE H BROWN or in tending a machine." He sought after by those whose not for us to judge how humanity went on to say that he quoted St. capacity lies only in that direction. will react to individual freedom Paul because he believed him to and security. It would seem that character could easily be overcome state the fundamental law upon WHAT OF THE YOUNGER current ideas in this respect are Twelve months ago a prominent by making them the best paid in- GENERATION? erroneously based on observations Labor member of the House of which a community must stead of the poorest paid. organised. "Unless the obliga- But, it may be argued, you men- of the reactions of men in an en- Representatives addressed an im- vironment of thraldom and in- portant gathering of Melbourne On the question of human nature, tion to labour is universal, some tion only those who have a fixed what was it that made him wish will avoid work and will live upon habit of employment. What about security. How different a man businessmen, and actually argued the community. Paul tells the must feel walking about a city with against the giving of economic to be a Member of Parliament, in those of the younger generation who addition to being a successful busi- community to exclude anyone who have never formed such a habit? £10 in his pocket as compared with security to the masses. I was will not work. He says that he his feelings when his pocket is present as a visitor and took the ness man? Was it the extra money, The only young people we know the esteem of the community, or and his fellow visitors to Thessa- empty! He would be quite a dif- matter up with him afterwards. lonica toiled with their own hands, to whom employment is a merely the opportunity to exercise some voluntary undertaking are those ferent person, and yet this difference His opposition was based on the power? Whatever the reason, thou- not because they had not the right is only a mere fraction of the dif- to abstain from labour, but to be termed the "idle" rich, and in their belief that men would refuse to sands and thousands of others are case we see that not only do they ference between what men are and undertake the dangerous and dis- similarly imbued, even though they an example." He could not imagine what men could be. worker A accepting the obligation find employment, but seem to have tasteful tasks of society unless they may not achieve the same degree a preference for employment in- THE RUSSIAN POSITION were compelled to do so; and that, of success. It is quite certain, for to labour for an employer when B, C, D and E could stay at home do- volving bodily exertion as well as consequently, if economic security example, that I would not retire an element of danger, such as hunt- To say that the difficulty of hav- were given as the monetary reform- from my present position if ing the garden, building fowl- ing no one to do the unpleasant houses, or engaging in some other ing, steeple chasing, yachting, row- ers propose, an ordered community national dividends were introduced, ing, boxing, speed-racing, moun- tasks arose "even in Russia" is but it is probable that in such a form of self-chosen, self-satisfying hardly convincing substantiation life would be impracticable. He exercise. "Russia's struggle," he taineering, aviation, and so on. case I would not approve of my that similar difficulties "are bound admitted that there would probably said, "has been a struggle with the These activities may seem to some be little difficulty regarding work daughter continuing her employ- of us more like useless pastimes, involving no personal danger or ment, as I would feel that other but to the people under discussion of a more agreeable type, but pro- families might have greater need YOUR RIGHTS they are employment pure and MORE PROSPERITY. fessed grave concern about the for supplementing the dividend. To simple. And how many of the Shareholders in Francis Longmore other kind of work. He also a large extent a system of national (a) My right to life now de- and Co. have agreed that— pends upon the possession of rich men's sons voluntarily enter dividends would automatically take the clergy, the army, the navy, the (1) Preference dividends will be EVEN IN ST. KILDA! women out of industry. What a money. reduced by one-third from July 1 (b) My right to money de- diplomatic service, and the like? of last year; Dr. Blanche said she found that reflection it is on us men that our None of them are compelled to (2) Arrears of preference dividend women and girls are forced into pends upon the sale of my bodily 52 children out of 89 had defective energy—mental or physical. work for economic reasons, but to that date, amounting to 45 per teeth; if they had been examined the slavery of factories when we they do, and they do it simply be- cent. will be settled by taking the, by a dentist it was probable that are capable of producing sufficient (c) But bodily energy is equivalent of 25 per cent, in new fast becoming ''unsaleable," cause—and notwithstanding the preference shares and foregoing the 60 or 70 would need attention. for them to be absolutely free and ideas we may cherish to the con- Tonsils required attention in 21 independent. A fraudulent money each unit of horsepower balance; cases and 27 were under average trary—human nature demands that (3) Ordinary shareholders will system is the only obstacle. Was equalling the energy of 10 forfeit 50 per cent, of their capital— weight. human bodies. normal man shall do something. there any shortage of candidates Idleness as a general rule comes about one-third of this being repre- —Report to St. Kilda and Bala- (d) The world is being en- sented by the new issue to prefer- clava Free Kindergarten, July 14. for Parliament when membership from compulsion, not from desire. was honorary? And is there any riched with a diminishing ence shareholders, and the balance At the annual meeting of the In any case, are we not making by writing off. Kindergarten it was stated that shortage of candidates for muni- demand for the "labour"' of the main hindrance to its success- cipal honours today? human beings. a bogey of this human nature? ful work was lack of money and (e) The "unwanted," Very few "leaders" are tackling the inhuman nature of the banking to arise" here. Was Russia ever interest on bank overdraft. THE FUTURE OF "WORK." having no rights, become a paradise? Was it ever ahead of paupers or beggars, and the and financial class who forge the Even if we assume that his view world's money and inflict so much other countries in development? quoted St. Paul in support of the unpurchased bounty of God is Have they a system of national claim that work must in every case was right, how and where is destroyed. needless suffering and poverty. Is "work" to be found for every it not presumptuous for one set of dividends there, which makes that be the medium through which in- (f) Consequently human be- country suitable to quote as an come is received—i.e., that no man man? Millions are already unem- ings are regarded as redundant. persons to worry themselves about ployed and we are told that mil- how another set of persons would example in the present discussion? should receive an income unless he Marriages are increasing. Is it not true that Russia has not works for it. Indeed, he went so lions will always remain unem- Births are declining. A human react to improved standards? For ployed. Is that because of the example, he would not thank me yet overcome the problem of scar- far as to say that we must hold soul is the dearest treasure of city, whereas we for some years the threat of starvation over a man absence of compulsion? It is true, the Heart of Christ. Before He for being concerned about his re- of course, so far as Australia is actions, or for trying to prevent have been faced with the problem in order to force him to work came, a man was a thing. To- of distributing the plenty? And is concerned, that if only our govern- day he is valued (a) as a his having the opportunity to re- Subsequent events have shown ments had the "finance," there "is act. His very life proves that his it flattering to the Australian work- that other prominent members of seller of personal energy, an ers' intelligence and standard of work available for quite a number obsolescent commodity; ( b ) reactions would be healthy, and he the Labor movement hold similar over quite a period, but when we does an injustice to the masses education to use Russia's struggle views and that they are likely to as a soldier; (c) as a voter. get our water, sewerage and light whom he is supposed to "repre- following the Czarist regime as an be aired at the Adelaide Conference A man's right to his unearned argument that our workers under- systems extended throughout the increment of association is a sent" when he assumes that their commencing on July 27. In these country, and the railway gauges reactions would not be healthy. stand only the crude incentives of circumstances it may be interest- Divine and human right. Volun- made uniform, even these avenues Human nature has two parts— rewards and deprivations? ing for the delegates, and for Labor tary poverty is a virtue. Com- will contract. What then, especially pulsory poverty in the midst of the inborn and the reactions to As to St. Paul again, his de- supporters in general, to know with machinery developing so environment. The former is the claration is being overstrained, even what took place between us. plenty is a curse due to regard- rapidly in the meantime? And if ing man only as a worker and Creator's responsibility. The latter to the extent of misrepresentation. In my first letter to him I pointed machines continue to displace not as a child of God. is probably the more important, and If my correspondent would read out that the dangerous and un- labour as they must, and wages as far back as we can go we get the whole of the chapter he must pleasant tasks are becoming fewer are thus cut off because the men —P. J. Hands in the and fewer; that, with the develop- are not "working," how is the pro- Catholic Times. London. ment of processes, the time will duction of the machines to be dis- come when they will be almost posed of unless we find some new human nature of her workers. She eliminated; that the factor of dan- means of distributing money? has had to apply for the time being ger has never proved a deterrent, the crude incentives of reward and but that on the contrary many ST. PAUL'S DECLARATION deprivation which they understand have renounced comfortable livings and to which they respond." He to embrace what we would call In regard to St. Paul, was it finished his letter with this: "A dangerous occupations. Tasks seriously contended that the condi- Socialist Society offers, as its in- termed "unpleasant" are invariably tions when he made his declaration centive, the incentive of a common the most necessary, and this in it- were in any way comparable with benefit resulting from a common self is a good reason why they t h e conditions today? That effort. Even a Socialist Society should be placed higher on the was an age of scarcity and work finds that to men bred under honour list and why those who per- was an almost universal necessity, capitalism that incentive is insuf- form them should be the most highly but the work available today is ficient. It has to devise new forms respected. History is full of only sufficient to occupy the able- of the old 'pleasure-pain' incen- evidence that honour and respect bodied men of the world between tives." have always been impelling forces, the ages of 25 and 45 years, and A CONTENTION NOT and that the exhibition of bravery working for only 16 hours per BORNE OUT does not depend on the material week at that! St. Paul had not His reassertion that there would rewards for it. Apart from this, the faintest conception that one be difficulty as to practically every however, any dearth in the supply man in this State sitting at a class of worker only further of labour for the few remaining switchboard would control power weakened his position. His own jobs of an unpleasant or dangerous performing "work" equal to the personal case (and mine) illus- labour of more than a million men. trated the fallacy of the conten- If machines are labour savers, as tion. He was provided for by the "I LIFT UP MY FINGER AND I they are claimed to be, why should proceeds of his business and I by SAY ----" we not accept them as such and re- my salary; yet both of us have "The Australian Woolgrowers' arrange our ideas so that the human voluntarily sought still more work, Council continued its deliberations toilers can get their full share of which, perhaps, the majority would on the Japanese question today, and the "saving"? If we do not re- categorise as dull and uninterest- this afternoon, in conjunction with shall ing. What is the universal com- the National Council of Wool selling arrange our ideas then we Brokers of Australia, met the Prime have the disordered state of society plaint of the man who, while re- Minister. about which he appeared to be so taining his faculties, has been re- "After a long discussion, and in fearful. The position is really tired from service or business? view of the information disclosed to Simply that he lacks useful em- the meeting, we appeal to all wool- becoming so clear-cut that we must growers to refrain from any hasty either admit the facts or "commit ployment. Did the former Deputy decisions or utterances." ourselves to a series of puerile Director of Posts and Telegraphs —G. Dalziel Kelly, chairman of absurdities." at Sydney, who recently retired on the Woolgrowers' Council and direc- a pension, do something against tor of the "Argus." July 17. Replying to the foregoing, the human nature when he sought The Melbourne “Sun” adds: gentleman concerned contended and accepted a position on the “Neither the Prime Minister nor again “that there would be difficulty these organisations would give any Broadcasting Commission? And information about the nature of as to practically every class of work the retired policemen who the deliberations, and all agreed to performed by the wage worker, and become watchmen, or private continue the policy of silence.” that while there may be a negligible WHY? Is Australia a detectives, or hotelkeepers? It is democracy, or is it not? number of wage workers who will against human nature not to continue, as employees, to exercise work, and it is only the JULY 24, 1936 THE NEW TIMES Page Seven.

concede that the words referred to abundance and that there is no more necessary than an answer to have no application whatever to longer any problem of production. those which he raised: The three THEY DID AWAY WITH MEN the point at issue, and it would be It is not a question of rearranging fundamental questions are:— appropriate to read also the Pope's the distribution of the existing (a) What is the objective of an authoritative references to this money, for even if that were ap- economic system? For the Female of the Species Was Less same passage in his Encyclicals. St. portioned equally between us it ( b ) ) Is economic work the end Paul did not enunciate a funda- would mean an income of only 30/- of man? Deadly than the Male mental law, but even if he did his per week (and that is the very best (c) What is the purpose of a By YAFFLE, in "Reynolds News." words were inspired by the condi- that taxation could do), whereas money system? our present production is capable of Much of the difficulty in grasp- Last weekend I fell asleep in "But there was another way by tions of his time. St. Paul never the train, the natural result of which men played into the hands of saw a dynamo or 500 looms need- giving us an income of £20 per ing the true implications of Social women. Being an extinct male," ing only two attendants! As a week per family if the quantity of Credit arises from a confusing of reading newspapers. When I awoke, the train was just continued the lady, "you are prob- matter of fact, on the basis of the money were increased to equate the technical and the moral aspects ably not aware that the male was conditions existing today even St. with prices. Some human beings of the present and the proposed entering Victoria Station. Ap- proaching the barrier, I saw that the unpractical sex. It was man's Paul would be thrown out as human must do tasks incidental to produc- economic orders. Indeed, and I habit to pursue theories and inven- scrap, as his "work" at tent tion, but the number of these will say this kindly, the attitude he the ticket collector was a woman and that all the other passengers tions irrespective of their practical making would not be required. No become so comparatively few that adopted in this respect is more in utility. one would want to "hire" him. they will eventually fall into a class keeping with the attitude of the were women. They were all very tall, and they all stared at me. "In this way, men had been mak- Regarding the opinion that to be envied. age-long oppressors of the people. ing experiments with Sex-Deter- worker A would not accept the ob- And what is the proposed To confuse the issue by introducing "Half a mo," said the ticket mination and the reproduction of ligation to labour for an employer national dividend but "a common irrelevancies, to say nothing of the collector, "are you a man?" the species by bio-chemical pro- when B, C, D and E can stay at benefit”? Anything outside that stress laid upon them, will never "More or less," I replied. cesses. For a long time they had home and do the garden, it rather common benefit will be common to assist the "working class" to get "Lummy," said the ticket played with the idea that the labora- seems that that could happen only the effort expended, and there is freedom and uplift, but will assist collector. tory might replace the man for under the existing arrangements. It no need whatever to devise new the class which seeks to keep them At this, the crowd of women breeding as well as other purposes. is actually going on today, and it forms of the old ''pleasure-pain" under orders, or, as he preferred pressed closer round me. I became Women adopted both of these for is going on, because A is compelled incentives. That idea is barbaric. to say, under "compulsion." The embarrassed. "Haven't you seen the purpose of abolishing men. to do it. Under the suggested sys- How many of his own personal objective of any economic system a man before?" I said. "The Parliament of 1986 had tem he would not be "compelled" acquaintances would regard a is to produce goods and get them "No!" cried several of them. only one male member, and that as he is now, but he or someone national dividend as sufficient for distributed to the members of the "I have," said one. "Once In Parliament finally abolished male else would be doing the labour, if their own and their family's needs? community, not to be a system of Africa." suffrage, man being classified as a it were necessary labour, of his What on earth is the use of having coercion. "Isn't it sweet?" said a nice little destructive animal. thing about 6ft. 8in. own choice, being actuated by his a universal obligation to work if WHY TODAY'S FINANCIAL "Such men as remained were work capacity or the desire for work is not universally available? "Mummy, buy me that!" said a confined for menial domestic tasks, gain. With increasing mechanisa- SYSTEM IS WRONG. large female infant. such as cleaning and charring, and And how could anyone conscien- By this time a huge crowd had tion, the demand for human work- tiously believe that his efforts would My researches have satisfied me in commerce to the mechanical ers will never again be equal to that the present financial-economic collected, all women. A police tasks, such as typing and telephone not enrich himself when he knows officer approached. "Move along the assistance offering. that everyone participates in the operating. there," she said. "What's all this?" 'They appear, however, to have appreciation of the national assets CHALLENGE! A babel of tongues explained that SOCIAL CREDIT AND PRO- which result from the whole of the enjoyed their inferiority. We find VISION FOR THE FUTURE. it was a man. "Gosh!" said the community's activities? Will You Let Him Down? male authors asserting that man's It has been said that Social constable. "Who's it belong to?" true happiness lay in staying at Credit makes no provision for the POINTS THAT WERE NOT John Hogan is sweeping At this moment a tall, impressive home and being cherished and pro- future, but that is not true. The REPLIED TO through Victoria like a human lady approached. "What's the tected by the stronger sex. matter, officer?" she asked. The national dividend would at once While 1 was more than grateful dynamo, waking up the people, "There are old photographs do away with cheap labour and telling them our message, officer touched her hat. "It's a showing small, soft-looking men for his letter, I wondered why he man, Ma'am," she explained. restore women to their natural omitted to offer any comment on making them feel the Demand crowding round tall women foot- for Results, making Social The lady looked down at me ballers, asking for autographs, and sphere as the managers of our the following points which were with interest. She felt my chin, homes and the mothers of our chil- mentioned in mine to him:— Credit a live and vital issue to there was a current saying that every citizen and politician. which I had not shaved that morn- 'men cannot resist a uniform.' dren. Parents would be enabled to 1. Dangerous tasks are becoming ing. "So it is," she said. "Don't give their children a full and com- fewer. Will You Let Them Drift "In fact, the time came when a crowd round it so," she said to the few men were bred specifically be- plete education, so equipping them 2. Unpleasant tasks should carry Back Into Apathy? people, "you're frightening it." She for either labour or leisure. The higher pay. We can't keep him. The cause women wanted them as pets. took me by the hand. "Come with "Some of our romantics regret payment of the national dividend 3. Why did he wish to be a mem- Young National Crusader sees me," she said. "I'll take care of depends absolutely on the efficiency ber of Parliament when his or- the passing of the male. They say only an Australian horizon. you. I'm the Home Secretary." that lovemaking, as it was called, and adequacy of our production. In dinary work is fair enough contri- He will do his job here, and She took me home in a car, sat other words, it would be dependent bution to community service? provided some of the greatest it depends on us whether it is me down and scrutinised me care- poetry and drama. However, we on the annual appreciation of our 4. National dividends would take to be worthwhile or not. He fully. "Where are all the other assets. No appreciation, no divi- women out of industry and place had to choose between that and the is depending on us to capitalise men?" I asked. "There were survival of the race." dend; and obviously there would be them in their proper sphere. the results, to consolidate the plenty of them when I went to no premium on loafing. Until ma- 5. The thieving money system as Here the lady paused and gazed organisation whose founda- sleep." speculatively at me. I grew un- chinery renders it unnecessary, in- we now have it is the only thing tion he is helping to lay. We "You've been asleep a long dustry will of course have to de- easy. "Er—may I go now?" I standing between the community must get onto the job our- time," replied the lady. "We are asked. pend upon manual labour for dull and happiness. now a matriarchy, a country ruled and uninteresting tasks of the selves. His energy and en- "Yes," she said; "I'll take you." 6. Was there any shortage of thusiasm are a challenge to by women. We have practically "Where to?" I asked. nature he had in mind, but with candidates for Parliament when us. The Expansion Campaign done away with men." "To the Zoo," she replied. "We women out of industry, and with membership was honorary? "Why?" I exclaimed. "To save the had a man there once, but he got the progressive shortening of hours is our job—the Loyalty Appeal 7. How is work to be "found" is our responsibility. If his race from extinction,” she replied, too old, and had to be stuffed for made possible through a reformed for all and what sort of work would and began to explain. the museum. You'll be a good money system, these tasks will be- time here is to have been it be? worthwhile, if his efforts here * * specimen. We'll let your beard come less and less burdensome to 8. How is the product of "Psychologists," she said, "had grow, and that touch of baldness those who perform them. are not to be wasted, we must mechanised industry to be rally immediately to the call, for long asserted that the male prin- adds to your biological interest." No one in his right senses would disposed of in the future if the ciple in Nature was the destructive The door was open, and I made suggest that there could be a only means of acquiring ability and raise the fighting funds and energy necessary to en- principle. This was finally proved a dash for it—hopelessly, for I national dividend unless there is to purchase is work? during the early twentieth century. knew I could not outrun Sex-Deter- national wealth to divide, or that 9. The conditions of today are able the Movement to em- brace the farthest-flung sup- About 1936 the politicians and press mination. Sure enough, in a few we could have national wealth un- entirely different from the condi- were daily repeating two conflict- seconds a strong hand fell on my less production continues. The fact tions in the days of St. Paul. porter he inspires. ing ideas: shoulder. is that we have national wealth in An answer to these is much IT IS FOR YOU TO "One was that another war would "Wake up, sir," said the porter. GET ON WITH THE JOB! destroy both sides equally, and the "This is Victoria. All change." other was that a nation's first duty * * * was to prepare for that war. I gathered up my papers and TAXATION system is wrong, both technically "This proved that the male de- looked to see what it was that had and morally. Technically wrong structive instinct had reached the (A SIGN OF SERVITUDE) started my train of thought. I because industry is not self- point of mania. found I had read two paragraphs liquidating of its costs, and be- "It was further emphasised by a consecutively. One was from the and cause this technical flaw is not only strange economic law: That the report of the Engineers' confer- the cause of the dire troubles in manufacture and sale of lethal ence: which the people are engulfed, but weapons was the only way to in- "If we cannot see our way to NATIONAL INSURANCE also carries in it the seeds of the crease prosperity. keep women in their proper place -- destruction of the whole system. "This convinced the women of -the home—I hope a more patriotic (A MESMERISM BY SYMBOLS) Morally wrong because it regards the period that the male of the government will legislate that men economic work as the end and aim species had finally begun to run only are employed in this in- In response to many requests by readers of the "New Times," of men (bank controllers of course amok. dustry."—Mr. O'Halloran, of Cork. the series of articles on taxation and national insurance, recently excepted), and because it is fitted "At the same time, as if to en- And this was the other: — with a fraudulent money mechan- sure race-suicide, they tried to "Professor Balfour-Browne, of contributed to our columns by Mr. Bruce H. Brown, has now exclude women from industry. been reprinted as a 72-page brochure. ism, which has deprived most of the Royal Microscopical Society, us of access to the resources of "While admitting that they did foretells a world of the future in No student of economics or monetary reform, no person the earth. not know how to provide women which men have ceased to exist and opposed to our ever increasing load of taxation, no one who wishes Money dividends without econo- with safe homes, they still insisted women rule the world." to understand what national insurance really implies, should fail to mic work, and the real leisure that women should remain in the I appeared to have regarded the secure a copy of this frank and complete exposure by a master of home. two paragraphs as being in some which results from them, do not de- "It was this that determined wo- the subjects. moralise those who now receive way connected. men to revolt. In fact, I do still. them, and even G. D. H. Cole, the "This was not difficult, for the You will find "Taxation And National Insurance" direct, simple Socialist author and economist, has and convincing. invention of machinery had al- at last admitted the necessity for ready paved the way for women's MORE NEWS FROM THE IN- a system of national dividends. rule, NOCENTS ABROAD The great stumbling block to Price, 1/-; posted, 1/1 "You see," she explained, "men The resumption of the investment most of the "leaders" of the Labor had always relied on fighting and of old-world capital in new-world Available from— movement, however, is the old, old physical force generally for their development, for which there were question: "Where will the money one proof of superiority. But as opportunities in Australia, would re- come from?" The answer to this vive world trade. soon as they got machines to do —B. S. Stevens, Premier of N.S.W., NEW TIMES PTY LTD. is simplicity itself. It will come their work and their fighting, it at the British Empire League, Lon- from the same place as that from was found that women made a s don. July 17. which it comes now—viz., the good workers and soldiers as ELIZABETH HOUSE (BOX 1226, G.P.O.) inkpot, but with this The only tangible form in which men. old world capital appears to be difference—it will come from “The rapid decline of the entering Australia at present is that MELBOURNE the inkpots of the male physique from that time of such developmental instruments Commonwealth Treasury instead onward has been attributed to as bombers, tanks and warships. Or from Your Newsagent or Bookseller Are bombers the long sought of from the inkpots of the discouragement, or lack of any explanation of “flight of capital”? private banks. purpose in life. Page Eight. THE NEW TIMES JULY 24, 1936.

were any noticeable reforms in result of some years of Douglas Monday, 3.—8 p.m., Bacchus WOMEN AND THE VOTE favour of women put on the educational work has not reached Marsh. Statute Book. They are still such formidable dimensions as it Tuesday, 4.—City Lunch Hour sweated; still denied full parental would otherwise have done. Meeting. 8 p.m., Delphic Club. rights, suffer unequal divorce laws However, there is no lessening of Wednesday, 5.—City Lunch Hour By LEONORA POLKINGHORNE. and all those other abuses the vote the activities of the units of the Meeting. was supposed by the optimistic to Party, and new branches spring Thursday, 6. —Bendigo Rotary and do away with. into existence each week. As a Apex. result of contesting the Bowen Friday, 7.—8.30 p.m., Prahran Some reference has been made "Well, you put us here, didn’t you?" THE ENGLISH electorate new branches are being Town Hall. in previous articles to the extent SUFFRAGETTES formed in that district. Cannon Saturday, 8.—State Conference. of the value of the franchise to Of course, the "Five Year Plan," Valley affiliated this week, with Sunday, 9.—3 p.m., P.S.A. at Ivan- women. It is proposed now to as the defrauded electors bitterly Just a word here about the fight sixteen foundation members; the hoe Hall. elaborate this theme a little. In call the two years' extension, had for the vote in England. First, Monday, 10.—8 p.m., Kew let it be clearly understood that Rev. Mr. Kernke spoke at the all ages, very considerable value nothing to do with the King's opening meeting and introduced Branch, Recreation Hall, Kew. has been placed upon the vote for Jubilee and the S.A. Centenary! violent methods are not agreeable to women, and to those who used them Mr. H. I. Madden, who gave a a variety of reasons, mainly per- With regard to the restoring of forceful address to the new unit. haps because it is a sort of insignia salary cuts, that was done because they were a species of martyrdom. PROTEST AGAINST THE They set their teeth and went on Preston, in the same electorate, has of citizenship. It is, of course, the depression is over, that is to also formed a branch, which pro- PRESS BOYCOTT! supposed to allow one to express say, over to the extent of justify- with them because all other methods had failed. The "Watchman," who mises to be another strong centre one's will in Parliament, but every- ing the said restoration, but not so for the promulgation of Social MEMBERS, READERS, one knows that this is true to such much over as to give back super- gives us the "News Behind the Credit. BRANCHES—write to the a limited extent as to be almost non- annuation cuts to civil servants or News," said some time ago—in City Press protesting against existent. Many factors exist to increase the dole, which, unfor- referring to the French women's the publicity boycott. John tunately, such citizens fail to see. presenting a bouquet of roses to M. Blum on his accession to power, with Hogan is breaking records the persuasive words, "Please for public meetings and en- MAKING AUSTRALIA GROUND "UNSEXED." thusiasm throughout the State. MINDED. remember us!" attached—how much John Hogan's His age and personal achieve- With regard to the extension of better French women understood "Patria" writes: — men than their English sisters, and ments alone demand recognition "In this age of crosswords, score- the franchise to women, it is in- Programme by the accepted organs of words and other varieties of ingeni- teresting now to recall the dire he went on to comment scathingly publicity. Yet not a line ap- ous puzzles, I suggest that the "New on the methods used by the English John reports the recent Western prophecies that were made if this pears. Monster meetings in Times" approach Sir Arthur Robin- privilege (it was considered a suffragettes. The "Watchman" District tour one hundred per cent son, of Collins House, Melbourne overlooked the fact that the French satisfactory, with excellent suburbs and country towns— (you seem to be well in with the privilege, not a right) were granted. and no mention in the City Collins House brigade), who is a It appeared that nobody would love suffragettes were dealing with meetings at Terang, Warrnam- Frenchmen and not Englishmen, bool, Koroit and Ararat. Hamilton Press, even though reporters director of the De Havilland Co. in us; we would become "unsexed," send in their matter. Send in a Australia, with a proposal that he that mysterious process with which and Stawell were also visited, and a offer a prize to anyone who can number of leading citizens, who had storm of letters from every part think of a new way of wrecking a we have been threatened so often of the State in protest, when we asked for things. No one MIND YOUR STEP—MORE undertaken to organise bumper De Havilland plane. The falling meetings on the occasion of John's demanding reasonable recogni- overboard from 4000 feet of the en- quite knew how it would thus DELICACY! tion of the work of this young gine of a DH50 this week is about return visit, were interviewed. change us, but it was a sure con- Professor Hytten, economic ad- Australian, demanding that the limit. sequence of high salaries or execu- On Sunday last another en- "What is wrong with the D.H.'s viser to the Bank of New South the determination of his tive positions and other dreadful Wales, giving evidence before the thusiastic audience filled the that come to Australia? Surely it Soldiers' Memorial Hall at audiences be conveyed to the is time there was a thorough in- masculine things. We were fre- Monetary Commission on July 20, general public. BREAK THE said that general indications were Hampton. The member for the vestigation into their apparently quently told that if we insisted on PRESS BOYCOTT BY MAK- endless succession of disasters and the vote and got it, men would that Australia was now district, Mr. Ian Macfarlan, was tragedies—and also time that the approaching a delicate stage at in the chair. ING THEM REALISE THE persistent rumours as to preferment henceforth fail to give up their which a misstep may lead to further STRENGTH OF AWAK- being extended to them in high seats in tramcars to us. It will be difficulties. On Monday, 20th inst., the ENED PUBLIC OPINION. quarters were either confirmed or observed that the pre-franchise biggest crowd that has attended a denied. If the machines are only generation was not noted for its public meeting at Pakenham in suffering from a temporary hoodoo, Hear John Hogan an open inquiry should be; sense of humour, the weighing of years was visibly impressed by beneficial to the company; if not " a seat in a tram-car against all the which made all the difference. Can our young crusader's eloquence. The Greatest Youth Speaker "As things are, a few more D.H. advantages the vote was supposed anyone imagine a single English Mr. Reg. Battersby, the presi- Since Wm. Pitt of England. crashes will make us more firmly to give savouring of the ludicrous. statesman who would be moved one dent of the local branch, was in EXPOSE than ever attached to our native Of course, nothing of the sort hap- iota by such an appeal? The Irish the chair. LAND." pened. Men appeared to fall in love members had discovered that long THE TRUE FACTS OF THE A return visit to Gippsland was WORLD'S ECONOMIC with the "enfranchised" woman before, when, despairing of the commenced on Tuesday, with a just as readily as they did with her least attention to Irish affairs, Big- meeting at Warragul, the report CHAOS. to nullify the power of the vote, gar introduced his famous obstruc- Break the Press Boycott and notably the method of counting predecessor; the men who were in of which has not, up to the time the votes, whereby only one State the habit of giving up their seats tion tactics. of going to press, reached us. Hear This Brilliant Young of the Commonwealth (Tasmania) in tram-cars went on doing it, and Meetings at Rosedale on Wed- Orator enjoys a really representative sys- those who had not cultivated the HOW TO MAKE THE nesday and Yallourn on Thursday habit went on not doing it, and WOMEN'S VOTE EFFECTIVE at tem. All the others under the will be reported in our next issue. THE DELPHIC CLUB, Senate system suffer by a method nothing was changed, except that women began to form clubs and Is there any hope, then, of the The following are John's next Melbourne's Leading Youth Club, that not only fails to represent, but vote ever becoming the instrument engagements: - actually, through its compulsory organisations, study politics, and it ought to be? Yes; there is a Sonora House, 2nd Floor, attend public speaking classes. way. When there is one thing on July-Friday, 24. —8.30 p.m.: 300 Little Collins St., Melbourne, clause—which insists on the voter Those men who had been most op- recording a vote for all candidates, which all awakened and liberal Traralgon, Mechanics' Hall. on no matter how much he loathes posed to the reform were now most minded people are agreed, one thing Saturday, 25. —8 p.m.: Debating TUESDAY, AUG. 4, at 8 p.m. some—misrepresents the unhappy sedulous in attempting to capture for which they can for the time Club, Sale. elector. There is a history behind the new votes. drop their lesser differences, one Sunday, 26. —11.30 a.m.: Bairns- this, of course, but it need not be Unfortunately, caught unpre- thing so sane, so reasonable and so dale, House Meeting. 2.30 pm.: THE— discussed here. Nevertheless, we pared, many women allowed them- just that no self-respecting person Pleasant Sunday Afternoon, "Queensland still hear politicians talk as if we selves to be swept into the party can keep out of it—then, when a Mechanics' Institute. 8.30 p.m.: really had representation in Parlia- machine. A few, more wide-awake, sufficient number of voters can Orbost Hall. Social Credit News" Monday, 27. —Morning: Lakes ment, and even the Butler Govern- led by the alert Miss Vida Gold- present a united front, then and Edited by HALL THOMPSON. ment of South Australia, which stein, formed women's non-party then only can the vote be a real Entrance. Sale, 8 p.m.: Public went in on a 33 per cent, of first organisations which kept the poli- power, a driving force that can Meeting; Mayor to preside. A hard-hitting Douglas preferences, and on the strength of ticians guessing. and will accomplish its objective. Tuesday, 28. —8 p.m.: Maffra, Paper-just a little different. 2d Mechanics' Hall. that voted themselves an extra two But when all is said and done, That method and that objective are monthly. Post free, 2/6 for 12 years, are wont to remark, when Wednesday, 29. —8 p.m.: Moe, Me- issues, from— the much-coveted vote meant as before us in the Electoral Campaign chanics' Hall. the people raise their voices in protest much (or as little) to women as to Abolish Poverty. against the Betting Bill, the Thursday, 30. —8 p.m.: Morwell, INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING it has done to men. It did not Let all women throw the force Ramsay Hall. COY., Licensing Bill, and the restoration usher in any sort of millenium. of their vote behind that, and the of Parliamentary salary cuts, Politics, alas! were not cleaner, nor August: — 161 Queen Street, Brisbane, Qld.; result will justify the franchise in Sunday, 2. —2.45 p.m.: Pleasant or order from your local a way yet undreamed of. Sunday. Afternoon, Williams- newsagent in all the States and town. New Zealand. SECOND EDITION Queensland Douglas Credit Party Notes TO OUR READERS— You may obtain your copy of "THE NEW TIMES" The State Executive has carried a from any authorised newsagent. Should your agent not have The Story of Money resolution asking each of the 158 supplies, please ask him to communicate direct with New branches of the Party to carry out the Times Pty. Ltd., Box 1226, G.P.O., Melbourne, C.1. (‘Phone Electoral Campaign in its district, and M 5384). And Its Management a special meeting of the Executive will If you wish to have your copy posted direct from this How many times have you been asked for a short, simple be held to get the Campaign under office, please complete the form below and mail it, accom- explanation of Social Credit? How many times have you found way without delay. The party's panied by remittance payable to New Times Pty. 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These and numerous other things you need to Very good results have been secured, I enclose postal note for the sum of ...... know about money are simply and fully explained. and contacts have been established money order Give "The Story of Money" to your friend and you will have with people who would not be likely no difficulty in making him understand Social Credit. to attend public lectures. Name…………………………………………………… Owing to the mass of loan money 64 Pages—1/-; Posted, 1/1 floating about, the depression in this Full Postal Address...... State is not so acute as it was, and the Obtainable from clamour that was starting to arise as a Date……………………………….. NEW TIMES PTY. LTD. The subscription rate to THE NEW TIMES is 15/- for 12 Box 1226 G.P.O. Melbourne Printed by H. E. Kuntzen, 309-319 Lonsdale months; 7/6 for 6 months; 3/9 for 3 months post-free. Place Melbourne for the New Times Pty. Ltd. Elizabeth House Melbourne.