2020 Verena OED Case Study
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Rethinking Relations Innovative Diplomacy in an Uncertain World Background Paper Background Paper Trilogue Salzburg 2020 | Page 1 Table of Contents Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Diplomacy in a Disrupted World – Fostering Trust in Uncertain Times ................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 The World of Diplomats .......................................................................................................... 8 Perception and Merits of Traditional Diplomacy .................................................................. 11 Today’s Relationship Management (or the Lack Thereof) ................................................... 12 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 14 References ........................................................................................................................... 15 Learning from the Past: Avoiding Sleepwalking? ..................................................................... 17 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 17 Serious Somnambulists ........................................................................................................ 18 Serious Expertise ................................................................................................................. 20 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 25 References ........................................................................................................................... 26 The Future of Corporate Diplomacy ............................................................................................ 27 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 27 All Began with Diplomacy ..................................................................................................... 28 New Class of a Global Community....................................................................................... 33 Exploring the Future of Diplomacy ............................................................................................. 35 Challenges for International Relations Today ...................................................................... 35 The European Union’s Soft Power ....................................................................................... 38 Building Trust with Good Diplomacy .................................................................................... 44 References ........................................................................................................................... 46 Page 2 | Trilogue Salzburg 2020 Background Paper The Glue That Holds Relationships Together: Trust ................................................................. 47 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 47 Trust Shifts: Challenges and Chances for International Relations ...................................... 48 1. From Institutions to the Individual Level. ...................................................................... 48 2. From State to Non-state Actors .................................................................................... 50 3. From West to East......................................................................................................... 51 What are Fruitful Examples of Building Lasting Relationships of Trust? ............................. 52 1. Case Study 1 ................................................................................................................. 52 2. Case Study 2 ................................................................................................................. 54 3. Case Study 3 ................................................................................................................. 55 4. Case Study 4 ................................................................................................................. 56 5. Case Study 5 ................................................................................................................. 57 Findings and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 58 1. Who? Business Leaders and NGOs to Step Forward .................................................. 58 2. With Whom? Encouraging Multi-stakeholder Diplomacy .............................................. 59 3. What? Realizing Mission-oriented Diplomacy .............................................................. 59 4. How? Daring Mindful Diplomacy ................................................................................... 60 Investing in Soft Power via Trust-building Endeavours........................................................ 62 References ........................................................................................................................... 63 United We Stand, Divided We Fall – New Economic Conflicts as a Challenge for European Diplomacy ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 65 Changed Economic Conflicts between National Economies ............................................... 65 Changed Economic Conflicts within Developed Economies ............................................... 70 Europe’s Options for Taking Action ...................................................................................... 71 References ........................................................................................................................... 73 About the Authors ......................................................................................................................... 74 Background Paper Trilogue Salzburg 2020 | Page 3 Overview The articles included in this background paper, Rethinking Relations – Innovative Diplomacy in an Uncertain World, were originally written in preparation for the 19th Trilogue Salzburg, which had to be postponed due to the corona pandemic. Diplomacy – as it applies to politics and the arts, as well as to companies – is currently experiencing fundamental changes at an unprecedented rate, affecting the very character of today’s relation- ships. In the wake of the shift of power towards the East, the spreading emphasis on national interests, and the inefficiency of multilateral institutions in acting as platforms for troubleshooting, international relations have undergone a fundamental change. Additionally, new or self-organized actors from civil society are pushing issues to a level that needs to be addressed by politics and business. New entities such as cities are also emerging as a new political power, forming commu- nities of interest or opposing national policies. Not only are the increasing quantity of relationships and multinational players in transition, so are the competence, responsibility and influence of tradi- tional actors, counterparts and contacts. Moreover, new (or unexpected) stakeholders, such as Fridays for Future and Occupy, are taking the stage on a national or international level, sometimes without official representatives. This is also true of militant groups and unrecognized proto-states like ISIS. The six essays provide suggestions from different perspectives in order to stimulate the discussion on innovative methods of diplomacy. They seek to address new ways and means of building and maintaining robust relations. They also address the questions of what innovative diplomacy should look like in a non-polar and uncertain world and how new actors and new methods can be better deployed in diplomatic efforts. The first article, Diplomacy in a Disrupted World – Fostering Trust in Uncertain Times, pro- vides an overview of the definitions and concepts present in the world of diplomats. The authors discuss new challenges for diplomacy in the 21st century and argue that effective diplomacy in the sense of cooperation and trust is needed more than ever. The article makes a number of recom- mendations on how to use diplomacy in a non- or multipolar world. The second article focuses on the learnings from a historical perspective. The author of Learning from the Past: Avoiding Sleepwalking? argues that, when faced with decisions, we cannot pre- dict everything in advance and only understand connections and consequences afterwards. The essay considers two alternative responses to the feeling of being overwhelmed by events, before turning to the subject of how we can escape from the trap that human psychology has set for us. The next article, The Future of Corporate Diplomacy, takes a different perspective and focuses on the implications business environments have for the future of diplomacy. The essayist shows that a corporate public policy team can also benefit from the art of diplomacy