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PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2020) 57(9): 2444-2450 ISSN: 00333077 Analysis Ofislah Movement Development In The Current Social Movement In Malaysia Ibrahim MajdiMohamad Kamil1, Wan Mohd AshrafAdlin Wan Draman2, Noor Farhana Ahmad Pazil.3 Centre for Fundamental Studies, International Centre for Halal Studies, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper seeks to analyze the development of the influences of Islah in the context of Islamic politics in Malaysia since its inception in its development. This study adopts qualitative methods. This study used a library data collection methodology which was largely precedents on primary and secondary sources. In the data continuous methodology, this paper is generally using a critical analysis method to analyse data on the history of growth of the Islah movement in Malaysia to see how the current Islah movement can be related with the early Islah movement. While the content analysis method focuses on the influence of Islamic social movements in Islamic politics Malaysia post GE-14. This paper continuedthe analysis of William Roff on the development of the Islah movement until the impact of government administration nowadays. The discovery of this paper concluded that the development of the Islah movement has given significant influence on Islamic politics particularly in Malaysia as a result of the participation of Islamic Movement activists into cabinets and the introduction of the concept of rahmatan Lil Alamin. Keywords islah, social movement, kaummuda, Malay intellectual. Article Received: 10 August 2020, Revised: 25 October 2020, Accepted: 18 November 2020 Introduction ‘Kaum Muda’ As An Early Movement Islah In The „kaummuda‟ according to William Roff (1967) was one Malaysia of the social movements that champions the spirit of nationalism and brought the thought of Islah during the pre- Researchers will describe briefly the history and independence era. Although the young people may no development of the „kaummuda‟in Malaysia. The longer be relevant in the social realities of the Malaysian „kaummuda‟ according to William Roff (1967) was one of society, the ideology of the reform or Islah is seen to be the Nationalists movement in Malaysia in the British fertile especially in the circumstances of movement either colonial era. They champion the newer Islamic ambitions through political societies or parties in Malaysia. In previous compared to traditional groups, which are also called study by William Roff and other academician, the Islah „kaumtua‟. movement only focuses on the movement during the pre- These terms were popularized by William R. Roff in his indepence and the rise of Islamic movement on the 70s to book ' The Origins of Malay Nationalism ' in 1967. Among 90s period only. This study will focus on the development of the early pioneering names of this thought were the Sheikh the Islah movement that has been brought by the Tahir Jalaluddin in Perak, Abu Bakar al-Ash'ari in Perlis, „kaummuda‟ to the thought of the Malay community Wan Haji Nik Abdullah bin Hj Wan Musa in Kelantan who especially nowadays.This research also willdiscuss the brought the idea of reform to Malaya while Syed Sheikh Al „kaummuda‟ as the development of Islah movement Hadi was actively involved in spreading the ideology nowadays influenced by the ideology of the „kaummuda‟ through the literary literature, newspapers and magazines so movement. that the nationalists's spirit would be able to inspire the spirit According to Schaefer (2013: 395) the collective effort of of the Malays According to Abdul Rahman Abdullah (2010) individuals organized into social movements can ultimately The figures of the Islahmovement were heavily influenced lead to change. Schaefer collected several approaches of from Egypt and India such as Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, social movement such as Relative Deprivation approach by Sheikh Waliullah al- Dihlawi, Sayyid Jamaluddin al- Wilson (1973) and Resource Mobilization approach by Afghani, Sheikh Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Ridha. Gamson (1989). The relative deprivation is the feeling of Therefore, in general, this ideology brings the idea of reform dissatisfaction towards the unfair treatments and negative especially in Islamic thinking in Malaysia. differences between two groups. An individual action will According to Kamarudin Salleh (2007:48), among not be enough to content the frustration. Therefore, the other names of the group among others are the collective actions are needed or known as social movement. groupsareTajdid, Islah, SahwanIslamiyyahandIhya ' Islam. In the Resource Mobilization approach, an effective and This shows that young people are only names, but the bigger successful social movement is depending on the utilization is thought or ideology brought into Malay communities of media, political influence, money, and charismatic especially in Malaysia. Among the aspects of reform carried leadership (Schaefer, 2013: 395). out that they did not oppose the knowledge or education of 2444 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2020) 57(9): 2444-2450 ISSN: 00333077 the West, but the knowledge should be adapted to Islam. Egypt but has given the influence of Islamic movements This brought approach is different from the former around the world including Malaysia. Conservative scholars who still maintain traditional Islamic The Islah movement in Malaysia also expanded approaches and knowledge. gradually. The movement began to evolve in Singapore, Mohamad Kamil (1996:33) noted that the majority followed by the Straits Settlements including Penang and of thescholars of the Malay Archipelago at that time could Melaka, later expanded in the Federated Malay States of not run away from sufism influences which more focused on Perak, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan until eventually religious field and consider that modern knowledge at that expanding to the non-federated Malay States of Kelantan, time is less important. The same was also expressed by Johor and achieving its peak in Perlis (Abdul Rahman Jaffary Awang and Kamarudin Salleh (2007:42) which Abdullah,1997:211). In fact, the result of the development states the group of conservative groups felt that Western of the Islah movement, has advent the first Islamic political power was not a threat as they believed to be the height of party in Malaya which is the Hizbull Muslim Party the Muslim status than non-Muslims. This has been the (HAMIM) established by Abu Bakar Al-Baqir in basis for two conflicts of Islamic thinking in Malaysia and is GunungSemanggol, Perak. The Hizbull Party of Muslims a collection of the issue between young and old people or took the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt traditional groups with new groups. which established an Islamic-based political party. Based on our observation, the existence of „kaummuda‟ in However, the Muslim Hizbul party did not compete Malaya is an important event due to the commencement of in the election when it was said that HAMIM party had links the thought of the thinking of a social movement. Before to the Malayan Communist Party (PKM). The Malayan Bull that, there might be a ' minded scholar ', but the thinking of party is banned under the emergency law of 1948 by an IslahHowever, the researchers express that there was English party. The seven leaders of HAMIM including his confusion when William Roff stated that the young people's heads, Abu Bakar al-Baqir were detained by the British. movement was a nationalism movement. While their followers had joined UMNO, and later founded According to the „Kamus Dewan‟ dictionary, nationalism the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (Abdul Halim Ramli means love feelings in his own country and race. In fact, et.al, 2017:168). most of the terms of nationalism are used refers to a sense of love and pride in his own country and race. This is different Social Movements In 1970s from the „kaummuda‟ movement that puts religion i.e. Islam as a major struggle compared to the struggle for the nation. Post World War II saw the fall of Muslim empires The movement focused on this Islamic struggle appears to worldwide including in southeast Asia. In Malaysia, the be reaction to the colonial-powers of the West. colonial effect saw the fall of the Empire of the Muslim During the colonial era, Europe has prompted to expand the government in Malaya and was replaced by a secular and Empire by bringing the objectivesof ' 3G', which are „Gold‟, western colonial rule. Researchers take post 70s as an 'Gospel 'and 'Glory '. One of the objectives of the western important timeline when several significant events occur and Colonial 'Gospel' refers to an expansion in religious form the result of more of the Islah movements that appear in where the western colonists not only wanted to expand the Malaysia. empire of the colony and the economy alone, but also After the fall of Muslim heritage during the wanted to expand the Islamic religion to the colonials. colonial era of the West Power, the 1960s saw the Islamic Hence, the existence of an Islamic movement in response to culture trying to return steadily. In addition, when there was this western movement. The influence of this Islamic a conflict between the Arab and Israel in 1967, some had movement also affects the Islamic movement in Malaysia. raised the spirit of Islamic awakening everywhere. Added Hence, the researchers feel that it should be corrected that Kersten (2009:90), the conflict in southeast Asia such as the the „kaummuda‟ movement is not just a Malay nationalism communist threat in Singapore and the conflict between the movement as stated by William Roff but the „kaummuda‟ ethnic group in Malaysia also affected the encouragement of movement is a movement that has been in Islam as a key Islamic awakening in Malaysia. In the 1970s also saw the focus by bringing the thought in it.The Islah movement spirit of Islamic awakening increasingly heightened when continues to evolve with a more structured movement the revolution in Iran.