DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,699,627 Bailey 45) Date of Patent: Oct

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,699,627 Bailey 45) Date of Patent: Oct United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,699,627 Bailey 45) Date of Patent: Oct. 13, 1987 (54) INDIGO-DYEABLE POLYESTER FIBERS Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert H. Falk; David M. AND PRETREATMENT OF POLYESTER TO Carter; Jeffrey S. Boone PRODUCE SAME 57 ABSTRACT 75) Inventor: Bobby J. Bailey, Candler, N.C. A new and useful indigo-dyeable polyester is disclosed, 73 Assignee: ; Akzona Incorporated, New York, and process for making same, for which a suitable poly ester has had applied to its surface an amount of a suit N.Y. able indigo dye retaining compound effective to pro 21 Appl. No.: 473,489 vide said polyester with indigo fastness properties simi lar to cotton. The new indigo dyeable polyester may be 22 Filed: Mar. 9, 1983 employed in the manufacture of a staple material 51) Int. Cl." .............................................. C09B 67/00 blended with cotton in predetermined amounts depend 52 U.S. Cl. ........................................... 8/602; 8/581; ing on the end use desired, e.g., 50:50 by weight for 8/606; 8/653; 8/922 cotton denims (e.g., jeans). Preferable indigo dye retain 58) Field of Search ................... 8/495, 581, 653, 602, ing compounds comprise monomers dioleylamine and 8/606 dicocoamine. Other suitable indigo dye retaining mono mers are disclosed, inter alia, having the formula: 56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS R T100,201 : 1/1981 Logulio ................................... 8/495 3,504,998 4/1970 Speier ...... 8/581 R 3,527.556 9/1970 Riley ... ... 8/17 R 3,793,341 2/1974 Genta ........... 8A653 3,960,479 6/1976 Tsujimoto et al ... 8A650 wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10-18 carbons; 4,313,732 2/1982 Teague et al. ...... ... 8/54 R2 is alkyl, alkylaryl, or alkenyl of about 8-18 carbons, 4.335,185 6/1982 Adeiman et al. ... 8/115.6 R-CH2-NO2, R-CH-NH, where R is alkyl or 4,369,213 1/1983 Adelman et al. .................... 8/115.6 alkenyl from one to eighteen carbons; and R3 is hydro FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS gen or alky from one to about twelve carbons. A pro cess is also disclosed for treating a meltspun suitable 54.77778 6/1979 Japan . polyester fiber with an amount (e.g., about 0.25%-2.0% OTHER PUBLICATIONS by weight) of a suitable indigo dye retaining compound “Ultrablue Denims", Canadian Textile, p. 16, (Oct. effective to provide said polyester fiber with indigo 1982). fastness properties similar to cotton. Primary Examiner-A. Lionel Clingman 2 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures Washfastness of indigo Dye on Polyester Pretreated with Amine Compounds OO 8O Ar Polyester Pretreated with Dioleylamine (2.0%) BF Polyester Pretreated with Dicocoamine (2.O.) O SO 50 4 O 3O Untreated Polyester O 2 3. 4. 5 AATCC A Washes Accelerosted rests an O 5 O 5 2O 25 Sintilated one Leunderings U.S. Patent Oct 13, 1987 Sheet 1 of 3 4,699,627 º#7oolºvIIsausomv U.S. Patent Oct. 13, 1987 Sheet 2 of 3 4,699,627 Polyester Staple Fiber Manufacturing Process Showing Points For Possible Addition (k) of indigo Dye able Additive Spinning Spin Finish/Indigo Dyeable sk Additive Application Collection of Yarns From Spinning Mochine into Contoiners Collection of Yorns From Containers to Make O Large Tow Finish Bath/Indigo Dyeable Additive Application K (~70 - 75c) Drawing Crimping Drying Cutting Baling Shipping FIGURE 2 U.S. Patent Oct. 13, 1987 Sheet 3 of 3 4,699,627 Polyester Filament Yarn Mann facturing Process Showing Points For Possible Addition (k) of indigo Dye able Additive Spin Finish/Indigo Dyeable Additive Application (%) Winding Draw texturing After oil/lindigo winding Dye able Additive Application (k) Afteroil/indigo Afteroll/Indigo Dye able Additive Dyeable Additive Application (k) Application (k) Shipping Shipping Shipping FIGURE 3 4,699,627 2 polyester is also said to give controlled fading during INDGO-DYEABLE POLYESTER FIBERS AND "wash-down' to a soft lighter blue coloration. CANA PRETREATMENT OF POLYESTER TO PRODUCE DIAN TEXTILE at 16 (October 1982). SAME Defensive Publication T100,201 to Logulio (pub lished Jan. 6, 1981) of DuPont further discloses a poly BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION meric Salt coating having the following repeating units: 1. Field of the Invention The instant invention relates to the field of man-made fibers and, in particular, to the manufacture of polyester fibers used in wear apparel. Further, the instant inven 10 tion relates to the indigo-dyeing of polyester fiber. Spe (CH-C) cifically, the present invention relates to coated polyes O=cC-O-R-N-R: X ter fibers which are indigo-dyeable and possess wash R4 / N R down and crocking resistance similar to indigo-dyed cotton fibers, and to processes for preparing such fibers. 5 Problems of the classic prior art in indigo polyester 2. Description of the Prior Art, and Other Informa dyeing are exemplified by the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. ton 3,527,556 to Riley, where artisans are taught to dye Indigo is a vat dye, known in India since the earliest poly(glycol terephthalate) with natural or synthetic periods for which historical records exist. Indigo has had for centuries such as aura of mystique that Sir Issac indigo at the boil, in an aqueous bath between about pH Newton included it as one of the colors of the spectrum. 4 and 6 in the presence of sodium ions and sodium hy Dating back to early times, indigo has been used in drosulfite, to transform the indigo into the yellow so dyeing of textiles and printing; cultivation of the indigo dium leuco form, followed by oxidizing the indigo to its plant in India and other countries and its extraction, blue form; in other words, to dye polyester with indigo commercial manufacturing of indigo from anthraqui 25 dye in a similar manner as with other vat dyes. We have none, and indigo dyeing of cotton and wool have been found this type of process to be unsatisfactory insofar as the subject of much interest and reporting in the litera the indigo-dyed polyester does not simulate the fastness ture. See CIBA Review, No. 85 (April 1957); Trotman, properties of indigo-dyed cotton, e.g., denim. DYEING AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF U.S. Pat. No. 3,504,998 to Speier discloses a process TEXTILE FIBERS (Griffin Publ. Co., London, 4th for coloring non-siliceous textile fibers, e.g., acrylics, edition, 1970) at 474-487; B. Kramrisch, "Dyeing and polyesters and saran, with: Printing With Indigo", AMERICAN DYESTUFF (1) an aqueous solution of an organo-silicon com REPORTER at 34-38 (November 1980); THE THE pound selected from the group consisting of ORY OF COLORATION OF TEXTILES (C. L. Bird (A) water soluble reaction products of water and a et al., editors, Dyers Co. Publications Trust London, 35 polyaminoalkylsilane of the formula: 1975) at 43, 120; and THE APPLICATION OF VAT DYES (American Association of Textile Chemists & Colorists, 1953), AATCC Monograph No. 2 at 1-3 and 220-23. where x is an integer from 0 to 1 inclusive, each R vat dyes are insoluble in water and cannot be used for dyeing without 40 is an alkyl radical of less than 4 carbon atoms; R' is modification. When treated with reducing agents, vat dyes are con an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing a num verted into leuco compounds-all of which are soluble in water in the presence of alkalis. ber of carbon atoms selected from the group con Indigo dye and its homologues are now used almost sisting of 1 and more than 2 carbon atoms and exclusively on cotton (cellulosics) in the production of having a valence of n+1 where n is an integer of at denims. It has poor color fastness properties which are 45 least 1; Z is a monovalent radical attached to R' by aesthetically appealing for this end-use and which fade a carbon-nitrogen bond and is composed of carbon, in a predictable manner. It is applied by multiple pad nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms, and further contains ding of leuco indigo dye at ambient temperature foll at least two amine groups, the ratio of carbon lowed by air oxidation after each padding. atoms to nitrogen atoms in the substituent -R'Zn Unfortunately, this method of application to polyes 50 being less than 6:1; and R' is a monovalent hydro ter results in only staining of the polyester to a light carbon radical free of aliphatic unsaturation; and color. Therefore, when polyester is used either in inti (B) water soluble acid salts of (A); and mate blends or as filament yarns in combination with (2) a textile dye stuff. cotton for producing denim fabrics, the classic result is U.S. Pat. No. 3,793,341 to Genta and U.S. Pat. Nos. an undesirable contrast of the stained polyester with the 55 3,960,479 and 4,032,539, each to Tsujimoto et al., are deeply dyed cotton. illustrative of the prior art in that novel synthetic in U.S. Pat. No. 4,335,185 and its divisional U.S. Pat. digoid compounds are claimed which are alleged to be No. 4,369,213 to Adelman et al. of duPont de Nemours more active in dyeing with polyester fibers than the and Co. ("duPont'), Wilmington, Del, disclose a cross natural indigo dye counterparts. However, it can be linked polyvinyl alcohol polymer-coated polyester fiber 60 fairly said in the fastness properties of the resulting dyed wherein the underlying polyester fiber is dyed with a polyester, the public has been unsatisfied with the re dye other than indigo dye in order to provide a base sults vis-a-vis cotton, e.g., denim.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carbon Disulfide
    criteria for a recommended standard OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CARBON DISULFIDE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health MAY 1977 F°r by the Superintendent of Document«, U.S. Government Printing Office, Weehington, D.C. 20402 DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-156 PREFACE The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and safety of workers exposed to an ever-increasing number of potential hazards at their workplace. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has projected a formal system of research, with priorities determined on the basis of specified indices, to provide relevant data from which valid criteria for effective standards can be derived. Recommended standards for occupational exposure, which are the result of this work, are based on the health effects of exposure. The Secretary of Labor will weigh these recommendations along with other considerations such as feasibility and means of implementation in developing regulatory standards. It is intended to present successive reports as research and epidemiologic studies are completed and as sampling and analytical methods are developed. Criteria and standards will be reviewed periodically to ensure continuing protection of the worker. I am pleased to acknowledge the contributions to this report on carbon disulfide by members of the NIOSH staff and the valuable, constructive comments by the Review Consultants on Carbon Disulfide, by the ad hoc committees of the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene and the American Occupational Medical Association, and by Robert B.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to the North Carolina General Assembly on The
    North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Pat McCrory John E. Skvarla, III Governor Secretary October 13, 2014 MEMORANDUM TO: THE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW COMMISSION The Honorable Mike Hager, Co-Chair The Honorable Ruth Samuelson, Co-Chair The Honorable Brent Jackson, Co-Chair FISCAL RESEARCH DIVISION THE JOINT LEGISLATIVE COMMISSION ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS The Honorable Thom Tillis, Co-Chair The Honorable Phil Berger, Co-Chair GENERAL ASSEMBLY FROM: Neal Robbins, Director of Legislative Affairs SUBJECT: Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites Program Report DATE: October 13, 2014 Pursuant to G.S. 130A-310.10, (a) The Secretary shall report on inactive hazardous sites to the Joint Legislative Commission on Governmental Operations, the Environmental Review Commission, and the Fiscal Research Division on or before October 1 of each year. (a1) On or before October 1 of each year, the Department shall report to each member of the General Assembly who has an inactive hazardous substance or waste disposal site in the member's district. Please consider the attached as the formal submission this report. If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me by phone at (919) 707-8618 or via e-mail at [email protected]. cc: Mitch Gillespie, Assistant Secretary for Environment, NCDENR Linda Culpepper, Director of Waste Management, NCDENR Mariah Matheson, Committee Assistant Jeff Hudson, Committee Counsel Jennifer McGinnis, Committee Counsel 1601 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1601 Phone: 919-707-8600 \ Internet: www.ncdenr.gov An Equal Opportunity \ Affirmative Action Employer – 50% Recycled \ 10% Post Consumer Paper Report to the North Carolina General Assembly on the Division of Waste Management’s Inactive Hazardous Sites Program North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sf/ihshome October 2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The N.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Bormann
    MARTIN BORMANN NAZI IN EXILE By Paul Manning To my wife, Peg, and to our four sons, Peter, Paul, Gerald and John, whose collective encouragement and belief in this book as a work of historic impor- tance gave me the necessary persistence [FACSIMILE ELECTRONIC EDITION 2005] and determination to keep going. First edition Copyright © 1981 by Paul Manning All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form except by a newspaper or magazine reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review. Queries regarding rights and permissions should be addressed to: Lyle Stuart Inc., 120 Enterprise Ave., Secaucus, N. J. 07094 Published by Lyle Stuart Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada by Musson Book Company, a division of General Publishing Co. Limited, Don Mills, Ont. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Manning, Paul. Martin Bormann, Nazi in exile. Includes index. 1. Bormann, Martin, 1900-1943[?]. 2. National socialism—Biography. 3. War criminals—Germany— Biography. I. Title. DD247.B65M36 943.086'092'4 [B] 81-5696 ISBN 0-8184-0309-8 AACR2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To Allen W. Dulles, for his encouragement and assurance that I was “on the right track, and should keep going,” after reading my German research notes in preparation for this book, during the afternoons we talked in his house on Q Street in Washington, D.C. To Robert W. Wolfe, director of the Modern Military Branch of the National Archives in Washington, his associate John E. Taylor, and George Chalou, supervisor of archivists in the Suitland, Maryland, branch of the National Archives, whose collective assistance in my search for telling documents from both sides of World War II contributed substantially to the his- torical merits of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Inanda Baptist Church, Asheville, North Carolina / Compiled
    EST. 1884 COMPILED BY: LISA H. DEBRUHL COMPILED BY: LISA H. DEBRUHL COVER: The picture on the cover came from a bookmark. Rev. Bobby Smith had the privilege to visit the Holy Lands in the Spring of 1999. He brought back each member one of these bookmarks. The cross is made of Olive Wood from Gethsemane and the pressed flowers are from the Holy Land. The History Of Inanda Baptist Chruch Asheville, North Carolina Complied By: Lisa Honeycutt DeBruhl ©2000 To Order Copies Of This Book Please Contact: LisaH. DeBruhl 639 Brevard Road Asheville, NC 28806 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/historyofinandabOOdebr Contents Our Inanda 1 Timeline 2 Deeds 3 Community Maps 28 Map of South Africa 29 The Lindley Family 30 Lindley Home 32 Newspaper Articles 37 Photographs 39 Precious Memories 47 Cemetery Inscriptions 52 Cemetery Map 63 Membership Roll 64 1940 Minutes 90 1950 Minutes 118 1960 Minutes 134 1970 Minutes 145 1980 Minutes 157 1990 Minutes 166 Contributors 171 Resources 172 Index 173 Our Inanda Our story begins on December 24, 1884, this is the date when Inanda was established and dedicated to the Lord. The first pastor was Rev. William Springs. The first deacons were George W. Ballard, J. B. Ingle and J. H. Davis. Mr. Rufus Miller was the first Sunday School Superintendent and Church Clerk. As you read through these pages you will notice that J. B. Ingle and the Ingle family played a major role in the growth of the church. The beginning of our church has yet to reveal itself, and the meaning of Inanda has been found in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Rollins Alumni Record, Summer 1982 Rollins College Office Ofa M Rketing and Communications
    Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Rollins Magazine Marketing and Communications Summer 1982 Rollins Alumni Record, Summer 1982 Rollins College Office ofa M rketing and Communications Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/magazine Recommended Citation Rollins College Office of Marketing and Communications, "Rollins Alumni Record, Summer 1982" (1982). Rollins Magazine. Paper 285. http://scholarship.rollins.edu/magazine/285 This Magazine is brought to you for free and open access by the Marketing and Communications at Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rollins Magazine by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ;(S®ffi ROLLINS COLLEGE • SUMMER 1982 • * i '« j m fieport of tfie College 1981-82 A RECORD OF SUPPORT ^\ A« ; j H>% ■^M ^JJ^B ^B . -^ j^i lift* NJ ROLLINS COLLEGE ns@(£©Gi£ EDITOR/DESIGNER MARY WETZEL WISMAR '76 VOLUME 59 NUMBER 3 SUMMER 1982 MANAGING EDITOR WILLIAM R. GORDON '51 ALUMNI OFFICE STAFF WILLIAM R. GORDON '51 Report of the College L Executive Director MARY W. WISMAR '76 Coordinator of Publications Alumnews ^4 SALLY SHINKLE COMBS '67 Records Update 26 DIANA S. JOHNSON Administrator, Alumni Relations DOROTHY J. VANDAYBURG Secretary The Alumni Record (USPS 470-060) is published quarterly (Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer) by the Rollins College Alumni Association, Winter Park, Florida 32789 for alumni and friends of the College. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE POD forms 3579 should be sent to: Alumni Office, Box 2736, Rollins College, Winter Park, Chairman: C. DOUGLAS KERR, '66 Florida 32789. Second class postage paid at Winter Park, Florida 32789.
    [Show full text]
  • Archived Thesis/Research Paper/Faculty Publication from The
    Archived thesis/research paper/faculty publication from the University of North Carolina at Asheville’s NC DOCKS Institutional Repository: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/unca/ The University of North Carolina at Asheville “Shakespeare on a Shoestring:”1 A History of the Montford Park Players A Senior Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the Department of History In Candidacy for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History Asheville, North Carolina November 20, 2015 1 Hazel Robinson, interviewed by author, Asheville, NC, United States, August 25, 2015. Suskauer 1 “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” This iconic quote, taken from William Shakespeare’s As You Like It, was among the first words spoken by the Montford Park Players (MPP) in their maiden season in 1973. This Asheville, North Carolina- based theatre company stages free outdoor productions of the works of William Shakespeare and has been a key fixture in the artistic community since its foundation. The founder of the company, Hazel Robinson, has worked tirelessly since that time to provide Asheville with quality community theatre while forging strong relationships with the Asheville Parks and Recreation Department and with other theatres and community organizations. Over the past forty-three years, MPP has developed from a tiny group of dedicated volunteers performing in Montford Park to a fully-fledged nonprofit organization boasting the third-highest audience of any outdoor drama in North Carolina as well as its own permanent amphitheatre. In that stretch of time Hazel Robinson’s vision, perpetuated by MPP’s volunteers and aided by the Asheville Department of Parks and Recreation, has brought fruition to the idea that the works of Shakespeare are a resource which every English speaker has a right to experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Proven Profits from Pollution Prevention
    PROVEN PROFITS FROM POLLUTION PREVENTION: CASE STUDIES IN RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND WASTE REDUCTION Donald Huisingh, Ph.D. Larry Martin Helene Hilger Neil Seldman, Ph.D. Institute for Local Self-Reliance 2425 18th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 232-4108 Since 1974, the Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR), a research and educational organization, has provided technical information and assistance to city, county, and state governments, and citizen and neighborhood organizations. ILSR focuses on energy and waste utilization from a common sense economic development perspective, PLSR works exclusively in urban areas. Current ILSR projects are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Saint Paul, Minnesota; Newark, Trenton, and Edison, New Jersey; Cleveland, Ohio; Fayetteville, Charlotte, Durham, and Asheville, North Carolina; Providence, Rhode Island; Boston, Cape Cod, and New Bedford, Massachusetts; New Haven, Connecticut; Washington, D.C,; and Gainesville, Florida. Staff of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance: Co-directors: David Morris, Ph.D. Neil Seldman, Ph.D. Energy and Economic Development Waste Utilization/Economic Development David Morris, Ph.D. John Plunkett Neil Seldman, Ph.D. Jack Gleason, M.S. Larry Martin David Peterson, L.L.B., M.A. Ken Woodruff, M.E. Rick Anthony, M.A. Don Huisingh, Ph.D. Mary Appelhof, M.S. Donald Rowe Administration David Bardaglio Jan Simpson Copyright @ 1986 by Donald Huisingh and Institute for Local Self -Reliance 2425 18th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 232-4108 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing from the Institute for Local Self-Reliance.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the HONORABLE DAVID B. SENTELLE First Interview July 7
    THE HONORABLE DAVID B. SENTELLE First Interview July 7, 2003 This interview is being conducted on behalf of the Oral History Project of the Historical Society of the District of Columbia Circuit. The interviewee is the Honorable David B. Sentelle, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The interviewer is David Frederick. The interview took place on July 7, 2003. This is the first interview. MR. FREDERICK: This is David Frederick here to do the oral history of Judge David Sentelle. I’m with the Judge in Chambers. It is July 7, 2003, at about 10:20 in the morning. Good morning, Judge. JUDGE SENTELLE: Good morning, David. MR. FREDERICK: Thank you for doing your oral history for the D.C. Circuit Historical Society. Why don’t we begin by you telling us your full name and your date of birth? JUDGE SENTELLE: David Bryan Sentelle, February 12, 1943. MR. FREDERICK: Where were you born? JUDGE SENTELLE: Canton, North Carolina. MR. FREDERICK: Now I think I read that you were not born in hospital? JUDGE SENTELLE: That’s correct. I run into people occasionally who tell me I couldn’t have been born in Canton because there is no hospital there. I tell them that I was neither sick nor in need of an operation and, therefore, it’s not necessary that you get to a hospital. It’s only necessary that you be near your mother at the time and she didn’t go to the hospital so I didn’t either.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Accident Simulations with Apparel Fabrics
    NBS PUBLICATIONS A11104 053268 NBSIR 79-1755 Fire Accident Simulations with Apparel Fabrics A. W. Meierhoefer, E. Braun, J. F. Krasny and R. D. Peacock Center for Fire Research National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 June 1979 Final Report U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 100 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS ,U56 79-1755 1979 C.2 SCF&23 3 f 1980 mm$\Ct C i fit NBSIR 79-1755 14 ' FIRE ACCIDENT SIMULATIONS WITH APPAREL FABRICS A W. Meierhoefer, E. Braun, J. F. Krasny and R. D. Peacock Center for Fire Research National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, D C. 20234 June 1 979 Final Report U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director ) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES iv Abstract 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. EXPERIMENTAL 4 2.1 The Apparatus 4 2.2 Data Acquisition and Computation 6 2.3 Fabrics 8 2.4 Simulation Procedure 8 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15 3.1 Total Heat Delivered to AFMA 19 3.1.1 Free-Hanging Mode 19 3.1.2 Reaction Mode 19 3.2 Injury Area 20 3.3 Maximum Rate of Increase of Injury Area 20 3.3.1 Free-Hanging Mode 20 3.3.2 Reaction Mode 20 3.4 Time to Ignite 21 3.5 Reaction Time 21 3.6 Overall Evaluation of Fabrics 21 4. FUTURE WORK 24 5. REFERENCES 24 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • (Cigarette Ignition Resistance) of Upholstered Furniture, PFF 6-76
    ° F STAND & TECH III miTi AlllOb c17^0fi7 A 1 1 1 1 7 2 b 5 2 fl NBSIR 78-1438 Back-Up Report for the Proposed Standard for the Flammability (Cigarette Ignition Resistance) of Upholstered Furniture, PFF 6-76 Joseph J. Loftus Center for Fire Research National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 June 1978 Final Report “ ’QC U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 100 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS ,U56 78-1438 National Brno of Standards APR j 7 1979 NBS1R 78-1438 * * y BACK-UP REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED STANDARD FOR THE FLAMMABILITY (CIGARETTE IGNITION RESISTANCE) OF UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE, PFF 6-76 Joseph J. Loftus Center for Fire Research National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 June 1978 Final Report U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director i CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES . vi Abstract 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. OBJECTIVE 2 2.1. The National Household Fire Survey 2 2.2. The Flammable Fabrics Accident Case and Testing System (FFACTS) 3 2.3. Analysis of Fire Accident Scenarios by the Fire Incidence Data Organization (FIDO) Maintained by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ... 4 2.4. Notice of Finding — Federal Register, November 29, 1972 5 2.5. Development of the Proposed Standard 5 3. SwRI RESEARCH (IDENTIFICATION OF THE HAZARDS) 6 4. CFR - EXAMINATION OF THE PROBLEM 6 5. TESTING PHASE I 7 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide
    criteria for a recommended standard — OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health MAY 1977 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W ashington, D.C. 20402 DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-158 PREFACE The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and provide for the safety of workers exposed to an ever-increasing number of potential hazards at their workplace. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has projected a formal system of research, with priorities determined on the basis of specified indices, to provide relevant data from which valid criteria for effective standards can be derived. Recommended standards for occupational exposure, which are the result of this work, are based on the health effects of exposure. The Secretary of Labor will weigh these recommendations along with other considerations such as feasibility and means of implementation in developing regulatory standards. It is intended to present successive reports as research and epidemiologic studies are completed and as sampling and analytical methods are developed. Criteria and standards will be reviewed periodically to ensure continuing protection of the worker. I am pleased to acknowledge the contributions to this report on hydrogen sulfide by members of the NIOSH staff and the valuable constructive comments by the Review Consultants on Hydrogen Sulfide, by the ad hoc committees of the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene and the American Occupational Medical Association, and by Robert B.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Polyamide Fibers a Thesis
    NONLINEAR VISCOELASTICITY OF POLYAMIDE FIBERS A THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Division of Graduate Studies and Research by Frank Koon-F\m Ko In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Textile Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Sei)tember 1976 %. A NONLINEAR VISCOEIASTICITY OF P«H,TAMIDE FIBERS Approved: John L, Lundberg, Chairjaan Denny W, Fr^^^oh, Jr, J6iin D, Muzzy t L, Howard Olson ttorge M. m^tfcepls/ 1 • Date approved by Chairman ii DEDICATION To My MOTHER, KING HIN CHANG, who lived without a son for eight years; WIFE, CATHERINE, who lived without a husband for three years; and DAUGHTER, KARA, who lived without a father for one year ill I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I I I wish to express ny sincere appreciation for the following per­ sons who contributed directly and indirectly to this research and to my learning experience: Professor John L. Lundberg, my thesis advisor, who broadened my reseiurch interests and deeply influenced nry view toward science. Professor W, D. Freeston, Jr., Director of the School of Textile Engineering and member of my thesis advisory committee, from whom I learned textile mechanics and who arranged for ny continuing financial support, f * Professor Hyland Y-L. Chen, friend and member of the faculty of the School of Engineering Science and Mechanics, who taught me the mathematical methods of viscoelasticity, introduced me to new concepts of data acquisition systems, and allowed me unlimited access to equip­ ment in his laboratory, I Professor W. C. Boteler, for his continuous Interest in my work and for his patience in reading my thesis.
    [Show full text]