Community Empowerment Through Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Social Sector of Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia

Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 2 Iffah Farhana Abu Talib et al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia ScienceDirect Keywords: Aceh; Build Back Better, Disaster; Malaysian Entrepreneurship; Redevelopment. Procedia Engineering 212 (2018) 294–301 1.Introduction 7th International Conference on Building Resilience; Using scientific knowledge to inform policy and practice in disaster risk reduction, ICBR2017, 27 – 29 November 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 7th International Conference on Building Resilience; Using scientific knowledge to inform policy In December 2014, heavy rain falls caused massive inundation in major areas of Malaysia especially in the East- and practice in disaster risk reduction, ICBR2017, 27 – 29 November 2017, Bangkok, Thailand coast states (Kelantan, Pahang, and Terengganu). This unusual and unexpected phenomenon has generally disrupted Community Empowerment through Rehabilitation and the livelihood of local communities affecting basic people’s well-being such as health, housing, security, access to food, water, and other life commodities are affected [1]. The worst hit state of Kelantan has impacted around 42, 163 ReconstructionCommunity in SocialEmpowerment Sector of through Kuala Krai, Rehabilitation Kelantan, andMalaysia. victims with total losses of RM200 million [2]. Reconstruction in Social Sector of Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia. Iffah Farhana Abu Taliba*, Roshana Takima, Mohammad Fadhil Mohammada, Padzil @ 1.1.Flooding in Kuala Krai, Kelantan a Fadzil aHassana a Iffah Farhana Abu Talib *, Roshana Takim , Mohammad Fadhil Mohammad , Padzil @ Located in one of the east-coast states of Malaysia, Kuala Krai is the second largest province after Gua Musang a a Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiFadzil Teknologi Hassan MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Province. Kuala Krai, Kelantan consists of 2,329 square km or 910 square miles, neighbouring to Machang Province (North); Gua Musang (South); Jeli Province (West) and Terengganu State (East) [3]. The topography features in the a Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia East, West, and South of Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia is mountainous whereas in North is valley landscape. Figure Abstract 1 shows the rivers in Kelantan and in Kuala Krai Province, it is indicated that there is a meeting point of two main Abstract rivers (Sungai Galas and Sungai Lebir) [4]. Approximately, the maximum annual rainfall of Kelantan can reach up to An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of Malaysia, in particular, the 1750 mm during the monsoon season (November until January). However, flood event in 2014 had been triggered by district of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Among others, the utmost affected sector is social which relates to community-based (health; An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of Malaysia, in particular, the the worst monsoon rain has been recorded in the history of the state by The National Security Council [5]. housing; education & cultural heritage) activities. This sector requires a comprehensive rehabilitation and reconstruction for ‘Build Backdistrict Better’ of Kuala Agenda. Krai, The Kelantan. objectives Among of this othe paperrs, theare: utmost to inves affectedtigate the sector damages is social and losseswhich in relates social tosector; community-based to identify the (health; critical

needshousing; of Kelantaneseeducation & relatingcultural toheritage) damages activities. and losses; This and sector to es requirestablish aa strategycomprehensive of the commun rehabilitationity empowerment. and reconstruction A-five-month for ‘Build of

Backdata collection Better’ Agenda. was conducted The objectives through of literature this paper search, are: to interviews investigate and the workshop. damages and Damage, losses Lossin social and sector;Needs toAssessment identify the (DaLNA critical

needsmethodology) of Kelantanese criteria relating were used to damages to assess and the losses;damages and and to esthetablish losses. a strategyTo underpin of the the commun findings,ity aempowerment. semi-structured A-five-month interview was of datacarried collection out with was seven conducted (7) organisations through literature that were search, involved interviews in 2014 and flooding: workshop. Kelantan Damage, State Loss Gove andrnment, Needs DepartmentAssessment of(DaLNA Social methodology)Welfare, National criteria Disaster were Managementused to assess Ag theency damages (NADMA) and the of losses.Malaysia, To underpinPublic Work the sfindings, Department, a semi-structured Health Department, interview Mercy was carried out with seven (7) organisations that were involved in 2014 flooding: Kelantan State Government, Department of Social Malaysia and the local communities. The qualitative data were analysed using Atlas.ti Version 8.0. Findings revealed that a total Legend: Welfare,of RM63.6 National million Disaster of damages Management and losses Ag encywere (NADMA)deliberated ofin Malaysia, the social Public sector Work of Kualas Department, Krai. As Healthsuch, the Department, critical needs Mercy of MalaysiaKelantanese and are the identifiedlocal communities. as housing; The health; qualitative education data wereand culturalanalysed heritage. using Atlas.ti Apparently, Version for 8.0. community Findings revealedempowerment, that a tot theal Rivers in Kelantan ofdevelopment RM63.6 million of Integrated of damages Community and losses Centre were (ICC) deliberated has been inrecognised the social as sectora potential of Kuala immediate Krai. solution.As such, Thethe ICCcritical will needs be used of Kelantaneseas a multipurpose are identified centre comprising: as housing; transit health; centre education (housing); and disa culturalster mobile heritage. clinic Apparently, (health); training for community & education empowerment, (education) andthe Boundary line of Kuala Krai religiousdevelopment centre of Integrated(cultural heritage), Community in theCentre event (ICC) of flood.has been Th erecognised research outcomesas a potential would immediate provide solution. a well-prepared The ICC andwill resilientbe used River flow to South-China Sea communityas a multipurpose in combating centre comprising: disaster events transit in centre future. (housing); This is disainspiredster mobile by Sendai clinic Framework:(health); training Priority & education 4 - Enhancing (education Disaster) and religiousPreparedness centre for (culturalEffective heritage), Response in and the to event“Build of Back flood. Better” The researchin Recovery, outcomes Rehabilitation would provide and Reconstruction. a well-prepared and resilient community in combating disaster events in future. This is inspired by Sendai Framework: Priority 4 - Enhancing Disaster ©Preparedness 2017 The Authors. for Effective Published Response by Elsevier and to “BuildLtd. Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.

Peer-review© 2018 The Authors.under responsibility Published by of Elsevierthe scientific Ltd. committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Fig. 1. Maps of rivers in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Disaster events like flood occurrences in Kuala Krai have led an impact, among others in the social sector. It has * Corresponding author. Tel.: +6-016-275-7722; E-mail address: [email protected] affected subsectors such as housing, health, education, cultural heritage including direct impact (physical destruction with total 14 deaths in Kelantan alone) and indirect impact (people displacement of 158,476 victims; demographic 1877-7058* Corresponding © 2017 author.The Authors. Tel.: +6-016-275-7722; Published by Elsevier E-mail Ltd. address: [email protected] changes; insecurity and secondary health effects) [6], [7]. Following the 2014 flood occurrences, the federal and state Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. 1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. governments are required to establish the amount of damages and losses affected, in order to determine the local Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. communities’ critical needs to restore the damages to its original condition. Hence, the objectives of this paper are in three-folds, (1) to investigate the damages and losses in social sector; (2) to identify the critical needs of Kelantanese relating to damages and losses; and (3) to establish a strategy of the community empowerment.

1877-7058 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience 10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.038

10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.038 1877-7058 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia Iffah Farhana Abu Talib et al. / Procedia Engineering 212 (2018) 294–301 295 2 Iffah Farhana Abu Talib et al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia Keywords: Aceh; Build Back Better, Disaster; Malaysian Entrepreneurship; Redevelopment.

1.Introduction 7th International Conference on Building Resilience; Using scientific knowledge to inform policy and practice in disaster risk reduction, ICBR2017, 27 – 29 November 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 7th International Conference on Building Resilience; Using scientific knowledge to inform policy In December 2014, heavy rain falls caused massive inundation in major areas of Malaysia especially in the East- and practice in disaster risk reduction, ICBR2017, 27 – 29 November 2017, Bangkok, Thailand coast states (Kelantan, Pahang, and Terengganu). This unusual and unexpected phenomenon has generally disrupted Community Empowerment through Rehabilitation and the livelihood of local communities affecting basic people’s well-being such as health, housing, security, access to food, water, and other life commodities are affected [1]. The worst hit state of Kelantan has impacted around 42, 163 ReconstructionCommunity in SocialEmpowerment Sector of through Kuala Krai, Rehabilitation Kelantan, andMalaysia. victims with total losses of RM200 million [2]. Reconstruction in Social Sector of Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia. Iffah Farhana Abu Taliba*, Roshana Takima, Mohammad Fadhil Mohammada, Padzil @ 1.1.Flooding in Kuala Krai, Kelantan a Fadzil aHassana a Iffah Farhana Abu Talib *, Roshana Takim , Mohammad Fadhil Mohammad , Padzil @ Located in one of the east-coast states of Malaysia, Kuala Krai is the second largest province after Gua Musang a a Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiFadzil Teknologi Hassan MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Province. Kuala Krai, Kelantan consists of 2,329 square km or 910 square miles, neighbouring to Machang Province (North); Gua Musang (South); Jeli Province (West) and Terengganu State (East) [3]. The topography features in the a Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia East, West, and South of Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia is mountainous whereas in North is valley landscape. Figure Abstract 1 shows the rivers in Kelantan and in Kuala Krai Province, it is indicated that there is a meeting point of two main Abstract rivers (Sungai Galas and Sungai Lebir) [4]. Approximately, the maximum annual rainfall of Kelantan can reach up to An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of Malaysia, in particular, the 1750 mm during the monsoon season (November until January). However, flood event in 2014 had been triggered by district of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Among others, the utmost affected sector is social which relates to community-based (health; An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of Malaysia, in particular, the the worst monsoon rain has been recorded in the history of the state by The National Security Council [5]. housing; education & cultural heritage) activities. This sector requires a comprehensive rehabilitation and reconstruction for ‘Build Backdistrict Better’ of Kuala Agenda. Krai, The Kelantan. objectives Among of this othe paperrs, theare: utmost to inves affectedtigate the sector damages is social and losseswhich in relates social tosector; community-based to identify the (health; critical needshousing; of Kelantaneseeducation & relatingcultural toheritage) damages activities. and losses; This and sector to es requirestablish aa strategycomprehensive of the commun rehabilitationity empowerment. and reconstruction A-five-month for ‘Build of dataBack collection Better’ Agenda. was conducted The objectives through of literature this paper search, are: to interviews investigate and the workshop. damages and Damage, losses Lossin social and sector;Needs toAssessment identify the (DaLNA critical methodology)needs of Kelantanese criteria relating were used to damages to assess and the losses;damages and and to esthetablish losses. a strategyTo underpin of the the commun findings,ity aempowerment. semi-structured A-five-month interview was of carrieddata collection out with was seven conducted (7) organisations through literature that were search, involved interviews in 2014 and flooding: workshop. Kelantan Damage, State Loss Gove andrnment, Needs DepartmentAssessment of(DaLNA Social Welfare,methodology) National criteria Disaster were Managementused to assess Ag theency damages (NADMA) and the of losses.Malaysia, To underpinPublic Work the sfindings, Department, a semi-structured Health Department, interview Mercy was carried out with seven (7) organisations that were involved in 2014 flooding: Kelantan State Government, Department of Social Malaysia and the local communities. The qualitative data were analysed using Atlas.ti Version 8.0. Findings revealed that a total Legend: Welfare,of RM63.6 National million Disaster of damages Management and losses Ag encywere (NADMA)deliberated ofin Malaysia, the social Public sector Work of Kualas Department, Krai. As Healthsuch, the Department, critical needs Mercy of MalaysiaKelantanese and are the identifiedlocal communities. as housing; The health; qualitative education data wereand culturalanalysed heritage. using Atlas.ti Apparently, Version for 8.0. community Findings revealedempowerment, that a tot theal Rivers in Kelantan ofdevelopment RM63.6 million of Integrated of damages Community and losses Centre were (ICC) deliberated has been inrecognised the social as sectora potential of Kuala immediate Krai. solution.As such, Thethe ICCcritical will needs be used of Kelantaneseas a multipurpose are identified centre comprising: as housing; transit health; centre education (housing); and disa culturalster mobile heritage. clinic Apparently, (health); training for community & education empowerment, (education) andthe Boundary line of Kuala Krai developmentreligious centre of Integrated(cultural heritage), Community in theCentre event (ICC) of flood.has been Th erecognised research outcomesas a potential would immediate provide solution. a well-prepared The ICC andwill resilientbe used River flow to South-China Sea ascommunity a multipurpose in combating centre comprising: disaster events transit in centre future. (housing); This is disainspiredster mobile by Sendai clinic Framework:(health); training Priority & education 4 - Enhancing (education Disaster) and Preparednessreligious centre for (culturalEffective heritage), Response in and the to event“Build of Back flood. Better” The researchin Recovery, outcomes Rehabilitation would provide and Reconstruction. a well-prepared and resilient community in combating disaster events in future. This is inspired by Sendai Framework: Priority 4 - Enhancing Disaster ©Preparedness 2017 The Authors. for Effective Published Response by Elsevier and to “BuildLtd. Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 7th International Conference on Building Resilience. Fig. 1. Maps of rivers in Kelantan, Malaysia.