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Prediction of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left First Premolar

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Prediction of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left First Premolar Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 9-2017 Prediction of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left irsF t Premolar Matthew E. Durschlag Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Orthodontics and Orthodontology Commons Recommended Citation Durschlag, Matthew E., "Prediction of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left irF st Premolar" (2017). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 463. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/463 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Dentistry in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies __________________ Prediction of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left First Premolar by Matthew E. Durschlag __________________ A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics __________________ September 2017 2017 Matthew Durschlag All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this thesis in his opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree Master of Science. , Chairperson Joseph Caruso, Professor of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Mark K. Batesole, Assistant Professor of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Rodrigo Viecilli, Associate Professor of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Mark Batesole for being an outstanding mentor and teacher throughout this research project. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Joseph Caruso and Dr. Rodrigo Viecilli, for their guidance and advice throughout this process. It wouldn’t have been possible without all of your assistance. iv CONTENT Approval Page .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... ix Abstract ................................................................................................................................x Chapter 1. Review of the Literature ............................................................................................1 Intraoral Scanning ..............................................................................................1 CBCT Technology .............................................................................................3 Importance of Root Alignment ..........................................................................5 Statistical Shape Modeling ................................................................................6 Current Research ................................................................................................8 2. Prediction of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left First Premolar .................................................................................................................10 Introduction ......................................................................................................10 Null Hypothesis ...............................................................................................12 Materials and Methods .....................................................................................12 Part A: Building a Statistical Shape Model and Predicting Root Form ...........................................................................................................12 Specimen Selection ..............................................................................12 Optical Image Acquisition ...................................................................12 Statistical Shape Model Preparation ....................................................13 Shape Model Construction ...................................................................13 Part B: Acquistion of Real Patient Teeth and Comparisons to SSM Predictions..................................................................................................16 CBCTs and Optical Scans of Patients ..................................................16 Segmentation and Reconstruction of Real Patient Teeth from the CBCT and Optical Data .................................................................17 v Part C: Statistical Analysis.........................................................................18 Comparison of Mean Root Forms, Real vs. Predicted.........................18 Comparison of Individual Teeth Measurements, Real vs. Predicted ..............................................................................................19 Correlation Within the 76 Extracted Teeth Population........................19 Reliability Tests ...................................................................................19 Results ..............................................................................................................20 Part 1: Shape Modeled Roots vs. Real Roots (EDMA) .............................20 Part 2: Shape Modeled Teeth vs. Real Teeth (ICC) ...................................20 Part 3: Correlation Within 76 Extracted Teeth Population (Spearman’s Rho) ......................................................................................21 Discussion ........................................................................................................31 Part 1: Shape Modeled Roots vs. Real Roots (EDMA) .............................32 Part 2: Shape Modeled Teeth vs. Real Teeth (ICC) ...................................35 Part 3: Correlation Within 76 Extracted Teeth Population (Spearman’s Rho) ......................................................................................37 Limitations of Study and Recommendations for Future Studies ...............38 Conclusions ......................................................................................................41 References ........................................................................................................43 Appendices A. Visual Comparison of Real and Predicted Root Forms, Registered at the Crown..................................................................................................................49 B. Raw Data .............................................................................................................57 C. Python Scripts .....................................................................................................65 vi FIGURES Figure Page 1. SSM Landmarks.............................................................................................……15 2. SSM Mean Tooth Mesh .........................................................................................16 3. Merged Crown and Root ........................................................................................18 4. EDMA: Real vs. Predicted Roots ..........................................................................23 5. Bootstrapped T-Values: Real vs. Predicted Roots .................................................24 6. Scatterplot: Real vs. Predicted Teeth .....................................................................26 7. EDMA: Segmentation Reliability ..........................................................................29 8. Bootstrapped T-Values: Segmentation Reliability ...............................................30 9. SSM Top 3 Components of Variation ...................................................................33 vii TABLES Table Page 1. Landmark Point Definitions ...................................................................................15 2. Root Comparison Landmarks ................................................................................22 3. ICC: Real vs. Predicted Teeth Forms ....................................................................25 4. Normality Tests: 76 Extracted Teeth .....................................................................26 5. Spearman’s Rho: 76 Extracted Teeth ....................................................................27 6. ICC: Segmentation Reliability (Overall) ...............................................................28 7. ICC: Segmentation Reliability (Stratified by Measure) .........................................28 viii ABBREVIATIONS SSM Statistical Shape Model CBCT Cone-Beam Computed Tomography EDMA Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis 3D Three-Dimensional 2D Two-Dimensional AAO American Association of Orthodontics IRB Institutional Review Board LLU Loma Linda University FOV Field of
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