ICSAFS 2011
International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Challenges and Opportunities
Bandung-Indonesia, 27-28 September 2011
Program Book
UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN www.agroconference.unpad.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ______i REPORT OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE______iii WECLOMING AND OPENING SPEECH______v COMMITTEE______vii PROGRAM AT A GLANCE______ix GENERAL INFORMATION______xi SCHEDULE OF PARALLEL SESSIONS______xv ABSTRACT OF ORAL SESSIONS______1 ABSTRACT OF POSTER SESSIONS ______109 LIST OF SPONSORS______225 PARTICIPANT LIST______227
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia i ii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia REPORT OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE
His Excellency Vice Minister of Agriculture,
Distinguished speakers, participants, Ladies and Gentlemen,
May I wish you a very good morning,
On behalf of committee, I would like to extend a warm welcome to Vice Minister of Agriculture and all fellow participants to this conference. It gives me a great honor to host this conference in our university, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. The conference is jointly organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Industrial Agricultural Technology, and Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences.
The conference is attended by 350 participants from 25 countries, including researchers, lecturers, students, government institution and non-governmental organization. The organizing committee received 120 papers for oral presentations, and about 150 papers for poster presentations. The scientific meeting will be arranged into 2 general plenary presentation by 12 invited speakers delivered by 4 Indonesian invited speakers and 8 overseas speakers; 6 parallel sessions as well as poster session during two day conference. The subjects range from the strategy and policy towards achievement of sustainable agriculture for food security in the context of climate change and energy crisis. I am sure that the selected topics will provide you with a wealth of information and many opportunities for discussions.
The conference aims to promote mutual understanding, to develop international cooperation and information sharing regarding the challenges and opportunities of sustainable agriculture and food security. It also seeks to enhance networking as well as the creation of strategic alliances between various stakeholders and to make a recommendation for achievement of sustainable agriculture for food security.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia iii High appreciation is also addressed to the distinguished speakers who kindly responded in a positive way to our request. The conference can be held on time due to various help and supports. On behalf of committee, please allow me to express our grateful appreciation and sincere thank especially to PT Syngenta Indonesia, PT Vitafarm, Bank BNI-46, Bank Mandiri, and Bank BJB and those who have contributed and supported to the success of the conference. Our appreciation goes particularly to your kind enthusiasms and positive respond to this meeting. I wish you a successful scientific meeting and hopefully come to further collaboration for your research activities. In the last I wish you all have a nice seminar and have a good time in Bandung.
Thank you.
Prof. Dr. Benny Joy Chairman of the Steering Committee
iv ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia WECLOMING AND OPENING SPEECH
His Excellency Vice Minister of Agriculture, Member of Steering Committee, Participants, Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Good morning, On behalf of Universitas Padjadjaran, please allow me to extend our warmest welcome and greetings to all participants from the various countries that are here with us in our campus in Bandung. I would like to congratulate and greatly appreciate to the committee of the International Conference: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Challenges and Opportunities, who has organized seminar intensively, as consequence, this conference could be taken place in time as we all intended.
It is our great pleasure and honor to host this very important conference which has been jointly organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Industrial Agricultural Technology, and Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences.
I realize that all of you are fully dedicated to the sessions that will follow but I do hope you will also take time to enjoy fascinating Indonesia with its tropical setting, friendly people and various cultural cuisines. These gatherings also enable the building of a productive dialogue among countries. It will also provide invaluable opportunity for networking and fruitful contacts among participants from various countries.
This event is a part of several activities of the 54th anniversary commemoration of our university. Since sustainable agriculture and food security are very important issues in Indonesia, Universitas Padjadjaran has also considered this issue to be very vital for agricultural sciences development as well as for the country development program in agriculture as a whole. Our university has been working to promote food security and sustainable agriculture system through research, dissemination, education, community ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia v services and professional practice. We take an interdisciplinary approach to the environmental sustainability, health and socio- cultural aspects of food security.
As we know that global populations is rising rapidly, world agriculture faces critical challenge of producing and distributing sufficient food, feed, and fiber to meet increasing demand in conditions of changing climate and scarce natural resources. Innovative policies and new farming approaches based on a strong scientific base are needed to tackle the challenge of increasing agricultural production while also meeting environmental, economic, and social goals. In this meeting, we expect that the key concept of sustainable agriculture in promoting the conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources, which allows long term economic growth and enhancement of production capacity, along with being environmentally acceptable will be delivered.
Meanwhile four dimensions of food security i.e. availability, physical access, economic access and utilization, are gained much more attentions by many countries in the world. Due to the fact that the rise in food prices in 2007-2008, followed by the financial and economic crisis in 2009, has keen awareness on poverty and hunger issues around the world. Indonesia addresses this concern domestically through measures such as rice self-sufficiency efforts, diversifying food sources, supporting local farms, technology innovations and many more efforts.
Today and tomorrow we will be witnessing, discussing and listening to progress that have been made in the area of sustainable agriculture and food security from different parts of the world. I wish the participants a very fruitful and productive meeting and I am looking forward to hearing the outcome and constructive conclusions of this meeting. Herewith I officially open this conference.
Thank you.
Prof. Dr. Ganjar Kurnia Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran vi ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia COMMITTEE
Steering Committee 1. Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran 2. Vice Rector for Cooperation Universitas Padjadjaran 3. Dean of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran 4. Dean of Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Padjadjaran 5. Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Padjadjaran 6. Dean of Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology Universitas Padjadjaran 7. Prof. Florin Stanica- Universitatea Stiintifice Agronomice si Medicina Veterinara Romania 8. Prof. Dr. Klaus Wimmers-Leibniz-institut Dummerstorf Germany 9. Prof. Dr. Paul S. Teng-Nanyang Technological University Singapore 10. Dr. Stevica Aleksic- Institute for Animal Husbandry Belgrade- Zemun, Republic of Serbia 11. Prof. Dr. Pasi Lehmousloto-University of Helsinki Finlandia 12. Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohd Zain bin S. Hasan, Faculty of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, UMT Malaysia 13. Prof. Youcai Xiong, MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University, P.R. China
Organizing Committee Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Benny Joy, Ir., M.S.
Secretary: Anne Nurbaity, S.P., M.P., Ph.D Nono Carsono, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia vii Academic Group: Dr. drh. Endang Yuni Setyowati, M.Sc.Ag Novi Mayasari, S.Pt., M.Sc. Dr. Siti Wahyuni H.S., Ir., M.S. Oviyanti Mulyani, S.P., M.Si Edy Subroto, S.T.P., M.P.
Organizing Group: Dr. Hendronoto Arnoldus W. Lengkey Dr. Iskandar, Ir., M.Si. Boy Macklin, S.T.P., M.Si.
Treasury Group: Dr. Rita Rostika, Ir., M.P. Dr. Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Ir., M.P. Tri Yuliana, S.Si., M.Si.
Comunication and information Group: Dr. Lovita Adriani Ichsan Nurul Bari, S.P., M.Si. Shantosa Yudha Siswanto, S.P., M.Sc. Wahyudin Lewaru, S.Pi., M.Sc. Kharistya amaru, S.T.P., M.T.
General Affair: Dr. Wagiono, Ir. Pandi Pardian, S.T., M.B.A. Dr. Tuti Widjastuti, Ir.,M.S.
viii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
Tuesday, 27 September 2011 08.00 - 09.00 Registration 09.00 - 09.05 Opening 09.05 - 09.10 Speech from Chairman of Conference 09.10 - 09.15 Speech from Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran 09.15 - 09.30 Art performance 09.30 - 10.00 Keynote Speech: Vice Minister of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia Sustainable Agriculture to Meet Food Security Needs and Address Climate Change Challenges 10.00 - 10.30 Break 10.30 – 12.00 Plenary I Chair: Prof. Dr. Tarkus Suganda 10.30 - 10.50 Dr. Jack Bobo (USA) Policies to Address The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security 10.50 - 11.10 Prof. Dr. Paul S. Teng (Singapore) Biotechnology to Ensure Food Security
11.10 - 11.30 Prof. Dr. Carmencita Tjahjadi (Indonesia) Diversification of Food Products to Support Food Security: Development of Food Products Based Sorghum Rice and Fluor 11.30 - 12.00 Discussion 12.00 - 13.30 Lunch and Poster Session I 13.30 – 15.00 Plenary II Chair: Dr. Anne Nurbaity 13.30 - 13.50 Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohd. Zain (Malaysia) Biodiversity and Variety Improvement of Crop Plant 13.50 - 14.10 Prof. Dr. Florin Stanica (Rumania) New Fruit Cultivation Technologies in Europe 14.10 - 14.30 Prof. Dr. Youcai Xiong (China) Ecological Rain-Fed Agriculture in Semiarid Loess Plateau of Northwest China 14.30 - 15.00 Discussion 15.00 - 15.30 Break and Poster Session I 15.30 - 17.00 Parallel Presentation 19.00 - 20.30 Dinner hosted by Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia ix Wednesday, 28 September 2011 08.00 – 09.30 Plenary III: Chair: Dr. Tb. Benito A. Kurnani 08.00 - 08.20 Dr. Rochadi Tawaf (Indonesia) Empowering Business of Local “Garut Sheep” for Small Holder Farmers in West Java Indonesia 08.20 - 08.40 Dr. Stevica Aleksic (Serbia) New Technologies for Improvement of Yields and Quality of Beef of Domestic Cattle 08.40 - 09.00 Prof. Dr. Klaus Wimmers (Germany) Application of Genomics Approaches to Unravel the Functional Biodiversity of Farm Animals 09.00 - 09.30 Discussion 09.30 - 10.00 Break and Poster Session II 10.00 – 12.00 Plenary III Chair: Dr. Chay Asdak 10.00 - 10.20 Prof. Dr. Pasi Lehmousloto (Finlandia) Characteristics of Indonesian Lakes and Fisheries Development 10.20 - 10.40 Prof. Dr. Yayat Dhahiyat (Indonesia) Food Security of Floating Net Cage Aquaculture Product in The Lake
10.40 - 11.00 Prof. Dr. Tualar Simarmata (Indonesia) Water Saving and Organic Based Technology for Remediating the Health of Paddy Soils and to Increase Rice Productivity in Indonesia 11.00 - 11.20 Dr. P.V. Vara Prasad (USA) Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture to Improve Crop Productivity and Food Security of Small Holding Farmers in Africa 11.20 - 12.00 Discussion 12.00 - 13.30 Lunch and Poster Session II 13.30 - 14.30 Parallel Presentation II 14.30 - 15.30 Parallel Presentation III 15.30 - 16.00 Break and Poster Session III 16.00 - 17.00 Parallel Presentation III 17.00 - 17.30 Closing Ceremony
x ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia GENERAL INFORMATION
Venue
The venue of the conference is Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata(❼). It is located at main Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Dipati Ukur 35 Bandung, West Java Indonesia. Activities include Opening and Closing Ceremonies, Plenary Sessions, Welcome Dinner, Poster Sessions and Exhibitions will be held here.
For Oral Parallel Presentation Sessions, the rooms are:
1. Auditorium Faculty of Law 4th floor 2. Pleno Room 3. Bale Rumawat 4. Rectorate Hall, 3rd floor 5. Postgraduate Seminar Room 1, 2nd floor 6. Postgraduate Seminar Room 2. 2nd floor
Map of Venue
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❶ ❺ ❹ ❻ ❸
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xi Registration The registration desk is located in the main front door of Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata. Opening hours: Monday 26 September 2011 16.00 – 17.30 hours Tuesday 27 September 2011 08.00 – 17.00 hours Wednesday 28 September 2011 08.00 – 10.00 hours
Each delegate registered for the conference will receive conference satchels at the registration desk. A name badge with the yellow string will be your official pass and must be worn to obtain entry to all sessions, the exhibition and social functions. The delegate list containing the names, country of origin, organizations and email address of registered delegates are included in the conference satchels.
Finance Bank is available in the campus. Please visit registration desk for help. Delegates who have not make a payment for conference fee, could do the payment when arrived at the conference venue. The payment could be made by cash or credit/debit card (master or visa). The receipt of payment will be given to each delegate.
Presentations Poster Participants with the ID of AGPT001-AGPT065 will display the posters on the first day (27 September 2011) in the panels provided at Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata. The posters with ID start from AGPT066- AGPT140 will be displayed at the second day (28 September 2011). Please visit registration desk to prepare the display of posters one day or at least two hours prior to the presentation session.
xii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia Time of poster session: Tuesday 27 September 2011 I. 12.00 - 13.30 II. 15.00 - 15.30 Wednesday 28 September 2011 I. 09.30 - 10.00 II. 12.00 - 13.30 III. 15.30 - 16.00 Poster presenters should presence at the area of their poster at the time of poster session. The committee will give award to the best 3 poster presentations. The awarded posters will be kept by the committee.
Oral Parallel Session The parallel sessions will be held in the rooms as stated in the venue section. The presentations has been arranged according to the topics. Please check the detail of the schedule (displaying ID AGOR and titles) in this booklet.
The oral presenters are strongly recommended to put the file of presentation in USB flash disk that could be submitted to the organizer one day prior or at least two hours prior to the presentation session.
Time of oral parallel sessions: Tuesday 27 September 2011 I. 15.30 - 17.00 Wednesday 28 September 2011 I. 13.30 - 14.30 II. 14.30 - 15.30 III. 16.00 - 17.00 The committee will give award to the best presentation.
Messages and Wireless Internet All messages received during the conference will be placed on the Message Board in the registration area. To collect or leave messages please visit the Registration Desk. ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xiii
Wireless hot spots are available to all delegates within the conference area. If you wish to access the internet please visit Registration Desk.
Lunch and Morning/Afternoon Coffee/Tea Tuesday 27 September 2011 : 10.00 - 10.30 Morning coffee in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata 12.00 - 13.30 Lunch in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata 15.00 - 15.30 Afternoon coffee in front of each parallel session room
Wednesday 28 September 2011 : 09.30 - 10.00 Morning coffee in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata 12.00 - 13.30 Lunch in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata 15.30 - 16.00 Afternoon coffee in front of each parallel session room
Bandung at a Glance Coordinates : 6o54’53.08” S 107o36’35.32”E Country : Indonesia Province : West Java Culture : Sundanese City area : 167.67 km2 Metron area : 2,216.6 km2 Elevation : 768 m (2520 ft) City Population : 2,393,633 Metro Population : 7,414,560 Time zone : WIB (UTC +7) Climate : Tropical humid Temperature : averaged 23.6oc Weather forcast for Bandung 27-28 September 2011: Partly cloudy with chance of rain 30%. Website : www.bandung.go.id xiv ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia SCHEDULE OF PARALLEL SESSIONS
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xv xvi ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xvii xviii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xix xx ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxi xxii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia INVITED SPEAKERS ICSAFS 2011 BANDUNG INDONESIA
NAME NO ID COUNTRY INSTITUTION E-mail 1 AGIS001 Dr. Bayu Krisna Murti, Ir., MS. Vice Minister of INDONESIA Agriculture Republic of ([email protected]) Indonesia
2 AGIS002 Dr. Jack Bobo Senior Advisor for USA Biotechnology in the ([email protected]) Bureau of Economic, Energy and Business Affairs (EEB) U.S. Department of State
3 AGIS003 Prof. Dr. Paul S. Teng Dean of Graduate SINGAPORE Studies and ([email protected]) Professional Learning Nanyang Technological University
4 AGIS004 Prof. Dr. Carmencita Tjahjadi Faculty of Agro- INDONESIA industrial Technology ([email protected]) Universitas Padjadjaran
5 AGIS005 Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohd. Zain Dean of Faculty of Food MALAYSIA Technology Universiti ([email protected]) Malaysia Terengganu
6 AGIS006 Prof. Dr. Florin Stanica Universitatea Stiintifice RUMANIA Agronomice si Medicina ([email protected]) Veterinara Bucharest
7 AGIS007 Prof. Dr. Youcai Xiong MOE Key Laboratory of CHINA Arid and Grassland ([email protected]) Ecology, Lanzhou University
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxiii 8 AGIS008 Dr. Rochadi Tawaf Faculty of Animal INDONESIA Husbandry Universitas ([email protected]) Padjadjaran
9 AGIS009 Dr. Stevica Aleksic Institute for Animal SERBIA Husbandry Belgrade- ([email protected]) Zemun
10 AGIS010 Prof. Dr. Klaus Wimmers Forschungsinstitut fur GERMANY die Biologie and (wimmers@fbn- wirtschaftlicher dummerstorf.de) Nutztiere
11 AGIS011 Prof. Dr. Pasi Lehmousloto Expedition Indodanau FINLANDIA University of Helsinki, ([email protected]) Finlandia
12 AGIS012 Prof. Dr. Yayat Dhahiyat Faculty of Fisheries and INDONESIA Marine Sciences ([email protected]) Universitas Padjadjaran
13 AGIS013 Prof. Dr. Tualar Simarmata Faculty of Agriculture INDONESIA Universitas Padjadjaran ([email protected])
14 AGIS014 Dr. P.V. Vara Prasad Associate Professor - USA Crop Ecophysiology ([email protected]) 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506
xxiv ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGIS 003
BIOTECHNOLOGY TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY
Professor Paul PS Teng
Senior Fellow (Food Security) S Rajaratnam School of International Studies Centre for non-Traditional Security Studies and Dean, Graduate Studies & Professional Learning National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University, Singapore [email protected]
Abstract
Food security consists of multiple dimensions of Food Availability, Physical Access to food, Economic Access and Food Utilization. Food availability is made up of production, imports and stockpiles, each of different importance to people from food excess or food deficit geographic areas. In the mid 20th Century, food production was a major agenda for international development aid and the subsequent ―Green Revolution‖ of the 1960s helped avoid mass famine in many parts of the world. Today, in a globally connected food supply chain, export of food is becoming more important, and dependent on the excess over consumption at the source of production. Maintaining this excess in the face of growing demands for food and a declining resource base to grow food, as well as challenges from alternate uses for food biomass, all require significant increases in productivity and total yield production in the coming years. The Food and Agriculture Organization, U.N. has estimated that food production will have to increase by minimally 50% to keep pace with demand by 2050. Biotechnology is one set of technologies which offers potential to significantly increase production by increasing yield potential and reducing losses, and concurrently, ameliorating the effects of climate change on food availability, physical access and its utilization. Biotechnology applications ensure food security by increasing the supply of crop-based foodstuffs and include a) Improving ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxv conventional breeding using marker aided selection, b) Diagnostic and early detection tools for reducing losses caused by pests and diseases, c) Increasing the knowledge of genetics and ecology for managing yield and losses (Biodiversity management), and d) Genetic engineering for improved yield and pest resistance traits using transgenes (genetically-modified or ―GM‖ crops). New traits to address changes in the biotic (insect, disease, weeds) and physical (soil, water, nutrients) environment have proven successful in countering extreme weather events arising from climate change. Many of these new traits, such as for drought and submergence tolerance, insect and disease resistance, have been derived through biotech tools such as genetic engineering or marker-aided selection. However, beyond R&D, farmer adoption of new technologies is an issue. A combination of supporting policies, technology and appropriate knowledge extension is required to address food insecurity using biotechnology.
xxvi ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGIS005
BIODIVERSITY AND VARIETY IMPROVEMENT OF CROP PLANT
Sayed M. Zain HASAN (PhD)
Faculty Agro-technology and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Crop diversity is the difference of cultivated plants used for producing food, fodder, fibre, fuel, pharmaceuticals, etc. Nearly 2,500 plant species have been cultivated worldwide and about 120-130 of them have been considered as the commercial crops. Among these, only 30 crops provide 95% of human food and just four of them, i.e. rice, wheat, maize and potatoes provide 60% food for the mankind. Crop plants evolved from the wild species through domestication bringing about genetic, physiological, morphological, and biochemical changes which render the plant differs from its wild form. Nowadays, a wide range of genetic and phenotypic diversity, called plant genetic resources (PGR), exists in the crop species. PGR provides the basic genetic material for improving crop varieties. Knowledge on the collection, documentation, characterization, evaluation and conservation of PGR are important to ensure that effort to save PGR from becoming extinct and make it always available to plant breeders are continued and enhanced. Variety improvement is a process of changing the genetics of plants using plant breeding technique in order to produce plants with characteristics desired by man. Techniques of plant breeding including conventional technique of selection and cross breeding, and the modern techniques of controlled pollination, hybridization, embryo rescue, recombinant DNA, doubling chromosome set/ number will be described in this paper.
Keywords: Diversity, Plant Genetic Resources, Crop Improvement.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxvii AGIS 007
ECOLOGICAL RAIN-FED AGRICULTURE IN SEMIARID LOESS PLATEAU OF NORTHWEST CHINA
You-Cai Xiong
MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Rain-harvesting agriculture has been extensively expanded in north- west China particularly in the rain-fed agricultural areas of Loess Plateau since the end of 1980s. Currently, it is bringing about a revolutionary change to local social and economic and ecological developments, especially supplying enough food and clothing to afford 34.2 million people. This paper presents the developmental processes in traditional livelihood and current economy as a product of RHA impulse over last decades. The RHA plays a positive role to balance social-economical growth and natural ecosystem sustainability. Local GDP increased by 129%, average grain output per hectare increased by 63.1% while field soil erosion decreased by 32%, average soil moisture increased by 12.6% from 1989 to 2009. Importantly, the use efficiency of natural rainfall was improved from 4.5% to 25.8% and soil organic carbon from 0.23‰ to 0.31‰ simultaneously. The RHA is also found to change residents‘ lifestyle and livelihood pattern to meet the challenge of global climate change. We therefore propose an integrated model/concept of rain-harvesting ecological agriculture (RHEA), which incorporates the RHA theory into the coupled human & natural system (CHANS). The solution, evolution and popularization of RHEA in N-W China provide a novel understanding on the development and initiatives of dryland agriculture in semiarid rain-fed agricultural areas in the next 100 years.
Keywords: Rain-harvesting agriculture, food security, field productivity, sustainability. xxviii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGIS008
EMPOWERING BUSINESS OF LOCAL “GARUT SHEEP” FOR SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN WEST JAVA INDONESIA
Rochadi Tawaf, Denie Heriyadi, Asep Anang, Munandar Sulaeman & Rachmat Hidayat
Faculty of Animal Husbandry Padjadjaran University [email protected]
Abstract
There were approximately 6.2 million heads of sheep in West Java in 2010, consisting of local and Garut sheep as known as indigenous sheep. Local sheep developed in West Java is known as Priangan sheep, and historically as a result of crossing among local, Kaapstad and Merino sheep. The origin of the Garut sheep is believed from Garut regency, in which in Cikajang (Cibuluh, Cikandang, and Cikeris villages) and Wanaradja Districts. Most farmers in the two districts believed that the sheep is a genetic resource of Garut Regency. The ear of the sheep was mainly rudiment (rudimentary ear/rumpung on sundanese) or ngadaun hiris (sundanese), like a leaf of Cajanus cajan a small triangular. The tail was ngabuntut beurit or ngabuntut bagong (thin tail like a tail of rat or tail of wild boar). Garut sheep is mostly kept as fighting ram or contest for pleasure or hobby. During ram fighting and contests, it is accompanied with traditional music and pencak silat (traditional dance). Based on supporting carrying capacity, social and economic development, West Java has a high potential region for Garut sheep in Indonesia. In order to empower the business, the farmer’s organizations need to be developed intensively to be Breeder Associations, intensive research on the genetic improvement, educating the consumers, and governments need to develop central breeding for the Garut sheep.
Key words: empowering, farmers business and Garut sheep
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxix AGIS011 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN LAKES AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
Pasi Lehmusluoto, Ph.D, (Limnology),
Expedition Indodanau, University of Helsinki, Finland Mailing Address: Leppätie 4 A, FI-00780 Helsinki, Finland Tel: +358 (440) 484 066; Email: [email protected]
Abstract Natural watershed depression lakes originate and were generally formed during the ice ages by tectonic or volcanic activities. In contrast, river- bottom lakes like floodplains, flooded forests and the man-induced development activities create the ever-increasing number of reservoirs and artificial water impoundments. Forbes already in 1887 understood that ―watershed‖ lakes are ancient isolated equilibriums and independent of the surrounding land and ―river-bottom‖ lakes are appendages of rivers. Some 100 years ago it was recognized that the temperature-dependent hydrodynamic and biogeochemical functions are driven by seasonal temperature changes and in the peculiarly behaving tropical lakes they are mostly irregularly wind-driven. High temperature and the thermal barrier (metalimnion) between the upper water layer and deep water are important in structuring and distribution of substances and interrelationships and interaction of the ecosystem and bioactivity Watersheds of the river- dependent reservoirs are much larger in relation to the water surface area of the natural lakes. Because reservoirs are formed almost always in river valleys, the basins are usually narrow and elongated reservoir continuums from the riverine to transitional and to lake-like lacustrine conditions nearest the dam. Whether naturally or artificially created, lakes share several common physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and the lake equilibriums alter, age and gradually dry out during the years. Lately land- use and agriculture related runoff, communal wastewaters and industrial effluents have taken a dominant polluter role with increasing consequences, such as siltation, eutrophication and bioaccumulation of harmful substances. For lakes nutrient-rich external loading from scattered and point sources is the main reason of eutrophication, causing algal blooms, reduced oxygen reserves and fish kills. Low oxygen levels or hypoxia affect fish production and oxygen controls release of phosphorus from the bottom sediment. In water, like in air, oxygen saturation must be at least 70-80% for the healthy higher life but continued anoxia in the near bottom water causes internal loading. The rapidly increasing on-lake pressures of the cage/ pen fish farms directly pollute the lakes. In some areas airborne-precipitation and acid rain may also need attention. xxx ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGIS012
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON FOOD SECURITY OF FLOATING NET CAGE AQUACULTURE IN THE LAKE
Yayat Dhahiyat
Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, the University of Padjadjaran Jatinangor, Bandung 40600, Indonesia [email protected]
Abstract
Food security in fishery is very important to protect public health and to enhance the economic growth. Food security in fishery started from medium for living fish (water quality), seed, fish feed, aquaculture practise until food processing. Floating net cage is the system of aquaculture which usually conducted in the lake/reservoir and river. Therefore the knownledge or characteristics of lake especially water quality lake must be known. There are more than 500 of natural lakes and 25 of reservoirs or man made/artificial lake in Indonesia. Both natural and artificial lake is very important for human being and environment, especially for energy (hydro electric power project) and drinking water. The other function of lake is for irrigation, flood control, tourism, aquatic sport, transportation as well as for floating net cage aquaculture. For example natural lake in Sumatera namely Lake Toba (North Sumatera) and Lake Maninjau (West Sumatera) used for hydro electric power project and fisheries. While artificial lake, actually the main function is for Hydro Electric Power Project, beside that the people used for aquaculture development, particularly floating net cage aquaculture for example Kuto Panjang (Riau), Saguling, Cirata, Jatiluhur in Citarum River Basin (West Java), Mrica (Central Java). However, pressure on the lake have been occurred namely sedimentation and water pollution and eutrophication from industry, agriculture and domestic activities. Along Citarum River Basin, there are more than thousand industry developed especially textile industry which dumped liquid waste into the river and finally enter the reservoir of Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur (Djuanda Reservoir), where the fishery activities developed. Several water quality parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxxi Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand, H2S, dan Pb have increased while dissolved oxygen decreased. Several time ―overturn‖ occurred in the reservoir, which caused massive killed of fish because of high concentration of chemical toxic substance like H2S and NH3. In addition, concentration of heavy metal such as Pb detected in fish meat of fish aquaculture and wild fish in Jatiluhur reservoir. In relation to food security this condition must be aware (precautionary principle/approach). In Cirata reservoir Koi Herpes Virus, because of bad sanitation and water quality. While in Maninjau, in the last two years the number of floating net cages reaches until 15,051 units, and the using of fish food increases. However in this period overturn occurred two times caused 14,000 ton and 500 ton of fish killed.
The government of Republic of Indonesia already have law, regulation and guidelines concerning of Food, Food Security and Guideline of Conduct of Aquaculture Practices. While internationally FAO and WHO have published A Guide for national food safety authorities.
Keywords: natural and artificial lake, floating net cages, overturn, heavy metal, food safety
xxxii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGIS013
MANAGEMENT OF WATER SAVING AND ORGANIC BASED FERTILIZERS TECHNOLOGY FOR REMEDIATION AND MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF PADDY SOILS AND TO INCREASE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RICE PRODUCTVITY IN INDONESIA
Tualar Simarmata, Benny Joy and Tientur Muktini
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University Bandung [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract
Rice is belong to the most important grain for Indonesia and act as the main food for majority of the people and it has a great impact on economic and political issue. The rice production in Indonesia is dominated by permanent flooding or inundation system. Intensification of permanent flooding of paddy soils not only reduces the soil biological power significantly, but also restricts the roots growth. The water requirement to produce one kilogram of rice in continuously irrigated fields is approximately 3,000 – 5000 L, while the theoretical minimum at the crop scale is as low as 600 L. Under anaerobic condition, soil organisms cannot growth optimally and estimated only about 25% rice roots can growth normally. Intensive use of inorganic fertilizers, particularly N fertilizers such as urea accelerates the mineralization of soil organic matter. Consequently, soil organic content was decreased rapidly to below minimum content of healthy soils. Various field studies indicated mostly of paddy soils in Indonesia has a low organic content (<< 2%). Under these conditions, the increasing of inorganic fertilizers dosage application may give a non-significant effect on rice production and paddy soils can be categorized as a sick paddy soils. Management of paddy soil health is urgently required to restore, improve and maintain the soils organic matter as heart of soil ecosystem. SOBARI (system of organic based aerobic rice intensification) as water saving technology combined with straw compost based fertilizers technology has two
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxxiii main goals: (1) to remediate or restore, improve and maintain the health and quality of paddy soils by integrating the management of soils soil biological power, water and soil organic matter and (2) to boost the growth and to enhance rice productivity in sustainable ways (efficient water and fertilizer use) by integrating the management rice biological power and integrated fertilizers management. The field results using several rice varieties in Indonesia revealed that the water saving technology combined with organic fertilizers (straw compost) can produce grain yield about 8 – 12 t/ha (average of an increasing about 50 – 150% compared to anaerobic rice cultivation) and the water irrigation was reduced by at least 30 - 50% and as well as inorganic fertilizers was reduced at least by 25% This high rice yield is highly correlated with the increasing of roots zone about 4 – 10 times, number of productive tillers about 60 – 80 tillers, number of panicles, length of panicles and number of grain/panicle, and as well as due to the increase of soil biodiversity. The reuse of straw or straw compost into soils within three years is expected to be able to remediate and improve the health of degraded paddy soils significantly.
Keywords: water saving, soil health, paddy soils, organic fertilizers, straw compost, remediation, SOBARI
xxxiv ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS IN INDONESIA
Dr. Tantono Subagyo1) & Fadlilla Dewi Rakhmawaty, M.Sc.1)
PT Syngenta Indonesia Perkantoran Hijau Arkadia, Tower C, 8 th Floor Jln. TB. Simatupang Kav 88, Jakarta 12520 Indonesia phone +62 21 7883 3148
Abstract
Food security in Indonesia become serious problems because land conversion from agriculture is high and almost uncontrollable and the population growth rate is still high, the conditions worsened by climate uncertainty. One of the answer to this problems is to increase yield and it can be achieved by increasing seed quality using available technology. Although it is not panacea, biotechnology can provide tools to increase seed quality. Biotechnology research in Indonesia is done since 1980 but so far little products come to the market due to the regulations. Recent improvements in the system and regulations make the product pipeline moving, and it is hoped that the first launch of transgenic plants happen in 2012. However some improvements is still needed in order to make regulations in Indonesia facilitating biotechnology development.
Keywords: food security, biotechnology
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxxv
xxxvi ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia ORAL SESSIONS
AGOR001*
REARING OPTIMIZATION OF RED PALM WEEVIL: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ON DATE PALM, Phoenix dactylifera
A. S. Aldawood and K. G. Rasool
Economic Entomology Research Unit, Plant Protection Dept, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, (Kuijper et al.), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: 00966- 504426975, Fax: 00966-1-4678423, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (RPW), is the most deleterious pest of date palm Phoenix dactylifera, spreading rapidly in date palm growing countries around the globe. To facilitate behavioral and biological studies on this important pest, a study to optimize rearing procedures was conducted at the Economic Entomology Research Unit (EERU), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RPW pairs were introduced into date palm trunk bolts and subsequent RPW populations were harvested at cocoon stage. The populations of RPW resulting from different Nos. of introduced RPW pairs and the use of mated vs. virgin RPW pairs were compared for different date palm cultivars and sizes of the bolts. Results indicated that RPW can successfully be reared on date palm trunk. Subsequent population was increased with increase in number of introduced RPW pairs. Date palm cultivars significantly influenced the subsequent RPW population. Thickness and length of the date palm bolt was positively correlated with the subsequent RPW population. Introducing mated vs. virgin RPW pairs did not show any significant effect on subsequent RPW population.
Keywords: Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Rearing, Date palm cultivars
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 1 AGOR002
BIOLOGICAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID RICE IN INDONESIA
Y. Pieter
Muara Rice Research Instalation Indonesian Center for Rice Research Jl. Raya Ciapus No 25 Bogor, 16119 West Java – Indonesia
Abstract
Development of hybrid rice is one of major strategy to achieve sustainable rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia. It is well understood that hybrid rice has 20-30% higher heterosis than the conventional rice one. The program, however, faces several problems, which one of them is high price of hybrid rice seed. This condition narrows the access of farmer to seed as main input of rice production. Tracing the problem, it was found that the high price is due to inefficient process during seed production. Most of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines used in seed production bloom their flower at a different time to those of their related restorer (R) lines. Therefore, hybrid rice seed production needs intensive labor and chemical to increase natural out-crossing and to achieve high percentage of seed set. The biological issues related to seed production is not only flowering time, but also flower characteristic such as stigma exertion period, duration of opening floret, and angle of floret opening; and suitability of seed variety to its growth environment. Some efforts have been made to overcome the problems. However, some still remain to challenge biologist for improvement. This article reviews information and technology used to approach the problems.
Keywords: hybrid rice, seed, flower characteristic
2 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR004*
HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF FARMERS ARE LIKELY TO RESPOND TO FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLICY CHANGES AND WHAT WOULD IT MEAN TO THE PROVISION OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEM SERVICES?
Doan Nainggolan1*, Mette Termansen 1,5, Mark S. Reed 2, Esther D. Cebollero3, Klaus Hubacek4
1Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; 2Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Centre for Planning & Environmental Management, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; 3Salon de Provence, France; 4Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, USA; 5University of Aarhus, National Environment Research Institute, Department of Policy Analysis, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark * Presenting author‘s email address: [email protected]
Abstract
Farmers are increasingly expected to manage their lands not only for food and fibre production but also for other various ecosystem services. At the same time, their farming productivity is shadowed by future uncertainties associated with global environmental changes (e.g. climate change) and the potential knock on effects on production factors such as water availability. Farmers‘ responses to future changes may vary. Hence it is important to understand the complex interplay between the characteristics of farmers, the diversity of their responses to future scenarios, and the impacts that different farmer decisions are likely to have on an agro-ecosystem. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to develop a typology of farmers on a semi-arid Mediterranean agro-ecosystem in south-eastern Spain; 2) to explore how different types of farmers may respond to changing environmental constraints and environmental policy regulation; and 3) to assess the implications of farmers‘ diverse responses on future ecosystem services. Our analysis identified six types of farmers. The differentiation was developed using multivariate analysis based on the characteristics of the farmers‘ households and land management. Our study indicates that future agricultural land use changes in the study area may entail abandonment, reduction, stagnation, or intensification depending upon the types of farmers and their respective main farming activities. These changes are likely to affect key ecosystem services across the landscape including future agricultural production and associated local income generation and erosion control. The policy implications of the research findings are significant. To be effective, the design of agri-environmental schemes and other government interventions (e.g. specific compulsory regulations on farming practices and associated water use) at various levels (from local to supranational) should carefully take into account the characteristics of the farmers within the area of interest, their land uses, and the possible diversity of responses to policy and environmental drivers.
Keywords: Farmer typology, land use, agriculture, ecosystem service, multivariate analysis, future scenarios, semi-arid Mediterranean agro-ecosystem ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 3 AGOR006
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ATTITUDES OF WOMEN RELATED TO FOREST MANAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITIES (PHBM)
M. Munandar Sulaeman, Siti Homzah
Faculty of Animal Husbandry
Abstract
The aims of this research will to know the women environment attitude in forest management and contribution. The case study research method with qualitative approach had been operated. The stages of data analysis with: categorization, organization and interpretation, with orientation to process and become understanding (verstehen). With this analysis base, it can be concludes: a. the farmer society (women) had showed the environment harmony attitude with environement. The contribution of the women environment harmony attitude to the PHBM Programe showed in raising vanilli plant starting with prepared, planning, action, controll, evaluate, benefit form. For everlasting of the environment harmony attitude with environment of women need insurance with product market and to give many action programe spesial for women.
Keywords: environment harmony attitude, women participation.
4 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR008
PROMOTING FOREST AND NON TIMBER FOREST CULTIVATION TO INCREASE FARMER‟S INCOME ON SMALL SCALE PRIVATE FOREST (A CASE STUDY IN TANJUNG RAYA VILLAGE, SAMARANG SUB DISTRICT, GARUT, WEST JAVA)
Sri Suharti
Centre for Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development, Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor, 16610. Phone: 62-251-8633234; 62-251- 8315222; Fax: 62-251-8638111
Abstract
More than 60% of Javanese population with relatively small land holding depends on agricultural sector (0.3 ha/household). They live in dense populated villages surrounded by forest; resulting pressure towards forest becomes so awful. Consequently, incidents of social conflict become so frequent and forest condition has become deteriorated and prone to flood, erosion and landslide incidents. One alternative solution to accommodate rehabilitation of forest function and fulfilling community needs is cultivation of forest trees together with non timber forest plant simultaneously. This new cultivation technique is introduced to farmers through demonstration plot establishment. The research objective is to study cultivation of Eucalyptus urophylla together with Andropogon zizanioides (vetiver oil plants) on small scale private forest in Tanjung Karya Village, Samarang sub district, Garut, West Java. Participatory approach is used in developing the model; hence involved farmers could participate actively in all stages of model establishment. Series of discussions (individual interviews and continued with Focus Group Discussion/FGD) were carried out in advance to gain better mutual understanding about the purpose of the research. Further information about people‘s preferences towards tree crops combination was also previously collected. The results showed that although a light demanding species, vetiver oil plants could grow well under E. urophylla stands until it has been harvested (13 months old) for three rotation periods. By integrating tree stands and non timber forest plants, farmer could improve not only soil condition but also their income significantly.
Keywords: Eucalyptus urophylla, A. zizanioides (vetiver oil plants), rehabilitation, farmer’s income, small scale private forest
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 5 AGOR009
INFLUENCE OF FERMENTATION Bacillus licheniformis AND Bacillus megaterium TOWARDS CRUDE FIBER, FAT, TANNIN, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SABA BANANA (Musa balbisiana Colla) PEEL
1Ratu Safitri, 2Noor Arida Fauzana & 3Egi Kardia
* Department of Biology, FMIPA Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung ** Fisheries Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru
Abstract
Research about content of crude fiber, fat, tannin, protein of saba banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) peel is fermentated by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium for fish feed raw materials had been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of B. licheniformis and B. megaterium in lowering crude fiber, fat, and tannin as well as increase protein of banana peel so it can be used as raw material for fish feed. . Fermentation was done by experimental methods with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The results showed that fermentation by B. licheniformis with a dose of 5% to give the highest, fermentation can decrease as much as 23.42% of crude fiber, fat 50%, as much as 82.93% tannin and can increase the protein content of 47.23%.
Keywords: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, saba banana peel, cellulose, fat, crude fiber, tannin, protein, vegetablefeed substance
6 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR010*
EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ABSORBER AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE QUALITY OF TOMATO
Darwin H Pangaribuan
Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University Bandar Lampung, Indonesia Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of ethylene absorber and storage condition on the quality of tomato during storage. Fruit of half ripen (breaker stage) maturity were kept under four different conditions: storage room at 40 C, 80 C, 120 C and 220 C; and then the fruits were given with and without ethylene absorber (Purafil@). The tomato fruit with ethylene absorber were firmer, had higher titratable acidity and longer storage life, and lower soluble solids content, and slower red colour development, compared with those without ethylene absorbers. Tomato fruits stored at 4 C were firmer, produced higher soluble solids, higher titratable acidity, longer storage life, and maintained red colour, compared with those fruits stored at higher than 4 C. The most suitable storage conditions to prolong the storage life for tomato fruits tested were 8C or 12 C and tomato fruits were kept with ethylene absorbens.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 7 AGOR011
EFFECT OF PECTIN CONCENTRATION AND DRYING CONDITION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY ACCEPTANCE OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) LEATHER
Nasution, Z., Chan Y.L., Amir Izzwan Z., Fisal A. Mohd Nizam L.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract
The unique climatic condition of Malaysia is advantageous to the plantation of roselle. However, utilization of roselle into value-added products is still limited so far in Malaysia. Fruit leather is an alternative product that has potentials to be produced from roselle. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of pectin concentration and drying condition on physicochemical properties and sensory acceptance of roselle leather. Samples were produced with four different pectin concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) and dried under three different drying conditions (in dehydrator, in convection oven, and in conventional oven). Interaction between drying condition and pectin concentration significantly affected (p<0.05) water activity, pH, color properties, texture properties (hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness), and overall sensory acceptance. Meanwhile, pectin concentration alone significantly affected (p<0.05) springiness and few sensory acceptance attributes (color, chewiness, and balance taste of sweet and sour) of the leather. Better physical properties and sensory acceptance were gained from sample added with 2.5% (w/w) pectin and dried in convection oven. Moreover, this sample was also found to have high vitamin C content (130 mg/100 g). These results showed that roselle leather has potentials to be introduced as a new dried fruit product in order to increase popularity and variety of roselle products in Malaysia.
Keywords: roselle leather, pectin concentration, drying condition, physicochemical characteristics, sensory acceptance
8 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR012
REFORMATION OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION FARMING SYSTEM TOWARDS PERMANENT AND SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION
Herman1 and Sri Suharti2
1Riset Perkebunan Nusantara. Jl. Salak 1A, Bogor, 16151. Indonesia 2Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitasi. Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor. 16610 Indonesia
Abstract
Shifting cultivation is deemed to be the earliest subsistent farming system ever known and inherited since ancient times. In the past, when land availability was still abundant, this cultivation technique was relatively save and sustainable. In the system, short period of cultivation (usually 1 – 3 years) would be followed by fallow period which was relatively much longer (7– 10 years). Fallow period enabled the land to recover its soil fertility naturally. However, due to rapid population growth together with limited land availability and increase of basic economic needs have induced drastic change of the system in which short period of cultivation is followed by short fallow period. In addition, in many cases, the system has been manipulated by some imprudent people to camouflage their illegal logging activities. As a result, the situation has generated forest fire events more frequently and instigates wider critical land. Therefore, it is urged to ameliorate the system towards more sustainable and permanent cultivation. Cultivation of estate crops especially rubber and oil palm is believed to be able to increase farmer‘s income and reduce shifting cultivation significantly. Cultivating estate crops, enables people to gain sufficient income to fulfill their basic needs. Establishment of rubber and oil palm require investment cost Rp 34.39 million/ha and Rp 33.71 million/ha respectively. Estimation of net present value (NPV) which is going to be obtained at 12.5% interest rate/year is Rp 44.86 million/ha and Rp 45.02 million/ha, whereas expected internal rate of return (IRR) is 22,92% and 24,46% for rubber and oil palm respectively. Hence, farmers would gain monthly net income Rp 1.36 million/ha and Rp 1.14 million/ha for rubber and oil palm respectively. This confirms that rubber and oil palm plantation are feasible to establish. In order to assure the reformation process from shifting cultivation towards sustainable and permanent cultivation goes effectively, thorough planning of target, identification about existing condition, anticipation about constraints that might hinder the process and formulation of operational pace need to be determined clearly beforehand. This could be done through multi stakeholders participation.
Keywords: Reformation, shifting cultivation, estate crops, permanent cultivation sustainable, participation. ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 9 AGOR013
EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE LEVEL OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.) GERMPLASM FROM NTT PROVINCE
Yosep Seran Mau
Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Nusa Cendana. Jln. Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang, NTT. 85001. Indonesia.
Abstract
Sweet potato is one of the most promising staple crops in NTT; however, the crop yield and quality in this region is relatively low due to erratic climatic condition and low genetic potency of the genotypes cultivated. NTT province is rich of sweet potato germplasm that can serve as basis for selection of high yielding varieties which are able to cope with erratic climatic condition of the region. Twenty five sweet potato genotypes (21 local clones and 4 check varieties) were elucidated to identify high yielding genotypes with tolerance to drought stress. The study was carried out in a split-plot design with three replicates in field experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana University, during June to November 2008. Two irrigation regimes (optimum and stress conditions) were assigned as main plot and 25 sweet potato genotypes as sub-plot. Results of the study revealed significant interaction effect between irrigation regimes and sweet potato genotypes on variable observed. Root yields of most genotypes tested were quite low indicating high stress condition of the trial location. Two check varieties, Sari and Cangkuang, produced only about one half and one quarter of their yield potential on optimum and stress conditions, respectively. Fourteen of 25 genotypes tested produced tuber yield above 10 t ha-1 in optimum condition but only five genotypes did similarly in stress condition. The highest root yields were produced by local genotype LB-01, 32.4 and 17.5 t ha-1 in normal and stress conditions, respectively. LB-01, NBN-01 and the check variety Kidal performed the best in optimum condition and LB-01, ON- 06, and Kidal performed the best in stress condition. Only three local genotypes (LB-01, NBN-01, ON-06) and the check variety Kidal were considered tolerant and high yielding based on STI, GMP, SSI and YL selection indices.
Keywords: Sweet potato, germplasm, genotype, yield potential, drought tolerance
10 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR014*
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INDUCED THE CONTENT OF ISOFLAVONOID THAT REDUCED POTATO CYST NEMATODE ON ROOTS OF POTATO PLANTS
1Nurbaity, A*, 2Sunarto, T**., 3Solihin, M.A*., 4Hindersah, R*.
*Department of Soil Science **Department of Plant Pathology and Pests Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia [email protected]
Abstract
Potato cyst nematode (PCN) is known as organism that could supress the growth of potatoes. This organism has been found in Indonesia. Controlling of PCN by the use of chemical agents has been reduced, hence the use of biological agents such as soil fungi is one of the alternatives. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has a potential to be used as a controlling agents. However, the information about it‘s effect on nematode, especially in Indonesia is limited.The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which AMF could alleviate plant stress causing by PCN. A glass house experiment was conducted at Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia. The treatments were number of spores of AMF (0, 50, 100, and 150 per pot) and number of cysts of PCN (0 and 4000 per pot). Results showed that AMF at the rate of 150 spores/pot significantly reduced the numbers of juvenils II, females and cysts. The mechanisms of AMF in reducing PCN activities was more likely because of the production of antifungi isoflavonoid which increased according to the rate of AMF spores instead of Chitinase and Indole Acetic Acid that measured on roots of potato. This experiment showed the potential of AMF to be used as biocontrolling agents of PCN on potato plants.
Keywords: arbuscular mychorrizal fungi, potato cyst nematode, antifungi, isoflavonoid
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 11 AGOR015*
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MEAT FROM OLD CATTLE THROUGH EXTENDED COOKING
Setyowati, E.Y. & U. Santosa
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry - Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,
Abstract
The experiment investigated the effect of extended cooking on beef quality. The effects of position of the raw meat sample within the loin, cooking time, and sex on the WB shear value, cooking loss and cooked meat colour were studied. Loin samples were collected from nine randomly selected steers and cows. Loins were randomly allocated to cooking times of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 hours. Data were analysed with the mixed model procedure of the SAS system. The model contained fixed effects of sex, cooking time and position of loin and all first order interactions. Loins were used as a random effect, within which sex was nested. Cooking time significantly affected the WB-shear value (P<0.01), whereas loin position and sex had no such effect (P<0.1). WB-shear value declined from 5.270.19 kg to 3.530.19 kg as cooking time increase. Posterior end of loin had higher values than those from anterior end (4.700.19 kg vs. 4.200.19 kg; P<0.1), and steer had lower value than cows (4.100.21 kg vs. 4.710.23 kg; P<0.1). There were significant effects of cooking time, loin position, and sex on weight loss. Cooking losses increased from 32. 570.64% to 40.800.64% as cooking time rose. Loins from anterior end had lower cooking losses (36.660.64%) than those from posterior end (38.720.64%). It is concluded that extended cooking could increase the meat quality of old cattle.
Keywords: Meat Quality, Extended Cooking, Old Cattle
12 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR016
INDUCING SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF SOYBEAN Glycine max AND Glycine soja ON SUCROSE CONCENTRATIONS VARIATION
Endah Wahyurini
Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional ―Veteran‖, Yogyakarta, 55283, Indonesia
Abstract
Production and productivity of Soybean in Indonesia have not been a national demand. The government program is to improve Soybean productivity and production to achieve self sufficiency on 2015. To achieve Soybean self sufficiency, the most amount, short time and the same genotype is by tissue culture technique. Genotype and sucrose in the medium tissue culture is important inducing somatic embryos. The objectives of this experiment was to inducing somatic embryos of Glycine max of varieties Anjasmoro and Glycine soja of varieties Mallika at the variation of sucrose concentration for MS medium by in vitro. The research used immature cotyledons explant which was conducted at Greenhouse and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agrotechnology of UPN ―Veteran‖ Yogyakarta, Indonesia from Mei to October 2010. The experiment with two factors was arranged in factorial Completely Randomized Design and 10 replications. One factor is explants soybeans were: Mallika (Glycine soja) and Anjasmoro (Glicyne max). Two factors is concentration sucrose were : 20 g/l. 30 g/l, and 40 g/l. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance followed by Bunnet‘s Significance Test (BST) at 5% significance level. The results showed that material explant Glycine max and Glicyne soja not induced somatic embryos. The best sucrose concentrations 20 g/l for MS medium increased to time of embryos (days), growth percentage of embryos and fresh weight callus. The combination treatment Glicyne max and sucrose 20 g/l to increased dry weight callus.
Keywords: Embryos somatic, soybean, sucrose
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 13 AGOR017
PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY FROM AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER THROUGH STRUVITE CRYSTALLISATION: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
S. Muryanto1,2,a,*, A.P. Bayuseno3,b, E. Supriyo4,b & B. Hermanu5,a
1Office of Research, and 2Dept.Chemical Engineering, 3Centre for Waste Management, Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, 4Chemical Engineering Diploma (Vocational) Program, 5Faculty of Agricultural Technology, aUNTAG University in Semarang, Bendhan Dhuwur Campus, Semarang 50233, INDONESIA bDIPONEGORO University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275,INDONESIA * corresponding author: tel.+62-24-8441771, fax.+62-24-8441772, email: [email protected]
Abstract
Intensified agriculture in response to the growing population has led to excessive nutrient discharges into waterbodies causing eutrophication, which affects biological diversity and water quality. One of such nutrients is phosphorus (P), an essential element for every living plant, and hence for food production. An attractive method to help minimise eutrophication is to remove P from wastewater by converting it from a soluble form into solid phase, i.e. a phosphate mineral commonly known as struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O), through a controlled crystallisation process. The method has increasingly gained particular interest since struvite can be utilised as fertilizer which simultaneously provides Mg, N, and P in proportional amounts to crops. Since struvite has low solubility in water, it may also act as slow-release fertilizer and may not cause burning of roots. P removal and recovery as struvite is also an effective method to address the problem of operating difficulties in wastewater treatment facilities, since under favourable conditions struvite can spontaneously form in wastewater, and the resulting struvite crystals agglomerate and excessively cover the piping systems, pumps, screens etc. This paper discusses the principles of P recovery from agroindustrial wastewater through struvite crystallisation. The findings of a preliminary experiment examining the onset of struvite crystallisation from synthetic liquors are presented. Applicability of the struvite crystallisation method including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as typical operating conditions and the properties of the struvite crystals produced will be scrutinised.
Keywords: crystallisation, eutrophication, phosphorus, struvite, wastewater 14 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR018
SUSTAINABILITY AGRICULTURE-LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM CONCEPT: CROPS AND LIVESTOCK
1Rasad, S. D & 2S. Kuswaryan
1Animal Reproduction Lab, Animal Husbandry Fac.-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 2 Economic Lab. ,animal Husbandry Fac.- Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,
Abstract
Small farmers development in many developing countries like Indonesia conducted inform of integrated farming system. Scheper (1992) concluded that it was happened, because of non tradable animal feeding more available in area with the mix farming system than extensive farming system area. Farming system as a form of land, water resources, plant, livestock animal, human resources and others with the different characteristics in one environment, until the farmers could be manage their activity along with preferency, capability and current technology (Shaner et al., 1982. In case of development of small farming sustainable agriculture, livestock animal play important roles, with three functions (Devendra and Chantalakhana, 1992), that are: 1) Diversification of resource, to minimize social and economic risk, 2) Motivation and act as a bridge between component of resource system (land, water and crop), and 3) Generation of value added product like fiber exploited to meat, milk and skinn produced. Concept of integrated agribussiness could be looked in specific area, it is ecosystem area which could be consist of integrated development which are depending on similarity of objectives, target and importance. Aim of the development of integrated agribussiness area, are:1) Give clearly and function of management region or area, to make simple of technical services, management and control, 2) Give business certainty, 3) Make easier to provide the facility and increase of farmers bargain position, 4) Market guarantee, 5) Stability of quality, quantity and continously of products and 6) Production time could be similar with demand. As a conclusion, the successful of the development of agribusiness area base on sustainability of livestock depending on potential of the region, especially natural resources, agro-climate, carrying capacity supporting, and market potential and than capability of human resources in order to optimizing current natural resources.
Keywords: sustainability, crops and livestock, concept ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 15 AGOR019
OCCURRENCE OF PORK DERIVATIVE IN CONFECTIONERY PRODUCT UPON MALAYSIA MARKET
1Noor Asiah Binti Hassa, 2Rozila Binti Alias
1Faculty of Sciences and Biotechnology,University Industri Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor 2Institut BioIT, Universiti Industri Selangor (UNISEL) Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Corresponding author [email protected]
Abstract
Adding porcine ingredients in food manufacturing without labeling can considered as food adulteration. Thus, molecular technique especially PCR based method has been proposed as useful means for identifying species of origin in foods. The present study was carried out for detection of porcine ingredients in different food samples namely from raw to highly processed food using species specific PCR detection of conserved region in the mitochondrial (mt) 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene.
Keywords : Pork, Confectionery product, Malaysia, PCR, 12S rRNA
16 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR020
EFFECT OF PHOSPHATES SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA TO THE GROWTH AND CROP PRODUCTION OF CORN PLANT (Zea mays L.).
1Tini Surtiningsih, 2Dahlia Puspitasari, and 3Agus Supriyanto
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya. [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to know the effect of phosphates solubilizing bacteria to the growth and crop production of corn plant (Zea mays L.). This research is an experimental designed which is used Completely Randomize Design (CRD). The phosphates solubilizing bacteria (PSB) consist of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria. The treatment in this experiment giving the PSB dosage 0, 10, 20, and 30 mL/plant and control positif (NPK fertilizer 5 g/plant) with 5 replications for each treatment, and each replication consisted of 5 plants. The PSB inoculated on planting hole of corn plant. The Corn plant growth was observed every 2 weeks, and plants are harvest at 15 weeks. The parameters that observed are plant height, root length, plant-root biomass, and plant production is dry seeds weight. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with Brown- Forsythe test at level 5%. The results of this research showed that the treatment of the PSB dosage and NPK fertilizers gave a no significantly different (α>0.05) for growth and crop production of Corn plant. The best growth of corn plant gave by NPK treatment but no significantly different with PSB treatmen. The best dry seed weight (173.19 ± 43.60 g/plant or 17.31 ± 4.36 ton/ha) gave by PSB dosage 20 mL/plant, but the best RAE (Relative Argonomic Effectiveness) gave by PSB dosage 10 mL/plant.
Keywords: Phosphates solubilizing bacteria, corn plant (Zea mays L.), growth, production.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 17 AGOR021
EFFECTS OF NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS ON MINERAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN SOILS
1Ferisman Tindaon, 2J.C.G. Ottow
1). Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nommensen University. Jl. Sutomo No. 4A Medan 20234 Indonesia Tel. +62614522922 Fax: +62614571426 E-mail: [email protected] 2). Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany Tel. +49-641/99-37351, 37352. Fax +49-641/99- 37359
Abstract
Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to elucidate the effect of three nitrification inhibitors viz, 3,4dimethylpyrazolephosphate (DMPP), 4-Chlormethylpyrazolephosphate (ClMPP) and dicyandiamide o (DCD) on mineral nitrogen dynamics of (NH4)2SO4 in soil incubated at 25 C in soils. The quantitative determination of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were carried out spectrophotometrically, while potential denitrification capacity (PDC) was measured gas chromatographically. DMPP, ClMPP and DCD were used recommended on recommended rates of 90kgNha-1 corresponding to 0, 36µgDMPP; 0, 25µgClMPP and 10µgDCD g-1 dry soil. In all treatments, the influence of 1, 10, 50,100,250 and 500 times of the recommended-concentrations were examined. Results suggested that DMPP, ClMPP and DCD applied at rates generally recommended for agricultural use may not be effective to inhibit nitrification. Thus even at the highest tested NIs-concentrations, nitrate and nitrite formation still occurred. Application of high concentrations of these chemicals to on the average up to 180µg DMPP, 125µg ClMPP and 2500µg DCD were needed for inhibiting the nitrification, completely. The three NIs began to inhibit PDC at 10 to 50 times recommended concentration and were more effective in sandy than in loamy or clay soils. ClMPP influenced PDC at much lower concentration as DMPP or DCD.
Keywords: nitrification inhibitors, mineral nitrogen dynamics
18 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR023
THE POTENCY OF BANANA TISSUE CULTURE DEVELOPMENT TO ANSWER THE MALNUTRITION PROBLEMS
Omar, A.1, V. Narita1,2, Djajanegara, I.R1, Supriadi, Y3 & Noriko, Nita2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 2Centre for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Tissue Culture Laboratory, UPT Balai Benih Induk Pertanian dan Kehutanan Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan DKI Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Bananas contain high amounts of carbohydrates. These fruits are also rich with vitamin A and B6. Furthermore, bananas can be used to produce fibres and as ornamental plants. They can be grown easily and are relatively cheap. These features have made banana as one of the promising candidates to solve the malnutrition problems, especially in vitamin A, pottasium and iron. The objectives of our study were to analyze the potency of bananas to answer the malnutrition problems and identify some steps that need to be done especially in tissue culture technology to produce superior banana seeds. The analysis was performed by SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Treaths) analysis. From this SWOT analysis, the strategies were designed. SWOT analysis results showed that it is possible to solve some malnutrition problems in Indonesia with bananas. The strategies to do that included development of banana varieties that were enriched in vitamin A and iron using tissue culture techniques and establishment of cooperations among farmers, research institutions, industries, and government.
Keywords : Banana, malnutrition, SWOT, tissue culture
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 19 AGOR024
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EXPORT GROWTH OF TWENTY MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES EMITTING COUNTRIES
Yangki I made Suara
Center for Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of Economics, Padjadjaran University (CEDS FE Unpad)
Abstract
This paper compares the impact of climate change on export growth in 20 major GHG emitting countries. Those 20 countries are classified into lower middle income, upper middle income and high income countries based on their GNI per capita. Climate variable are annual temperature in average and annual precipitation in average while macro indicators are export growth from those 20 countries to the world using 1-digit SITC and 2-digit SITC. This research found that First; increasing in average annual temperature have a negative and significant effect on export growth from lower middle income countries and no effect on upper middle and high income countries. Second; increasing in average annual precipitation have a negative and significant effect on export growth from lower middle income countries and positive and significant effect on export growth from upper middle income countries and no effect on high income countries. Third; agricultural products, light manufacturing and raw material are the three broad economic sectors with negative and significant effect of climate change from lower middle income countries and positive effect of precipitation on light manufacturing from upper middle income countries. The model in this research is estimated with Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) method.
Keywords: Climate change, export growth, greenhouse gases emission
20 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR025*
MODEL-BASED REGIONAL ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AGRO TECHNOPARK (ATP) (Case Study Communities Local Transmigration Koleberes Kecamatan Cikadu Kabupaten Cianjur Selatan)
Boy Macklin Pareira P*., Cipta Endyana**, Chay Asdak*, Irfan Ardiansyah* *Lecture, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management of Agriculture, **Lecture, Faculty of Geology
Abstract
Research on Model-based Regional Economic Potential Agro Technopark in Koleberes Cikadu Cianjur District, has to build an initial model of bio-farming in the region Translok cylo Koleberes accordance with the actual state of Agro Technopark modeling methodology with an integrated revitalization of agriculture empowerment.Method used in this research is modelling and survey. This research preceded with depiction in general model ATP Koleberes center about inwrought agriculture system in region including involvement of society to be improved its earnings. Then, the model developed to become model of Improvisation model ATP representing modification of model of ATP Center Koleberes by connecting agricultural sector, ranch, and fishery in a cycle of bio- cylo farming. Model at ATP Koleberes center and of Improvisation model ATP hereinafter in simulation by using Vensim PLE software 32 Version 4.2a 2000. Variable which measure is earnings of society and hereinafter conducted by compare between earnings of society model ATP Koleberes center and earnings of society in model of Improvisasi model ATP to see pattern earnings of society. Result of research show between model of ATP Koleberes center and of Improvisation model ATP show difference which significance to earnings of society agricultural sector, ranch, and fishery by making a change pattern plant which is pad finally yield several times harvest among others daily crop, seasonal, monthly, annual, winduan (eigth year season), and middle small industry sector.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 21 AGOR026
EVALUATION OF FOOD SAFETY CONCEPT IN INDONESIAN FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
1Maman H. Karmana, 2E. Wulandari & D. Supyandi
Professor on Agricultural Development at the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University and Head of the Sub Division Policy of Food Center in West Java 2 Lecturer in the Departement of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract
Indonesia as an agriculture-based country, rich with natural resources, and has a good potential to manage her resources. As an agriculture-based country, Indonesia should be able to provide sufficient food to consume. Moreover, since food is one of human basic needs, everyone deserved to obtain safety foods. Food security is an ability to provide sufficient food with respect to its quantity and quality, safety, availability and distribution. Food security programs of the country affirmed in food legislation number 7, 1996 about food; and government law number 68, 2002 about food security. Hitherto, food security program is focusing more on quantity aspect. In other words, if food consumption needs have already fulfilled, then it considered that food security has already achieved. Food security related to the eligibility of food consumption not only sufficient in quantity, but also in its quality.The objectives of this paper are (1) to identify how food safety concept integrated into food security programs in Indonesia (2) the sources that caused food borne diseases and (3) efforts carried out in order to achieve sustainable food safety, and (4) to identify involved institutions in supporting and ensuring food safety in Indonesia. According to the study, firstly, even though Indonesia has achieved self-sufficiency on food in 1984, many poor people are still having low nutrient status. Moreover, the number of intoxication of food cases has been increasing. Based on the socio economic aspects, as people cannot afford to consume healthy food will lead to increase the prevalence of food borne diseases, such as diarrhea. Number of death caused by diarrhea is increased. Secondly, based on food case field studies, food borne diseases can be resulted from catering and household foods, processing, and junk foods. Finally, food safety concept has not well integrated into food security program. In addition, several life styles, such as consumption of junk foods resulted in food borne diseases. Therefore, the use of HACCP safety standards and organic farming methods are some of the efforts that need to be encouraged to achieve sustainable food safety. Similarly, several institutions have involved in ensuring food safety in Indonesia, although their preferences still need to be improved.
Keywords : food safety, food security
22 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR027
KNOWING TIGER GROUPER FISH GROWTH RATE AS AN ALTERNATIVE UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION SOCIETY
Donny Juliandri Prihadi
Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Campus Jatinangor, UBR 40 600, Indonesia
Abstract
Grouper fish is one of the seafood with the potential to be developed for food security and can be potential seed exports of fishery commodities. Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscogutattus) is a fish that has a torpedo body shape, fat flat, has a big mouth, scaly skin and the color brown and black shades, including carnivorous fish. Tiger grouper fish found in waters that are cleaner and often live in the bottom waters. This study aims to determine the growth of tiger grouper fish and find out the potential in the reduction of unemployment and poverty. The treatment given is the gift that is different, pellet, a combination of pellet and trash fish by giving a different time and trash fish is given as much as 5% of the weight of biomass. The method used in this study is experimental and descriptive methods. The results showed that administration of the morning of trash fish and the use of pellets in the afternoon produced the highest absolute growth of 173.93 g and grouper fish cultivation can be a potential employment to reduce unemployment and poverty levels of society.
Key words: grouper, tiger grouper, growth rate, unemployment, poverty
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 23 AGOR028
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN FROM LOCAL CHITIN WASTE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN VITRO
Emma Rochima1 & Ajeng Diantini2 1 Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science Padjadjaran University 2 Faculty of Farmacy Padjadjadjaran University
Abstract
The aim of the research were to produce local chitin waste to bioactive compound of chitosan enzymatically to applied in functional drink instant. The activity of anticancer these products were determined as in vitro assay. The chitin waste made from crab shells as by product of canning crabs meat industry in Cirebon. Production of chitosan enzimatically used chitin deacetylase enzyme which produced by Bacillus papandayan isolated from Kamojang Creater, West Java, Indonesia. The result of this research was technology of process and chitosan product which degraded enzimatically. Product was chitosan-tea drink which ready to solute in water. Chitosan-tea drink instant performance were white-brown flour mixed with dry chitosan gel (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), soft surface, brown clear color, and smooth. Formulation of chitosan-tea drink was weight 23.7 g perpack/once consumption (sorbitol 22.5 gram, green tea extract 0.375 gram, chitosan 0.8 gram). Chemically, chitosan-tea drink instant have water content 0.22% w/w, ash content 0.11% w/w, protein content 0.03% w/w, lipid content 0.002% w/w, calory 58.5 kkal which suitable with SNI 01-3722-1995 standard. The product is then tested for toxicity in vitro using AH 109 cancer cells. The test showed that chitosan is cytotoxic to cancer cells AH109 with a value of KI50 (tg / mL) equal to 189.00 for exposure for 8 hours and the value of 1.20 for 24 hours.
Keywords: Chitosan, anticancer, in vitro
24 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR029
INCREASING OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID OF DAIRY MILK WITH ADDITIONAL RICE MEAL FERMENTED AND SOYBEAN OIL
Suhartati, F.M.1, & W. Suryapratama2
1Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53122 Indonesia 2 Feedstuffs Laboratory , Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53122 Indonesia
Abstract
An experiment has been carried out to produce milk containing conjugated linoleic acid in high concentrations. The study was carried out experiments in vivo, using a Latin Square Design 6x6x6, with factorial 2x3 treatments. The first factor (A) is a type of diet, consisting of feed used for cows in group of dairy farmers Margo Mulyo, Kemutug village, district Baturaden, Banyumas (a1), and concentrate containing 30% rice bran + 20% tapioca by product which was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, +3% soybean oil (a2). As a second factor (B) were the time of milking, that are before grass feeding (b1), 2 hours after grass feeding (b2), and 4 hours after grass feeding (b3), thus there are 6 treatments. As the column were 6 sampling periods and as the row were 6 cows. The variables measured are fat and conjugated linoleic acid of milk. The result of these study indicated that concentrate containing 30% rice bran + 20% tapioca by product which was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae + 3% soybean oil increasing 88.89% of conjugated linoleic acid and time of milking 4 hours after grass feeding increasing 30.56% of conjugated linoleic acid compare time of milking that are before grass feeding and increasing 34.29% if compare time of milking 2 hours after gras feeding. Based on the results of this study concluded that the concentrate containing 30% rice bran + 20% tapioca by product which is fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae + 3% soybean oil is the best feed formula, and cows were milked four hours after grass feeding is the best milking time.
Keywords: soybean oil, milking interval, conjugated lenoleic acid ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 25 AGOR030
INCREASING YIELDS OF SWEET POTATO (Ipoema Batatas L.), VARIETY OF BEAUREGARD BY ORGANIC CROPPING SYSTEM AT DESA CILEMBU, SUMEDANG
Wagiono
Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.
Abstract
Desa Cilembu, Sumedang is a village as one of several central production of sweet potato in West Java Province. One of the new sweet potato‘s varieties was Beauregard from Solomon Island has been cultivated in this village which‘s the tuber yield currently to decline caused by increasing soil bulk density and decreasing of organic content. Once solving of this problem was application of organic cropping system. The aim of this research was to know effect of a straw compost application as organic cropping system on soil compaction, soil moisture content, growth and yield of sweet potato.The research carried out on February to June 2011, at Desa Cilembu, Sumedang Regency. The research used Randomized Block Design as experimental method to test 5 doses of straw compost as treatments and 5 replications so that obtained 25 plots where each plots size is 1m x 0.75m. The each treatments were without straw compost and applied artificial fertilizer (K1), given straw compost 10 ton/ha and organic manure (K2), given straw compost 15 ton/ha and organic manure (K3), given straw compost 20 ton/ha and organic manure (K4), and given straw compost 25 ton/ha and organic manure (K5). The results of this research showed that 20 ton/ha dose of straw compost and applied 5 ton/ha organic manure on soil compaction was more decreasing, whereas soil moisture content, plant growth and tuber yield was more increasing. The average yields for without straw compost and use artificial fertilizer treatment was 9.78 ton/ha, grade B dominant, and fond, while organic cropping system by given straw compost 10 ton/ha; 15 ton/ha; 20 ton/ha; and 20 ton/ha and each treatment applied 5 ton/ha manure as organic fertilizer respectively reached 15.12 ton/ha, grade A dominant, and very fond.
Keywords: Sweet potato, Organic Cropping System, Straw Compost.
26 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR034
NON-IRRIGATED UPLAND CULTIVATION UTILIZING THE CONCEPT OF TRANSPIRATION COEFFISIENT
Ade Moetangad Kramadibrata
Technique & Industrial Management-Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology University of Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
Upland irrigation as an effort to fulfil the balance relationship of water amount distributed and crop effective water required has been oftenly ineffective due to water waste which linked with actual soil physical condition and the surrounding environment. Such a condition become worsening at an extrem period of drought, forcing to alternatively stop water distribution to crop areas of less unpotential benefit. The concept of transpiration coefficient hereto might redeem the problem where water need as a minimum factor can be reduced to the least water need as effective as required by the respective crops. It termed: ―a certain amount of water required to produce a certain weight of crop dry substances through transpiration process‖ The application of the concept as a system of efficient water management had been been demonstrated in a case study at the time of widely influence of El Nino in 1997 throughout Asia-East Asia in a remote upland area of Jelegong-Soreang, Bandung Sub District, West Java. The result had proven a promising highlight of upland potency to the additional income of the farmers who used to leave their land bare during dry seasons. Hence, evaluation to validate the concept needs to be actualize in other non-irrigated upland areas.
Keywords: non-irrigation, drought period, upland cultivation, transpiration coefficient
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 27 AGOR035*
AGRONOMIC TRAIT EVALUATION OF TRANSGENIC RICE LINE WITH DB1 TRANSGENE
1Nono Carsono*, 2Nurhayati Fitriani*, 3Danar Dono*, 4Agus Wahyudin*, 5Diani Damayanti**, 5M. Herman**, 6Murdaningsih H.K. *, and 7Kinya Toriyama***
*Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Campus Jatinangor Bandung 40600, Author for correspondence: [email protected] **ICABIOGRAD/BB Biogen Bogor; ***Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Abstract
Genetic improvement of rice crop plant resistance to brown planthopper is one of the main goals in rice breeding programs in Indonesia. To achieve this goal, DB1 transgene (Mannose-Binding Lectin Family Gene) driven by sucrose synthase-I promoter which was isolated from the tuber of Dioscorea batatas and proven to be effective against sup-sucking insect, had been succesfully transformed into rice genome cv.Taichung-65 by using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and one homozygous line has been selected. However, plants derived from genetic transformation frequently show phenotypic abnormality, hence agronomic trait evaluation is required to clarify the occurrence of this phenomenon. The objective of this experiment was to obtain transgenic rice plants with normal phenotypes (cv. Taichung 65). Green house experiment was performed from July 2010 until January 2011 at Transgenic Containment, ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Forty rice plants were used in this experiment, consist of 20 T3 generation of transgenic rice plants cv. Taichung-65 and 20 non-transgenic rice lines of cv. Taichung- 65 as check. Data were analyzed by student t-test. The results showed that significant differences had been found in plant height, seed wet weight per panicle, seed dry weight per panicle, grain number per panicle, grain weight per panicle, and grain filled per hill. These results suggest that agronomic trait differences in transgenic plants caused by somaclonal variation during in-vitro culture.
Key words: Agronomic evaluation, DB1 transgene, somaclonal variation, transgenic rice lines.
28 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR038
IDENTIFICATION OF PORK COTAMINATION IN MEATBALLS OF LOCAL MARKET USING PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS
Y. Erwanto1, M. Z. Abidin1, & D. N. Haryati1
1Division of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna No.3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 Fax : 62-274-521578 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
This research applied and evaluated a PCR-RFLP procedure to detect pork contamination in meatballs from local market in Yogyakarta using cytochrome b gen. To confirm the effectiveness and specificity of this fragment, an sixteen meatballs DNA samples from different ―warung bakso‖ were isolated and amplification, then PCR amplicon was digested by BseDI restriction enzyme to distunguished pork existence in meatballs. BseDI restriction enzyme was able to cleave porcine cytochrome b gene into two fragment (131 bp and 228 bp). The meatballs of local market observation showed that seven of sixteen ―warung bakso‖ were detected pork contamination. In conclusion, specific PCR amplification of cyt b gen and cleaved by BseDI restriction enzymes seems to be a powerful technique for the identification of pork existence in meatball because of its simplicity, specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, pork contamination intended for sausage, nugget, ―abon‖ and ―dendeng‖ can be checked. The procedure is also much cheaper than other methods based on PCR, immunodiffusion, and other techniques that need expensive equipment.
Keywords: Pork, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Detection, Meatballs
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 29 AGOR039
LAYER PRODUCTIVITY AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT FEEDING PORTION
Indreswari1, R., U. Atmomarsono2 and H. I. Wahyuni2
1) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia 2) Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Abstract
The research aimed to determine feeding portion that support optimal productivity. The material used on experiment was 11 weeks of 252 head of Lohmann Brown. Feeding portion treatments were as follows: T1 = 100% (once at morning); T2 = 30:70%; T3 = 40:60%; T4 = 50:50%; T5 = 60:40%; T6 = 70:30%; T7 = 100% (once at noon). Each treatment was replicated 4 with 9 hens per unit experiment. Completely randomized design was used for this laboratory experiment which applied when the hen reached 22 weeks old. Split in time design was used for the following variables: feed intake, Hen Day Production (HDP), egg mass, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feeding portion treatment as main plot and age as subplot. The observation divided into 2 periods of age, 22-26 weeks and 27-32 weeks. The result showed that no interaction between treatment and age that influenced feed intake, HDP, egg weight, egg mass, and FCR. There was interaction between treatment and age for FCR at 22-26 weeks. The treatments influenced intake and egg weight at 22-26 weeks and at 27-32 weeks. Hen Day Production at 27-32 weeks, shell thickness at 22-26 weeks was affected by the treatments. Egg mass and FCR were not influenced by treatment. This research concluded that giving feeding portion of 70:30% at 22-26 weeks had egg weight higher than other treatments.
Keywords: productivity, feeding portion, layer
30 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR040
CHEMICAL AND APPEARANCE CHARACTERICS OF NOODLES PRODUCING FROM COMPOSITE FLOUR BASED ON YAM (Dioscorea alata L.) AND THE BEANS
Markus1) , J. E. R & Shirly S. Oematan1)
1) Crop Sicence Department, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Nusa Cendana. Jl. Adisucipto Penfui Kupang, 85001. Timor, Indonesia
Abstract
This research has done at Laboratorium of Crop Production and The Seed Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Nusa Cendana, from June to August 2010. This research aim to find out the Chemical and Appearance Characterics of noodles from different composition of composite flour of yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and beans. Its begin with the preparation of collected yam (Dioscorea alata L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L.) from local market Oemofa village and stored in refrigerator at the temperature of 14 oC to 18oC and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) bought from the trader at the local market. The procedure of work include analysis of nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and callori of noodle were based on AOAC procedures.The results show that noodles from composite flour based on yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and the beans have height level of nutrition. The noodles with highest carbohydrate level found in flour purple flesh yam - dolichos bean about 75,62%; 16,67% protein content found in noodles from flour based on purple flesh yam - mung bean, the highest fat content was in noodles with flour of purple flesh yam- mung bean which about 11,86%, and the highest energy produced from noodles with flour of white flesh yam - mung bean . Comparing to wheat noodles and noodles from composite flour, Nutrision content of noodles produced is better than wheat noodles. The percentage texture of noodles with flour white flesh yam - cowpea is 65%, the percentage taste of its with flour purple flesh yam - cowpea is 55%, the percentage smell of with method (purple flesh yam- mung bean and color of noodles with flour (purple flesh yam dolichos bean is 55%.
Key words: noodles, dolichos bean, yam, cowpeas, organoleptic properties
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 31 AGOR042
ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF Rhodotorula spp. AGAINST SPOILAGE-CAUSING MOULDS ON TOMATOES
Anggita. R. Hafsari1, Ariyanti Oetari2, Andi Salamah2 and Wellyzar Sjamsuridzal2
1Departement of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Islamic State Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Bandung 16; 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424; Indonesia; Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Six strains of Rhodotorula spp. (Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-318, Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-325, Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-332, Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-381, Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-384, and Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-386) were investigated as antagonistic yeasts against Aspergillus ochraceus D1.2.2.SSM3, A. terreus D2.2.MC, and Drechslera sp. D1.3.MC. The yeast strains were isolated from plants of Cibodas Botanical Garden, and the mould strains were isolated from decayed tomatoes and infected plants, collection of University of Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC). Antagonistic test by using strip method showed that highest percentage reduction of mould colonies was shown by Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y- 325 against Drechslera sp. (28.12%—72.14%), followed by Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-381 against A. ochraceus (54. 28%— 72.46%), and Rhodotorula sp. Y-318 against A. terreus (21.76%— 58.10%).
Keywords: Aspergillus ochraceus, A. terreus, biological control, Drechslera sp., Rhodotorula sp., tomato, yeast
32 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR043*
GREATER MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN A SALINE SOIL COMPARED WITH NON-SALINE SOIL AFTER ADDITION OF ORGANIC MATTER
1Nurbaity, A.*,** & 2Abbott, L.K. **
*Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600 Indonesia **School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley 6009Australia [email protected]
Abstract
Organic matter had an ameliorative effect when added to a saline soil. Increased organic matter levels and reactivated microbial activity are important processes in improving the soil quality. Soil, when saline, has low microbial activity; hence addition of ameliorants such as organic matter is expected to improve the environment for microorganisms. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of different types and amounts of organic matter on microbial activity in a saline and non-saline soil from Allandale, Western Australia. It was expected that there would be a greater effect of the addition of organic matter in the saline soil compared with non- saline soil, for some microbial processes. The glasshouse experimental design included two types (wheat straw and hay) and amounts (equal to 5 and 10 t/ha) of organic matter. Microbial biomass C, fungal to bacterial ratio, and root length colonised by indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and shoot fresh weight of balansa clover were measured in a bioassay 3 and 6 weeks after organic matter incorporation. Soil microbial respiration was measured every week until the 6th week. Addition of organic matter increased some aspects of soil microbiology and growth of balansa clover. Microbial biomass C, soil microbial respiration, fungal to bacterial ratio, and root length colonised by AM fungi were higher in soil treated with organic matter in both the saline and non-saline soil, but there was a greater effect in the saline soil compared with non-saline soil. Hay treatment had more significant stimulating effects on microbial activity than did straw. Moreover, application of hay at the lower rate (5 t/ha) generally produced similar effects to those obtained with application at higher rate (10 t/ha) of straw. For these levels of application, hay was more efficient in improving the microbial environment in the soil than was straw.
Keywords: salinity, microbial activity, organic matter ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 33 AGOR044*
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF botryodiplodia sp. AS PATHOGEN OF CITRUS GUMMOSIS IN INDONESIA
Julinda BD Henuk
Agricultural Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Jalan Adisucipto Penfui, Kupang, 85001 Indonesia
Abstract
Gummosis is one of the important diseases in citrus caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (synonyms Botryodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia natalensis, teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina). The objectives of the study are to identify the species of pathogen causing gummosis from several citrus central productions in Indonesia based on molecular characteristics and sequence analysis. This study includes three activities: (1) collection and isolation Botryodiplodia sp. from basal stem rot, (2) extraction of DNA genomic and amplification DNA fragment using PCR technique, and (3) sequence analysis. Based on molecular identification and confirmation with DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS4 and ITS5), gummosis was caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx.)). Nine isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae from citrus and other hosts from different location further genetic analysis showed that those isolates can be differentiated into two clusters, showing the possible genetic differences among them.
Keywords: citrus, gummosis, molecular identification, sequencing.
34 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR045*
THE CLIMATE ANOMALY AND ITS EFFECT ON CROPPING SYSTEM AND PADDY PRODUCTIVITY IN BANGKA BELITUNG, INDONESIA
1Siti Fatimah Batubara*, 2Irma Audiah Fachrista**, 3Mamik Sarwendah**
*Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology of North Sumatera, **Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology of Bangka Belitung Address: A.H. Nasution Street 1B North Sumatera Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Climate is a key element of plant metabolism system and physiology. Climate change will have a negative effect on agriculture sustainability, furthurmore; it will harm the food security. In Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, the water provision for paddy fields is still dependent on rainfall. Therefore, the climate anomalies; such as the tardiness of rainy season and high rainfall level, will have affect on paddy farming system. Production of paddy at Bangka Belitung only meet the demand 12.6%, and 87,4% of rice is imported from other provinces. Based on the reasons above, this study was conducted to examine the anomalies of climate and its effect on cropping systems and paddy productivity in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. The data which is used here were rainfall data for last ten years and paddy production in the planting season I and II in 2010. The results showed that climate change is quite extreme if we compared with rainfall for last ten years.This climate change have effect on cropping system. On 2010, there are only 266 ha of rice field was planted (total is 1902 ha). The high rainfall level is have a big effect on rice productivity. The rice productivity on first planting season (April – September 2010) is very low; 1.9 to 2.6 t/ha. Therefore, climatic anomaly that occurred throughout 2010 was influenced cropping systems and rice productivity at Bangka Belitung.
Keywords: Climate anomaly, Paddy, Produktivity, Bangka Belitung
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 35 AGOR046*
PRODUCTION OF PECTINASE FROM RAMIE INDIGENOUS PECTINOLYTIC FUNGI
1Junedi Ragansan Purba, 2Asri Peni Wulandari
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung Corresponden author : [email protected]
Abstract
Research on production of pectinase from ramie indigenous pectinolytic fungi was conducted. Four isolates of indigenous ramie fungi consisting of Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp. was used to produce pectinase under Submerged Fermentation (SmF) technique for 10 days fermentation by using ramie fibers as pectin substrate. By observing the fermentation, the optimum condition for pectinase production was obtained on second day of fermentation with pH 6-7, temperature 30-350C and 1 gram ramie bast fibers in 300 ml of medium fermentation. The results showed a high unit activity of pectinase production, namely 68,77- 70,88 Unit/ml.
Keywords: Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. pectinase, rami (Boehmeria nivea), Submerged Fermtation
36 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR047
KINSHIP TYPE OF BANANA (Musa sp.) IN WEST JAVA BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS
M. Khais P.1, A. Ismail 2, Murdaningsih H. K3 & Fathunnisa4
1Program Studies of Plant Breeding Faculty of Agricultural-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 2Lab. Plant Breeding-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 3 Lab. Plant Breeding-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 4Program Studies of Food Technology Faculty of Agro-industrial Technology - Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,
Abstract
Bananas are horticultural commodities which get priority to be researched and developed because of the potential in order to meet domestic demand or exports. Characterization activities are a way to find out the diversity of character is one of the procedures plant breeding and basic to obtain new high yielding cultivars. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the genetic relationship from types of bananas in West Java based on morphological and agronomic characters. Research using survey methods and the exploration carried out in several areas in West Java (Garut, Purwakarta, Bandung, Cianjur and Banjar) from February to April 2011. Determining the location by purposive sampling. The result of this study is kinship type of bananas in West Java is diverse. From the results of Euclidian distance dendogram of each type, explain that the variation which found in the local banana types is broad.
Keywords: Banana, Characterization, Kinship type, Purposive sampling, Euclidian
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 37 AGOR048
NUMEROUS FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOD AVAILABILITY DURING HARVESTING AND LEAN SEASONS IN WEST TIMOR
Johanna Suek1 & Herianus J.D. Lalel2
1 Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana University, Jalan Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang-Indonesia 2 Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana University, Jalan Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang-Indonesia
Abstract
Problem of hunger in West Timor is very seasonal phenomenon that has to be faced by rural households routinely. Food shortage becomes more severe as the trend of food usage for social functions during harvesting season increase. The aims of this research are (1) to analyze the relationship between season, treatment and food security, and (2) to underpin numerous factors influencing food availability. The research was carried out during the harvesting and lean season in 2009 at 96 villages of four regencies in West Timor. Villages were purposively selected based on their potential agricultural product. Villages of each regency then were divided in four treatments, and thus there were six villages for every treatment. Respondents were 30 housewives of poor households randomly chosen. The result showed that food in most of households comes from their own farm, and hence it has short availability time. Therefore, intervention of the program using treatment of credit, pure storage and fixed storage (storage with contract) gave valuable lessons to the households in coping food shortage problems during lean season. Variables of area of possessing land, cash income and the number of productive labor have positive impact on food availability. In contrast, expenditure for festivals or parties negatively influences food availability in households.
Key words: food security, West Timor, food availability, lean season
38 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR049
LABORATORY BIOASSAY OF ENTOMOPHATOGENIC FUNGI Beauveria bassiana AND Metarrhizium anisopliae FOR CONTROL OF SWEET POTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius Fab.)
Yosep Seran Mau
Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Jln. Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang, NTT. 85001. Indonesia.
Abstract
Sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fab.) is an important pest of sweet potato in the tropics, including Indonesia. The weevil is not easily controlled using conventional method of insecticide spray since the weevil stays and feeds inside the sweet potato tubers and the stems. Alternative control method that could be more effective includes the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae. This study was carried out to investigate the potential of these two entomopathogenic fungal species to control C. formicarius. Several conidial concentrations of B. bassiana and M. anisoplia were sprayed on C. formicarius adults and the insect mortality was observed daily until the last insect died. Research results showed that percentage of insect mortality at 7 day after inoculation (DAI) ranged from 10 to 80% for B. bassiana and 15 to 90% for M. anisopliae inoculations, depending on the conidial concentrations tested. At the lowest conidial concentration (101 condia.mL-1), the test insects inoculated with B. bassiana were all dead at 22 DAI while those inoculated with M. anisoplia were all dead at 19 DAI. The median lethal concentration 4 -1 (LC50) of M. anisopliae to kill 50% of the test insects (9.66×10 conidia.mL ) was lower than that of B. bassiana (1.28×106 conidia.mL-1). Similarly, median lethal time (LT50) of M. anisopliae (3.99 days) was shorter than that of B. bassiana (4.77 days). Research results, therefore, demonstrated that the two fungal species were pathogenic on C. formicarius. Although M. anisopliae had lower LC50 and LT50 than B. bassiana, effectiveness of the two fungal species against C. formicarius was not significantly different due to overlapping fiducial limits of the two parameters.
Key Words: Bioassay, Cylas formicarius, Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 39 AGOR050*
STUDY OF PARTNERSHIP BREEDING BETWEEN PLANT BREEDER AND GAPOKTAN-PONPES (A TRADITIONAL FARMER GROUP) ON CROSSING CAPABILITY IN F1 SWEET CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Arifin Noor Sugiharto
Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDONESIA
Abstract
We have been genotyping the Filius (F6) sweet corn lines that currently ready to be evaluated by multi-location and released. Normally, in the step of breeding program, releasing varieties followed by seed production and distribution would be done after such tests that costly needed and time consuming. Traditional institution of farmer group called in Indonesia as ―Gapoktan‖ and the Religious teaching stage called as ―Ponpes‖ have been known as non-formal institution which have high potency and unique networking access to surrounding public citizen and other informal institutions. As so did, they can be as a producer and virtual guarantor or good marketing agent of many agricultural products as well. Therefore, a mutual partnership model established between breeder and them is very important and to be a prospective idea to short cut breeding process and hybrid seed production. Scientific accountability and efficiency of whole breeding – seed production would be kept into main consideration. The concept was ―Gapoktan‖ and ―Ponpes‖ firstly have been trained to adopt technology for crossing to set F1 Hybrid seed, then the results would be evaluated and compared with those done by breeder to determine whether they eligible or not. If they did so, partnership would be mutully continued and they would be encouraged to distribute F1 seeds to other ―gapoktan‖ or public citizens for next growing season. Three nominated Gapoktan and Ponpes from separated regencies, i.e., Pasuruan, Malang and Batu were determined as the model. They were asked to grow two inbred lines of sweet corn i.e., male and female as parental which than the female ones were detasseled and let them crossed naturally by non-detasseled male. SSR based molecular test was used to address whether true cross or self or out cross pollination in F1 hybrid. Plant height and productivity of famale were also observed. The results showed that F1 seed production as indicator achievement among them were not significantly different from those of breeder in any place. Even though in between the places they did differ in plant height. The differences were probably caused by ecological factors, not by their capability in agriculture practicing. Based on SSR analysis, only a F1 population from gapoktan of Tani subur, Pasuruan showed the highest self pollination. 40 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR052
LEVEL ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABILITY CAPTURE FISHERIES RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (Acase in Pangandaran region in the district of Ciamis Weast Java)
Atikah Nurhayat, RusidMaman Haeruman Karmana, Bachrulhajat Koswara
Abstract
Research was aims to assess the sustainability fisheries resources in the region of Pangandaran West Java Ciamis. Out of consideration that the region has decreasing the production of capture fisheries and never affected by the tsunami disaster. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Analysis of the sustainability of fisheries resource management is done using Rapfish analysis.This research uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data by using a stratified cluster random sampling as many as 186 people fishing outboard and purposively acquired five employees Marine and Fisheries district of Ciamis West Java Province. Analysis of the sustainability of fisheries resource management is done using Rapfish analysis. Level of sustainability of fisheries resource management through a dimensional approach to ecological, social, technological and ethical in poor sustainability of fishery resources while managing the economic dimension in condition enough to support the sustainability of fisheries resource management.
Keywords: sustainability, rapfish, fisheries
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 41 AGOR053
SIMULATION MODEL FOR CORN (Zea mays, L.) PLANTING TIME DETERMINATION IN DRYLAND OF TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
W.I.I. Mella1, T. Vincentius1, R. Pollo1, A.S.J Adutae1, M.M.J. Kapa1, M. Kasim1, K. Rantelobo2, A. Kedang3, & A. Geru4
1Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia 2Fakultas Sains dan Teknik, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia 3Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia 4Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, Kupang 85001, Indonesia
Abstract
In the last decade, corn farmers in West Timor have frequently experienced planting failure due to erratic rainfall and dry spells. A reliable planting time determination will be highly appreciated not just by farmers but by politicians alike. This study was meant to build a model of planting time for corn based on crop water requirement, rainy season forecast, water balance, and dry spell occurrences. Crop water requirement is specifically assessed for seed germination and early growth of seedlings on representative soils (an Entisols and a Vertisols). Water balance was based on Cocheme-Franquin model in determining water surpluses and deficits during the year. Rainfall forecasting was based on a combination of ARIMA model and SOI values. Dry spells were calculated based on Oldeman and Frère method. Results showed that there were three determining factors in planting time of corn namely: water deficit (rainfall minus ETo), SOI values, and dry spell (rainfall < 3 mm) probability during two consecutive days in a decade. The model is: (1). IF SOI 3 preceding months >+7 THEN Planting = 1 ELSE Planting = 0; (2). IF PDD < 50% THEN Planting time = 1 ELSE Planting time = 0; (3) IF (Rainfall-ETo)>0>soil water deficit THEN Planting time = 1 ELSE Planting time = 0.
Keywords: planting time, corn (Zea mays), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), dry spell, Timor
42 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR054*
SOIL EROSION AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD AVAILABILITY OF DRYLAND FARMS UNDER SHIFTING CULTIVATION AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS IN WEST TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA
1Welhelmus I. I. Mella and 2Johanna Suek
Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana University Kampus Baru Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province 85001 Phone/Fax: 62-380-881085; Cell: 085239004279; Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the past, shifting cultivation with a slash burn operation in drylands of West Timor was considered to be an environmentally sound practice. Nowadays, however, with a fast population growth couples with hilly to mountaneous topography of the area may put shifting cultivation practices as a sole reason for land degradation and food crop production decrease through soil erosion. This ultimately menace the sustainability of dryland food crop productions. A notion that slash and burn may improve soil fertility through available minerals in ashes can be nulified by run-off. Therefore, this research was designed to estimate erosion rates of soils under shifting cultivation on different elevations, and to relate household food availability of farms under shifting cultivation with soil erosion rates. A field survey was conducted to collect soil variables and field measurable USLE variables and to collect food production data from farms under shifting cultivation. Seventy three farmers at three different elevations who farmed on three slope categories were propotionally random sampled. Household food availability was based on rice equivalence. Results showed that in each slope category, soil erosion rates increased with elevations. Similarly, in every elevation, soil erosion rates increased with slopes. In general, however, soil erosion rates were way higher than the tolerable rates. Therefore, in all the study sites, proper soil conservation measures have to be strictly applied to reduce soil erosion rates to below tolerable figures. Simple regression analyses revealed a decrease of 0.49 kcal, 0.77 kcal, and 0.21 kcal of food availability with an increase of one ton soil eroded in areas of 0 to 400 m asl, >400 to 900 m asl, and >900 m asl, respectively. A low food availability decrease with a one-ton increase in soil erosion at >900 m asl was due to conservation measures applied in the area.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 43 AGOR055
EFFECT OF PUFA SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHOLESTEROL, FAT CONTENT, WATER CONTENT, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE SIMENTAL-ONGOLE CROSS BRED MEAT
Riyanto, J 1., S. D. Widyawati1 & W. Pratitis1
1Animal Husbandry Department of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57101, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) supplementation of Lemuru Fish Oil (LFO), Palm Oil (PO), Soybean Meal (SM) and Fish Meal (FM) in cattle feedlot rations Simental-Ongole Cross Bred on the cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat content. The treatments were as many as 5 kinds: BF = Basal Feed (BF) (30% rice straw fermented (RSF)+70% Basal Concentrate (BC), PO=30% RSF+65%BC+5%PO, LFO=30%RSF+65%BC+5%LFO,FM = 30%RSF+60%BC +10%FM, and SM = 30%RSF+60% BC +10%SM. LFO and PO protection previously performed by saponification, while the SM and FM protected by 5% formaldehyde each treatment was given to the Simental-Ongole Cross Bred for 4 months of fattening feedlot model. All cattle treated is cut and then meat taken on the muscle Longissimus dorsi (Ld) for determination of cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat content. The result is PUFA supplementation significantly affect (P 0.05) on cholesterol and not significantly affect (P≥0.05) on fat content, water content, and protein meat content. Cholesterol content of meat from each treatment are FM, SM, PO, LFO, and BF was 22.5 mg 100g-1, 24.16 mg 100g-1, 29.3 mg 100g-1, 31.4 mg 100g-1, and 39.8 mg 100g-1, respectively, fat content 3,41%, 3,26%, 3,62%, 3,38% and 3,45%, respectively, water content 75,05%,74,57 %, 75,24%, 73,90%, 71,97% respectively. and protein content 21,75%, 22,60 %, 22,29%, 18,56%, and 21,99% respectively. Conclusion beef cattle that received supplementation with PUFA obtained meat lower cholesterol content than those fed with non supplementation of PUFA. PUFA supplementation either derived from waste oil (LFO and PO) as well as from not waste oil (SM and FM) are able to produce low cholesterol and fat meat content and high protein meat content compared to those without PUFA supplementation in the ration of fattening cattle Feedlot Simental-Ongole Cross Bred. Supplementation of Soybean Meal produced meat low in cholesterol, low fat and high protein
Keywords: PUFA, cholesterol, meat fat, meat water, meat protein, Simental-Ongole Cross Bred
44 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR057
EFFECT OF PUFA SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHOLESTEROL, FAT CONTENT, WATER CONTENT, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE SIMENTAL-ONGOLE CROSS BRED MEAT
Riyanto, J ., S. D. Widyawati & W. Pratitis
Animal Husbandry Department of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57101, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) supplementation of Lemuru Fish Oil (LFO), Palm Oil (PO), Soybean Meal (SM) and Fish Meal (FM) in cattle feedlot rations Simental-Ongole Cross Bred on the cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat content. The treatments were as many as 5 kinds: BF = Basal Feed (BF) (30% rice straw fermented (RSF)+70% Basal Concentrate (BC), PO=30% RSF+65%BC+5%PO, LFO=30%RSF+65%BC+5%LFO,FM = 30%RSF+60%BC +10%FM, and SM = 30%RSF+60% BC +10%SM. LFO and PO protection previously performed by saponification, while the SM and FM protected by 5% formaldehyde each treatment was given to the Simental- Ongole Cross Bred for 4 months of fattening feedlot model. All cattle treated is cut and then meat taken on the muscle Longissimus dorsi (Ld) for determination of cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat content. The result is PUFA supplementation significantly affect (P 0.05) on cholesterol and not significantly affect (P≥0.05) on fat content, water content, and protein meat content. Cholesterol content of meat from each treatment are FM, SM, PO, LFO, and BF was 22.5 mg 100g-1, 24.16 mg 100g-1, 29.3 mg 100g-1, 31.4 mg 100g-1, and 39.8 mg 100g-1, respectively, fat content 3,41%, 3,26%, 3,62%, 3,38% and 3,45%, respectively, water content 75,05%,74,57 %, 75,24%, 73,90%, 71,97% respectively. and protein content 21,75%, 22,60 %, 22,29%, 18,56%, and 21,99% respectively. Conclusion beef cattle that received supplementation with PUFA obtained meat lower cholesterol content than those fed with non supplementation of PUFA. PUFA supplementation either derived from waste oil (LFO and PO) as well as from not waste oil (SM and FM) are able to produce low cholesterol and fat meat content and high protein meat content compared to those without PUFA supplementation in the ration of fattening cattle Feedlot Simental-Ongole Cross Bred. Supplementation of Soybean Meal produced meat low in cholesterol, low fat and high protein
Keywords: PUFA, cholesterol, meat fat, meat water, meat protein, Simental-Ongole Cross Bred ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 45 AGOR061*
STUDY ON PREPARATION OF NATURAL COLOURANT-LOADED EMULSION USING SPONTANEOUS-DIFFUSION TECHNIQUE
1Sri Yuliani, 2Heny Herawaty, 3Niken Harimurti
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development (Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian) Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 12, Bogor
Abstract
The use of natural colourant is gaining popularity in line with the increase in trend in back to nature life style. Incorporating natural calourant in traditional textile manufacturing is encouraged as it produces less waste and environmentally friendly. Preparation of emulsion containing natural colourant is an attractive approach as it provides ready to use colourant for easy application. In this research, natural colourant extracted from wood leather of Ceriops tagal PERR is used in colourant emulsification. Emulsions consisting of wood leather extract – hydrophilic surfactant – water at different proportions were prepared using spontaneous diffusion technique under low magnetic stirring. Four different concentrations of wood leather extract containing hydrophilic surfactant were examined (5, 10, 15 and 10%) with a fixed ratio of surfactant to the extract. Stirring time (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) was also observed to identify the emulsion properties as affected by process conditions. The formation of emulsion droplets was affected by stirring time and extract concentration. Fine emulsion droplets were observed in low extract concentrations and long stirring time.
Keywords: emulsion, natural colourant, Ceriops tagal
46 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR063
CAROTENOID, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF “JINTAN LEAVES” (Plectranthus amboinicus L. Spreng.)
1Lydia Ninan Lestario, 2Lina Agustina, 3Sri Hartini Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Satya Wacana Christian University, jl. Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga- 50711, Indonesia
Abstract
Studies on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and carotenoid content in the leaves of the cumin (Plectranthus amboinicus L. Spreng.) have been carried out from May 2008 until February 2009 at the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Satya Wacana Christian University. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and carotenoids content at leaves extract of cumin (Plectranthus amboinicus L. Spreng.) Antioxidant activity in study was measured by DPPH method, and reducing power method, where as phenolic content was measured by staining with Folin Ciocalteau method, and the measurement of carotenoids was carried out with lichtenthaler method. Data obtained from this research were tested with RAK (Randomized completely block disign) test with and 5 treatments and 5 replications (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water as solvents). The results obtained showed that the highest of antioxidant activity by DPPH method and reducing power method; total phenolic content and the content of carotenoids were found in ethyl acetate extract. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method was 83.31 ± 2.00%, while the reducing power method was 4.777 ± 0.1131 mek K4Fe(CN)6 / g extract, and total phenolic content was 32.09 ± 3.87 mg / g extract and the content of carotenoids was 5,2394 ± 0,1715 mg / g extract.
Keywords: antioxidant activity, free redical scavenger, reducing power, phenolic, carotenoid
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 47 AGOR064
HARMONIZING AGRICULTURE, FORESTS AND FISHERY MANAGEMENT IN THE DESIGN OF REDD+ IN SMALL ISLANDS OF KEPULAUAN ARU REGENCY, MALUKU PROVINCE
Mardiatmoko, G.
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, 97233, Indonesia,
Abstract
Generally, ecology on big islands and small islands is different. In case of small islands ecology is more fragile, implementation of sustainable agriculture, forest and fishery should be handled carefully. The research regarding management of coastal area in small islands and its impact for sustainable development in Regency of Kepulauan Aru, Maluku Province was done. The results showed that the natural resources of Kepulauan Aru Regency is a very potential regency for fishery development and fishery sector has become as leading sector and prime mover for economical development in this region. Unfortunately, the coastal area, low land and high land have damaged by forest degradation, deforestation and others activities. In this case, forest quality can be improved through forest conservation action in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) Project. The Special Design of REDD+ Project in Small Islands is needed and should be done by harmonizing Agriculture, Forests and Fishery management with involvement of all stakeholders in this region.
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, REDD+, deforestation, forest degradation.
48 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR065*
FARMER INVESMENT INTO BIOSECURITY ON BROILER AND LAYER FARMS IN SOUTH SULAWESI
1V.S. Lestari*, 2A. Natsir*, 3H.M. Ali*, 4I. Patrick**
*Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Telephone: (0411) Email: [email protected] Telp: (0411)582906 **Institute for Rural Future, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
Abstract
Biosecurity is defined as an activity undertaken to protect livestock from infectious diseases by applying sanitary and other prevention efforts. Biosecurity measure consists of isolation, traffic-control and sanitation. The purpose of biosecurity measure is to prevent poultry from contagious diseases especially Avian Influenza (AI), so that the poultry products are safe and healthy to consume.This research was conducted to identify the level of biosecurity on broiler and layer farms and to know the ratio between investment and business scale in an effort to determine whether large- scale farms or small-scale farms invest more in biosecurity. Survey was conducted on 60 broiler and 60 layer farms which were located in Maros and Sidrap regencies. This research was done in May 2010 for one month. Data were collected thorugh observation and interview with broiler and layer farmers using questioner. Data were analized using descriptive statistics. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that in general biosecurity measures from the gate to the shed at layer and broiler farms have the same profile, however, on layer farm give a better attention on a locked fence, parking area and washing vehicles, while on broiler farms pay more attention to avoid puddles. The average cost for repairs and maintenance of broiler farms were greater than the layer farms for small scale farm. For broiler farms, large-scale biosecurity investment cost was lower than the small scale.
Key words: investment, biosecurity, broiler, layer, farm
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 49 AGOR066
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG JAVANESE WINGED BEAN (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. DC.) ACCESSIONS
Nusifera, S.1, M.H. Karmana2, M. Rachmadi2, and A.Karuniawan2
1Agronomy Department, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia 2,Plant Breeding Department, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of diversity and relationships among 27 winged bean accessions collected from several region in Java Island. Characterization of 29 characters was conducted in a field experiment started from May 2009 untill september 2010 in experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor Sumedang. Experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design and replicated twice. Treatment was 27 winged bean accessions collected from various region of Java Island. 29 characters observed were morpho agronomic characters which were measured by referring to plant descriptors issued by IBPGR (international Board of Plant genetic Resources). Such experiment was conducted in two growing seasons.Correlation analysis was done on several quantitatively measured characters. To estimate the extent of diversity, data were analyzed multivariately using principle component analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed that there were extremely large diversity among 27 javanese wingedbean accessions. Results of PCA analysis indicated that accessions from west java were distributed in four quadrant of biplot. This means that wide variability existed among western accessions. Meanwhile, rest accessions from central and eastern Java seemed to be affiliated in the same cluster with accessions from west java. Fact that three accessions from west java was seperated different cluster also indicated that wingedbean seed trafficking might start from west java, central and eventually east Java. This prediction was in accordance with previous assumption that west java had been center of diversity of winged bean. The results of the characters distribution and phenotipic diversity analysis permitted some broad generalization about collection, coservation (core collection), and uses (breeding purposes).
Keywords : accession, diversity, genetic, seed-trafficking,winged bean. 50 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR067*
EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUND IN RAW MATERIAL, GERMINATED AND TEMPEH LIKE PRODUCT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata)
1Iceu Agustinisari*, 2Endang Yuli Purwani *, 3Widia Ningsih** and 4Muslich*** *Indonesian Center of Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar no 12, Bogor Indonesia (Phone: 0251-8321762, Fax: 0251-8350920, corresponding author: [email protected] **Graduate from Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University ***3Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University
Abstract
Cowpea is one of local bean which widely grown in Indonesia. This bean is commonly used as culinary ingredients and traditional snacks. Formerly research revealed that cowpea bean could be processed to be tempeh like product, is usually made from soybean. Investigation to explore both nutrition and non nutrition compounds in cowpea bean is important to optimalize its benefit. One of non nutritional compound is phenolic compound which is functioned as antioxidant. Antioxidant compounds played various roles as health promoting factor. This study evaluted the potential phenolic compound such as tanin, coumaric acid and ferulic acid in raw material, germinaed bean and cowpea tempeh, including their antioxidant activities. Ferulic and coumaric acid were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, whereas tanin and total phenolic content was analyzed using spectrofotometer. Result showed that the content of phenolic compound decreased by germination and fermentation, while antioxidant activities increased. Coumaric acid was found in raw material, germinated bean and cowpea tempeh. Ferulic acid was found only in cowpea tempeh or after fermentation.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 51 AGOR068
STRENGTHENING FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY BY INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY IN SINDANG KASIH VILLAGE, SOUTH KONAWE REGENCY)
Darwis, Suaib, & Hasbullah Syaf
Lecturers at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at Haluoleo University Kendari 93232, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Today the agricultural challenge has been getting heavier. The population of the world has reached 6.8 billion and the instability of food production due to climate change. Formerly the agricultural end products serve to meet the human needs only, but now its also competitively with another consumers, such as corn used as livestock feed. Agricultural products are also converted into bio-energy such as biodiesel and bio-ethanol. Further effort to increase production has fueled the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides that could have an impact on environmental damage. One of many ways in solving food and feed needs in agro-ecological dry land conditions and according to the wisdom of local communities is an integrated farming system which integrate crops and livestock. An action research was carried out by integrating the wet rice and cattle in Sindang Kasih village, South Konawe regency since 2005 until now. The completely randomized design was arranged the 100 kg of Urea, 100 kg of SP, and 100 kg of NPK as A treatment, and 0 kg of Urea, 100 kg of SP, and 100 kg of NPK + 2 tons of Sludge as B treatment. The biogas sludge obtained from the use of cow manure into biogas digester. The digester capacity is about 5 cubic and it‘s able to serve two household farmers. This simple technology was able to suppress 50 % of the cost of kerosene fuel. By using biogas sludge, the panicle length, the number of tillers, the number of full filling seeds, 1000 seed weight and yield were increased by 10,00 %, 12,50 %, 12.90 %, 12.90 % and 20.00 % respectively, while the hollow seeds decreased by 23,53 %. In conclusion, the integrated farming are able to improve food production, provide livestock feed, household energy fulfillment, and biogas sludge use as organic manure and pesticide simultaneously.
Keywords : biogas, food and energy security, integrated farming 52 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR069
SUSTAINABILITY OF FOOD RESOURCES BY ECO- FARMING IMPLEMENTATION: THE ROLE OF FARMERS‟ SOCIO ECONOMICS
Evi Frimawaty1, Adi Basukriadi2, Jasmal A.Syamsu3, & T.E.Budhi Soesilo4
1Doctoral Student of Environmental Science Study Program, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia and staff of Jambi Province Government, Indonesia 2Faculty Mathematics and Science, University of Indonesia 3Animal Husbandry Faculty, University of Hasanuddin 4Environmental Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, University of Indonesia
Abstract
The agricultural sector in Indonesia is still the mainstay of the sector. It can be seen from the role of agriculture to GDP in 2010 increased from 14.5% to 15.3% (BPS, 2011), besides to meet the food needs of more than 235 million people and will continue to grow with growth rate is 1.49% per year (BPS, 2011). Agricultural development is an effort to support food security, now face various challenges that more serious and complex, especially environmental carrying capacity. This is because the agricultural sector produces waste and pollution are high enough, high in use of natural resources, especially for water and land as well as vulnerable to climatic shocks. With the limited carrying capacity of the natural environment and the climate change, the sustainable agricultural development is needed through implementation of the eco-farming concept. Eco-farming is a form of agriculture that seek wherever possible to achieve harmony with their environment by considering the social, economic and ecological. According to Leahy (2011), transfer of agricultural systems towards eco-farming is something that is urgent to end hunger and face the challenges of climate change. According to Amin (2010), other constraints in agricultural development efforts in rural on a households scale farmers is the problem of socio-economics of farmers, where farmers generally have a narrow land (subsistence), labor and fewer farmers generally have a fairly old age with the level education is low, it will limited to technology usage. Various studies have explained that the farmers' socio-economic variables affect the process of receiving an agricultural innovation (Mafimisebi et al, 2006; Rahman, 2007; Rezvanfar, 2007; Rezvanfar and Arabi 2009, Oladel and Rantseo, 2010) by using linear regression, the dependent variable is the socio-economic attributes of farmers (gender, age, experience, education, family size, income). Therefore needs to be done in-depth review of the factors of socio economics of the farmer. This paper is a review of the role of farmers’ socio-economic towards applying eco farming.
Keywords: eco-farming, food resources, farmer socio economy, sustainability
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 53 AGOR070*
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MALAYSIAN RUBBER PRODUCTION: A RICARDIAN APPROACH
1P. Borkotoky, 2I. AbdLatif, 3Z.A. Mohamed, 4M.N.Shamsudin
Department of agribusiness and information systems Faculty of agriculture University putra malaysia
Abstract
This study measures the climate change impacts on Malaysian rubber production using the Ricardian model. This model analyses the changes in net revenue per hectare of rubber as a consequent of the impacts of climate change. Although the temperature variation analyzed was limited to 30 years, it did confirm the adverse impacts of climate change on rubber production. The study utilizes the time series data for the period of 1980 to 2010 for rubber production, climate variables and other control variables. In increase in June temperature showed negative impacts where as a similar increase in November temperature showed positive impact on net revenue of rubber. From the two rubber growing seasons, dry season temperature increase was found to be beneficial where as wet season higher temperatures will be harmful. The trend for precipitation in both dry and wet seasons is U-shaped which indicated that the rise in rainfall will be harmful in both the seasons. Moreover the change in net revenue per hectare was also calculated for the warming scenario of IPCC i.e. 2 °C rise in mean temperature and 7% increase in rainfall levels. Results indicate that the net revenue of rubber in the dry and wet season will increase by about 7% as a result of the rise in temperature. However, an increase in rainfall will lead to a decrease in net revenue by 6 % and 41 % in the dry and wet season respectively.
Keywords: Climate change, Rubber, Ricardian model
54 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR071
OPTIMIZATION FORMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES BASED ON MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (MCT) AND VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO)
Luna1, P, S. Usmiati2& A.N. Alamsyah2
1Graduate student Food Science-Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16610, Indonesia 2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research Development (ICAPRD), Bogor 16114, Indonesia
Abstract
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) were known as functional food oil which was rich of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA). VCO contains medium chain triglycerides (MCT/Medium Chain Triglycerides), and contain about 50% lauric acid which is an essential fatty acid in building and maintaining immune system. The aim of this study was to formulate new functional beverage based on Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Microemulsion in this study was processed based on Florin Vlad method. The best formula functional beverage was microemulsion from MCT oil, with inggredients water 33%, solvent 15%, surfactant 11.6%, MCT 40%, and CMC 0.4%. MCT functional beverage had characteristics stability tend to decreased at high temperature and viscosity tend to increase during storage. Acid value and peroxide value on products tend to increase especially at storage temperatures of 30 and 37.5 °C. Homogenization using speed of 8000 rpm for 10 minutes droplet size ranged from 4.0 to 12.1 μm.
Keywords: Virgin Coconut Oil, Medium Chain Triglyceride, Physical characteristics
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 55 AGOR072
INSTABILITY IN SELECTED MALAYSIAN CROP PRODUCTION IN REFERENCE TO THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
1P. Borkotoky, 2I. AbdLatif, 3Z.A. Mohamed, 4M.N.Shamsudin
Department of Agribusiness and Information System Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Abstract
Instability in crop production has raised a concern in the Malaysian agriculture sector on which 15% of the population depends as their income for livelihood. Instability mainly influences farm income and production of crops. To understand the instability this study examined four major crops of Malaysian agriculture from 1984 -1997 and 1998 – 2008. This period includes the National Agricultural policies of Malaysia. The results show growth of production in oil palm, and rice was from area increase and yield increase respectively and drastic decrease in rubber and cocoa production due to less area acreage. The study identified the major factors for instability in crop production, and recommended that policy makers address instability by looking into the proper area distribution among crops and to improve the yield of crops by introducing new varieties and technologies.
Keywords: Instability, Agricultural policy, Malaysia
56 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR073*
QUALITY CHANGES OF MANGO DURING EXPORT DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING BY AIR LINE (TRIAL EXPORT CASE STUDY OF MANGO CV GEDONG TO HONG KONG)
Ira Mulyawanti dan Ridwan Rachmat Indonesian Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and Development Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Cimanggu Bogor E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Trading price condition of mangoes during peak season is less profitable for farmers because of mango fruit substituted with another so that when the mango season, the price in domestic market is low. Thus the necessary efforts to increase marketing through export. Trial was done by applying fresh handling technology for mangoes. The technology includes sorting, grading, waxing (wax 6%, 500 ppm benomyl, and lustres agent 0,125%), the use of foam net, packaging using cardboard boxes, and export through the air. Trial was performed to find out the condition during transportation and also to know the quality of mangoes stock with and without waxing treatment to its characteristics during distribution and marketing export by air routes to Hong Kong. The trial result showed that there was a fairly high temperature fluctuations during transportation of mangoes export. Its also showed that waxing can reduce damage of mangoes in microbiology, but physically could cause injury to the skin of mangoes.
Key words: mango, export, waxing, postharvest
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 57 AGOR074*
CONTRIBUTION OF NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT ON IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY
Tuti Herawati*, Tati Rostiwati**, Rachman Effendy***
*Centre for Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development -FORDA, Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor Indonesia, PO Box 331 Fax/Phone : +62 251 752005, email: [email protected] **Centre for Forest Productivity Research and Development-FORDA Jalan Gunung Batu No.5 Bogor-Indonesia, email :[email protected] ***Centre for Climate Change and Policy - FORDA, Jalan Gunung Batu No.5 Bogor Indonesia email : rch_effendi@yahoo,com3
Abstract
This paper was intended to study contribution of forestry sector especially non timber forest product to support food security in Indonesia. The study was conducted by review of the various NTFP as food resources and its utilization for supporting food security. Food security is considered not stable Indonesia due to high levels of poverty, dependence on staple food rice, and the proportion of imports of some types of food. Therefore, it is essential for Indonesia to put the stabilization of food security as one of the most important agenda. Ministry of Forestry is one of institution that was related to food security policy. Linking forestry sector to national food security is through the utilization of forest resources especially Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP). Indonesia forest is rich in NTFP food resources. The various sources of NTFP food resources are : group of tubers (such as taro), starchy (like sago), mushrooms, vegetables (such as leaves melinjo), fruits (such as breadfruit, cempedak, durian); grains and nuts; and animal protein sources such as bush meat seafood, fish, pheasant, cassowaries, birds, deer, wild boar, squirrels, etc. In addition, there are a lot of honey bee products used for food and health. Utilization is done through breeding, cultivation and harvesting. Thereby, the contributions of the NTFP in national food security has long been carried out through optimize the utilization of forest resources. Agroforestry activities, silvofishery and silvopastura, became a major alternative in improving the contribution of the forestry sector in the provision of food.
Keywords: Non Timber Forest product, food security, contribution, utilization
58 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR079
EXTRACELLULAR GLUTATHIONE LEVELS DID NOT AFFECT STOMATAL APERTURE IN GUARD CELLS OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
1,2Md Sarwar Jahan, 1Mohd Khairi B Che Lah, 1Syed Syazwan Bin Syed Kamarulzaman 1Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. 2 Corresponding author: Md. Sarwar Jahan Address: Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Tel: ++6-09-666-0241; Fax: ++6-09-665-0244 E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), is a thiol-containing tripeptide, maintains redox homeostasis in plants under normal and stressful conditions. In order to justify whether extracellular GSH contents affect stomatal aperture, we investigated stomatal aperture in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Application of monochlorobimane (MCB) and cell- impermeable glutathione (GSH) did not affect stomatal aperture in guard cells of Arabidopsis. Dark induced stomatal closure and light induced stomatal opening but pre-treatment of MCB and GSH did not affect dark-induced stomatal closure and light-induced stomatal opening. In addition, pre-treatment of GSH did not affect abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Treatment of Ca and H2O2 enhanced stomatal closure in both wild type plants and ch1-1 mutant plants but did not affect GSH contents in guard cells. In addition, pre- treatment of GSH did not affect Ca- and H2O2-induced stomatal closure. Taken together these results suggest that extracellular GSH might not affect stomatal aperture in guard cells of Arabidopsis.
Keywords: glutathione, arabidopsis thaliana, guard cells, stomatal aperture, abscisic acid ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 59 AGOR081*
INFLUENCE OF PROTEOLITYC ENZYME TO COW MILK DADIH CHARACTERISTIC : A PRELIMINARY STUDY
1Miskiyah and 2Sri Usmiati
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development (ICAPRD), Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 12 Bogor 16114, Indonesia Email : [email protected]
Abstract
Dadih is traditional food from West Sumatra that made by enter buffalo fresh milk into bamboo, fermented at room temperature during 1 till 2 day. Limitation of buffalo milk production is replaced with other raw material that is cow milk. Nevertheless difference of physical and chemistry characteristic from curd produced existed, so must conducted modification of cow milk dadih processing by food additive. Research aimed was to obtain food additive that can produce cow milk dadih with good characteristic. Research covers 2 activities, that is : 1). determination of cow milk concentration for dadih processing; and 2). Determination of proteolityc enzyme. Result shows that treatment of milk evaporation till 50% (v/v) produce dadih with good characteristic. Enzyme of papain 100 ppms, 2 ppms of renin, and 0,5 ppms of Mucor sp crude extract can produce good dadih characteristic.
Keywords : proteolityc enzyme, cow milk dadih
60 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR082*
COMMUNICATING AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMER‟S PRACTICE CHANGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT (RfD) PROJECTS IN EASTERN INDONESIA
1Nurul Hilmiati and 2Elske van de Fliert Center of communication for social change, University of Queensland, Australia
Abstract
The transfer of technology (ToT) model has been used in Indonesian agricultural RfD projects as strategy to communicate innovations into wide implementation. Innovations are handed over from national research centers into provincial RfD organizations to be adapted and disseminated. Unfortunately, results of those adaptive RfD projects are still unsatisfying with low impacts on farmers livelihood while farmers often return into their previous behavior once the projects finished (ACIAR report, 2008). There is a growing concern over the effectiveness of ToT model as communication strategy of agricultural innovations for farmers practice change and livelihood improvement. This paper aims to compare two different approaches and processes in agricultural R4D projects and their consequent outcomes and impacts. A study was conducted from 2009 to2010 towards two R4D projects in West and East Nusa Tenggara province using case study methodology from constructivist perspective. Qualitative data were collected using participatory techniques of focus group discussion, direct observation and in-depth interview. The study exhibited that more intensive stakeholder engagement in planning stage and during all project processes added by two-way communication environment provide more ownership and commitment over processes leading to more suitable outputs and self-motivated practice change hence more sustainable impacts on farmer‘s livelihood.
Key words: participatory communication, community based situation analysis, participatory processes. ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 61 AGOR083
ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF MONOGLYCERIDE THROUGH ESTERIFICATION SYSTEM
Luna1, P, N. Andarwulan2& T.Haryati3
1Graduate student Food Science-Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16610, Indonesia 2Lecture Food Science and Tecnology Department-Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Researcher PT MAKIN, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Abstract
Coconut and palm kernel oils were recognized as health oils in Ayurvedic Medicine. Modern research has found a common link between these two natural health products their fat or lipid content. Medium chain fatty acids and monoglycerides found primarily in these two tropical oils and mothers milk had functional effects. The aim of this research was to develop esterification system for the enzymatic production of monoglyceride (MG). Novozyme® 435 was employed as catalyst in esterification system. This research was using Central Composite Design from Response Surface Methods (RSM) as experimental design. Temperature and time of reaction were as variables. Semi continuous circulated packed bed reactor had residence time of 23.57 minute, glycerol/ oil molar ratio of 5:1, solvent/substrat ratio of 8.8:1 (wt/wt), and the process produced MG up to 80%. Optimization was obtained quadratic equation which was 2 2 Y= - 61.700 + 6.088 x1+3.259 x2 – 0.065 x1 + 0.017 x1x2 – 1.792 x2 with R2 = 0.5408. The optimum temperature and time reaction of 46.92oC and 1.1 hour, respectively and predictive value for MG content was 82,96%.
Keywords: monoglyceride, Candida antartica lipase, esterification system, organic solvent, optimization
62 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR084*
LOCAL BANGKA OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION TO FOOD TENACITY (NASI ARUK) IN BANGKA ISLAND
Tri Lestari
Jurusan Agroteknologi-FPPB, Kampus Terpadu Universitas Bangka Belitung Jl. Raya Desa Balun Ijuk Kecamatan Merawang Kabupaten Bangka Prop.Kep.Babel. Hp. 08158159849, email: [email protected]
Abstract
Bangka Belitung Province through is superior agricultural sector has contributed about 20% to the regional income. Cassava production of province reached 23,332 tons in 2009. This condition is still low when it is compared with the national average productivity. Yellow- red Podsolic lands found in Bangka Island with acid characteristic. The purpose of this research is to know the produktivity of the ten genotypes of local Bangka cassava in yellow-red podsolic for food tenacity. The research was conducted by using randomized design (10x3). Ten genotype of local Bangka cassava Mentega, Bayel, Upang, Sekula, Sutra, Rakit, Batin, Selangor, Kuning and Pulut. The result showed that the ten genotype cassava can production in Yellow- red Podsolic lands. Sutera has producty in Yellow-red Podsolic lands is 2,96 kg/tan. In the organoleptic test, the steamed cassava indicated the type of kuning liking taste that got second point from the respondents to diversication the local food tenacity of Bangka island with mocaff (nasi aruk).
Keywords: Cassava accession of Bangka island, organoleptic, Food tenacity (nasi aruk)
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 63 AGOR085
EVALUATION OF EXTENSION WORKERS‟ ATTITUDE TOWARD INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
1,2Putra, R. A. R. S, 1J. Udomsade, and 1S. Niyamangkoon
1International Graduate Program in Development Communication, Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahon Yothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2Department of Social Economics, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the access of information channels and attitude of extension workers toward Integrated Farming System (IFS). This study used a survey design. Data were collected from 184 extension workers Sleman and Bantul districts, in Yogyakarta Province. F- test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, were employed to test hypothesis. Results revealed that extension workers accessed agricultural magazine rather than newspaper, journal of agricultural research and internet to gain information toward IFS. It was found that extension workers‘ attitude towards IFS was at high level. Hypotheses testing indicated that extension workers‘ attitude toward IFS by accessing journal of agricultural research was significantly different from which by accessing newspaper, agricultural magazine, and internet.
Keywords: Attitude, Access of Information Channels, Extension workers, Integrated Farming System
64 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR086
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) TO BORON FERTILIZERS UNDER THE VARİED SOİL LİME CONTENT*
1M.Rüştü Karaman**, 2Sezer Şahin, 3Naif Geboloğlu, 4Metin Turan, 5Murat Sadıkoğlu **Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tokat, Turkey, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
While boron (B) is essential for yield and quality, relatively small amounts of B are required to support the process of plant growth. Thus, varied solubility of different B sources has a great importance in order to avoid potential toxicity or deficiency of B to agricultural crops. In the present study, different B sources as boron fertilizers were tested for tomato plants to correct potential B deficiency or minimize the risk of B toxicity under the varied soil lime content which consist of most of the agricultural area in Turkey. For this aim, a pot experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design using the seven different soils containing varied levels of calcium carbonate. Tomato variety of Sedir (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was used for the present study. Five B sources, ground colemanite (2CaO.3B2O3.5H2O), borax decahidrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O), borax pentahidrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O), sodium metaborate tetrahidrate -1 (NaBO2.4H2O), boric acid (H3BO3), were applied at the rate of 1.5 kg B ha to the experimental soils. In addition, a basal dressing of some macro and micro nutrients were applied to all pots for normal plant growth. The plants were harvested after eight weeks. Dry matter yield was recorded, and total B and nitrogen concentrations in the top of plants were determined. According to the results of experiment, dry weights were significantly affected by application of B fertilizer as an average of B sources. The results clearly showed that tomato plants differently responded to the B sources having different solubility under the varied soil conditions. Boron and nitrogen nutrition of tomato plant was also significantly influenced by B sources under the varied soil conditions.
Keywords : This research work was funded by National Boron Research Institute, BOREN-2011/Ç0279
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 65 AGOR087
REMEDIATING THE DEGRADED LAND DUE TO MINING OF PUMICE STONE IN THE NORTHERN PART OF LOMBOK ISLAND BY APPLYING SILICATE ROCK-ORGANIC FERTILIZER
1Priyono*, J., 2C. K. Rahardjo* & 3A. A. Rahmianna**
*Center for Research and Development of Tropical Dryland, University of Mataram Jalan Pendidikan 37 Mataram 831250 NTB, Indonesia. **Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute Jalan Raya Kendalpayak Km 8 Malang 65101- East Java, Indonesia.
Abstract
The research was aimed to identify effects of the application of a remediating agent which was a mixture of ground basaltic-silicate rock powder with manure, termed as silicate rock-organic fertilizer (SROF), on soil quality of the degraded land due to mining of pumice stone in the northern part of Lombok Island. The degraded land was physiographically fixed, manually cultivated, and terraced accordingly to the land sloping. A completely randomized block design was applied with a treatment of 5 application rates of the remediating agent (0 – 10 t.ha-). A week after application of the remediating agent, corn (var. BISI 2) was grown on the land. Soil organism-respiration rate was measured at 45 and 90 days after planting, and several soil chemical properties were identified after crop harvesting. Results indicated that application of the remediating agent (SROF) significantly increased soil organism activity, soil cation exchange capacity, growth and yield of corn. It was concluded that the mixture of basaltic-silicate rock powder and manure may be used as an effective remediating agent to rebuild the physically, chemically as well as biologically degraded land due to mining.
Keywords: ameliorant, silicate rock, degraded land, remediation, pumice stone
66 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR088*
PERFORMANCE OF DUAL FLOW GRASS FILTERS INTEGRATED WITH GROUNDWATER RECHARGE SYSTEM FOR STORMWATER TREATMENT A LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDY
Manoj P. Samuel1*, S. Senthilvel2 and A.C. Mathew3
1Senior Scientist, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani, Meghalaya, India- 793 103, e-mail: [email protected], Phone: 91 9436706579, Fax: 91 364 2570213 2 Professor, department of Soil and Water Conservation, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India- 641 003 3Senior Scientist, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR), Kasaragod, Kerala- 671 124 *Corresponding author
Abstract
A dual flow multimedia stormwater filter integrated with a groundwater recharge systemwas developed and tested for hydraulic efficiency and pollutant removal efficiency. The influent stormwater first flows horizontally through the circular layers of planted grass and bio-fibres. Subsequently the flow direction changes into vertical direction so that water moves through layers of pebbles and sand and finally it gets recharged to the deep aquifers. The media in the sequence of Vegetative medium: Bio- fibre- Pebble: Sand were filled in 9 proportions and tested for the best performing combination. Three grass species, viz., Typha (Typhaangustifolia), Vetiver (Chrysopogonzizanioides) and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrumsecundatum) were tested as the best performing vegetative medium.The adsorption behaviour of Coconut (Cocosnucifera) fibre, which was filled in the middle layer, was found out by a series of column and batch studies and corresponding isotherms were developed. The dual flow filter showed an increasing trend in hydraulic efficiency with increase in flow rate. The chemical removal efficiency of recharge dual flow filter was found very high in case of K+ (81.6 %) and Na (77.55%). The pH normalizing efficiency and EC reduction efficiency were also recorded high. The average removal percentage of Ca2+ was moderate, while that of Mg2+ was very low. Iron concentration was found increasing after filtration.A new terminology, UPI (Universal Performance Index), which represents the weighted average of the hydraulic efficiency and quality improving efficiencies, giving extra weightage to the latter, has been introduced. UPI values of each filter combinations were determined and subjected to the analysis of variance. In case of vegetative media, typha plant performed well followed by vetiver and St. Augustine grass. As far as filter proportions are concerned, the ratio 1:1-1:2 (plant: fibre- pebble: sand) showed much superior performance compared to all other proportions.Based on the estimated annual costs and returns, all the financial viability criteria (IRR, NPV and BCR) were found favourable and affordable to farmers for investment on developed filtration system.
Keywords: Stormwater filter, groundwater recharge, vegetative media, bio-fibre,water quality parameters, hydraulic efficiency, pollutant removal, economic analysis ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 67 AGOR089
OPTIMIZATION OF GELATIN EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FROM COBIA (Rachycentron canadum) SKIN
1M.A Amiza, 2N. Ibrahim, 3N.J. Mohamad & 4W. M. Wan Maizatul Shima
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. *Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This study reported the optimization of gelatin extraction from cobia (Rachycentron canadum) skin. The effect of four independent variables which were acetic acid concentration, skin to water ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time on gelatin yield and gel strength were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The generated models gave a linear fit for gelatin yield and a quadratic fit for gel strength. The optimum conditions for gelatin extraction from cobia skin were 0.15mol/L for acetic acid concentration, 82.4oC of extraction temperature, 6 h of extraction time and 1:6 of skin to water ratio. The predicted responses (20.59% yield and 226.86g gel strength) closely matched the experimental yield of 20.10% and gel strength of 205.6g. RSM could be used to predict cobia gelatin extraction.
Keywords : fish skin, gelatin, cobia, Response Surface Methodology
68 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR091
EARLY INVESTIGATION ON ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI, SALMONELLA SP. AND LISTERIA SP. ISOLATED FROM „SATAR‟ IN MARANG, TERENGGANU
2Lani*, M.N., 1Nurul Atiqah Ramli*, 3Roshita Ibrahim**, 4Rozila Alias*** & 5Zaiton Hassan****
*Department of Food Science, **Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. ***Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia ****Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, 78000 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abstract
‗Satar‘ is a popular ready-to-eat (RTE) food in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. ‗Satar‘ is a blend of succulent boneless fish marinated in spices, wrapped in banana leaves, put into skewers and grilled over a flaming charcoal fire. Until now, there is no study has been addressed on the antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. The present study was carried out to isolate the presence of selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella sp., Listeria sp. and Escherichia coli) in ‗Satar‘ and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibiotics are used widely to treat infectious diseases of both humans and animals caused by pathogenic microorganisms and the resistance of these pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics may reduce the efficiency of antibiotic treatment to kill these microorganisms. Therefore, early investigations on antibiotic susceptibility tests on selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria were studied on their susceptibility to selected antibiotics: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Results showed that all isolates of these target organisms were resistant to ampicillin, but not resistant to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. However, E. coli and Salmonella isolates were resistant to vancomycin. This is the first study indicated the presence of antibiotic resistant of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. Further study will be carried out to determine the susceptibility of other antibiotics in these foodborne pathogenic bacteria isolated from different locality of ‗Satar‘ premises.
Keywords: ‘Satar’, antibiotic susceptibility, Listeria, Salmonella, E. coli ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 69 AGOR092*
THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSTHARVEST FIELD TECHNOLOGY FOR FRESH EXPORTABLE VEGETABLES PRODUCED IN INDONESIA
Nurpilihan Bafdal1; Carmencita Cahyadi; Seok- In- Hong; Dongman Kim; Sumanti Moody and Totok Pujianto
Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology of The Padjadjaran University 1) E-mail: [email protected], Mobile Phone: 0816614823 Fax : (022) 2508112
Abstract
In Indonesia fresh handling of vegetables is stiil carried out by traditional methods, without hardly any sorting or grading prior to marketing. Therefore, post-harvest loss reduction of vegetables, both quantity and quality loss must begin at the farm level. Although quality of fresh produce can not be improved postharvest handling, however it is necessary for extending shelf-life. The development of quantity and quality of production in order to obtain high added value, require the application of post-harvest technology. The objective of this research is to assess of appropriate post- harvest technology of broccoli and cabbage at farm level and to develop of quantity and quality of production in order to obtain high added value. The experiment was carried out at the Food Process Engineering and the Post- Harvest Technology Laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology of the Padjadjaran University at Jatinangor from December 2006 up to January 2007. A descriptive experiment method and regression analyses consisting of 2 variables (dependent and independent) were employed. Results show that: Broccoli: 1). Regression curve for treatment show that after 15 days storage the sensory score of the broccoli sample was still excellent. 2). The ambient temperature weight was highest in treatment without packaging. 3). The low temperature storage is more important in preserving color of curd than packaging; yellowing it self related to ethylene production by broccoli. Cabbage: 1 : The sensory score standard and description of score for cabbage stored at ambient temperature 27oC for 28 days. 2). Weight loss of samples stored at ambient temperature 27oC were higher than those in cold storage 5oC, respectively 10-12% weight loss as compaimred to 3-6%. Difference among packaging treatments were relatively small. Conclusion: 1. Low storage in broccoli is more important than type of packaging. 2). LPDE bag was best for cold storage of broccoli curds. 3). Low temperature storage gave not good for head surface color. 4). LPDE bag was not suitable for cabbage storage.
70 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR093
THE ABILITIES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM TOMATO ROOTS IN SUPPRESSING ROOT KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) IN TOMATO
1Noor Istifadah*, 2Nurholis** and 3Toto Sunarto*
*Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor-Ujung Berung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, 6222 7798652 ([email protected]) **Alumbus of Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that inhabit the internal plant tissues without causing any apparent disease. The endophytic fungi may have beneficial effects on the host through their abilities in suppressing plant diseases. This paper discusses the abilities of endophytic fungi isolated from tomato roots in suppressing root knot disease intensity and population of Meloydogyne spp.. The endophytes were isolated from roots of tomato obtained from several areas in West Java (Jatinangor, Sumedang and Lembang, West Bandung). Concerning that some latent pathogens might be isolated as endophytes, the isolates were examined for their pathogenecity to tomato seedlings. The non pathogenic isolates were examined for their suppressive effects on Meloidogyne spp. in tomato. The resuts showed that from 7 isolates tested, 6 isolates reduced the numbers of galls by 50.1 - 69.2 %. All endophytic fungal isolates suppressed the population of second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne spp. in the soils by 55.3 – 76.9 %. Three isolates which were CL1 (Chaetomium sp.), FL3 (Fusarium sp.) and FL4 (Fusarium sp.) increased the growth of treated tomato.
Keywords: endophytic fungi, tomato, Meloidogyne, root knot disease
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 71 AGOR099
OPTIMIZATION OF FISH GELATIN EXTRACTION FROM STARRY TRIGGERFISH (Abalistes stellaris) SKIN
Amiza Mat Amin & Nur Hidayah Alias
Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.
Abstract
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to establish the optimum condition in gelatin extraction process from starry triggerfish skin. In this study, 30 experiments were performed using a four factor, 3-levels Central Composite Design (CCD). In this study, a combination of both alkali and acid pre-treatment were applied. Gelatin extraction was carried out using hot-water extraction. The effects of four variables which were NaOH concentraction (X1, M) and acetic acid concentration (X2, M) during pre-treatment, and extraction temperature (X3,˚C) and time during (X4, min) extraction with three levels for each were studied in order to obtain the maximum gelatin yield and gel strength. RSM analysis suggested that the maximum gelatin yield and gel strength could be obtained at a 0.1 M NaOH and 0.05 M acetic acid, temperature of 67.82˚C and extraction time of 120 minutes. Gelatin yield could be predicted using quadratic model, while gel strength could be predicted using linear model. The experimental value for gelatin was 8.09 % and 252.73g for gel strength, while the predicted value was 7.48 % and 252.77 g for gelatin yield and gel strength respectively. This study shows that RSM could be used to predict gelatin extraction from starry triggerfish.
Keywords : fish skin, gelatin, Starry Triggerfish, Response Surface Methodology
72 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR100
CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE‟S VALUES WITH THE SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS OF DAIRY FARMER
Lilis Nurlina
Lab Sociology and Extension of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Sumedang
Abstract
The research was conducted in Bandung Regency West Java Propince. The objectives of research were to examine : (1) the implementation of cooperative values on dairy farmer‘s cooperative; (2) the sustainable business of cooperative member; (3) correlation between the implementation of cooperative‘s value with business sustainability of dairy farmer. This research was conducted by survey verification. The sampling method of this research was held by multistage cluster random sampling. The sample size for cooperative were 4 and for respondent were amount 140 persons of dairy farmer and 15 persons of key informan. The data was analyzed by using correlation rank Spearman. Results of research showed that : (1) the implementation of cooperative values was enough category ; (2) the sustainable business of dairy farmer cooperative members was enough category, if it seen from their capacity, equity and sustainability; (3) the implementation of cooperative values has positif correlation with business sustainability of cooperative member (rs = 0.535).
Keywords : Cooperative’s value, sustainable business, dairy farmer
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 73 AGOR104
LIVE WEIGHT CHANGES OF BALI CCATTLE AS DRAFT ANIMAL UNDER THE INTEGRATION OF OIL PALM-CATTLE SYSTEM IN BENGKULU
1Dwatmadji* & 2T. Suteky**
*Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia, **Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia,
Abstract
The importance of Bali cattle rearing under the oil palm plantation has multi-purpose functions. These include as for weeding control, saving labor costs, providing manure compost, cutting down fertilizer cost, calf life saving, and as working animal for transporting Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) of the oil palm. When the Bali cattle was used as working animal, the severity of draft load could severely affect the live weight through decreasing feeding time and rumination. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of work on live weight of Bali cattle under the integration of oil palm-cattle system in Bengkulu. Mature (2.4 years old) Bali cattle (20 cows and 20 bulls) with the body condition score of 7 (range 0-10) were randomly assigned to two groups of working and control group. Working group start working by pulling cart from home to the plantation, pulling cart with FFB from plantation to collection site, and from plantation back to home. Animal graze native pasture under oil palm plantation during working days and housed after work. Parameters measured were body weight, hearth girth, withers height and body length. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance using one way design and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to examine the significant differences between mean values. The result of the research showed that there is no significant effect (P>0.05) of work on live weight and there is no significantly differences of live weight (P>0.05) was found between female and male Bali cattle. Our findings also showed that working cattle had no significant effect (P>0.05) on hearth girth, withers height and body length.
Keywords: Bali cattle, working animal, oil palm, liveweight, integration 74 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR105
PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP AND GOAT WITH ROTATIONAL GRAZING UNDER OIL PALM PLANTATION BASED ON ANIMAL UNIT EQUIVALENT (AUE)
1Tatik Suteky1 & 2Dwatmadji
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia [email protected] Phone 0736 21170 ex 219 Fax 0736 22105
Abstract
The integration between livestock and oil palm plantation would play an important role for national meat self sufficiency and strengthening food security through optimization of decreasing land availability for livestock. It was estimated that more than 50% of oil palm plantation was owned by small farmer which was mostly prefer to keep sheep or goats rather than cattle. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of AUE (Animal Unit Equivalent) on performance of sheep or goats reared on rotational grazing under oil palm plantation. Total of 16 animals (8 sheep and 8 goats) were used in this experiment. Eight sheep were kept for two treatment of 1 AUE and 0.75 AUE, while the other eight goats were also kept for two similar treatments of 1 AUE and 0.75 AUE. Based on initial liveweight of the animals, two size of paddock (1 AUE and 0.75 AUE) were established to accomodate treatment of rotational grazing comprising 4 sub-paddock grazed over 4 week-cycle from 08.00-16.00. The animals were housed at night; all animals were routinely feed with concentrate (1% of body weight) after being pastured under oil palm plantation. Parameters observed were body weight, ADG, body size (hearth girth, withers height and body length), and were all measured weekly for 8 weeks. Result indicated that AUE had significant effect (P<0.05) on average daily gain (ADG) in which ADG of goat was 26 gram day -1 (0.75 AUE) and 2.3 gram day -1 (1 AUE). Similar result was also found in sheep, reaching 39.6 gram day-1 (0.75 AUE) and 26.2 gram day-1 (1 AUE). It was found that there was no significant differences (P>0.05) on body size except height of withers within sheep. This study point out that under oil palm integration the performance of sheep showed better than those of goats.
Key words: sheep goat performance oil-palm rotational grazing
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 75 AGOR106*
THE ROLE OF Azotobacter vinelandii04 TO INCREASE THE HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION ON THE BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS OF PETROLEUM WASTE
!Pujawati Suryatmana *, 2Mieke R. Setiawati*, 3Betty N Fitriatin * 4Qomarudin Helmy **, 5Edwan Kardena **and 6Wisjnuprapto**
*Laboratory of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia . **Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract
In the processing of petroleum waste is needed a long time, the main problem frequently encountered. Petroleum is a complex material and has a low degree of solubility and is highly toxic, therefore is needed a sofisticated technology which can solve the problem. One of the most interesting Rhizobacteria is the species of Azotobacter. This species has generally been used for biofertilizers. But in this research, A bacterial strain of Azotobacter vinelandii-04 has been proved in ability to produce biosurfactant. The biosurfactant produced by Azotobacter vinelandii-04 is a group of fatty acid and exopolysaccha-rides compounds may increase the dispersion and solubility of oil. The study focused on the role of Azotobacter vinelandii-04 to increase the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. It was proved that with addition of Azotobacter vinelandii-04 could enhance the rate of biodegradation efficiency in removing petroleum hydrocarbon. The maximum rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cultured Enterobacter sp.,and Pseudomonas sp to be 0.1812 and 0.2884 day(-) respectively. While the petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency increased respectively by 26.00 % and 21.83 % in the culture with the addition of Azotobacter vinelandii-04. The results of investigation showed that extracellular compounds of A.vinelandii-04 contribute to serve as a biosurfactant was able to increase the solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons to form micell oil, so that the petroleum hydrocarbon can be immediately more available, then it was degraded faster than without A.vinelandii-04. The A.vinelandii04 culture was also able to increase the rate of growth of Enterobacter sp during the biodegradation process takes place
Keywords: Azotobacter vinelandii-04, Biosurfactant, Biodegradation of hydrocarbons, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp.
76 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR107
THE POTENTIAL OF Trichoderma ISOLATED FROM COCOA TO CONTROL BLACK POD DISEASES ON COCOA POD
1Sriwati*, R., 2Marlina*, 3Mufakir**
*Agro technology department, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University **Lab. Plant and disease-Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Abstract
Black pod disease cause by Phytophthora palmivora is one of the important diseases limiting cacao yields in Aceh. Research on biological control of black pod disease has been conducted in Aceh on cacao pods. Research on molecular systematics of Trichoderma isolates from Aceh had been done at Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab, USDA-ARS Beltsville, MD, under the WCF-Aceh Cacao Fellowship program. Molecular characterization of Trichoderma isolates from Aceh identified three species of Trichoderma: T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. longibrachiatum. The potential effect of T. virens on controlling black pod disease compared with T. harzianum have been evaluated on cocoa pod in Aceh. The results of this study indicate that T. virens significantly affect the incubation period and the diameter of the Phytopthora palmivora in cocoa pods. Re isolation of fungi from fruit tissue which had been grown on PDA medium showed that at day 8 was found fungus T. harzianum and P. palmivora, whereas T. virens spend a lot of enzymes and toxins. Althought T. harzianum is able to get into the fruit tissue but T. virens more effective in controlling pathogens than T. harzianum.
Keywords: Trichoderma, Phythopthora palmivora, Black Pod Diseases, Cocoa
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 77 AGOR108
THE CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF LOCAL UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS TO BLAST DISEASE (Pyricularia oryzae) RESISTANCE IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
1Muhammad Taufik*, 2Teguh Wijayanto*, dan 3Abdul Wahab**
*Department of Agroteknologi, Agriculture Faculty of Haluoleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia **BPTP (Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology) Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia Email; [email protected] Hp. 062-0811409799
Abstract
Blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae is an important disease for upland rice. Blast disease causes a significant loss for farmers. One of the control methods is using resistant cultivar. This study aimed to characterise and identify differences in the response of several Southeast Sulawesi upland rice cultivars to blast disease (Pyrricularia oryzae) in Southeast Sulawesi. This research was arranged in a randomized block design, with 6 local rice cultivars (pae Endokadia, pae Kori, pae Balaka, pae Enggalaru, pae Loiyo, pae Wulo), and one national variety Situpatenggang, with 4 (four) replications.The results showed that the highest plant height was pae Bakala cultivar, the highest number of plant per cluster was Situpatenggang variety, the fastest flowering and harvesting time was Situpatenggang variety, the highest average number of grains was found in pae Wulo, the highest number of pithy grains was obtained in pae Enggalaru, and the heaviest of 1000 grain was in pae Endokadia. Enggalaru and Endokadia cultivars had highest production (1.73 ton per hectare and 1.24 ton per hectare), compared to the others. The severity of blast disease on the local rice varieties was catagorized as moderate resistant (5.78% - 11.05%) at vegetative phase and as fairly resistant to moderately susceptible (14.47% - 27.38%) at generative phase. Situpatenggang variety was considered to be moderate susceptible (28.79%) at vegetative phase and susceptible (55.79%) at generative phase.
Keywordss : Blast disease, Pyricularia oryzae, up land rice, resistant
78 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR109
PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF FOOD ALTERNATIVES FOR RICE IN BANDUNG
Yosini Deliana
Padjadjaran University. Email : [email protected] **
Abstract
Now and later, important issue facing agro-food business will be the increasing number of population in geometrically, while food production grows in arithmetically. Moreover, it can bring the world in 2020 into a food crisis. These conditions create demand for alternative food (of rice) which can be organized continuously. Responding them, the government of West Java creates public movement of a day without rice by issuing government decree number 60 year 2010 on the Acceleration of Local Food Resources with directives from presidential decree number 22 year 2009 on Food diversification. The purpose of this study to determine the public perception of alternatives to rice foods, alternative foods which are most appreciated by the public and community expectations in consuming food alternatives to rice. Methods in this study uses primary data, the respondents were civil servants within the provincial government of West Java have lunch without rice in West Java event Expo Cooperative Fair 2011.The results show that alternative food to rice such as cassava rice, corn rice, sorghum and rive from hanjeli seed have no different response with regular rice. The most preferred alternative food to rice is cassava rice since its taste is more familiar and it looks like ordinary rice. People expect on this program to have a good access to alternative food with cheap price.
Keywords: Public perception, Rice, Food alternatives, Presidential decree No.22 /2009
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 79 AGOR112*
SOCIO-ECONOMICINTERFACES OF AFRICAN INDIGENOUS VEGETABLES(AIV) IN A SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY AND THEIMPLICATION FOR FOOD SECURITY IN WESTERN KENYA
1Langat B. K, 1Ngéno V., 2Mugalavai V. 2Linnet S.G, 3Yaninek S.
1.Moi University, Kenya, 2. Chepkoilel University College, Kenya, 3.Purdue University, USA P.O Box 9191, [email protected]
Abstract
African indigenous vegetables (AIV) play a crucial role in food nutrition and general livelihoods for both rural and urban populations in Africa.The vegetable production contributes substantially to household income and general household subsistence. Erratic weather conditions coupled with land pressure continues to inhibit the supply of the vegetables. Increasing awareness of the nutritional and medicinal value of the indigenous vegetables has also triggered unequalleddemand.The socio economic factors influencing AIVs production among smallholder farmers were investigated.Using a systematic random sampling, a total of 240 households were interviewed using a questionnaire. Cross tabulations,Chi-Square and Logistic regressionwere used to show the underlying relationships. The results indicated that AIVs receives less attention compared to other crops in terms of land allocation and general crop husbandry. Sucha (black night shade) was found to be widely grown in the region among all the AIVs. Majority of farmers use non-certified local market seeds. Organic fertilizers were also mainly used as opposed to inorganic fertilizers. Gender, age and level of education were found to have correlation with the AIVs production. Challenges in production includedpests and diseases, access to extension services and market for the vegetables and poor market prices. The principal conclusion was that majority of farmers rely on farming as a source of livelihood and that socio economic factors dramatically interact to influence significantly the decision of farmers in production of the African indigenous vegetables.It is recommended that to encourage increased production and productivity of African indigenous vegetable, farmers should be integrated properly in to the value chain to enable accessto both input and output markets.
Keywords: African Indigenous Vegetables, Socio economic factors, Western Kenya
80 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR113
INDICATORS OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY OF VIDARBHA
Prema Borkar
Anand Niketan College of Agriculture, Warora 442914, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
In this study, an attempt has been made to measure the Sustainability of Agriculture in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state and to identify the factors responsible for sustainability. The sustainability is measured by developing Sustainability Index of Nagpur district with the help of various indicators of sustainability. The study was based on secondary data of area, production, productivity, population, agricultural population, weather, irrigation, area under high yielding varieties were collected from various Government publications of Maharashtra. The data for computation of indicators cost-benefit ratio for selected crops were adopted from the records of Agricultural Prices Cell (APC), Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The data pertain to a period of 26 years i.e. from 1980-81 to 2005-06. The study was limited to the principal crops namely cotton, kharif jowar, soybean, tur, gram and sunflower cultivated in Nagpur district of Vidarbha. The result showed that the sustainability index developed through principal component analysis was seen declining over the years. The Sustainability index ranges from -0.308 to 0.350. Higher number of sustainability index represents higher sustainability whereas, lower number represents lower sustainability. This concludes that the Vidarbha agriculture is tending towards un-sustainability. The study also found that the productivities per hectare of cotton, tur, kharif jowar, sunflower and gram, gap in gross returns in cotton, kharif jowar and gram, cost-benefit ratio of cotton, kharif jowar and gram, parity index of kharif jowar and gram, availability of land per farmer, ratio of irrigated land to irrigable land, per capita production of foodgrains, ratio of agricultural population to total population, area under high yielding varieties and rainfall were the significant contributing variables for agricultural sustainability of the Vidarbha region.
Keywords: Sustainability indicators, Principal Component Analysis, Sustainability Index, Mann Whitney U Test)
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 81 AGOR114*
ZEA SMART: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING FOR SOCIALIZATION P2KP (PERCEPATAN PENGANEKARAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN) MOVEMENT FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
1Suci Latifah* ,2Adhitya Wibawa Putra** and 3Riska Ayu Purnamasari***
*Undergraduate Student of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University **Undergraduate Student of Biochemistry, Bogor Agricultural University ***Undergraduate Student of Biochemistry, Bogor Agricultural University *Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Food is one of basic human need; therefore fulfill the need for food is part of the rights of individuals. Based on the Law No.7/1996 concerning in food, government should provide enough quality and quantity of food for society. Score quality of food consumption period of Indonesia's population 2005 - 2009 is still in fluctuations. This indicated a decline of PPH Scores 81.9 in 2008 to 75.7 in 2009. The analysis of the SUSENAS data in 2009 also showed that food consumption patterns of Indonesian population until the year 2008 there are still in gaps, because of high consumption of grains and low-consumption of tubers, vegetables and fruits, and nuts. Data from the Ministry of Agriculture stated that Indonesian people still in a high level of national rice consumption. It is equal to 139 kg/cap/year; this is certainly very worrying because the productive land in the form of rice was recorded converted 110.000 ha a year. It's important to hold P2KP intensive socialization to all parts, including elementary school children. According to the draft P2KP guidelines which are also has a target to elementary school children. So that, ZEA SMART program can be one good solution for the socialization into the elementary school children. Most of elementary school children easily in the form of the pattern of thought, but should be a fun way for them so they can be more interested. ZEA SMART is a desktop computer programming that can be installed in a P.C or computer. This program teaches the student to understand about food diversification and its application in food and their surround in fun way.
Keywords: Food, P2KP, Elementary school student, diversification
82 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR115
FARMERS ARE SACRIFICING THEIR HEALTH FOR PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES
1Muktamar Z*,2 S. Sudjatmiko*, 3B. Toha* and 4M. Asteria**
*Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia **Medicine Study Program, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia
Abstract
Long term negative effect of pesticides on vegetable farmers‘ health has been studied in Bengkulu. Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of pesticides on the farmers‘ health status in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. The result will be used for developing regulation on pesticides trade and usage by farmers in Bengkulu Province. One hundred of active farmers had been chosen to evaluate their way on handling pesticides in the field, and their health status based on what their feeling, urine and blood test. The results showed that most of the respondents knew how to handle of the pesticides at home. On the other hand, application of pesticides in the field is rarely following the common regulation. The farmers have been hardly exposed to pesticides during application due to negligence to use protective cloths, such as glasses, masker and gloves. In result based on their health feeling more than 50% of the farmers, in combination, felt tired, muscle cramps, dry throat, shortness of breath, headache, dizzy and other problems digestive system. Clinical test has confirmed that health problems such as heart and kidney deterioration were also encountered among the farmers. These facts urge the local government to provide regulation on pesticides trade and application.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 83 AGOR116
EFFECT OF MULCH, CLAY AND ORGANIC MATTER ON SOIL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SANDY SOIL GROWTH WITH PHYSIC NUT (Jatropha curcas L.)
Djajadi
Indonesia Research Institute for Tobacco and Fiber Crops Jl. Raya Karangploso PO Box 199 Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
Sandy soil for media growth of physic nut in Situbondo, East Jawa has low soil fertility. In this field study, the effect of addition of clay and organic matter with or without mulch on soil properties of sandy soil was identified from May up to November 2010. The treatments consisted of (1) Sandy soil (as control), (2) Incorporation of sandy soil with 10% clay and 1,6% organic matter, (3) Sandy soil covered with mulch and incorporated with 10% clay and 1,6% organic matter. Crotalaria juncea were used as a source of organic matter and mulch. The results showed that incorporation of sandy soil with 10% clay and 1,6% organic matter and mulch increased soil chemical properties of sandy soil which were expressed by increasing soil C-organic, N, P and K contents by 46%, 18%, 73% dan 48%, respectively. The treatmet also improved soil biological properties of sandy soil indicated by more population of soil fungi and bacteria growth on the media. As consequence of enhancing sandy soil properties, the growth of physic nut was higher than that of physic nut planted on sandy soil.
Keywords: sandy soil, clay, organic matter, mulch, physic nut, soil properties, Jatropha curcas L.
84 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR118*
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MULCHES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO PLANT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)
Nurul Aini, Abdur Rasyid R., Ellis Nihayati
Faculty of Agriculture, University Brawijaya
Abstract
Intensive cultivation tends to degrade soil quality in variety of ways. Degradation of soil can involve decline in quality of soil structure, loss of fertility, and erosion. As consequence, crops productivity tends to reduce. Organic mulches have been reported as means to reduce input and increase soil quality. The field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of organic mulches of straw, husk, reed, Tithonia diversifolia, and plastic (control) on growth and yield of tomato plant. Research was design using Randomized Block Design with 4 replications. Results showed that application of straw mulch increasing growth (plant hight, leaves area, total plant dry weight) and yield of tomato compare to other mulch traetment, but doesn‘t significance difference with plastic mulch. Yield of tomato was higher 57.89 % with fresh fruit weight 1.8 kg tan-1 by straw mulch treatment than Tithonia diversifolia mulch. This research suggest that straw maight be used to subsitute plastic as mulch.
Keywords: straw, husk, reed, Tithonia diversifolia, and polyethylene mulch, tomato.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 85 AGOR119*
THE EFFECT OF TYPE OF PACKAGING AND STORAGE TIME ON QUALITY OF PATCHOULY OIL
1Sarifah Nurjanah, 2Sudaryanto Zain dan 3Anisa Kamila Amaliah
Abstract
Patchouli oil (Patchouly Oil) is one of the foreign exchange source from the group of essential oils. Patchouli oil obtained by distillation process dry leaves. One of the factors that cause decline in the quality of patchouli oil is in appropriate storage condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of packaging types and storage time on the quality of patchouli oil. The method used in this research was descriptive analysis. Type of packaging used for storage were dark glass bottled, clear glass bottles, dark-colored plastic bottles, clear plastic bottles, and cans. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The parameters measured were levels of Patchouly Alkohol (PA), color changes, specific gravity, acid number, ester number, refractive index, and solubility in 90% alcohol. All treatments during the storage period showed the changes of both in terms of appearance (physical) as well as in terms of chemistry. Research data showed that, the quality of patchouli oil still fulfill the SNI 06-2385-2006 standard. In conclusion, storage treatment using dark glass bottles (A) was the best storage because the patchouli oil showed a fairly stable treatment in maintaining its quality and the packaging using can was not recommended because it caused of corrosion.
86 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR121
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY PART MEASUREMENT, BODY WEIGHT AND FLYING SPEED OF RACING PIGEON (Columba LINIA) AT LOCAL TOURNAMENT OF SPRINT RACING. (Case at Local Tournament of the Sprint Pigeon in the District in of Bandung)
1Sri Bandiati KP, 2Dani Garnida, 3Muhamad Yusuf Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran
Abstract
A research on Relationship between body part measurament, body weight and flying speed of racing sprint pigeon was conducted at the local championship of racing sprint pigeon in defferent locations (Adipura Gede Bage, Batu Jajar, Dago Resort and Lanud Sulaeman. Bandung) . The objective of research was to find out the coeficient of correlation between body part measurement and plying speed, and their the best equation of regression. The methode of research was descriftif and data were collected using cencus. Total 200 heads of racing sprint pigeons were avaolable to observe of body part measurent (wings length, wings stretch, primer feather length of wingth, wings dence, length of tail feather, width of breast circumtance of breast, length of back, length of os. Pubis) body weight and flying speed (meter/sec.). The Result showed that coeficient of correlation between body part measurement and plying speed were low category and their the best equation was multivaariate linear regression. It was concluded that body part measuremant and body weight were not influence for flying speed.
Keywords : Campionship of racing sprint pigeon, flying speed, body part measurement, body weight
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 87 AGOR122
QUALITY DEGRADATION OF MASHED RED CHILLI BASED ON CAPSAICIN DURING PROCESSING
1Dharia Renate*, 2Filli Pratama**, 3Kiki Yuliati** and 4Gatot Priyanto***
*Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jambi Indonesia **Graduate Program University of Sriwijaya, ,Palembang Indonesia Phone (0711) 354222, Fax (0711) 317202, Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze and identify the relation between processing temperature and heating time during processing of mashed red chilli to minimize degradation of capsaicin.Research conducted on March 2011 at Food Processing Laboratory, University of Jambi. Factorial Complete Randomized Design with three replications was used. The treatments were the processing temperature (700C, 800C, 900C) and the heating time (10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes). Parameters analyzed were capsaicin content, pH and particle size. Data were analyzed using anova, Duncan Test and surface response graph.Results showed that processing temperature of 700C and 800C indicated not significant difference in capsaicin content of 0.05%, while processing temperature of 900C caused capsaicin content dropped sharply, its about 0.03%. Result also showed that the longer heating time, the larger capsaicin content lost, however heating time of 20 minutes at 800C caused capasaicin lost lower than processing time of 25 minutes. During processing, pH content and particle size were stable. Research conclude that in order to prevent the quality degradation of mashed red chilli during processing, temperature of 800C for 20 minutes is the best processing temperature and heating time to process mashed red chilli to minimize capsaicin content of 0.072 %, pH of 5.54 and particle size of 0.0028 mm.
Keywordss: mashed red chilli, quality degradation, capsaicin, particle size
88 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR138
EVALUATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL 108 BLACK SOYBEAN PROMOSING LINE IN ORDER TO FOOD NATIONAL SECURITY1
1Dwi Siska*, 2Elia Azizah** & 3Agung Karuniawan*** * Students S1 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung. ** Students S2 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung. *** Lecturer Plant Breeding Unpad. Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Yielding varieties of black soybean in Indonesia is more limited than yellow soybeans. As a result, some local varieties of black soybeans are still having diversity in the potential outcome. For that we need to do research on the evaluation of the potential of black soybean strains local selection results in order to meet food needs. Field experiments conducted at the experimental farm of agriculture faculty of Padjadjaran University during August to November 2009. The design of experiments that used the randomized block design in two replications with 108 promosing lines treatment expectancy of black soybean varieties and two national varieties as a comparison of Cikuray and Detam 2. The result showed that 108 promosing lines of black soybean tested there are 2 promosing line is better fenotipe than the comparison varieties, that is CK8 and CK12. While promosing lines which have better yield potential than comparison is CK10. This promosing line is hoped will be a new variety with better yield potential than existing varieties.
Keywords : black soybean promosing lines, evaluation of potential outcomes, local varieties
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 89 AGOR139
UTILIZATION REVIEW IN IMPROVING QUALITY YARD INCOME HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY
1Sri Herliana., 2Yogi
Lecturer, Institut Teknologi Bandung-Jatinangor, Sumedang 45 363, Indonesia
Abstract
Food security is generally interpreted as a guarantee that every resident (anyone) in a country (anywhere, anytime) adequate food and nutritional needs as a key condition to achieving the health and welfare (Soekirman, 1996). The existence of dry land in the countryside in the form of cultivated land, gardens, fields and yards and empirically demonstrate the distribution of dry land tenure and ownership more evenly so. Utilization of the yard as a planting medium, aquaculture and breeding can increase the availability of food sources and increase household income sources, is expected to malnutrition and low income are a problem in the countryside will be overcome.The study authors in collaboration with the National Food Security in West Java (2009) for implementation of the utilization of the yard in West Java, on the basis of agricultural areas, coastal and urban industry and shows that in West Java, both in urban and in rural areas have the potential to be developed with the use of yard area plant different crops or enterprises that have economic value. It is based on the results of the study all four areas in West Java with the use of the yard then the perceived benefits for households to improve household consumption and household income. Study results to-4 region in West Java, in the courtyard in urban land use and rural differences in the choice of plants and orientation of the crop. For urban areas, generally been carried out the choice of plants or businesses that are more economical or profitable and the orientation of the crop more commercially oriented or for sale. As for rural areas, the choice of plants or businesses in utilizing the yard, tend to be limited, although the thinking is economically good choice of plants or business and the orientation of the crop has begun to grow in areas other than rural food insecurity. Food insecurity in the village of interest in utilizing their yards is still minimal.
Keywords : Resilience, food, yard, Nutrition
90 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR144
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR ACCURATION OF STAND BASAL AREA INVENTARISATION IN BAHAU RIVER FOREST AT BULUNGAN REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Ismail
Program Studies of Forest Management-Faculty of Agriculture 17th August 1945 University of Samarinda, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda 75124: Mp. 08125322086
Abstract
Forest as one of the natural resources is most usefull to human activity, and has important role in adding the income state. The good management system of natural forest has to be commended by a ripe planning that has a most important activity i.e data collecting or inventarisation of forest owned. The abyective of the research was application of statistical procedurs in estimating the forest stand volume, especially related to the shape and wide of the plots.. There are three kinds of plot shapes e.i: Line plot, Circle plot, and Rectilinear plot. The research was done in plots that were placed with Simple Random Sampling in the finite population area of 100 hectares.The result of experiment was, the best plot or the most precise and accurate to estimate the value of µ was Rectilinear plot of 0.4 Ha. According to the ANOVA there was very significant effect of interaction between shape (A factor) and wide (B factor). According to t-test, the small plots could not be used to estimated µ, especially plot of 0.2 Ha.
Keywords: Inventarisation, plot shape
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 91 AGOR145*
RAIN-HARVESTING AGRICULTURE TO BOOST LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMY FOR 34 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE BIGGEST LOESS PLATEAU
1You-Cai Xiong, 2Zheng Zheng MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Rain-harvesting agriculture has been extensively expanded in north- west China particularly in the rain-fed agricultural areas of Loess Plateau since the end of 1980s. Currently, it is bringing about a revolutionary change to local social and economic and ecological developments, especially supplying enough food and clothing to afford 34.2 million people. This paper presents the developmental processes in traditional livelihood and current economy as a product of RHA impulse over last decades. The RHA plays a positive role to balance social-economical growth and natural ecosystem sustainability. Local GDP increased by 129%, average grain output per hectare increased by 63.1% while field soil erosion decreased by 32%, average soil moisture increased by 12.6% from 1989 to 2009. Importantly, the use efficiency of natural rainfall was improved from 4.5% to 25.8% and soil organic carbon from 0.23‰ to 0.31‰ simultaneously. The RHA is also found to change residents‘ lifestyle and livelihood pattern to meet the challenge of global climate change. We therefore propose an integrated model/concept of rain-harvesting ecological agriculture (RHEA), which incorporates the RHA theory into the coupled human & natural system (CHANS). The solution, evolution and popularization of RHEA in N-W China provide a novel understanding on the development and initiatives of dryland agriculture in semiarid rain-fed agricultural areas in the next 100 years.
Keywords: Rain-harvesting agriculture, food security, field productivity, sustainability.
92 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR146*
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HORTICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH Inder Jeet Singh* and Navneet Kaur** ([email protected]) Abstract
Apple is produced mainly in four States of India, namely, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Arunachal Pradesh. In India the plantation of apples started with the introduction of apples by the Christian Missionaries and the British Officers in the begning of 19th century. The credit of cultivation of commercial apples goes to Samuel Evans Stokes a resident of Philadelphia, who brought the delicious varieties of apple from United States of America in the beginning of 20th century (1918). He selected Kotgarh area in Himachal Pradesh for plantation of the delicious cultivars and raised his own nursery and propagated plantation in the area. In later years these were spread over apple growing areas in the country.Himachal Pradesh occupies the dominant place among States in terms of area under apple cultivation, while second in terms of production. Apple is the dominant fruit grown in Himachal Pradesh. The state has a comparative advantage in the cultivation of apple and other temperate fruits. Kullu Valley which has been undertaken for the present study has experienced increase in temperature due to which apple producing areas of Kullu are shifting towards higher reaches of the mountains. Kullu in Himachal Pradesh was once known for best quality apple in the country but now apple have become uneconomical, nonviable, less profitable and even unproductive in such a short period. The present study examines the impact of climate change in recent years on horticultural activities specifically on apple orchards in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh based on climate information and farmers perceptions. The study is based on primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data regarding apple area and production has been collected from department of horticulture, Shimla. Two villages Bajaura and Nushala in Kullu valley have been selected for field work. Bajaura is situated in the extreme South of the valley and Nushala in the extreme North. These two villages are experiencing the impact of climate change in Negative and positive way respectively. Bajaura which is situated in the South of valley is experiencing decrease in apple area and farmers of this village replacing their apple orchards with vegetable crops while Village Nushala which is located in the extreme North of the valley is experiencing increase in apple area and production. Local perception of the climate variables to apple production were noticed from 15 farmers from each village to know farmers perceptions regarding climate change and its impact on apple cultivation. Perceptions were made on basis of gathering data of two periods (1990 and 2010 years) of snowfall, temperature and rainfall. In Kullu valley area under apple has shown increasing trend since 1990-91. During 1990-91 area under apple was 14342 hectares which increased to 21824 hectares in 2006-07 but the productivity of apple has gone down very fast. It was about 5 tones/ hectares during 1990-91 which reduced to 2 tones/ hectares in 2006-07. During the analysis of climate data for previous 20 years It is observed that temperature has showed increasing trends whereas precipitation showed decreasing trends in the study area.
Key Words: Apple, Climate Change, Farmers Perception, Snowfall, Rainfall, Productivity.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 93 AGOR147*
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION DETERMINATION AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF „DONKWA‟ PRODUCED FROM THE BLEND OF TIGERNUTS AND GROUNDNUT.
Adejuyitan, J.A*, Otunola, E.T, Olanipekun, B.F and Babatunde, B.F
Department of Food Science and Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Tigernut (cyperus esculentus) is an underutilized crop with great potentials for food formulation. This study however is an attempt to comparatively evaluate the proximate composition and sensory properties of ‗Donkwa‘(Maize-Groundnut ball) made from the blend of Maize and Groundnut and the blend of Tigernut and Groundnut.Roasted groundnut 25% was cleaned manually by removing foreign bodies and damaged grains and peeling of the groundnut shells. The cleaned groundnut and tiger nut was subsequently milled in a cleaned milling machine. The grounded ginger and pepper was added and clove with a little quantity of sugar to taste. It was also pounded to mix in the added sugar and mould to a desired shaped and sizes. It was deduced that the protein content of the sample increased with an increasing proportion of groundnut ranging from 15.86%-23.67%. Also, the fat content was increased with an increase in groundnut content of the sample. The fiber composition decreases i.e. as the tiger nut proportion decrease the fiber also decreased. The ash increased from 2.94%+ 0.10- 3.48%+ 0.57. Also the moisture content increased with decrease in proportion of tigernut raging from 4.33%+ 0.001- 5.24%+ 0.001. Sample D has the highest mean value for overall acceptability and control sample. The analysis of variance revealed small amount of significant difference in the samples in terms of colour, flavour, taste and texture at 50% level. However, sample D was rated highest in taste, colour, flavour and texture. In terms of taste sample D was the most preferred which could be due to effect of taste of tigernut. The changes in these samples are due to the addition of tiger nut to groundnut at different ratios which shows the percentage of the samples in ascending other of their acceptability.
94 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR148*
POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH STRENGTHENING REGIONAL AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY (A CASE STUDY IN WEST JAVA, CENTRAL JAVA, EAST JAVA, SOUTH SULAWESI AND NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR)
Dhani Agung Darmawan
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to determine the linkages between food security and rural poverty, to explore the factors that affect household welfare of farmers and to suggest some recommendations in reducing poverty through strengthening food security. Using primary and secondary data of poor farmers by panel data and scoring method, the result showed that food security from production side had a positive significant effect in reducing poverty. Similarly, production factors such as land area, fertilizer, capital, skill and price of food also had a positive effect in reducing poverty except in NTT. The reason is due to social culture factor. Furthermore, this study recommends that the government of Indonesia could strengthen food security through changing its paradigm in food security, redesign and revitalization agriculture, increased local/rural community empowerment, updating data base of agriculture, and agricultural development which oriented to farmers empowerment and optimization of local resources.
Keywords: food security, poverty reduction, agriculture, rural and household farmers
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 95 AGOR149
FEASIBILITY TEST OF THE BIOPORI ABSORPTION HOLE TO IMPROVE WATER INFILTRATION INTO THE SOIL.
Bambang Aris Sistanto Lecturer and the head of Water Resources Laboratory. Agriculture Technical Industrial Management Agricultural Industrial Technology Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran
Abstract
The objective of the research of the Biopori Absorption Hole is to know the feasibility of the hole, which is use difference of microbes as an activator in the process of decomposition of organic material, in an effort to improve water infiltration rate into the soil. The research was conducted on experimental field of Industrial Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, at ± 753 m altitude above sea level. Research carried out for 45 days starting in October-November 2010. The methodology of the research uses experimental design of randomized block design, which consists of 5 treatments with 6 replicates. The results of this study indicate that arrangement different organisms in each treatment into ―Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB)‖ gives a significant value to the rate of infiltration in the LRB. The hole biopori with the addition of organisms earthworm treatment gives the best results with the infiltration rate of 0.038 liters / sec but that the recommendation of the organism an effective and feasible in making biopori, is dried microbes (bio-active Semanggi) because according to the statistical test does not give different results significant with earthworms. Constant infiltration rate (fc) on the surface that is equal to 0.3 cm/min shows that only a slight change soil physical properties on the soil surface.
Keywords : Infiltration, Hole Absorption of Biopori, Organism
96 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR151
CHITIN OLIGOMER PRODUCTION WITH UNIQUE CHITINASE BACILLUS SP STRAIN SW71 ENZYME FROM DAMS WATER SHRIMP
1Sri Wahyuni* & 2M. T. Suhartono**
*Chemistry Education, Haluoleo University, Kendari **Research Center for Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University
Abstract
A chitinase-producing bacterium, Bacillus sp strain SW71 was isolated from Pinrang shrimp dams water, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The bacteria was grown in the liquid medium supplemented with colloidal chitin (0.5%) as a carbon source for 46 hrs. at 37oC to produce chitinase. The optimal temperature and pH for the chitinase activity were 60-70oC and 7-8, respectively. The chitinase was very stable at 60-70oC up to 4 hrs. The enzyme of 0.0085 IU/mg chitin on 1 and 0,5 % colloidal chitin substrate were used to produce chitin oligomers through incubation at one until twelve hours. The reaction products were analyzed and fractionated using HPLC. Free cell supernatant and purified enzyme were shown tetramer and pentamer composition after incubation during twelve hours.
Key Word : Chitinase, chitine oligomer, olisaccharide
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 97 AGOR154
ISOLATION BACTERIA AND CHARACTERIZATION CELLULOSE ENZYME FROM MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) GASTROINTESTINAL AS POTENTIAL AGENT TO DEGRADE CELLULOSE
1Ardhiani.K.Hidayanti*, 2Annisa N.L*, 3Repsi Erdiana*, 4Winda A.P***, 5An. Ridhowati**, 6Fikri, B.M.** , 7Miranti D.S**, 8Abrory A.C***, 9Trijoko** & 10Yekti A. Purwestri***
*Lab. Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281, Indonesia, **Lab. Animal Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281, Indonesia, ***Lab. Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281, Indonesia.
Abstract
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is kind of herbivore fish that consume phytoplankton. There are so many floral normal bacteria that help milkfish in digestion process. Cellulolytic bacteria that produce enzyme from the milkfish digestive track have potential to be used by human. Cellulose enzyme can be used for composting agriculture waste, biorefining for producing eco health paper, increasing digestibility of forage and biofuel production. The purpose of this study was to isolate cellulolytic bacterial and characterize the cellulose enzyme from bacteria that isolated from milkfish gastrointestinal. Milkfish acclimatized then dissected aseptically. One gram samples of stomach and intestine that have been mashed, suspended into 9 ml of physiological saline solution then inoculated on Carboxil Methil Cellulose (CMC). Calculation and testing of cellulose activity by Miller Method , enzyme characterization and testing the enzyme in degrading organic waste. The result showed that eight cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from Milkfish digestive tract. Two isolates cellulolytic bacteria that have the largest cellulolytic index and the biggest sugar reduction were BSA B1 and BSA E2. Both of isolates had an optimum enzyme activity at pH 9 and temperature 50 ° C. BSA B1 had Avicell specific substrate, meanwhile BSA E2 had specific substare on CMC. The potential of the two isolates in degrading organic waste in the form of straw and banana peels were good. Activities of BSA B1 and BSA E2 enzyme on substrate straw waste were 0.084 units / ml, and 0.052 units / ml. As for activity of BSA B1 and BSA E2 enzyme on a banana peel substrates were 0.35 units / ml, and 0.03 units / ml.
Key Words : Milkfish, Cellulolytic bacteria, Cellulose enzyme characterization
98 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR155
EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATION OF 1- METHYLCYCLOPROPENE FOR IMPROVING POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF PELARGONIUM FLOWER
Syariful Mubarok
Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University
Abstract
Pelargonium is the most flowering plants that have a variation of flower color. It is also popular as bedding plants and hanging basket plant. Reduction of postharvest quality, flower senescence flower and bud drop, are affected by several factors such as ethylene. 1-MCP is a chemical compound that has a function as ethylene inhibitor. Commonly, 1-MCP is a volatile compound. Therefore its application is limits in enclosed area. New formulation of 1-MCP, sprayable formulation, was founded, that can be used in opened area and in the field. This study was conducted to find out the optimum concentration of sprayable 1-MCP to improving postharvest quality of pelargonium flower. Pelargonium zonale hybrids ‗Katinka‘ was used in this investigation. This study was conducted in Randomized Block Design with two replications. Six concentrations of sprayable 1-MCP (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 µL L-1) one concentration of 0.2 µL L-1 of volatile 1- MCP and one control (without 1-MCP) were used in this experiment. The result showed that sprayable 1-MCP at 5 µL L-1 was effective in reducing ethylene reducing ethylene-induced petal abscission and extending floret longevity of flower.
Key words: Ethylene; Flower; Senescence; 1-MCP.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 99 AGOR156*
POTENTIAL LOSS OF GENETIC RESOURCES HONEY SWEETPOTATO FROM CILEMBU VILLAGE, SUMEDANG INDONESIA
1 * 2 ** 3 *** 4 Agung Karuniawan , Budi Waluyo , Sekar Laras Rahmannisa , and Haris Maulana****
*Lecture Staff at Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Breeding Laboratory, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected] **Graduate Student Agricultural Science/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected] ***Undergraduate Student Agro complex/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. ****Research Assistant in Plant Breeding Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung,
Abstract
Cilembu sweetpotato‘s is honey sweet potato, is one of the commodities in Sumedang, West Java that has high economical value. Nirkum and Eno is a variety that is known as honey sweetpotato from Cilembu. Varieties Nirkum and Eno endangered. This is due to farmers switching to plant other varieties of sweet potatoes that are similar to Nirkum and Eno. Replacement planting of sweet potato varieties in this Cilembu due to lower yields potential Nirkum of only 2 tons / ha, harvests age of 8 months, and disease attack black rot root. The first phase of research conducted by survey method in the Village area Cilembu in January-February 2011. The goal is to find out the status of sweet potato cultivation varieties Nirkum, Eno, and other varieties in the Cilembu, and took a sample of varieties / accessions. The second phase of research carried out by the experimental method using randomized block design. The treatment consisted of 59 accessions (26 Nirkum and 33 other varieties) the results of exploration and collection, repeated two times. Research conducted at the Field Unit of Development and Empowerment of Biological Resources, Padjadjaran University. The purpose of this study was to identify morphological similarities sweetpotato grown in Cilembu the results showed in Cilembu there are 21 varieties of sweetpotatoes planted and cultivated as a collection. Only a small proportion of farmers who planted Nirkum and Eno as crop cultivation, the rest of the collection in the yard or garden. The results of the analysis shows there is diversity in the range of sweetpotatoes accession collection and exploration. Cluster analysis showed that replacing the varieties Nirkum and Eno have a morphological similarities sweetpotato tuberous roots. The similarity is threatening the preservation of varieties Nirkum and Eno
Key words: Cilembu sweetpotato’s, Nirkum and Eno, plant genetic resources endangered, ex situ
100 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR157
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA AND BOKASHI ON GROWTH AND YELD OF CILEMBU SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb.)
1Djasmara, S., 2A. W. Irwan , 3 A. Wahyudin , 4Nuryani
Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia. Email: [email protected], jl. Guntursari I/ 21 Bandung 40264 Indonesia
Abstract
An experiment studying the residual effects of Vesicular Arbuscular Myccorrhiza (VAM) on growth and and yield of Cilembu sweet potato Eno cultivar was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Site of Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University at Jatinangor from November 2003 to April 2004. The altitude of the location is 754 meters above sea level. Randomnized Block Design was used with factorial pattern of two factors and three replications. The first factor was residual of VAM (m), which were consisted of four levels, m0 = 0 g/plant, m1 = 5 g/plant, m2 = 10 g/plant and m3 = 15 g/plant. The second factor was residual of chicken dung Bokashi (b), which were consisted of three levels, b1 = 0 ton/ha, b2 = 5 ton/ha and b3 = 10 ton/ha. The result of the trial showed that in the young stages of sweet potato, Bokashi is more influential than VAM. There were interaction effects between higher dosages of VAM residue with higher dosages of chicken dung Bokashi residue on the tuber weight per plant. VAM residue at 10 g/ plant and Bokashi residue at 10 ton/ha produced highest yield of sweet potato and was significant as compared to control (no applications).
Keywords: Mycorrhiza Vesicular Arbuscular (VAM), Bokashi, Cilembu Sweet Potato, Inceptisol Soil.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 101 AGOR158
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA AND BOKASHI ON GROWTH AND YELD OF CILEMBU SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb.)
1Djasmara, S., 2A. W. Irwan , 3 A. Wahyudin, 4Nuryani
Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia. Email: [email protected], jl. Guntursari I/ 21 Bandung 40264 Indonesia
Abstract
An experiment studying the residual effects of Vesicular Arbuscular Myccorrhiza (VAM) on growth and and yield of Cilembu sweet potato Eno cultivar was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Site of Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University at Jatinangor from November 2003 to April 2004. The altitude of the location is 754 meters above sea level. Randomnized Block Design was used with factorial pattern of two factors and three replications. The first factor was residual of VAM (m), which were consisted of four levels, m0 = 0 g/plant, m1 = 5 g/plant, m2 = 10 g/plant and m3 = 15 g/plant. The second factor was residual of chicken dung Bokashi (b), which were consisted of three levels, b1 = 0 ton/ha, b2 = 5 ton/ha and b3 = 10 ton/ha. The result of the trial showed that in the young stages of sweet potato, Bokashi is more influential than VAM. There were interaction effects between higher dosages of VAM residue with higher dosages of chicken dung Bokashi residue on the tuber weight per plant. VAM residue at 10 g/ plant and Bokashi residue at 10 ton/ha produced highest yield of sweet potato and was significant as compared to control (no applications).
Key words: Mycorrhiza Vesicular Arbuscular (VAM), Bokashi, Cilembu Sweet Potato, Inceptisol Soil.
102 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR160
EFFECT OF CDCL2 AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON CD, N AND S CONTENT OF RAMIE (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich)
1Hindersah, R., 2A. Nurbaity & 3R. Sudirja
Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Jatinangor Km. 21 Bandung 40600 Indonesia
Abstract
Continues phosphate fertilizer as well as organic matter amendment for enhancing plant production could increase Cd content in soil and induce more Cd uptake by roots. Since in plant vacuole Cd are bound as Cd-phytochelatin-S, the objective of this green house experiment was to asses the influence of urea in several Cd level on Cd, N and S content as well as shoot dry weight of 60-day old ramie (Boehmeria nivea Goud) grown in Inceptisols. Experiment was set up in Split Plot Design by used of two treatments and three replication. The main plot was Cd level (0, 10 and 15 mg kg-1) and subplot was urea level (0, 5.0 and 7.5 g pot-1). The result was Increasing Cd content in soil could enhance Cd content in ramie shoot which did not depend on urea level. However either Cd or urea did not change S content in ramie shoot. Urea up to 7,5 g per pot increased shoot dry weight but -1 addition up to 15 mg kg CdCl2.H2O did not change shoot dry weight. This experiment demonstrated that ramie was able to grow in relatively high level Cd soil, and higher Cd uptake by ramie shoot did not followed by increasing N and S uptake.
Keywords: Cadmium, Urea, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Ramie.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 103 AGOR161
THE POTENTIALS AND PITFALLS OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AREA IN INDONESIA
1Ricky Avenzora* and 2Tutut Sunarminto**
*Senior Lector on Ecotourism Planning **Lector on Conservation Area Management
Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism The Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia. Emai: [email protected]
Abstract
Any expert on ecotourism will always objectively say that Indonesia has more than abundant resources for ecotourism, not only in number and variety but also in distribution and demand. However, after more than 20 years the ecotourism paradigm has been adopted in Indonesia –as well as more than 30 years nature conservation area also was developed in Indonesia – unfortunately the development processes are not yet giving a significant result. A good understanding on the characteristics of resources and demand is a keywords to grab the potentials, meanwhile being honest to the dynamic of management is demanded to solve the pitfalls. Knowing well about ecotourism- resources characteristics is very important for finding and promoting the uniqueness of ecotourism objects and activities. Having detail in demand characteristics is very useful to mobilize and distribute the number of visit and the number of visitor as well. Further, frankly assessment in man-power is needed to bridge the obstacles.
Keywords: Ecotourism, Nature Conservation Area, Indonesia.
104 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGOR163*
INDONESIAN RAINFALL PATTERNS: A DRAMATIC SHIFT
Muhammad Yusuf Awaluddin
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract
Indonesia‘s climate is influenced by various Earth-system processes including the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian-Ocean Dipole, monsoon variability and the Julian-Madden Oscillation8. Previous analyses of rainfall data from 1951-1997 indicated a tight coupling between Indonesian rainfall anomalies during the dry season, peaking in August. Nevertheless, rainfall anomalies tended not to persist from the dry season into the wet season and rainfall in the heart of the wet season tended to be spatially incoherent and inherently unpredictable9,10. Whether this pattern extended into recent years, being subject to accelerated global warming, is unknown. Based on rainfall data covering the period 1900-2008, here we show that the Indonesian rainfall variability has dramatically changed from the early 1970s onwards. Instead of being seasonally confined, ENSO events have switched into a mode in which they also control Indonesian rainfall anomalies outside the dry season. This prolongation of ENSO influences and extended El-Niño episodes from the early 1990s onwards explains the observed decline in annual-mean rainfall by ~20% in the entire Indonesian region and why this decline occurred spatially coherent and during all seasons of the year. Given the widespread impacts of ENSO events, we anticipate these findings to be a clue in the understanding of climate-change impacts on changes in climate variability in the Indo-Pacific region. For instance, the sudden onset and persistence of intensified ENSO influences over the last 40 years, revealed here via an analysis of Indonesian rainfall anomalies, could point to a dramatic and shift in ENSO-related climate variability associated with changes in the Walker circulation influencing most areas across the tropical Pacific Ocean.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 105
106 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia ORAL SESSIONS
AGPT001
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF FOOD CONTACT SURFACES AT SELECTED „SATAR‟ PREMISES IN KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
Lani1, M. N., Mohd Ferdaus Mohd Azmi1, Roshita Ibrahim2, Rozila Alias3 & Zaiton Hassan4
1Department of Food Science, 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, 78000 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abstract
‗Satar‘ is a blend of succulent boneless fish marinated in spices, wrapped in banana leaves and grilled over flaming charcoal. It is a very popular ready- to-eat food sold in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The vehicle and routes of ‗Satar‘ contamination could come from raw materials and food contact surfaces during preparation and handling of ‗Satar‘. However, this study only focused on the possibility of contaminations which came from food contact surfaces. This study was carried out to determine the aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Pseudomonas count and the presence of Salmonella sp. in swab samples from ten selected food contact surfaces in two popular ‗Satar‘ premises in Kuala Terengganu. Results showed that all food contact surfaces used in the Premise A which were cutting board, knife, table of preparation, mixer, food handler‘s hand, container, spoon, banana leaves, skewer and surface of griller were highly contaminated with indicator microorganisms (aerobic mesophilic organisms, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas) compare to food contact surfaces of premise B. These findings highlight the possibility of microbial contamination in ‗Satar‘ that could come from contaminated food contact surfaces. Further study should be carried out in improving the hygienic status of ‗Satar‘ premises and local RTE foods.
Keywords: Microbiological qualities, ‘Satar’, Food contact surfaces, indicator organisms, RTE foods
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 109 AGPT004
SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GELATIN FROM BONE, SKIN AND HEAD OF GENETICALLY IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Nizaha Juhaida, M. & Muhammad Afandi, M.E.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract
In recent years, world‘s tilapia production shows a very rapid growth with the main species is Oreochromis niloticus. As the demand for tilapia continues to grow worldwide, its production is expected to grow up to 3.3 million metric tons by year 2011. This impressive increase will contribute to the accumulation of waste especially from the filleting processing. The objective of this study was to extract gelatin from bone, skin and head of tilapia with further analyses were carried out to study the physical characteristics of the extracted gelatin. The yield, gel strength, viscosity and gelling temperature of gelatin were of physical properties that being evaluated. Skins, heads and bones of tilapia were firstly undergone a pretreatment in HCl solution before subjected to 4 h extraction at 60oC. After drying a small portion of the extracted gelatins at 105oC (4 h), the yield of gelatins were 23.46, 16.10 and 17.25% for skins, bones and head, respectively. Even though gelatin yield from head was significantly lower (p<0.05) to that of skin, its gel strength and viscosity were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to skin and bone. Gelling temperature of gelatin from head also significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of bone and skin which were 15.8, 12.7 and 11.6oC, respectively.
Keywords: fish gelatin, GIFT tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
110 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT005*
G×E INTERACTION OF FOUR SUPERIOR GENOTYPE RED PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES CROSSING OF WHITE CHILLI PEPPER (Capsicum frustescens L.) WITH RED PEPPER
Roselano Sandy Yustisi Gunawan1), Neni Rostini2) and Nono Carsono2)
Abstract
Genotype × environment interaction is important in the development of red pepper variety. The objective of experiment was to get information of genotype × environment interaction in the rain season at Jatinangor, Yogyakarta, and Pasuruan. The experiment was conducted in December 2009 until April 2010 at Jatinangor, February 2010 until July 2010 at Yogyakarta, June 2010 until November 2010 at Pasuruan. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RDB) with nine genotypes of red pepper as treatments in three replication. The treatments were four varieties candidate, i.e. RS 07, RM 08A/KRTRM B, KRT SHATOL, and RM 08A/KRTRM A and five released variety, i.e. Tanjung 1, Tanjung 2, Tit Super, Laris and Lembang 1. The result showed that there were genotype × environment interaction on dichotomy height character and fruit diameter of red pepper character. The character length of fruit, weight of fruit, weight of fruit per plant, weight of fruit per plots of RS 07, RM 08A/KRTRM B, genotype KRT SHATOL, and RM 08A/KRTRM A were superior than its controls in three or one of location.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 111 AGPT006
INFLUENCE OF PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF INDIGENOUS FLOURS FROM BREADFRUIT (Artocarpus communis) ON PROPERTIES BREAKFAST FLAKES
Luna1, P, H. Herawati2 & S. Widowati2
1Graduate Student Food Science, IPB 2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research Development (ICAPRD) Jl. Tentara Pelajar no 12A Bogor 16114 (0251) 86321762 Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Flakes as breakfast cereal that spread in the market were made from cereal such as wheat, rice and corn. Food diversification on Flakes lately made from indigenous foods such as sorghum, banana flour, and sweet potato flour, the aim was to reduce wheat imports. Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) was an indigenous food that has not been used optimally. Breadfruit was a commodity source of carbohydrate non-cereals (various tubers and fruits, including breadfruit), making it suitable for high-energy raw material for Flakes. Breadfruit was processed into flours to improve food security and transform from inferior to superior image. In this study Flakes made from composite breadfruit and mung bean flour. Then as material substitution for breadfruit flour was cassava starch, corn starch and rice flour in various formulation. The objective was to achieve best formulations breadfruit flakes with crunchy texture and taste that can be accepted by consumers as high-energy ready to eat breakfast. Flakes formulations have a significant effect on the chemical composition of the product (p<0,05). The average value of water content on breadfruit Flakes was 2.28 ± 1.14% (db), an average ash content 2.47 ±0.27% (db), the average protein content was 8.04 ± 0.81% (db), the average fat content 22. 05 ± 0.49% (db), and the average carbohydrate content was 65.15 ± 1.56% (db). Energy of breadfruit flakes was 490 kkal/100 gram. Flakes color tends to yellow for overall product.
Keywords: Flakes, Breadfruit, Breadfruit flour, Flakes properties 112 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT007*
SIMPLE OBSERVATION ON GOATS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF Terminalia catappa LEAVES AS NATURAL DEWORMING AGENT
Azrul, L. M. 1,2, Rawaidah, A. 2, Muhammad, E. 3& Effendy, A. W. M. 2,3
1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, 2Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 3Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract
Parasitic worms‘ infection is one of the major death causes in the livestock industry. Anthelmintic drugs are normally used to curb this problem. Unfortunately, due to the rapid development of anthelmintic resistance in many species of worms, the use of anthelmintic drugs becomes less effective. This phenomenon has urged scientist worldwide to explore new potential plants as an alternative non-drugs anthelmintic. Thus, the objective of this study is to observe the effects of T. catappa leaves administration as natural deworming agent in goats. Eighteen Katjang breed goats were used in this trial where they are equally divided into three groups. Fecal egg count (FEC) was done at the beginning and the number of gastrointestinal parasites eggs‘ was recorded. Group 1 and Group 2 were administered with mature and immature T. catappa leaves respectively, while Group 3 acts as a control group. Leaves were fed to the treated goats‘ everyday. Fecal egg count was done every two days for four weeks. As a results, there were significant reduction (P<0.05) for the number of gastrointestinal parasites eggs‘ for both treatment groups as compared to the control. There was also no significant different (P>0.05) between groups fed mature and immature T. catappa leaves. Based on the daily clinical observation to the goats, there were negative results on the lethality, physiological changes and rejection towards the plants. All these observations showed that T. catappa leaves can be use as natural deworming agent.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 113 AGPT008*
SUSTAINABLE LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A MINIMUN FOREST AREA NEED ANALYSIS Tuti Herawati
Centre for Conservation and rehabilitation Research and Development, Forestry Research and Development Agency- Ministry of Forestry Jalan Gunung Batu No.5 Bogor, phone 0251- Fax 0251 8638111 email address : [email protected]
Abstract
Land is managed for multiple benefits such as agricultural production, supporting human life and biodiversity conservation. To ensure long- term sustainability, it is required a balance land utilization for various purposes. This paper was intended to present a study on theoretical framework of minimum forest area need analysis, as well as a case study in megapolitan area of Jakarta and its surroundings suburbs. Review of some theoretical framework was done to find out criteria for forest determination area. Then, it was conducted a review of existing condition in Jakarta and its suburbs specifically to find out the total area of forest and green area in this region. Population growth and development activities in this area are running very fast so have been getting rid of the areas that should be preserved as forest. Forestry Act no.41/1999 stipulates that the forest area that must be present is at least 30 % of the total area of unit watershed. The case study in Jakarta showed that the forest and green area is no more than 5%. As a unity of landscape Jakarta and its suburbs are very dependent on two Conservation Forest Area located in Bogor and Sukabumi i.e. Gunung Gede Pangrango and Halimun Salak National Park. However Bogor district itself still in a lack condition of protection forest area need that is to say deficit to fulfilled target 15% of total area of Bogor, thereby greatly understandable when Jakarta often experience flooding. Considering that Jakarta and its suburbs as the most populated area in Indonesia need much concern of development of urban forest and other green areas.
Key words: forest, watershed, land recourse, sustainability management, populated
114 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT009
TECHNO-ECONOMY CHATERISTICS OF RAMBUTAN JUICES
Setyadjit1, Arnida Mustafa2, & Ermi Sukasih1
1 Indonesian Centre for Agriculture Postharvest Research and Development JL. Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Cimanggu Agricultural Research Campus, Bogor 16114, Indonesia Tlp/Fax : 62 251 8321762 Email : [email protected] 2 Department of Industrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
Abstract
Indonesia is one of biggest producers countries of rambutan and Lebak Bulus is among varieties which are cultivated by the farmers. Even-though the supply of the product is very large compared to the demand during the season, so far there is still very limited effort to process rambutan. There are two methods of juice production have been developed i.e. simple juice preserved by addition preservatives (cloudy juice), and membrane technique to produce non-preservative product (clear juice). Product with preservatives should be released at IDR 3500 whilst without preservatives IDR 8300. Juice with preservatives has NPV of IDR 196,735,524; IRR 28.21%; Net B/C 1.96; PBP 2.3 year; BEP 131,732 unit. Clear juice has NPV IDR 206,841,294; IRR 49.15%; Net B/C 2.73; PBP 1.54 year; BEP 51,804 unit. Thus, the projects on both techniques are profitable.
Keywords : Postharvest, Rambutan, Juice, membrane, IRR, B/C ratio
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 115 AGPT010
PASTEURIZATION TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS AND PACKAGING OF RAMBUTAN IN SYRUP DURING STORAGE
Sunarmani & Setyadjit
Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Postharvest Research & Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar no. 12, Cimanggu, Bogor, West Java.
Abstract
Rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L) is a product of horticulture who has hair as his trademark and is highly perishable once harvested last hold a few days and is also seasonal. Therefore, in order to extend the season it is required storage processing technology. Research rambutan in syrup has been carried out 2009 but it is still very limited shelf life only 1-2 month, hence the title of repairs pasteurization and packaging technologies. Pasteurization is done by steaming and divakum, as well as plastic packaging using PP with a thickness of 0.08 cm and are wrapped in alufo and there are not wrapped with alufo and storage by the method of acceleration. The results showed that fruit rambutan in syrup pasteurized by steaming more durable or more resistant in storage compared with divakum and packaging wrapped with alufo.
Keywords: rambutan fruit, syrup, Pasteurization, Packaging, Storage.
116 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT011*
PREDICTING THE EATING LIFE OF RAMBUTAN JUICE BY ACCELERATION METHOD
Ermi Sukasih & Setyadjit
Indonesian Centre for Agriculture Postharvest Research and Development Cimanggu Agriculture Campus, JL. Tentara Pelajar no. 12, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Juice is one of processed products from Rambutan. Type and package used is very important factors affecting the quality and shelf life. Shelf life is very important to know in order controlling the distribution and marketing of a product. The aim of the study was to know the predicted storage life of rambutan juices by applying of various pasteurization techniques and packaging. Acceleration method used was storage at 3 different temperatures i.e. low temperature (10 oC), ambient temperature (29 oC), and Air Conditioned (20 oC). Critical parameter observed was change in colour by Arrhenius equation and slope decrease. He treatments were with/without homogenization; with/without aluminum foil cover. The research results showed that homogenization treatment did not increase the shelf life whilst aluminum foil covered did increase the shelf life. Based on critical parameters i.e. colour, rambutan juice without homogenization but packaged in aluminum foil cover has predicted shelf life the longest such as 3.3 year at 7 oC whilst at ambient temperature was 1.07 year.
Key words: rambutan, shelf life, juice
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 117 AGPT012
EFFECTS OF GRILING, CHILLING AND REGRILLING OF „SATAR‟ ON THE SURVIVAL OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
Lani1, M. N., Suriani Mohd Shahidi1, Roshita Ibrahim2, Rozila Alias3 & Zaiton Hassan
1Department of Food Science, 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM), 78000 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abstract
Satar is a popular ready-to-eat food which is grilled before being served. However, left over Satar is frequently subjected to chilling and regrilling where the microbiological qualities due to these multiple treatments have never been studied. Initially, Listeria monocytogenes was cultivated by using incubater shaker for 20 hours which corresponded to stationary phase of this organism and diluted to provide two level inoculums of L. monocytogenes strain L112 (103 CFU/ml and 106 CFU/ml), and then inoculated in Satar and subjected to grilling treatment to determine D-value of L. monocytogenes at specified grilling temperatures. There was significant different (p<0.05) in the interaction between time of grilling and inoculum levels to L. monocytogenes survivors. It was found that 9 minutes grilling with 76°C internal temperature was sufficiently eliminated both inoculated inoculums (103 CFU/ml and 106 CFU/ml) of L. monocytogenes. Survival of L. monocytogenes strain L112 was also studied after this organism was inoculated in Satar then subjected to different grilling times (3, 6 and 9 minutes), followed by chilling treatment for 18 hours and then, regrilling for 3-minutes. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among all the treatments to the survival of L. monocytogenes. Six minutes of grilling could only reduce L. monocytogenes to undetectable number due to heat injured cells. L. monocytogenes still can survive when insufficient heat was used to grill Satar. Heat injured L. monocytogenes was able to recover and multiply during chilling. Regrilling with up to only 56°C internal temperature was insufficient to destroy this pathogen. Further study should be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of grilling, chilling and regrilling of other ready-to-eat foods in order to ensure the safety of the foods to be consumed.
Keywords: Satar, Listeria monocytogenes, D-value, grilling-chilling-regrilling, heat-injured
118 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT013
THE USE OF POMSC AMELIORANT FOR GREEN ROSELLE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION
Zurafni Mat Daud, Roshita Ibrahim, Abdullah Md. Zain & Adzemi Mat Arshad
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, MALAYSIA Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
BRIS (Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales) soil is considered as one of the problem soils found in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia due to its low fertility, high leaching rate and high surface temperature. Thus, it is not very suitable or non-productive for commercial planting of crops because it could not support the normal water needs for plant growth and will eventually affect the yield and quality of the produce. POMSC (Palm Oil Mill Sludge Cake) had been used as soil ameliorant for fruit plants because of its benefits as soil structure improvement and aeration, thus increasing nutrient and water holding capacities, increasing microbial activities and improving soil fertility. In this study, green roselle plants, Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKMR-3 were cultivated onto BRIS soil with four different POMSC enrichments in order to examine their effects on both plant growth and production. The enrichment comprised of an untreated BRIS which served as control and mixtures of POMSC in four different amount; BRIS + 10 t/ha POMSC, BRIS + 20 t/ha POMSC, BRIS + 30 t/ha POMSC, and BRIS + 40 t/ha POMSC. BRIS treated with POMSC showed better growth performance in growth parameters such as plant height, canopy, number of leaves, stem girth, number of buds, flowers and calyces yields compared to non-treated BRIS. Among all the treatments, BRIS + 20 t/ha POMSC showed the best performance in plant growth and yields. This study suggests that POMSC can be used effectively as potential soil ameliorant for commercial green roselle planting involving BRIS soils.
Keywords: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKMR-3), POMSC, BRIS
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 119 AGPT014
POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF THREE ROSELLE VARIETIES (Ukmr-1, Ukmr-2, Ukmr-3) CULTIVATED ON TERENGGANU BRIS SOIL
Roshita Ibrahim & Khalil Munawar Makhdum Munawar
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, MALAYSIA Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a species of Hibiscus commonly used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion. It is an annual or perennial herb or woody-based subshrub, growing to 2–2.5 m (7–8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems. The flowers are 8–10 cm (3–4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the base of each petal, and have a stout fleshy calyx at the base, 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) wide, enlarging to 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in), fleshy and bright red as the fruit matures. In this world, there are various types of roselle that have been cultivated. Each of the roselle has its own characteristics due to the genotype of the plant itself. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics including proximate analyses of three new roselle varieties (UKMR-1 (light red), UKMR-2 (darker red) and UKMR-3 (green)) cultivated on BRIS soil. The physical characteristics studied were the weight of seed, calyx alone and whole calyx, the size of calyx in term of longitudinal and latitudinal length, colour of the calyx (L*, a* and b*), and the firmness of the calyx. Meanwhile, the chemical compositions studied were total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content, anthocyanin content and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Furthermore, the proximate values quantified were the percentage of moisture, ash, fiber, protein, fat and carbohydrate content. Among all the three roselle varieties, UKMR-2 showed the largest calyces with the highest amount of anthocyanin content and a* value which indicates that UKMR-2 has more red colour. In addition, UKMR-3 showed lower a* value and higher chlorophyll content which indicates that UKMR-3 has pigment that show green colour. UKMR-2 also showed the highest percentage in moisture, fiber and fat compared to the other two roselle varieties.
Keywords: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), UKMR-1, UKMR-2, UKMR-3, physico- chemical characteristics
120 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT015
EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF BASIL (OCIMUM SANCTUM) EXTRACT TO CONTROL OF MANGO FRUIT FLY IN THE ORCHARD SYSTEM
Wahyu Handayati, Luki Rosmaharani, Yuniastuti & Donald Sihombing
East Java Assesment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Raya Karangploso Km 4 PO Box 188 Malang 65101 Indonesia e-mail : [email protected]
Abstract
Fruit fly is one of the important pests on mango and caused high losses yield. The farmer usually controls this pest with insecticide. However, this method unsuccessful, hence the pests are living and attacking inside of the fruits. Application of Ocimum sanctum extract as a male attractant through males‘ annihilation technique is an alternative method to control this pest. The research aimed to study of efficacy of Ocimum sanctum extract to control mango fruit fly in orchard system. Randomized block design was used with five replications. The treatments were the dosage levels of Ocimum sanctum extract i.e. 1,5 ml, 2,5 ml, 3,75 ml; and Petrogenol 1 ml as control that soaked on cotton roll and replaced inside mineral water bottle. The result showed that Ocimum sanctum extract was significantly attractive to fruit fly and most effective than petrogenol. Ocimum sanctum extract in 2,5 ml dosage level was adequate attractive to fruit fly (26,08 fruit fly/week).
Keywords : manggo, orchard system, fruit fly, control, Ocimum sanctum, extract, atractant
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 121 AGPT016
CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS OF WILD RELATIVE OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K) G. Don.) ORIGINATED FROM CITATAH-WEST JAVA
Tia Setiawati1 , Karyono1, Titin Supriatun1 & Agung Karuniawan2
Biology Dept., Faculty of Mathemathics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang 45363, Indonesia Plant Breeding Program,Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
Wild relative of sweet potato I. trifida originated from district Citatah in West Java is considered as potentially useful in breeding program to complement the special traits of cultivated-sweet potato. The success of plant breeding programs to be supported cytology information such as characterization of chromosome. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of chromosome morphology (number, shape, size of chromosomes) and chromosome formula and karyotype of three accessions of wild relatives of sweet potato (I. trifida) from Citatah - West Java. The research carried out by making chromosome preparations from root tips using the squash method. The results showed that the three accessions of wild relatives of sweet potato (accession no. 15, 40, and 149) have the same number of chromosomes is 2n = 30. The total length of the chromosome of three accessions i.e. accession no. 15, 40, and 149 ranged from 1.64 ± 0.29 - 2.34 μm ± 0.18; 1.83 ± 0.20 - 3.1 ± 0.17 μm; and 1.53 ± 0.05 - 2.03± 0.03 μm with karyotype formula are 14 m + 1 sm; 11 m + 4 sm; and 13 m + 2 sm, respectively. Karyotype of accession no. 15 has the smallest intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1) value i.e. 0.23, so has the highest proportion of metacentric chromosomes. Karyotype of accession no. 149 has the smallest interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2) value i.e. 0.09, shows the smallest deviations (dispersion) of the chromosome size. The research result is expected to open up research opportunities that lead to the utilization of wild relatives of sweet potato as potential genetic source in supporting the sweet potato breeding programs.
Key Words : karyotype, wild relatives of sweet potato, I. trifida, chromosome
122 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT017
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND NPK FERILIZER ON NPK AND NICKEL (Ni) UPTAKE AND YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE ON ULTISOLS MOROWALI
Siti Mariam 1), Syafruddin 2) & Aisyah D. Suyono 3)
1). Lecture of Soil Sience and Land Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Univbersitas Padjadjaran. 2). Research staff of Assement Agriculture Technology, Central Sulawesi. 3). Professor of Soil Sience and Land Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation systems and NPK fertilization on N, P, K, Ni uptake and yield of lowland rice. This experiment was carried out at farmers field on lowland of aciditic Ultisols in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. The experiment consisted of three main factor level of flooded system, i.e.: stagnant at 5 cm water depth as long as growth (t1); intermittent irrigation with flooded for five days and two days without irrigated (t2); and third level at saturated or submerged condition as long as growth (t3). NPK fertilizers as secondary factor consisted of four level, i.e.: 250 kg ha-1 Urea + 75 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 100 kg ha-1 KCl -1 -1 -1 (p1); 187.5 kg ha Urea + 50 kg ha SP-36 + 75 kg ha KCl (p2); 125 -1 -1 -1 -1 kg ha Urea + 37.5 kg ha SP 36 + 50 kg ha KCl (p3); 62.5 kg ha -1 -1 Urea + 25 kg ha SP-36 + 25 kg ha KCl (p4), were arranged in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results showed that the irrigation system and NPK fertilization could increase N, P, K uptake, growth and yield of rice, and could decrease Ni solubility and its uptake on aciditic soils of lowland in the Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi.
Keywords: Irrigation, uptake of N,P,K and nickel, acid soil and wetland rice ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 123 AGPT018
THE TRADE LIBERALIZATION EFFECT ON THE SMALLHOLDER DAIRY CATTLE IN JAVA
Hasni Arief
Laboratory of Livestock Ekonomic Fakulty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung-Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of trade liberalization policies on the dairy cattle smallholder in the Java. The existence of this trade liberalization policy will certainly affect the production and price of fresh milk and fresh milk demand by the IPS. Therefore, before analyzing the effect caused by the policy, the factors influence production and prices of fresh milk and fresh milk demand by the IPS be analyzed. The analysis of them done by corection models (ECM), and analysis of the effect of trade liberalization policies by simulation models. The effect caused by the policy will certainly affect the distribution of welfare, which for this was analyzed by using the calculation of producer and consumer surplus. This study used secondary data, 1988—2007 period, whichever period were 2 (two) groups, namely : 1) the period from 1988—1997, the condition of protection policies (the import ratio and import tariff of raw material of milk 5%) applied; and 2) the period from 1998—2007, the condition of trade liberalization policies (removal ratio and reduction of import tariff of raw material of milk 0%) applied. The results of ECM showed that the amount of lactating dairy cattle significantly affected the production of fresh milk in both the short and long term.The same is the demand equation model of fresh milk by the IPS. The results showed that the price of fresh milk, total solid (the quality of milk), and exchange rates significantly affected the demand of fresh milk by IPS in both the short and long term; whereas the analysis on the equation models of IPS export of processed milk showed that import of processed milk significantly affected on the export of IPS processed milk, although significant in the short term. For the equation model of fresh milk price showed that the price of import raw material of milk unsignificantly affect the price of fresh milk. Furthermore, the analysis of simulation models showed that trade liberalization po;icies have a negative impact on the production of fresh milk but a positive impact on the price of fresh milk, the demand of fresh milk by IPS, and IPS export of processed milk. The price of fresh milk, the demand of fresh milk by IPS, and IPS export of processed milk will be increased respectively: 702.48%; 334.42%; and 119.56%. The results of distribution of welfare from the stakeholders (farmer of dairy cattle and IPS) domestic dairy at the conditions of trade liberalization policies be applied better than the conditions of protection policies.
Keywords: trade liberalization policies, tariff barrier, non tariff barriers, producer surplus and consumers surplus. 124 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT019*
DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL IN SITU DUE TO USED OF COMMERCIAL DECOMPOSER AND IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
Soni Isnaini1, Ainin Niswati2, dan Maryati1
1. Departement Agroecotechnologi STIPER Dharma Wacana Jl. Kenanga No. 3 Mulyojati 16C Kota Metro 34125; 08127965792; [email protected]; 2. Departement Soil Agricultural Faculty UNILA Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Gedung Meneng Bandar Lampung 35147
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain the best of combination commercial decomposer (CD) and irrigation management (IM) to support the decomposition of organic material in situ (OMIS), and content of total-N and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research carried out by using the method single factor in the design of complete randomized block design with 4 treatments, i.e.: CD Beka + IM intermittent, CD Beka + IM aerobe, CD ABG-Degra + IM intermittent, and CD ABG-Degra + IM aerobe with 6 replication. Field trials on rice field in Kedaloman village, Gunung Alip sub- district, district Tanggamus since April – July 2010. The results showed that dry weight OMIS at 56 day after application (DAA) was decreased 66,58% than 21 DAA, organic-N OMIS application CD Beka + IM aerobe at 21 DAA was higher 14,86% than IM intermittent, and lignin-N ratio at 56 DAA IM aerobe was higher 17,12% than IM intermittent was used CD Beka. N-uptake by rice due to IM intermittent was higher 11,26% and lower 12,87% than IM aerobe on both CD Beka and CD ABG Degra, respectively.
Key words: Decomposer; Irrigation management; Organic matter
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 125 AGPT020
CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE‟S VALUES WITH THE SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS OF DAIRY FARMER
Lilis Nurlina
Lab Sociology and Extension of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Sumedang
Abstract
The research was conducted in Bandung Regency West Java Propince. The objectives of research were to examine : (1) the implementation of cooperative values on dairy farmer‘s cooperative; (2) the sustainable business of cooperative member; (3) correlation between the implementation of cooperative‘s value with business sustainability of dairy farmer. This research was conducted by survey verification. The sampling method of this research was held by multistage cluster random sampling. The sample size for cooperative were 4 and for respondent were amount 140 persons of dairy farmer and 15 persons of key informan. The data was analyzed by using correlation rank Spearman. Results of research showed that : (1) the implementation of cooperative values was enough category ; (2) the sustainable business of dairy farmer cooperative members was enough category, if it seen from their capacity, equity and sustainability; (3) the implementation of cooperative values has positif correlation with business sustainability of cooperative member (rs = 0.535).
Keyword : Cooperative’s value, sustainable business, dairy farmer
126 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT021
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ADAPTIVE CAPABILITY FARMERS OF CATTLE IN CIKATOMAS SUBDISTRIC TASIKMALAYA DISTRICT
Unang Yunasaf, Sugeng Winaryanto & Adjat Sudradjat
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University Email: unang.yunasaf @ yahoo.com; [email protected]
Abstract
The research aims to study: (1) The condition of social capital and adaptive capacity of beef cattle farmers in Cikatomas sub district Tasikmalaya district, (2) Make recommendations on the success of programs encouraging the development of beef cattle, particularly in terms of social capital and adaptive capacity of farmers in Tasikmalaya district . The study was designed as a research survey, with respondents as many as 30 farmers from 5 groups of farmers. The results showed: (1) Social capital owned by respondents in large part, that is equal to 66.67 percent is high; the remaining 33.33 percent is quite. The indicators of social capital are high are: group dynamics and network, trust and solidarity, collective action and cooperation, and social cohesion and inclusion; (2) the adaptive ability of most farmers, as many as 70.00 percent is high. The remaining 30.00 percent is quite. The farmers of beef cattle are generally open to the changes initiated by either agent reformer, as well as from local opinion leaders; and (3) Recommendations in encouraging the development of the beef cattle in Tasikmalaya district are: farmers to continue to be fostered within the group, agents reformer, which consists of the extension worker and inseminator can work well, over the support of formal and informal local leaders, and running training programs that integrate resource development activities providing farmers with inputs and the presence of strong organizational support.
Keywords: social capital of farmers, farmers' adaptive capacity, the business of beef cattle ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 127 AGPT022
ACIDITY AND TOTAL BACTERIA OF DAIRY WASTEWATER SOLID AND CASSAVA WASTE FLOUR MIXTURE FERMENTED BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AS BROILER FEED
Eulis Tanti Marlina, Roostita L Balia & Yuli Astuti Hidayati
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 Sumedang 45363 Tlp. (022) 7798241 Fax. (022) 7798212
Abstract
This research aim to know the effect of Dairy Waste Water Solid- Cassaca Waste Mixed fermented by Aspergillus niger on pH and Total Plate Count. This experimental research was arranged based on Completly Randomized Design, with 4 treatment of inoculant doses : 0%, 0,4%, 0,5% and 0,6% and each of them was replicated 6 times, with fermentation time 3 days. The data was statistically analized by using Analize of Variance, then the different of treatment analized by Duncan Multiple Range. The result of research showed that, 1) Fermentation by Aspergillus niger highly significant (P<0,01) decrease pH and Total Bacteria, 2) Inoculant doses 0,6% lowest decrease of pH and total bacteria with pH 3,8 and decreasing of total bacteria 84,4%. At low pH condition spoilage and patogen bacteria stunted.
Keywords : Dairy Wastewater Solid, Cassave Waste Flour, A. niger, pH, Total bacteria
128 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT023
ASSESSMANT OF DIVERSITY OF YAM (Dioscorea spp) AND COCOYAM (Xanthosoma spp and Colocasia spp) GERMPLASMS IN MOLUCCAS
Alfons, J.B., A. Rieuwpassa, & A. A. Rivaie
Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), Moluccas Jl. Chr. Soplanit Rumah Tiga, Poka, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
Abstract
In Moluccas, yams (Dioscorea spp) and cocoyams (Xanthosoma spp and Colocasia spp) have been utilized by the people as main staple food sources by generations. These tuber crops have great potency to support food security in the islands. However, to date only a little documented information is available on yam and cocoyam germplasms originated from the regions. A field study was carried out to collect and identify a number of yam and cocoyam germplasms in the districs of Western Southeast Moluccas, Southeast Moluccas, and Central Moluccas from September up to October 2008. The present study recorded that in the Western Southeast Moluccas, there were 11 accessions of yam and 4 accessions of cocoyam. Meanwhile, in the Southeast Mollucas there were 6 accessions of yam. In the Central Moluccas, there were 17 accessions of yam and 6 accessions of cocoyam. All accessions found during the study were characterized. The initial characterization showed that both yam and cocoyam accessions have a great enough diversity in color, shape and size of the tubers. Afterwards, the germplasms were kept in the Makariki Experimental Station, Central Moluccas for further characterization, selection and evaluation.
Keywords: exploration, documentation, germplasm, yams, cocoyams
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 129 AGPT024*
THE ABILITY OF PANDANUS HANDICRAPT INDUSTRY IN TASIKMALAYA TO DEVELOP HIS BUSINESS SCALE
Eti Suminartika
Email: [email protected]; Agricultural Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Jl Raya Jatinangor Km 21 Ujungberung BANDUNG 40 600-INDONESIA HP: 0858 6161 1005, 0821 1900 7050
Abstract
Pandanus handicraft industry is commonly small scale industry, the industry is the source of job and income for many people, the industry is less develop than high scale industry, one of the problem of small scale industry is limited of capital. The general objective of this study is to investigate the role of industry capital. Further there are three specific objectives. First, this study is to estimate the ability of the industry to generate capital formation. Second, it is carried out to analyze the effect of industry working capital to industry‘s output. Lastly, it is done to analyze the ability of the industry to develop his business scale. In this study, the ability of the industry to generate capital formation and the ability of the industry to develop his business scale, estimated by mathematic analysis. Production model of industry is used to estimate the effect of industry working capital to industry‘s output. The results of this study show that the industry has an ability to generate capital formation. Industry working capital has low effect to industry‘s output. Lastly, the industry has low ability to develop his business scale
130 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT025
COULD GEOJUTE EFFECTIVE TO CONTROL EROSION AND RUN OFF ON AREAS WITH VARIOUS LAND SLOPE?
Nurpilihan Bafdal
Agriculture Industrial Technolog Faculty - Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java Indonesia
Abstract
Geojute is woven from a heavy, 100 percents jute yarn with a coarse, open mesh structure, and is the ideal erosion control material for land slope. Advantage of geojute are as follows: (1) jute is a natural fiber that breaks down in one to two year and is not alien to the (natural) environment; (ii) decomposed of jute provides a nontoxic product which adds rich organic nutrients to the soil; (iii) the coarse yarn of jute matting prevents excessive water flow washing a way soil and seed from the land slopes and (iv) geojute is flexible enough to follow soil surface. Application of geojute on soils is another alternative engineering for reducing soil erosion during the early stages of crop growth especially those crops which need a longer time for full canopy cover to develop. Combination of geojute with cover crops such as grasses and legumes will have a significant impact in reducing the effect of raindrops on soil structure and therefore increase infiltration capacity, reduce run off velocity and absorbs water. The purpose of the experiment was to study on the effect of geojute with cover crop grasses and legumes to control erosion and run off on various sloping land. A field experiment was done at the Agricultural Experiment and Development Station in Arjasari West Java, Indonesia. The experimental design employed was Split Plot Design with two factors respectively: combination of geojute with cover crops and degree of land slopes. Research results show that erosion and run off significantly increased with increase of slope gradient except when the soil was covered by geojute combined with grass in significant soil loss occurred. Soil covered with geojute combined with grass gave the least run off and was significantly different as compared with other treatments.
Keywords: geojute, soil cover, erosion, run off.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 131 AGPT026
EFFECT OF THE BOTANICAL PROTECTANT POWDER ON Callosobruchus maculatus ATTACK IN MAINTAINING THE VIABILITY AND VIGOUR OF MUNGBEAN SEED AFTER THREE MONTHS STORAGE.
Anne Nuraini*, M. Kadapi* and Nuraini**
Faculty of Agriculture The University of Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor Bandung e-mail : [email protected]
* Lecturers of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD ** Alumni of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to find out the effect of botanical protectant on Callosobruchus maculatus attack in maintaining the viability and vigour of mungbean seed after three months storage. This Experiment was carried out from February until May 2006 at Seed Technology Laboratory of The Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java. Experiment design used was Randomized Completely Design (RCD) with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were : without botanical protectant, pepper powder 5 %, pepper powder 10 %, ginger powder 5 %, ginger powder 10 %, cayenne powder 5 %, and cayenne powder 10 %. The result of experiment showed that the usage of botanical protectant powder gave a significant effect on all parameters after one month until three months storage, except for weight of 100 seeds and germination that were not affected significantly after one month of storage. The botanical protectant of pepper powder 5 % was the best and effective treatment for solving the Callosobruchus maculatus attack in maintaining the viability and vigour of mungbean seed after three months storage.
Key words : botanical protectant, Callosobruchus maculatus. viability, vigour, mungbean seed
132 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT027
INFLUENCE OF FLOODING LEVELS ON CHANGES IN C, N CONTENTS AND WEIGHT OF RICE STRAW IN PADDY SOIL
Soni Isnaini1 & A. Arivin Rivaie2
1Agro-ecotechnology STIPER Dharma Wacana Metro Jl. Kenanga 3, Mulyojati 16 C, Metro, e-mail: [email protected] 2Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), Mollucas Jl. Chr. Soplanit Rumah Tiga, Poka, Ambon, Maluku Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
To date in Indonesia, only a few studies have been done on the effect of flooding on the litter decomposition in paddy soils. A glasshouse study was carried out to investigate the effects of different flooding levels (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 cm) on the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and weight of rice straw incorporated in a paddy soil. A bulk sample of soil was collected from paddy field at soil depth of 010 cm, in Metro, Lampung in June, 2008. The results showed that C content of the rice straw at the beginning of the trial was 33 – 40%. These values decreased 2 weeks after flooding, and then the values tended to return to the initial values 8 weeks after flooding for all flooding levels. Meanwhile, the N content at the beginning of the trial was 0.56-0.60%. The N content values for all flooding levels increased with increasing time of observation (1.34-1.48%). The C-to-N ratios at the beginning of the trial significantly decreased 8 weeks after flooding for all flooding levels. Furthermore, flooding level of 2.5 cm gave the lowest weight of rice straw 8 weeks after flooding, whereas flooding level of 10.0 cm gave the highest weight of rice straw, suggesting that the lesser the flooding level, the faster the litter decomposition rate. This confirms other findings that at the depth of 1-2 cm below water surface of a paddy field are an aerobic zone, where the litter decomposed most rapidly.
Keywords: flooding levels, decomposition, rice straw
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 133 AGPT028
THE USE OF SUBSOIL ADDED WITH COMPOST AND ARBUSCULAR MYCHORRIZAL FUNGI AS PLANT MEDIUM ON GROWTH OF PALM OIL SEEDLING.
Cucu Suherman*, Anne Nuraini*, & Lenatalia Waty**
Faculty of Agriculture The University of Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor Bandung e-mail : [email protected]
* Lecturers of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD ** Alumni of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to obtain the best combination of dosage arbuscular mychorrizal fungi (AMF) and the mixture of subsoil and compost as plant medium on growth of palm oil seedling (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivar Sungai Pancur 2 (SP 2) in pre-nursery. The experiment was conducted at The Experiment station, Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The altitude was 753. 96 m above sea level, the type of soil was Inceptisol with pH of 5.7. According to Schmidt and Ferguson (1951) the type of rainfall is type C. The experiment began from July until November 2007. Randomized Block Design (RDB) was used in this experiment, and it consisted of eight treatments with four replications. The treatments were as follow: topsoil, subsoil, subsoil + empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost of palm (1:1), subsoil + compost (1:1), subsoil + EFB compost of palm (1:1) + AMF 10 g, subsoil + compost (1:1) + AMF 10 g, subsoil + EFB compost of palm (1:1) + AMF 15 g, subsoil + compost (1:1) + AMF 15 g. The result of the experiment showed that the dosage of arbuscular mychorrizal fungi (AMF) 10 g and subsoil and the EFB compost (1:1) mixture gave good effect on height of seedling, leaf area, number of leaves, volume of root, length of root, root infection of AMF percentage, and seedling total dry weight
Key words : AMF, subsoil, empty fruit bunch compost of palm oil , UNPAD compost, Palm Oil.
134 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT029
NUTRITIONAL CONTENTS OF GECKO‟S FLESH (Gekko spp)
Prastiwi1, A., D. Yudhabuntara2, W. S. Nugroho2& D.A. Widiasih2
1Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no. 2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia e-mail address : [email protected]
Abstract
Recently, gecko‘s flesh used as a raw material in alternative medicine. Consumer believes that a gecko‘s flesh had higher efficacy in treatment. The composition of gecko‘s flesh has never been published. The aim of this study was to identify the nutritional content of gecko‘s flesh, which includes the content of carbohydrates, protein, fat, crude fiber, water and ash. One hundred geckos without differentiated sex were slaughtered and skinned. Gecko‘s flesh samples were obtained by flesh separation technique from the bone and then were put into plastic and analyzed. Analysis of nutrient content of gecko‘s flesh was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Proximate analysis for nutrient contents of gecko‘s flesh samples were conducted by applying micro-Kjeldahl method (protein), Soxhlet (fat), by difference (carbohydrates), acid-base (crude fiber), thermogravimetri (water), and muffle furnace (ash). Gecko‘s flesh nutritional content showed that the carbohydrate (3.21±2.10%) and protein (21,42±2,20%) were higher than general meat (cow, buffalo, goat, chicken, and duck) but gecko‘s fat content was 1.28± 0.28% lower than general meat. Crude fiber (0,45±0,13%) and Ash (1,46±1,37%) in gecko flesh were similar with other meats.
Keywords : gecko’s flesh, content, nutrition, proximaet.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 135 AGPT030
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DENDROBIUM SPECTABILE ORCHID PROTOCORM TO VARIOUS COMBINATION ALTERNATIVE MEDIA IN VITRO
Wieny H.Rizky, E. Hamidin & Nuraini
Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty of Padjadjaran University Jalan Raya Jatinangor Km.21 Bandung 40600 E- mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The use of alternative materials in culture media on Dendrobium spectabile orchid in vitro propagation was applied to deal with the high operational cost in that propagation. The aim of this research was to obtain the composition of in vitro alternative media that give the best effect to the growth of Dendrobium spectabile orchid protocorm. The experiment was carried out at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Seed Technology, Faculty Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. Dendrobium spectabile orchid protocorms were used as culture material in this experiment. The experimental design that was used was fully randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consist of various combinations between hyponex foliar fertilizer media and organic materials, which are yeast extract and sweet potato. The result of the experiment showed that hyponex foliar fertilizer media with concentration 1g.L-1 which was combined with yeast extract at concentration 1 g.L-1 and 1.25 g.L-1, on variables of number of leaves, plantlet height, numbers of roots, root length, and plantlet fresh weight gave the better effect than other treatments of media.
Keywords: Protocorm, Dendrobium spectabile, hyponex, yeast extract, sweet potato
136 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT031
THE INFLUENCE OF HULLING EFFICIENCIES OF DECORTICATED GRAINS OF THE GENOTYPE 1.1 SORGHUM AND CONDITIONING TIME BY STEEPING WATER ON YIELD AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM FLOUR
Carmencita Tjahjadi*, Tjutju S Achyar* & M.Sanusi Gani**
* Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
Abstract
Sorghum is one of the minor cereals that have the potential to reduce Indonesia's dependence on imported wheat flour. Flour is a milling product that has a particle size of more than 80 meshes. In milling cereals, yield and characteristics of flour are affected by cultivar, hulling efficiency and conditioning of decorticated grain sorghum before the milling process. Genotype 1.1 sorghum was used because it is a white sorghum, possesing a low tannin content. The purpose of this research was to find the proper hulling efficiency and conditioning period (by steeping in water) of decorticated grain of the genotype 1.1 sorghum to produce the best yield and characteristics of flour exceeding 80 mesh. The method used was experimental descriptive method, consisting of hulling efficiency and conditioning time (steeping in water) with 4 treatments and 2 repetitions. The results showed that the flour above 80 mesh produced from decorticated grains with a 24,25% hulling efficiency and 3 hours steeping period was the best, producing yield 88,40%, milling loss 1,00%, seiving loss 2,53%, bright greenish yellow color (L* = 85,17, a* = -0, 61, b* = 3,28), bulk density 0,59 g/mL, moisture 10,84%, ash 0,31%, fat 2,64%, protein 8,03%, total carbohydrates 78,18%, and starch 64,01 %. The wholemeal sorghum flour (20 mesh up to 120 mesh) 99,00% yield, bright greenish yellow (L * = 87,80, a * = -0,74, b * = 3,48), bulk density 0,59 g/mL, and moisture 9,58%, ash 0,37%, fat 2,38%, protein 8,59%, total carbohydrates 79,08%, and starch 68,47%. Bulk density of the 21-40 mesh, 41-60 mesh, 61-80 mesh were higher than that of wholemeal and above 80 mesh fractions, respectively 0,83, 0,62, and 0,71 g/ml, which could be due to germ and bran fractions. Lower hulling efficiency and shorter steeping times resulted in lower ash and fat contents.
Keywords: sorghum flour, steeping period, hulling efficiency.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 137 AGPT032
MERISTEM CULTURE Vanda packchongblue IN VITRO
Erni Suminar1, Anne Nuraini1, Syariful Mubarok1, Yati Supriati2, Rossa Yunita2, Megawaty Handayani Situmorang3
1 Staf of Agriculture Faculty Padjadjaran University 2 Researcher of BB-BIOGEN 3 Researcher Assistant of Agriculture Faculty Padjadjaran University
Abstract
A method for micropropagation of the orchid species Vanda packchongblue through meristem culture was elaborated. It was used in this study to induce shoot, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and callus. The meristem explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Vacin and Went (VW) basal medium with 3 % (w/v)sucrose. Various types of plant growth regulators such as kinetin, GA3, 6- benzyladenine (BAP), and zeatin with different concentrations were used to study the effects of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) on PLBs, shoot and callus induction. For shoot induction, explants of apical meristems from maturity plants were successfully used. The results showed that shoot induction were carried out on media MS containing 3 mgL-1 kinetin + 7 mg L-1 GA3, protocorm like bodies (plb) induction on media VW containing 3 mgL-1 kinetin + 7 mg L-1 GA3, for plb and callus multiplication on media MS + 0.05 mg L-1 2,4-D + 1 mg L-1 BAP. The greatest of percentage explants produced microshoot, shoot number, and leaf number from protocorm like bodies was medium MS with 2 mg L-1 BAP.
Key words: Vanda packchongblue, in vitro, meristem culture
138 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT034
THE FROG WASTE-PRODUCT MEAL (Rana cancrivora) IN RATIONS ON BROILER FINAL BODY WEIGHT, CARCASS WEIGHT AND PROTREIN EFFICIENCY BALANCE
Tuti Widjastuti1), Sjafril Darana2), Risda Siswantoyo3)
1Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia 2Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang 45363,Indonesia 3Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia Corresponding E-mail : [email protected]
Abstract
The research was held to find out the effect and optimal of adding frog waste-product meal (Rana cancrivora) in ration on the final body weight, carcass weight and protein efficiency balance of broiler. The research used 100 broiler day old chicken, were devided into twenty cages, and each unit cage consists of five broiler chickens. The research was conducted with experimental method of Completely Randomized Design with five treatments, where each treatment was repeated four times and each repeated consist of five broiler chicks. The treatmens consist of one ration without of frog waste- product meal (R0), and each level of ration contains frog waste-product meal R1 (3.5 percent),R2 (7percent), R3 (10.5percent) and R4 (14 percent). Variable analyses were final body weight, carcass weight and protein efficiency balance of broiler. Conclusion of research showed that by using the frog waste-product meal until 10.5 percent level in ration,were still able to support a good result on broiler final body weight (R0=1685.84 gram, R1=1653.10 gram, R2 = 1635.41 gram, R3= 1541.16 gram, R4=949.1gram ),carcass weight (R0=1095.80 gram, R1=1074.51gram, R2= 1063.02 gram,R3= 1001.75 gram, R4= 718.91 gram) and protein efficiency balance (R0 =2.69, R1=2.72, R3 =2.50, R3=2,61 and R4=1.90.)
Key words : frog waste meal product , final body weight, carcass weight, protein efficiency balance
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 139 AGPT035
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NATIVE CHICKEN SELECTION METHOD AND TESTING POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY
Marina Sulistyati, Munandar Sulaeman & Kundrat Hidayat
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran-Bandung
Abstracts
The purpose of this study were:1) Identify local knowledge system of selection of chicken; 2) Test of local knowledge systems confirm the selection of chicken with the system of scientific knowledge, meant for the purpose of development of scientific knowledge, especially in order"context of discovery" of ascientific discovery that could be developed for thes cientific community; 3)Test the application of local knowledge systems with productivity; 4)Knowing the public response to the native chickens result of selection of local knowledge systems. Object of research is 30 people chicken farmers who are used to perform selection in breed selection, based on his knowledge. Technical determination of respondents was purposive sampling. The research method used in this study is a case study with the technical PRA (Participation Rural Appraisal) participation of members of the group through a pattern of FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The results of the study:1.Local knowledge systems conceptualized by Catur Rangga. 2.The test results confirm the parameters of poultry based on the selection of local knowledge systems largely in line with modern knowledge systems and between both of them showed any relevance.3.The results of application of test selection of local knowledge systems with the production of eggs showed no significantly different.4.Most members of the group (90%) and not the group to respond positively to the local knowledge system.
Key words: localknowledge, catur rangga,productivity
140 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGT036
GLUCOSE AND TRIGLYCERIDES CONTENT OF DUCK BLOOD AS THE EFFECT OF KOMBUCHA FERMENTATION
Novi Mayasari, Lovita Adriani & Angga Kurniawan
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung-Indonesia Email : [email protected]
Abstract
Inhibition of the body's synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and muscle tissue will determine the content of glucose and triglycerides in the blood. Previous research showed that Kombucha fermentation to 100ml or about 25% of drinking water can increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) and also total cholesterol of duck blood. Kombucha tea is a fermented tea beverage produced by fermenting sugared black tea with tea fungus (kombucha). Kombucha is tea polyphenols which includes epicatechin glucoronate acid and niacin that have been reported to possess various biological activities. The objective of this study was to test the influence of Kombucha fermentation of glucose and triglycerides content of duck blood. This research was conducted using experimental methods with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Rations and drinking water provided ad libitum. Kombucha fermentation was fed orally for 30 days (8 a.m.) using five different doses. Those five doses act as five treatments (control = R0 (normal), R1=40ml, R2=60ml, R3=80ml and R4=100ml doses of Kombucha fermentation) with four replications. The results showed that blood triglycerides were decreased significantly with all treatments compared to the control. The lowest blood triglycerides were found in R4 or by increasing doses of Kombucha fermentation about 100 ml is about 107.47 mg/dl. However, there were no significant difference of blood glucose value were found between all treatments. It can be concluded that Kombucha fermentation could influence (reduce) the body‘s synthesis of lipid in general include cholesterol, lipoprotein, and triglycerides.
Keywords: kombucha fermentation, glucose, triglycerides, and ducks.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 141 AGPT037*
CHARACTERISTIC OF COWPEA TEMPE-LIKE PRODUCT FERMENTED WITH COMMERCIAL Rhizopus sp MIXED CULTURE
Winda Haliza, Iceu Agustinisari & Endang Yuli Purwani
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian Jl. Tentara Pelajar No.12 Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu Bogor
Abstract
Tempe is one of indigenous food in Indonesia mostly made from soybean by fermentation with Rhizopus sp culture. Future studies discover, tempeh can made from the order bean not only soybean, one of the potentially is cowpeas. The aim of this research is characterization of Tempe like product made from cowpeas which fermentation by commercial mixed culture. Dehulled cowpea ware soaked, boiled and fermented with rhizopus mixed culture at room temperature for 24 hours and then tempeh were characterized about their chemical properties, texture and sensory parameters. Results showed that cowpea Tempe had similar characteristic with soybean tempe in texture qualities, chemical and amino acid compositions and sensory properties of the tempe were well accepted by panelist. Expected outcome from this research are strengthen facilitating progress toward the common goal of enhanced food security.
Key words: Cowpea, Tempe, Rhizopus sp.
142 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT038
THE RELEASE OF PREDATOR Menochilus sexmaculatus FABRICIUS (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae) AND Paederus fuscipes CURTIS (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) TO CONTROL Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) ON HYDROPONIC TOMATO
Sudarjat1, T. Sunarto1 and Y. Ginanjar2
1Department of Agrotechnology-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 2Alumnus of Agricultural Faculty-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest that attacks various species of plants, including ornamental plants, vegetables, fruits and weeds. B. tabaci has become a major pest on hydroponic tomato. There are some potential predators to control B. tabaci. They are Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae) and Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). This study aimed to obtain the predator density (per plant) and to know the best release interval of the predator M. sexmaculatus and P. fuscipes that effective in suppressing B. tabaci population on hydroponics tomato. The research used Randomized Complete Block Design, consisting of ten treatments and three replications. The treatments are: A (a pair of M. sexmaculatus per plant at intervals of 4 weeks), B (a pair of M. sexmaculatus per plant at intervals of 6 weeks), C (a pair of M. sexmaculatus per 2 plants at interval of 4 weeks), D (a pair of M. sexmaculatus per 2 plants at intervals of 6 weeks), E (a pair of P. fuscipes per plant at intervals of 4 weeks), F (a pair of P. fuscipes per plant at intervals of 6 week), G (a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 4 weeks), H (a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 6 weeks), I (a pair of M. sexmaculatus + 1 pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 4 weeks), J (a pair of M. sexmaculatus + a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 6 weeks), and K (Control). The result showed that the release of a pair of M. sexmaculatus + a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 4 weeks can reduced nymphs of B. tabaci population by 68.30% at week 7 after the first release. This was the highest level of suppression compared with other treatments.
Keywords: Bemisia tabaci, hydroponic Tomato, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Paederus fuscipes, release.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 143 AGPT040
POTENCY OF NEMATODES Steinernema spp. (RHABDITIDA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) AS A CONTROLLER FRUIT FLY (BactroceradorsalisComplex) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE).
Agus Susanto*, Toto Sunarto* and Bait Ridwan Amin**
*Lab. Entomologi, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Abstract
Fruit flyis one ofthe main pests on vegetables and fruits in Indonesia. One alternative that is safe for the environment control is by the use of nematodes Steinernemaspp. This experiment aimed to obtain the density of nematodes Steinernema spp, which canprovide the highest mortality of fruit fly pupae. The experiment was conducted from October 2010 to Marc 2011, in the Nematologi Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. The research was conducted with experime method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and four replications with nematode densities of Steinernema spp of 200 JI ml-1, 400 JI ml-1, 600 JI ml-1,800 JI ml-1, 1000 JI ml-1, and control. The results showed that the density of nematodes Steinernema spp.of 1000 JI ml-1 causing mortality of fruit flies of 43.75% and can cause low adult emergence of 56.25%. Steinernema spp. has the potential to be developed ascontrol agents of fruitflies.
Keywords: potency, Steinernemaspp., controller, BactroceradorsalisComplex
144 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT041
IMPACT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) IMPLEMENTATION AGAINST RODENTS‟ POPULATION IN THE STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (A case study in PT. Medion, Padalarang)
Bari1, I. N., A. D. Permana2 & W.D. Natawigena 1
1Lab. Pests Vertebrate-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 2School of Life Sciences & Technology-Institut Teknologi Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
Abstract
The use of rodenticides was the single action to control rodents at storage of agricultural products in PT. Medion, Padalarang-West Java before conducting this research. In this study has been carried implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of rodents by applying other control components such as organizing of manager, rehabilitating of environmental, trapping of rat and mice, introducing of Tyto alba and improving technic applications of rodenticides. The success of IPM was measured by comparing population abundance (Hayne's method). Supporting research that has been done in the application of IPM was the identification of species and sex ratio. The results of rodents‘ identification found 3 rodents species, they were house rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout), roof rat (Rattus rattus Linn.) and house mice (Mus musculus Linn.). The sex ratio of rodents were ♂1: ♀1.48 (house rat), ♂1:♀1.76 (roof rats) and ♂1:1.24 ♀ (house mice). The larger proportion of females is potentially resulting population explosion in the future. The results showed that the abundance of rodents after IPM tended to decrease. During the four- month during study period, population abundance in a row was 60, 50, 41 and 21.
Keywords: IPM, rodent, rats, mice and storage of agricultural products
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 145 AGPT042
RAIN-HARVESTING AGRICULTURE TO BOOST LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMY FOR 34 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE BIGGEST LOESS PLATEAU
You-Cai Xiong, Zheng Zheng
MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Rain-harvesting agriculture has been extensively expanded in north- west China particularly in the rain-fed agricultural areas of Loess Plateau since the end of 1980s. Currently, it is bringing about a revolutionary change to local social and economic and ecological developments, especially supplying enough food and clothing to afford 34.2 million people. This paper presents the developmental processes in traditional livelihood and current economy as a product of RHA impulse over last decades. The RHA plays a positive role to balance social-economical growth and natural ecosystem sustainability. Local GDP increased by 129%, average grain output per hectare increased by 63.1% while field soil erosion decreased by 32%, average soil moisture increased by 12.6% from 1989 to 2009. Importantly, the use efficiency of natural rainfall was improved from 4.5% to 25.8% and soil organic carbon from 0.23‰ to 0.31‰ simultaneously. The RHA is also found to change residents‘ lifestyle and livelihood pattern to meet the challenge of global climate change. We therefore propose an integrated model/concept of rain-harvesting ecological agriculture (RHEA), which incorporates the RHA theory into the coupled human & natural system (CHANS). The solution, evolution and popularization of RHEA in N-W China provide a novel understanding on the development and initiatives of dryland agriculture in semiarid rain-fed agricultural areas in the next 100 years.
Keywords: Rain-harvesting agriculture, food security, field productivity, sustainability.
146 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT043
EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER (Azotobacter sp. AND Azospirillum sp.) AND WATER MANAGEMENT ON N UPTAKE, GROWTH AND YIELD OF PADDY RICE
Danapriatna1,N., Y. Sastro2, R. Hindersah3, T. Nurmala3 & T. Simarmata3
1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam "45", Bekasi 17113, Indonesia, 2 Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology(BPTP) Jakarta 12540, Indonesia, 3 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.
Abstract
An experiment to study the effect of biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.) and water management on N uptake, growth and yield of paddy rice was conducted from August to December 2010 in greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. The research was set up as randomized block design with factorial pattern and 4 replications. The first factor is inoculation of biofertlizer and the second factor is the water management. Isolates used were superior resulted from screening of Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. from wet land rice rhizosphere. The isolates were Azotobacter chroococcum ND9.3 and Azospirillum irakense ND14. The experimental result revealed that inoculation of Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp., either single or mixture, increased the population of both bacteria and plant N uptake. Shoot dry weight and plant N uptake of rice planted in muddy and flooded were higher than at field capacity. The effect of biofertilizer inoculation on rice yield depend on water management. Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. inoculation stimulated the increase of rice yield in muddy and flooded soil.
Keywords: Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp., Biofertilizer, N fixation, Rice
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 147 AGPT044
EFFECT OF CATTLE AND HORSES FECES MIXTURE OF BIOGAS FORMATION PROCESS ON SLUDGE QUALITY
Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Tb.Benito A.K.,Eulis Tanti Marlina.
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia [email protected].
Abstract
This study aims to determine the influence of a mixture of feces of beef cattle and horse feces on the formation of biogas to the quality of sludge. The method used in this study is the experimental method in the laboratory using a completely randomized design with three treatments and six repetitions, ie P1 = C / N ratio of 25, P2 = C / N ratio of 30 and P3 = C / N ratio of 35. To determine the effect of treatments, data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed that the mixture of feces of beef cattle and horse feces significantly affected the content of N, P2O5 and K2O. Treatment of C / N ratio of 35 (P3) produced the highest N content (0.4817%), P2O5 (0.4383% and K2O (0.3253%).
Key words: beef cattle feces, feces of horses, anaerobic digestion, sludge, N, P2O5, K2O
148 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT045
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE AND HORSE FECES MIXTURE ON BIOGAS AND SLUDGE PRODUCTIONS
Tb.Benito A. Kurnani., Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Eulis Tanti Marlina.
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to find out the effect of the mixtures of beef cattle feces and horse feces on the production of biogas and sludge. This study was performed by using experimental method based on completely randomized design with three treatments, i.e. P1 = C/N ratio of 25, P2 = C/N ratio of 30 and P3 = C/N ratio of 35. All treatments were executed with six replications. To know the effect of the treatments, data were analyzed by mean of ANOVA and to know the different effect among treatments the data is then were analyzed using Duncan‘s Multiple Range Test. The results show that the mixtures of beef cattle feces and horse feces significantly (P<0.01) increase biogas and sludge productions with the increasing of C/N ratio. The treatment of C/N ratio of 35 (P3) provides the highest biogas and sludge productions respectively of 147.6667 KJ and 10.1533 kg.
Key words :beef cattle feces, horse feces, anaerobic digestion, biogas, sludge
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 149 AGPT046*
THE RESPONSE OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN GROWING DUCKS GIVEN PHYTATE IN DIET AND LEAD (Pb) IN DRINKING WATER
Kamil K.A.1), R. Kartasudjana1), S. Iskandar2)
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia Animal Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia Email : [email protected]
Abstract
The experiment concerning the response of hematological indicators in growing ducks given phytate in diet and lead (Pb) in drinking water was conducted at the Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and the Laboratory of Chemistry Material and Environment, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University. In this experiment, the response of erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit in growing ducks given phytate in diet and lead (Pb) in drinking water were studied. These ducks were treated phytate and lead (Pb) since they were old day duck (DOD) and they were caged for 16 weeks. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern 3x3. Three dietary treatments containing different levels of phytate (0,15; 1,17 and 2,16%) and 3 levels of lead in drinking water (0, 45 and 90 ppm) with 3 replication were applied. The results showed that there was no interaction of phytate in diet and lead in drinking water on erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit. The concentration of lead up to 90 ppm in drinking water did not affect erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit. Similarly, phytate content up to 2,16% in diet did not affect erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit.
Key words: Response, hematological indicators, duck, phytate, lead
150 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT047
THE EFFECT OF FLASH EVAPORATION TO LIPOXIGENASE ACTIVITY OF SOYBEAN MILK
Edy Subroto1 , Zuheid Noor2, & Mary Astuti2
1 Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
This research tried to reduce lipoxigenase activity of soybean milk by flash evaporation. The research was divided into three parts. The first part is the preparation of soybean milk with ratio 1: 3 (w/v). The second part is the flash evaporation process with two factors; the first factor is room temperature (30oC), 60oC, and 80oC; and the second factor is vacuum pressure with variation 640, 660, and 680 mmHg. These treatments were intended to reduce lipoxigenase activity that causes the development of beany flavor. The third part is chemical analysis included lipoxigenase activity and proximat analysis. The result showed that flash evaporation at temperature 80oC with vacuum pressure of 640 mmHg and temperature 80oC with vacuum pressure of 680 mmHg, reduced the lipoxigenase activity of soybean milk significantly, to 16,05% and 23,7% with specific activities of 61,30 and 55,65 unit abs 480nm Fe(CNS)3/g protein.minute respectively. Flash evaporation decrease protein content to 18,70%, but maintain fat content, however flash evaporation result the soybean milk that fulfill the SNI requirements.
Key word: Soybean milk, Flash evaporation, Lipoxigenase, Temperature, and Vacuum pressure
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 151 AGPT048
COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON ECO-CULTURE TOURISM IN TANAH DATAR REGENCY, WEST SUMATRA
Ricky Avenzora2, Tutut Sunarminto2 and Nandi Koesmaryandi3
1Senior Lector on Ecotourism Planning 2-3Lector on Conservation Area Management Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism The Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia. Emai: [email protected]
Abstract
Minangkabau in West Sumatra is one of the last matrilineal ethnic- group in the world. In one hand, the rule on ―ancient belongings‖ (Harta Pusaka Tinggi) is safe the land-ownership and land-use pattern in the area – which is leading the beauty scenic of nature and culture still exist – but in the other hand it brings a serious problem to the investor for tourism. A community based tourism approached has been applied not only to bridge the problem but also to empower the local people for involving actively on an eco-culture tourism development in their area. The concept of ―one village one product‖ (OVOP) has been chosen to aims a collaborative eco-cultural tourism image of the area. The results show that the awareness on tourism potentials actually already there amongst the villagers, however they still need many support on knowledge for being creative genuinely using the potentials in each Nagari for a better eco-culture tourism in the whole area.
Keywords: Minangkabau, West Sumatra, Eco-culture Tourism, Indonesia, OVOP.
152 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT049
Zn-FOLIAR APPLICATION INFLUENCE ON QUALITY AND QUANTITY FEATURES IN Phaseolous vulgaris UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF N AND K FERTILIZERS
Mohammad Nasri 1& M. Khalatbari 2 &H. Aliabadi Farahani3&F.Paknejad4
1-Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Iran 2-Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Iran 3-Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e- Qods Branch, Iran 4- Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Iran
Abstract
This experiment was carried out using by a split plot design with four replications to determination of Zn-foliar application influence on quality and quantity features in Phaseolous vulgaris under different levels of N and K fertilizers at Iran in 2010. The factors were included nitrogenous fertilizer (250 kg urea/ha, 300 kg urea/ha and 350 kg urea/ha) in main plots and subplots were included potassium fertilizer and Zn-foliar application (120 kg K/ha, 6/1000 Zn-foliar application and 120 kg K/ha whit 6/1000 Zn-foliar application together) that sprayed by the results of soil analysis. Our data showed that N, K and Zn-foliar application significantly affected Zn in pod, nitrate in pod, carbohydrate percentage, carbohydrate yield, protein percentage, protein yield, chlorophyll of leaf, radiation use efficiency, extinction coefficient, number of plant in m2, number of cutting in plant, number of pod in plant, number of pod in m2, number of seed in pod, 100 seed weight, fresh pod yield, seed yield, biological yield, HI and plant height. The results of this experiment showed that the Zn-foliar application increased all features in bean and also, reduced N fertilizer rate without reduction in more plant characteristics. The results can be used in agronomy and increase the quantitative and qualitative features for achieve to the sustainable agriculture.
Key words: Zn-foliar application, N and K fertilizers, quality and quantity features, Phaseolous vulgaris L.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 153 AGPT051
EFFECT OF DATE HARVESTING ON QUALITY AND QUANTITY CHARACTERISTICS IN AUTUMN GENOTYPES OF RAPESEED ( Brassica napus)
Pourang Kasraie1, M. Nasri2, M. Khalatbari3, A. Shirani Rad4, J. Daneshian5, H. Tohidimoghadam6.
Ph.D. Candidate; Department of Agroecology, Islamic Azad University. Varamin Branch, Iran . Associate professor, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University. Varamin Branch, Iran . Agricultural Researcher, Iran Research Professor Associate, Seed and Plant Improvement of Karaj Researching Institute, Seed and Plant Improvement of Karaj Researching Institute, Associate professor, Islamic Azad University. Takestan Branch, Iran . Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University. Varamin Branch, Iran .
Abstract
Because of production of the agronomical plants specially oil seed, has increased considerably during 20 years ago , however , yield average of more agronomical plants in less than their potential.Rapeseed, having 40 to 45% oil , is one of the valuable oil seeds. Rapeseed oil has 61% oleic Acid and 8/8% Linoleic Acid which its duality is better than the other oil seeds.In order to evaluate the effect of different level of harvesting date in three autumn genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus) a factorial field experiment , arranged in a Randomised complete Block design with three replication was conducted in 2005–2006 in the research field of agricultural college of varamin university .Analysis of data indicated that there were significant differences in genotypes in Number of pod per plant , Number of grain per pods , 1000 grain weight , grain yield , oil yield and Harvest index . Maximum and Minimum grain yield was obtained from Hyola-42 and Zarfam genotypes with 3670 and 2732.3 Kg/ha respectively. Harvesting date was significant differences on Number of grains per pods, 1000 grain weight, seed yield, oil percent, oil yield and harvest Index at the 1% level. The greatest yield was obtained from T3 (two week after cloresis stage) with average 2760 Kg/ha . Genotypes and harvesting date had significant effect on oil percent. In third harvesting date due to reduce of yield, oil yield reduced. Maximum of oil yield was obtained from second date of harvesting with 1577. 9 Kg/ha. Hyola-42 and Zarfam with average 1586.95 and 1156.7 Kg/ha respectively had the best and lowest oil yield.
Keywords: Date harvesting, Genotype, Grain yield , Oil percent , rapeseed
154 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT052*
APPLICATIONS OF N, P, K AND Kompota+ BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PIONEER-12 HYBRID CORN (Zea mays, L.) AT JATINANGOR INCEPTISOL SOIL.
Siti Djasmara , Siti Maryam, Agus Wahyudin, Roni Mukhtar Taufieq. 2009.
Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung
Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of N, P, K and bio-organic fertilizer Kompota+ on the productivity of corn (Zea mays, L.) Pioneer-12 variety at the Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University Experimental Station at Jatinangor. Trial was carried out from March 2009 to June 2009 at the altitude of 754 m above sea level. The experimental design used was Randomnized Block with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were: A = Control (no fertilizer application), B = Recommendation dosage of Kompota+ (500 kg/ha), C = Full dosage of N, P, K (300 kg/ ha Urea + 270 kg/ ha SP-20 + 75 kg/ ha KCl), D = ¼ dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha Kompota+, E = ½ dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha of Kompota+, F = ¾ dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha Kompota+, G = Full dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha of Kompota+. The result of the experiment showed that N, P, K and Kompota+ fertilizers at Jatinangor Inceptisol soil have significant effects on plant height, leaf area index, 100 seed dry weight and seed dry weight per plant and seed dry weight per plot as compared to control (treatment A). Treatment D = ¼ recommendation dosage of N, P, K (75 kg/ ha Urea + 67,50 kg/ ha SP-20 + 18,75 kg/ ha KCl) + 500 kg/ ha Kompota+ gave equally good results as compared to treatment C = full dosage of N, P, K (300 kg/ ha Urea + 270 kg/ ha SP-20 + 75 kg/ ha KCl). These results meant that applications of Kompota+ bio- organic fertilizer could reduce the volume of inorganic fertilizer needed to obtain the same yields of corn.
Key words: Kompota+ bio-organic fertilizer, N, P, K, Zea mays Pioneer-12. ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 155 AGPT053*
SMALL ORGANIC FERTILIZER FACTORY PROMOTION IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF NORTHEAST THAILAND: POVERTY REDUCTION AND TOWARD TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Phassakon Nuntapanich
Faculty of Agriculture, Ubonratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubonratchathani 3400, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
This research used the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method for promoting farmers to establishment of the small factory for production of high quality organic fertilizer for services in the community and nearby to reduce the cost and expense of farmers and also help to promote and maintain quality of the environment. The project was operated pilot study and implemented with a farmer group in Sao-Reak village, Pha-Loa sub-district, Phana district, Amnat Charoen province. The research found that farmers can produce fertilizer for use in the community, not less than 70 tons per year. Resulting in the production cost of farmers are decreased. While the yield was not significantly different from the used of chemical fertilizer. The farmers are participating in this project had higher income than before participating the project. For the impact on the environment are not clearly measurable, because the project start on the year 2009 is the short time for measure impact in about that. For suggestion should be the environmental impact study, which use the long-term monitoring in the next time.
Key words: Organic fertilizer, Self reliance, Agricultural extension, Sustainable agriculture development.
156 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT055
THE EFFECT OF AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER DOSAGE AND PLANTING DISTANCE ON ORGANIC CARBON, POPULATION OF TOTAL BACTERIA, ACTYNOMICETES AND COMPONENTS RICE GRAIN YIELDS (Oryza Sativa L) GROWN ON INCEPTISOLS IN CILAJA BANDUNG.
Nurrobifahmi. SP
Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional, Jakarta 12070, Indonesia
Abstract
Rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important commodity crops in Indonesia, however, domestic production may not meet the national needs, average farm production has remained low. That should be the way in which rice cultivation may increase the productivity of rice plants on a permanent basis with the principles of quality and health of the soil of revitalization that can be done with the intensification of control of aerobic rice based on organic technology (IPAT-BO) is a technology that focuses on the use of biological energy of the soil management, fertilizing crop management, and water management in an integrated and planned. The success of organic rice cultivation technique based on highly dependent on the diversity of soil biota that act as activators, dynamist and regulators in the system of energy flow and nutrient supply to the rice field area. The aim of this research was conducted to find out the effects of organic fertilizer dosage and planting distance on organic carbon, population of soil total bacteria, Actynomicetes and rice grain yields (Oryza Sativa L) held in the rice field area of Sindanglaya, in Bandung, West Java at elevation of ± 870 m above sea level. The research used split plot design experimental method with two treatment factors, that are the first factor is the main plot of ―ABG Bios‖ organic fertilizer consisted of four dosages; 0 g / plot, 80 g / plot, 160 g / plot, 240 g plot and the second factor is sub plot planting distance which consisted of three levels; 25 cm x 25 cm, 30 cm x 30 cm, and 35 cm x 35 cm each of them are repeated 3 times. The results of this research showed that organic fertilizer dosage and planting distance that was interacted on amount of generatif productive and rice grain yield. Aplication organic fertilizer gave significant effect on population of soil total bacteria, actynomicetes, but there is not significant effect on organic carbon. Planting distance gave significant effect on plant height, amount of generatif and dry weight of root, but there is not significant effect on organic carbon. The applications dosage organic fertilizer 240 g / plot (600 kg / ha) combined with planting distance 25 cm x 25 cm gave highest grain yield of rice which is 2,57 kg per plot (6,4 ton/ ha).
Keywords : Organic Fertilizer Dosage and Planting Distance
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 157 AGPT056
INVENTORY OF FUNGI PATHOGEN OF MANGOSTEEN (Garcinia mangostana L.) IN KECAMATAN PUSPAHIANG KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA.
Ceppy Nasahi1, Aep Randani2, Toto Sunarto1, Sri Hartati1, Agus Susanto1, dan Tohidin1.
1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran-Bandung
Abstract
Mangosteen is one of the considered Indonesia superior export commodities. Kabupaten Tasikmalaya has been a popular centre of mangosteen in the world and has high potention for mangosteen orchard development. Information about pathogen which attack mangosteen in Tasikmalaya needed for supporting culture of manggosteen orchard. This research was aimed to conclude the important pathogen and distribution of diseases in Kecamatan Puspahiang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. The method used in this research was survey method with purposive random sampling. Samples consisted of five location and chosen ten plant each location. Samples observed for concluding type of disease, disease incidence, and pathogen. The result showed that pathogens which attack mangosteen are Pestalotia sp. (Leaf Blight), Helminthosporium sp. (Leaf Blight), Capnodium sp. (Downy Mildew) and Corticium salmonicolor (Upas fungal disease). Root rot disease was assumed caused by Ganoderma sp. Leaf Blight, Stem Cancer, and Downy Mildew were distributed in all area of Kecamatan Puspahiang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Root Rot and Jamur Upas only were found in Desa Puspahiang and Pusparahayu. Important disease in mangosteen orchard is Leaf Blight with disease incidence 30,5%.
Keyword : inventory, pathogen, mangosteen, Puspahiang-Tasikmalaya
158 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT058
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOUNDS SEX PHEROMONE SOF Cylasformicarius Fab. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Agus Susanto*, Unang Supratman** & Eka Srinovianti***
* Lab. Entomologi, Jurusan Hama& Penyakit Tumbuahan, Faperta Unpad ** Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, Unpad *** Alumni Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, Unpad
ABSTRACT
Cylasformicariusis amajorpestonsweet potato.The attacked tuber will secrete a bitter specific smell and reduce the product up to 90%.Controliscarried outby farmersgives lesssatisfactory results, so that the necessarycontrolsareeffective andenvironmentally friendly. Alternativesthat have aprospectto be developedis the use ofsexpheromones. Sexpheromoneis onetoolfor monitoringpest populationsandboth canbe usedtosuppresspest. The purposeof this studywas toisolateand characterize thesexpheromonecompound ofC.formicarius. Isolation of sex pheromone was begun by cutting the end of abdominal tip from virgin imago, extract was collected and then extracted with n-hexane, extract was evaporated then it waspurified by using column chromatography and guided laboratory test using olfactometer tube. The most active fraction was characterized by using GC,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Based on the structure elucidation, the result obtained by the structure determination of the sex pheromone mixture compounds, including fatty ester groups with the molecular formula C19H36O2 and C17H34O2with ratio 20:1 and activity 84 % used olfactometer tube.
Key words : isolation, sex pheromone, Seks, Cylas formicarius, Olfactometer
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 159 AGPT059
THE BROKER ROLE IN THE MARKETING OF MANGOSTEEN IN PUSPAHIANG DISTRICT TASIKMALAYA REGENCY *
Rani Savitri 1 & Yosini Deliana 2
1,2 Lab. Agribusiness Management – University Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Problem in mangosteen production center in Puspahiang Tasikmalaya were concerning in the marketing from seller (farmers or assemblers) to buyer (exportirs, big wholesalers, and other market agent). The problem was mismatch between the concumers need and the availability of the product especially in quality and quantity. This problem was captured by the broker who works individually. The seller was lack of market and price information, in other side the buyer did not have enought time for searching the best quality and efficient cost. It was expected that the broker could be solved the gap between buyer and seller.The purpose of this study is to understand the role of broker in mangosteen marketing, to determind the benefit from broker involment in distributing mangoesteen from seller to buyer, to find out what are the economic and social benefit from the transaction. The study was conducted in Puspahiang District, Tasikmalaya Regency, using case method. Technical sampling method was snowball from 21 brokers. The seller may sell through agent or broker, paying commision on sales.The study indicate that there were three main role of brokers. First providing the market and price information, second providing consultancy for improving the mangosteen quality and quantity, third functioning as liaison. The farmer when distribute mangosteen via broker gain profit Rp. 6.240.000,- per two tons per one transaction, meanwhile the farmer who distribute mangosteen without broker gain profit only Rp. 5.220.000,- per two tons per one transcation. The other benefit was social benefit such as seller and buyer more effective and efficient in the transaction.
Key words: Marketing, Broker Role, Transaction, and Mangoesteen
160 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT060
THE EFFECT OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER COMBINATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.) CULTIVAR NANI
Intan Ratna Dewi 1)Cucu Suherman 1), Endirifai2)
1) Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jl.Raya Jatinangor Km.21 Bandung 40600 2) Student of Agriculture major, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to obtain the best combination effect of inorganic fertilizer dosage and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Nani. The experiment was carried out from December 2010 until March 2011 at Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University; at an altitude of ± 750 m above sea level; according to Schmidt and Fergusson classification (1951) the type of rainfall was C, and the type of soil was Inceptisol. The experimental design was used simple Randomized Block Design (RDB), consisted of ten treatments with three replications. The treatments were :100 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer; 100% recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 3 mL/L; 75 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 3 mL/L; 50 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 3 mL/L; 100 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 4 mL/L; 75 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 4 mL/L; 50 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 4 mL/L; 100 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 5 mL/L; 75 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 5 mL/L; 50 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 5 mL/L. The result of experiment showed that the use of inorganic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer combination gave significant effect on growth and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Nani which was better than the use of inorganic fertilizer only. The combination 50 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer with 5 mL/L of liquid organic fertilizer gave the best effect for the growth and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Nani on plant height in 7 weeks after planting, leaf area, fresh weight leaves, fresh weight sliced leaves, and dry weight sliced leaves parameters.
Key words: inorganic fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer, tobacco cultivar Nani. ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 161 AGPT062
EXPLORATION OF SOIL FUNGI PARASITING Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) IN VARIOUS POTATO CULTIVATED AREA.
A. Marthin Kalay 1), S. Natasasmita 2), T. Suganda 2), T. Simarmata 2)
1) School of Agricultural Entrepreneurship Banau West Halmahera North Maluku, Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University Ambon Maluku, 2)Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University Bandung. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Potatoes Cysts Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) is an important plant diseases attacked on potatoes as well as tomatoes, and eggplants. This nematode reduced potatoes production up to 70,63 % in Malang (East Java). Controlling this nematode by using fungi as a biocontrol agenst is recommended in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this experiment was to isolate some soil fungus which are capable to parasite G. rostochiensis in potato cultivated area. This exploration obtained 13 fungal isolates. In Tulung Rejo, Fusarium oxysporum TR1, F. oxysporum TR3, F. oxysporum TR4, and F. solani TR2 has been isolated; in Karang Tengah (Central Java) we have F. oxysporum KT1, F. oxysporum KT3, F. oxysporum KT4, F. oxysporum KT5 and F. chlamydosporum KT2; and in Sugih Mukti (West Java) we have F. oxysporum SM1, F. oxysporum SM1, Paecilomyces lilacinus SM3 and F. chlamydosporum SM4. All of fungal could parasite G. rostochiensis so that could be used as biological agent of Potatoes cysts nematode.
Key word: Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, Fusarium sp, Paecilomyces sp
162 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT063
IDENTIFICATION OF AGLOMERATION AND CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT CLUSTER IN WEST JAVA
Rizal1,F. & Kastaman2,R.
1Outstanding Lecturer of Soil department, Faculty of Agriculture- Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363 Indonesia 1 line space> 2Lab. Agroindustrial System & Management -Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,
Abstract
Since 2006, the Government through the Department of Industry and Commerce in West Java Province has pioneered the development of ―Cirebon-Indramayu-Majalengka-Kuningan‖ (Ciayumajakuning) become an industrial cluster in the Fruit Cluster Community (Masterbu). To assess the extent Ciayumajakuning success as a business cluster, which is based on the agglomeration among the actors and the determinants factors in the cluster, in February-May 2011 has conducted the research survey. The research methodology was descriptive method with qualitative approaches analysis such as "Force Field Analysis". Variables observed were: 1) actors in the cluster, 2) specialization / distinctiveness, 3) social capital, 4) market, 5 ) policies, and 6) geographic concentration. The results showed that the agglomeration that occurs in the business group in the cluster was still in pilot form early, then actor of ―Masterbu cluster had not reached the threshold value (critical mass), there was no relevant industry, the number of business units was still too small, need to develop new business unit. Product specialization factor had not been formed due to micro-scale constraints and low levels of education, social capital was very low, visible from the low network and diversification of cooperation among actors in the cluster. Facilitation program policy for the development of Masterbu actors had been held in there, but still had not been effective and well targeted. Further, the geographic concentration factor had not been formed because the number of business units still few and spread locations among each other. In general it can be concluded that in this situation a Masterbu Cluster has not been successful and still require further development efforts.
Key words: industrial cluster, a critical success factor of cluster ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 163 AGPT064
EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL AND AN-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE (Zea mays)
Sih Parmiyatni, Heru Purwanta and Nurosid
Centre for Bioindustrial Technology. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) , Jakarta 10340, Indonesia,
Abstract
The experiment on the effect of microbial and in-organic fertilizers on growth and productivity of maize was done on field test. The experiment used randomized block design with 6 treatments (P1: control; P2: NPK 400 kg/ha; P3: NPK 400 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha; P4: NPK 300 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha; P5: NPK 200 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha; P6: NPK 100 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha) and 5 replicates. The results showed that all the treatments gave better in growth and productivity than control. Treatment of NPK 400 kg/ha (P2) gave the best result on cob length (16, 74 cm) and cob diameter (52, 67 mm). Meanwhile, treatment of NPK 400 kg/ha and microbe fertilizer 60 kg/ha (P3) gave the highest result on average of fresh and dry weight; 2, 2 gr and 1, 22 gr respectively and seed yield was 144, 20 gr/plant.
Keywords: microbe, fertilizer, growth, productivity, maize
164 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT065
INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING METHODS AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING PRACTICES ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SHEA BUTTER (Vitellaria Paradoxa) IN UGANDA
John Bosco L. Okullo1*, Francis Omujal2,6, Jacob G. Agea3, Lucy W. Mulugo3, Peter C. Vuzi4, Agnes Namutebi5, John Bosco A. Okello1 and Steven A. Nyanzi 2
1The School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala (Uganda). 2 The School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala (Uganda). 3 The School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062 Kampala (Uganda). 4 The School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala (Uganda). 5 The School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062 Kampala (Uganda). 6 Natural chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, P.O Box 4864 Kampala (Uganda). Corresponding Author: [email protected] or [email protected] Tel: +256-774-059868; Fax: +256-414-533574
Abstract
Shea butter oil (an edible vegetable oil) is obtained from the indigenous shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) and is traditionally used in the preparation of sauce, frying of food and baking of pan cakes in addition to local cosmetics and soap. In determining the influence of post harvest handling practices and extraction methods on physico-chemical characteristics of the shea butter/oil in Uganda, fresh shea fruits were collected from Lira district (northern Uganda and subjected to controlled post harvest handling conditions in the laboratory. The butter from the shea seeds (kernels) was extracted using n-hexane solvent (HSE) by soxhlet apparatus and compared with the physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of shea butter oil extracted by traditional boiling technique (TR) and mechanical cold pressing (CP) extraction methods. The three samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics using standard methods (AOAC) and data subjected to ANOVA (P<0.05) to determine whether there was any significant variations in the extraction methods. A significant difference in physico chemical properties was noticed in at least two extraction methods for colour, acid and peroxide values including α-tocopherols but not with iodine value (P≤ 0.05). The shea butter extracted by the 3 methods all contained palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic fatty acids. There was a general increase in the percentages of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) in TB method compared to HSE method. Although the physico-chemical properties & fatty acid profile of shea butter varied, the values were within the recommended shea butter specification. Since in this study post-harvest handling practices and extraction methods have not been found to significantly influence the quality of shea butter, there is a need for further investigation on the self-life (post-extraction storage) of the products extracted by both TB and CP methods in order to promote an effective and affordable extraction methods to meet the demand for production of various industrial and cosmetics applications other than food per se.
Keywords: Karite, post harvest practices, shea butter, vegetable oil, Vitellaria paradoxa
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 165 AGPT066
STRAW COMPOST APPLICATION FOR PADDY SOILS HEALTH REMEDIATION TO INCREASED RICE YIELD IN DISTRICT OF CIBOGO, SUBANG REGENCY
Tien Turmuktini 1), Tualar Simarmata 2), Yuyun Yuwariah 2), Mieke Rochimi Setiawati3) dan Endang Kantikowati 3)
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Winaya Mukti University, 2) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University, and 3) Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Bale Bandung University. E-mail : [email protected]
Abstract
In Indonesia, more than 70 % irrigated paddy soil experiencing degradation of paddy soil health. This can be seen from low content of C- organic (<2%), acid soil, and low soil biodiversity. Straw compost is one of the organic material that can easily found, because it is available in the soil and has a role to improved paddy soil health remediation such as restore soil physical, chemical and biological properties. A healthy ecosystem is expected to improved rice production. The aims of this research is to know the effect of straw compost application in every planting season towards four varieties rice yield. The experiments has been conducted using plots demonstration at farmer's field, in Marjasari village, district of Cibogo, Subang regency, during three planting season, starting in February 2010 untill March 2011. The result of the experiment show that 5 t ha-1 straw compost application during two planting seasons can increased varied yield in Ciherang, Mekongga, Cigeulis, and Ciliwung paddy varieties . Ciliwung variety has the highest yield about 52% on the second planting season and 60% on the third planting season compared to the control .
Keywords: straw compost, paddy soils health remediation, rice yield
166 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT067
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) FOR THE DETECTION OF FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN CHICKEN LIVER, PRAWN AND MILK
M. Zahid1,2, A. Lee2, N. Kumar3, & G. Iskander3
1National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory, The Ministry of Agriculture, Gunungsindur, Bogor 16340, Indonesia, 2School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 3School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Abstract
A novel of enrofloxacin hapten (ENR-1) was synthesised by attaching a tert-butyl linker on a carboxylic group of enrofloxacin (ENR). A specific polyclonal antibody (AbαENR-1) was produced by immunising rabbits with enrofloxacin hapten conjugated KLH. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then developed to detect enrofloxacin in chicken liver, prawn and milk. The optimized ELISA exhibited higher sensitivity and displayed an -1 IC50 value of 11.8 µg L with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 2.4 µg L-1. The effects of surfactants (Tween20), organic solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and acetone) and pH conditions (5.5- 9.5) were evaluated to optimize assay performance. The sample preparation techniques were also optimized for milk, chicken liver and prawn, yielding in acceptable recoveries between 64 ± 3% and 125 ± 8%. The ELISA was able to generate highly specific assay for the detection of the targeted FQ without significant cross-reaction to the seven FQs structurally related compounds (danofloxacin, enofloxacin, sarafloxacin, perfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin). This ELISA can be adopted for routine screening or even quantification of enrofloxacin residues in animal and marine derived products.
Keyword: enrofloxacin residues; ELISA; animal products; marine products.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 167 AGPT068
MASS PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE OF Nucleo Polyhedral Virus (Npv)-Setothosea Asigna
Donnarina Simanjuntak1 & Agus Susanto1
1Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) Jl. Brigjen. Katamso No. 51 Kp. Baru, Medan 20158, Indonesia Telp. 061-7862477, mobile 085370125070, 081281020038, fax 061- 7862488 Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Application of NPV as a biological control of Setothosea asigna is promising. Usually, the propagation of NPV is done by direct spraying of the virus to S. asigna caterpilar in the field. The method is not efficient, so it is needed a new method to replace it. This paper reports the result of NPV propagations through five different methods: dropping of NPV in the mouth of S. asigna larvae, spraying of NPV to S. asigna in oil palm seedling, dropping of NPV to S. asigna body, soaking of S. asigna in virus suspension, spraying of NPV to oil palm leaves before S. asigna infestation which compared to control (spraying of S. asigna by aquadest). The result showed that the mortality of the third instar of larvae, 9 days after the treatments are 86%, 80%, 70%, 64%, 74% and 0% for each treatment respectively. This indicated that the five methods of NPV propagation could be used as alternative methods. Further experiment and analysis are needed to obtain more detail method of the propagation.
Keywords: S. asigna, NPV, propagation.
168 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT069
THE EFFECT OF THE TOFU‟S LIQUID WASTE ADDITION AT COCOPEAT MEDIUM TO PRODUCTIVITY AND TRITERPENOID KIND OF LINGZHI (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst)
Nia Rosianna*; Asri Peni Wulandari*,M. Hanafi** Ambar Wulan Sari*
**Laboratory of Chemistry The Indonesian research of Sciences(LIPI) *Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Padjadjaran University Bandung Indonesia. [email protected]
Abstract
The research about the effect of the Tofu‘s liquid waste addition at cocopeat medium to productivity and triterpenoid Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst)has been carried out. The treatment was added the Tofu‘s liquid waste there are 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%. The descriptive method was used to analyze the triterpenoid content. The result from this research showed that the added of tofu‘s waste 3% gives optimum the effect of when primordial appears that is 205,2 day after inoculation (DAI) and wet weight mean that is 3,94622 gram on the first harvest but there‘s no effect at amount, diameter, and dry weight of Lingzhi. The added of Tofu‘s liquid waste with different concentrate will product a different kind of triterpenoid. The added of Tofu‘s liquid with concentration 0% producted 8 types of triterpenoids there are ganoderic acid (β, Mg, H,and Y), lucidenic acid ( D1 and N), ganodermic acid TQ, and 3,15-Diacetoxy-23-oxo-7,9(11),24E-lanostatrien-26-oic acid ; concentration 3% producted 3 types there are ganoderic acid (Y, C2, and P);concentration 6% producted 12 types there are ganoderic acid (Mg, Y, K, L and Mi), lucidenic acid (D1, M, and G),ganoderiol A, ganodermic acid Ja, lucidone A and ganoderol ; concentration 9% producted 5 types there are ganoderic acid (Y, U and N), lucidenic acid D1 , and ganoderal A; concentration 12% producted 5 types there are ganoderic acid (Y and N), lucidenic acid (D1 and G) and lucidone A.
Keyword : Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst), tofu’s liquid waste, productivity,and triterpenoids kind.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 169 AGPT070*
CHARACTERISTICS OF GUAVA AND STAR FRUIT JUICES: CASE STUDY ON FARMERS GROUP (GAPOKTAN) OF RURAL AREA IN DEPOK
Sunarmani and Ratnaningsih
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development Jl. Tentara Pelajar no. 12, Cimanggu Bogor 16114. E-mail: [email protected] Phone : +62 251 8321762. Fax : +61 251 8350920
Abstract
Guava and star fruit are typical horticultural products of Depok, which have high economic value. But both guava and star fruit are easily damaged, which caused by physical, mechanical and microbiological damages. Therefore, further processing is needed to increase the added value, shelf-life, and economic value of these fruit. One kind of the further processing is fruit juice. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of guava and star fruit juice that produced by farmers group (Gapoktan) in Depok. Nutrient composition of guava and star fruit juices that farmers group (Gapoktan) produced, showed a complete nutritional composition, as follows: energy 80 to 84.5 kkal/100 ml, water 79 to 81%, ash 0.1 to 0.2%, protein 0.2%, fat 0.5%, carbohydrates 18 to 20%, vitamin C 67 to 84 mg/g, and TSS 4.9 to 6.3 °Brix.
Key words: fruit juice, guava, star fruit, Depok.
170 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT071
EFFECT OF SUCCINIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTERIFIED TAPIOCA
Heny Herawati1) , I. Nyoman Widiasa2) , and Kendriyanto1)
The Central Java Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology The University of Diponegoro Central Java Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology
Abstract
As a tropical country, Indonesia has potential in cassava production. Tapioca which is cassava starch could be directly or indirectly implemented as both in food or non food industry. In order to increase the added value of tapioca, it could be processed to be a higher expensive product through modification. One of modified starch that could be implemented as food additive is esterified starch. The objective of the research was to produce esterified tapioca through modification, the chemical structure (succinic and acetic) addition in different concentration (1, 3 and 5%) used to microwave combination drying. Esterified starch products were analyzed such as chemical and physical characteristics, nutrition contents and image of the surface microstructure using SEM. Both kinds and concentration of acid contributed to the physic characteristics of the esterified tapioca such as viscosity, swelling power, solubility. Starch modification also influenced the chemical characteristics except the ash content. The highest Degree of substitution value was 0,0929 which reached by combination of 40% substrate concentration with 5% succinic acid addition in the tapioca treatment. The changed of the tapioca granule not significantly different, just showed the closely distribution among the granule it‘s changed. The esterified tapioca suggested be advanced implemented in the food product.
Key word: acid, esterified tapioca, microwave
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 171 AGPT072
EMULSIFICATION OF NATURAL COLOURANT FROM SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan L) AND ITS CHARACTERISATION
Heny Herawati, Sri Yuliani, Niken Harimurti
Indonesia Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 12, Cimanggu-Bogor
Abstract
Natural dyes, usually extracted from part of plant (root, stalk, wood, leaf, fruit, cuticle and flower). Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L) is one source of natural dyes rich in brazilin, tannic acid, resin, resorsin, brazielin, sappanin and galat acid. Sappan wood produced attracted pink colour in water and has widely used in colouring foods and textile. Formulation of colouring material in an emulsion system that is ready to use is an attractive approach to encourage the use of natural colourant. In this research, colouring material was extracted using an organic solvent and emulsified in water with the aid of a surfactant. This research aimed to identify the characteristics of emulsion of sappan wood extract. The concentration of mixture of sappan wood extract and surfactant was varied (5, 10, 15 and 20% and the characterization included emulsion stability, microscopic structures, colour intensity and viscosity. The research showed that viscosity increased with the increase in concentration of Sappan wood extract (ranged from 20 – 24 cp). Stability tend to decrease with the decrease in extract concentration, while intensity increase with the rise in extract concentration.
Key word: sappan wood, emulsion, colourant
172 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT073
E-MARKETING EVALUATION WITH INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT ANALYSIS (CASE STUDY: AGENT RICE ORGANIC YASIN HSO IN BEKASI, WEST JAVA
Sri Fatimah
Department of Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Marketing products business has experienced a variety of adjustments in accordance with the development of information technology, E-marketing has become one of the mode of sales technique in which the interaction between consumers and sellers are mediated by information technology particularly the internet. most consumers do not need all the way to where (the market for traditional to modern markets), but needs to obtain enough orders and transactions of goods from home. Marketing activities can now be more efficient, saving energy and costs due to the presence of internet facilities. In general, this paper has tried to find out how the perception of e- marketing entrepreneur, what are the inputs necessary for the success of electronic-based marketing, how to synergize the various aspects required to be the way marketing is expected to achieve sales targets and know the output of e-marketing to sales. This study use survey method with questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The study results indicate that case studies have shown the role of e-marketing in marketing food products effectively. Employers are quite responsive and forward-thinking of the courage to adopt proven marketing technologies to promote organic rice. But there are some obstacles for these companies to implement e-marketing, including: lack of ability to measure the impact of e-marketing applications since employers are not accustomed to taking notes, limited internal capabilities to operate as factors and age as well as limited budgets and savings goals so that everything is done own.
Key words: organic rice, e-marketing, agent Yasin HSO
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 173 AGPT074
IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPARASIT IN LIVESTOCK IN PASIR BIRU VILLAGE SUMEDANG
Ellin Harlia*, Eulis Tanti Marlina*, Reginawanti Hindersah**
* Laboratory of Microbiology and Waste Handling Faculty of Animal Husbandry ** Laboratory of Soil Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Jatinangor Km. 21 Bandung 40600 Correspondence email: [email protected]
Abstract
Pengabdian kepada masyarakat program Iptek bagi Wilayah (IbW) telah dilaksanakan di desa Pasir Biru Kecamatan Rancakalong Sumedang, melalui implementasi Iptek bidang pertanian dan peternakann.Endoparasites of livestocks can cause production losses but it is often assumed that there is no influence on production if livestocks do not performe any symptoms of parasite infestation. Livestock feces can be a source of endoparasite transmission from one animal to another. Therefore identification of endoparasit is important to prevent the spread out of infested endoparasite. Tanam padi dilaksanakan dengan metode IPAT BO pada tanah seluas 2000 m 2 menggunakan varietas Sarinah dan Ciherang. The objective of this study was to identify the species of endoparasite in sheep, buffola and beef cattle in Pasir Biru village as well as their infection category (degree of infection severity?). Identification of potential endoparasites from all three livestock has been performed by the examination of eggs and larvae of worms from faecal samples. Results showed that sheep, buffalo as well as beef cattle in the village have been infested by some roundworms species of Nematode, Tapeworms (Cestoda) and Trematode (Flukes). Infestation of all endoparasites was light, but infestation with Moniezia of Cestoda class in sheep was medium. It is suggested that endoparaisites infestation in three important cattle was not heavy and has not yet threat cattle production in Pasir Biru Village in Sumedang
Keyword: Endoparasite, cattle, nematoda, cestoda; trematoda 174 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT075*
EVALUATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL 108 BLACK SOYBEAN PROMOSING LINE IN ORDER TO FOOD NATIONAL SECURITY1
Dwi Siska2, Elia Azizah3 dan Agung Karuniawan4
1 is part of the preliminary research of the scrip and the thesis first and second authors. 2 Students S1 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung. 3 Students S2 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung. 4 Lecturer Plant Breeding Unpad. Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Yielding varieties of black soybean in Indonesia is more limited than yellow soybeans. As a result, some local varieties of black soybeans are still having diversity in the potential outcome. For that we need to do research on the evaluation of the potential of black soybean strains local selection results in order to meet food needs. Field experiments conducted at the experimental farm of agriculture faculty of Padjadjaran University during August to November 2009. The design of experiments that used the randomized block design in two replications with 108 strain treatment expectancy of black soybean varieties and two national varieties as a comparison of Cikuray and Detam 2. The experimental results showed that of 108 strains tested black soybean hope there are 2 strains of hope that is better looking than the comparison of UPC8 and UPC12. While strains which have better yield potential than the comparison is UPC10. This strain is hoped will be a new strains with better yield potential than existing varieties.
Keywords: black soybean promosing lines, evaluation of potential outcomes, local varieties
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 175 AGPT076
MASS TRAPPING Oryctes rhinoceros BEETLE USING LIGHT TRAP ON OIL PALM PLANTATION
Perdana Rozziansha, T. A. , H. Priwiratama & A. Susanto
Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI), Jln. Brigjen Katamso 51, Medan, Indonesia Fax: +62 61 7862488, Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Oryctes rhinoceros is a major pest in oil palm plantation. Damages caused by O. rhinoceros will decrease oil palm production per hectare area. This research aims to observe the affectivity of light trap as an alternative method to control O. rhinoceros. Research was conducted at Ajamu Estate, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, North Sumatera. Light traps were installed along the main road across 11 blocks. Pherotrap was used as a comparison. The number of O. rhinoceros were trapped in light trap is higher than pherotrap. The highest number of O. rhinoceros was observed in October from which 2050 beetles were trapped in light trap compared to 563 beetles in pherotrap. Results demonstrated that light trap could be used as alternative method to control O. rhinoceros.
Keyword: O. rhinoceros, light trap, pherotrap
176 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT078
THE CONSERVATION OF GAMBIERS BIODIVERSITY IN WEST SUMATRA
Hamda Fauza1*, Istino Ferita1, Nurainas2, Jamsari1, Azmi Dhalimi3, Ahmad Denian4, & Murdaningsih H. Karmana5
1Faculty of Agriculture of Andalas University Padang 25163 , Indonesia, 2Faculty of Mathematics and Nature Science of Andalas University Padang 25163, Indonesia 3Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Bogor Indonesia 4Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia 5Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia *Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manih Padang 2516, Phone : 0751-72776; Fax.: 0751-72702; email: [email protected]
Abstract
Gambier is one of the highest economical and prospective commodities of small holder plantation which prospect to be commercially developed in the next future. Gambier plant (Uncaria gambier (Hunter) Roxb.) is a bush plant of the family Rubiceae consisted of 34 genus, of which one genus found in Africa, two genus in America, and the others in tropical regions of Asia largely contained in the Indonesian archipelago. Beside Uncaria gambier, there are other species that produce catechine (the main component to be contained of gambier) the spread at various locations in West Sumatra. The efforts to obtain the superior genotype of gambier through plant breeding is still limited regarded to only few previous studies which is still far from what is expected. The availability of natural resource germplasm with a wide genetic variability and the accurate of its genetic information is one of the essential aspects of its plant breeding program and biodiversity management. Several series of studies have been conducted within the framework of conservation of gambier biodIrversity which aims to obtain information about the existence of gambier biodiversity and preparation of genetic material in the assembly of superior crop cultivars gambier. The objectives of this study was to provide information of wild gambiers species in several location in West Sumatra. The research is being designed by explored and identified of wild species of the genus Uncaria based on phenotypic performance at 20 locations in eight districts in West Sumatra. The conclusion of the study showed that there were 13 species in the location explored, consisting of : Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roxb., U. ferrea (Bl.) DC., U. gambier (Hunter) Roxb., U. jasminiflora Hook., U. macrophylla Wall., U. roxburghiana Korth., U. sclerophylla (Hunter) Roxb., U. gabrata, U. pteropoda Miq., and four species that have not been identified.
Keywords: Gambier, Biodiversity, Uncaria ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 177 AGPT079*
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MORFOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AMONG SWEETPOTATO CROPS WILD RELATIVE INDONESIA LANDRACE FOR EX SITU CONSERVATION
Budi Waluyo1, Cucu Jamilah2 and Agung Karuniawan3
Graduate student Agricultural Science/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected] Undergraduate student Agrocomplex/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Lecture Staff at Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Breeding Laboratory, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected]
Abstract
Crops wild relatives of sweetpotato germplasm in Citatah, one of the centers diversity of wild sweet potato in Indonesia, are being threatened with extinction. In 2009, Plant Breeding Laboratory has been exploring and takes samples of sweetpotato crops wild relatives in Citatah and planting its core accession in the Experimental Field Station Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University as an effort to conserve germplasm. Core accessions collected able to regenerate through seeds so that efforts are required to prevent duplication of accession. The research objective is to assess and determine the genetic diversity of offspring 120 genotype core accessions of sweetpotato crop wild relatives origin Citatah based on morphological traits. One hundred twenty genotypes seed descent of the core population origin Citatah evaluated in November 2010 - May 2011 based on 40 morphological traits to determine the magnitude of genetic diversity, determine the relationships between traits, and identifies important traits related to yield using multivariate analysis. Generally genotypes are species Ipomoea trifida. The principal component analysis identified there were trait differentiate into genotypic characteristic of crops wild relatives germplasm. The canonical variate analysis showed that the observed variation among the traits occurred mostly between-groups. There was relationship between some morphological trait with the number of tubers per plot, diameter of the largest sweet potato, and the number of tubers per plant. Cluster analysis showed there are three main groups in the germplasm of sweetpotato crops wild relatives and will be the basis of ex situ conservation management, as well as exploited in sweetpotatoes breeding.
Keywords: Sweetpotato crops wild relative, multivariate analysis, genetic variability, ex situ conservation.
178 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT080
EFFECT OF LOCAL INSECT POLLINATION ON TOMATOES PRODUCTION
Putra1,R. E., I. Kinasih² & D. Raihanasyah1
1School of Life Sciences and Technology- Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung , Indonesia, 2Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Bandung Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung
Abstrak
Insects have been known as one of important component of agriculture system. They held significant roles either as destructive agents or benefactor in pest control, nutrition cycle, and pollination of agriculture system. This research aimed to understand function of insects, honey bee (Apis cerana) and sweet bee (Trigona sp.), as pollinator of tomato. Result of this research showed that tomatoes received pollination service from these insects had significantly lower falling flowers (25.5%) and higher percentage of flowers into fruits (80.3%) than the ones without any pollination service (65.5% and 60.3%, respectively). Average weight between insect pollinated tomatoes slightly larger than non-insect pollinated tomatoes (19.75±7.45 and 13.59 ±8.44, respectively) indicated the possibility of synergy between pollination and plant nutrition to produce bigger and heavier fruits.
Keywords: Tomatoes, pollination, honey bees, sweet bees, fruit weight.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 179 AGPT081
THE USE OF FRUIT WASTES AS A SUBSTRATE FOR PRODUCING NATA DE FRUITY
Wahyu Aristyaning P, Ardhiani K. Hidayanti, A. Endang Sutariningsih S
Lab. Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281, Indonesia,
Abstract
Post-harvest fruits abundance cause problems in Indonesia because of the self enzymatically ripening, which potentially causes rotten fruits, become waste, and not even sold. Rotten fruit has high potential as a carbon source for bacteria because it contains high carbohydrate approximately 4.7 to 22.28%. The objective of study were to utilize the rotten fruit as an alternative growth medium for producing nata (nata de fruity) by Acetobacter xylinum, to find the appropriate concentration of reducing sugar content in fruit juice for producing nata de fruity, and to observe biofilm formation production by Acetobacter xylinum in rotten fruit medium. This experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with four variations extract containing different concentration of reducing sugar of rotten fruit (53 mg/mL, 41 mg/mL, 29 mg/mL and 18 mg/mL). Quality was measured from the thickness of nata, wet weight, fiber content and the level of consumer preferences (organoleptic test). Organoleptic test was conducted on the color, smell, and taste. The data were analyzed by Anova and DMRT 5% level. The results showed that the rotten fruit is Acetobacter xylinum growth substrate and produce nata. The quality of nata produced from rotten fruit juice varies depending on reducing sugar content. Reducing sugar content of 53 mg/mL in the rotten fruit juice produce nata with a thickness of 18 mm, 69.03 g wet weight and fiber content of 1.92%, white color, normal smell, normal taste (no taste and smell sour). The conclusion of this research, the best nata made from rotten fruit juice with reducing sugar content of 53 mg/mL. Biofilm (extracellular cellulose) formed by Acetobacter xylinum in rotten fruit medium thicker by the day.
Keywords : rotten fruits, nata de fruity, Acetobacter xylinum
180 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT082
AGRICULTURE LAND PROTECTION IN INDONESIA “CHALLENGES AND REALITIES”
Marenda Ishak S 1)
1) Lecturer of Soil Science Department, Agriculture Faculty University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia Address : Jl. Raya Bandung – Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor
Abstract
The objective of the study to know the level of over land use, over land use characteristics, factors that cause over land use, and impact of over land use. Study conducted in the area of land known as the preview productive agricultural land (North Shore Region). Research conducted with the use of research descriptive methods, the survey questionnaires and interviews. The results of the research showed that the transfer over land use occured in the different land types characteristic land, land that is the form of rice decreased 34.48%, a pond area of 2.75%, a garden soil mixture of 2.03%, and 0 of forest land , 2%. From the results of the study also found that the occurrence of disasters over the land because of the absence of a control instrument in the form of policy, even if these policies have a role in the poor control over land use occurred. Other caused by the thinking that agricultural land is still considered to be less able to contribute or income for the area, thus there are not instrument and government official seriously prevent the occurrence of over land use. It would also led to incentive and disincentive programs that were not significant. Lack of community participation and knowledge also play role in the increasing level of over land use. Community during this positioned as objects not be involved in prevention efforts over land use. This process of easy transfer of rights to land statue, which also encourage the over land use. From the results of the study was also showed the over land use can change the structure of agricultural livelihoods, broad ownership of land, and the amount of land ownership, the overall to fringe the community itself and also the decrease in social welfare.
Keyword : over land use, agricultural land, north shore region
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 181 AGPT084
EVALUATED OF L1 AND B59 SIDEROPHORE PRODUCING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM LEUWEUNG SANCANG AND TAGOG APU CALCAREOUS SOIL TO AVAILABLE FE, FE ABSORPTION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF CORN CROP ON TAGOG APU CALCAREOUS SOIL MEDIA
Herdiyantoro, D1., O. Mulyani2 & R. Hudaya3
1Lab. Biologi Tanah-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 2Lab. Kimia Tanah-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 3Lab. Genesis dan Klasifikasi Tanah-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
The Fe deficiency symptoms of plant often occurs on calcareous soil. Siderophore producing bacteria is be able to supply Fe for plant. The purpose of this research was to evaluated of L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria which have been isolated from Leuweung Sancang and Tagog Apu calcareous soil to available Fe, Fe absorption, growth and yield of corn crop on Tagog Apu calcareous soil media. 7. The ability examination of L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria in increasing available Fe, Fe absorption, growth and yield of corn crop on Tagog Apu calcareous soil media was conducted on completely randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The factors were siderophore producing bacteria (B) consisted of four levels: without siderophore producing bacteria (B0), L1 siderophore producing bacteria (B1), B59 siderophore producing bacteria (B2) and L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria mixture (B3); and FeSO4 fertilizer (P) consisted of four levels: without FeSO4 fertilizer (P0), 125 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer (P1), 250 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer (P2) and 375 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer (P3). The result of ability examination of L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria showed there was no interaction between siderophore producing bacteria with FeSO4 fertilizer to available Fe, Fe absorption, growth and yield of corn crop on Tagog Apu calcareous soil. The B2 treatment (B59 siderophore producing bacteria) resulted higher available Fe than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) and B1 treatment (L1 siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. The P2 treatment (250 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) resulted higher available Fe than P0 treatment (without FeSO4 fertilizer) and P1 treatment (125 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) significantly. However, B3 treatment (L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria mixture) resulted higher Fe absorption than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. The B3 treatment (L1-B59 siderophore producing bacteria mixture) resulted higher plant height than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. The B2 treatment (B59 siderophore producing bacteria) resulted higher yield of corn crop than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. However, P3 treatment (375 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) resulted lower plant height and stalk diameter than P0 treatment (without FeSO4 fertilizer) significantly. The P2 treatment (250 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) resulted higher yield of corn crop than P0 treatment (without FeSO4 fertilizer) significantly.
Keyword: L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria, available Fe, Fe absorption, Tagog Apu calcareous soil. 182 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT085
THE ROLE OF Crotalaria juncea as SOIL FERTILITY AMELIORANT ON CORN (Zea mays L) FIELD
Titin Sumarni Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia E mail : [email protected]
Abstract
A field eksperiment to study the role of Crotalaria juncea as a soil fertility ameliorant of corn field have been carried out at Jatikerto Malang, 303 m asl., soil pH: 6,2 – 6,7, average daily temperature: 21 – 330C, monthly average rainfall: 100 mm/month, since August 2007 upto March 2008. The Experiment was designed in a factorial RCBD, Factor 1: C. juncea life duration (3,4 and 5 weeks, respectively). Factor 2: C. juncea dosages (10, 20 and 30 ton ha-1) The results showed that C. juncea as green manure may act as a soil ameliorant and improving the soil quality. The soil chemistry was improved: soil organic matter (ranged from 118,5 to 166,7 %); P (23,7 - 53,7 %); CEC (17,6 - 54,5 %).The highest corn yield (8,11 ton ha-1) was of C. juncea at week – 3 and 30 ton ha-1.
Keywords: Crotalaria, ameliorant, green manure
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 183 AGPT088*
STUDY ON O/W EMULSION FORMATION OF SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia Sappan L) EXTRACT FOR USE AS COLOURANTS
Niken Harimurti, Sri Yuliani, Heny Herawati
Balai Besar Litbang Pascapanen Pertanian Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 12 Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu Bogor 16114
Abstract
An emulsion is formed by two immiscible liquids, generally oil and water. Oil forms the dispersed phase, while water act as the continuous phase. In this system, Sappan wood extract is used as an oil phase and emulsified in water with the addition of Tween 80 as a hydrophilic surfactant. In this research, the formation of o/w emulsion was studied. The ratiok of Sappan extract to surfactant used in this study was fixed at 2:3. Emulsification was done using a simultaneous- emulsification technique with a magnetic stirrer at low speed and room temperature. Ternary phase diagram of water/Tween 80/extract system was constructed to describe the phases sequence changed in emulsion formation. The mixture of Sappan wood extract and surfactant was varied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. Observation with polarization microscope showed that the size of emulsion droplets increased with Sappan wood extract consentration increased. Ternary phase diagram described more than 15% extract consentration, in emulsion system started to form phases separation.
Keywords: Study , dye emulsion, formation, Sappanwood extract
184 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT089
THE ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY RESPONSE OF RICE IN JAMBI PROVINCE
Edison1, Andy Mulyana2, Sriati2, and M. Yamin2
1Faculty of Agriculture University of Jambi, Indonesia 2Program Pasca Sarjana University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Abstract
Farmers‘ supply responsiveness and input demand planting wet rice in Jambi Province were estimated using profit function analysis. The objective of study is to analyze wet rice farmers‘ supply response. Research was conducted in Jambi Province in the year of 2010. Result showed that farmers do maximise their profit in short term and response to price changing efficiently. Changing in real wages were estimated to have a greater impact on rice profit and supplies than changes in the real prices of mechanised land preparation, fertilizer or pesticides. Wet rice supply elasticity considering their price was closed to one.
Keywords : supply response, wet rice farming, profit function and elasticity.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 185 AGPT090
THE ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY RESPONSE OF RICE UNDER RISK IN JAMBI PROVINCE
1Saad Murdy, and 1Edison
1Faculty of Agriculture University of Jambi, Indonesia
Abstract
Farmers‘ supply responsiveness planting rice in Indonesian context (Jambi Province) was estimated using Lag Acreage analysis function. The objective of study is to analyse rice farmers‘ supply response under risk. Research was conducted in Jambi Province in the year of 2010. Result showed that The parameter on the risk variable, λ, was greater than zero although it is not significant at the 1% significance level. This indicates that farmers are risk averse, and the risk associated with gross revenue increases, the acreage curve will shift to the left. The paramter of support price programs, ή1, was greater than zero although it is significant at the 10% significance level. This indicates that support price program have caused any distortions in acreage decisions by shifting the rice acreage response curve to the right. The input subsidy program encourages farmers to use more fertilizer and pesticide which increases yields. Since, by using fertilizer, total output of rice is the product of acreage planted. Therefore, the impact of input subsidy program will encourage farmer to increase their output, and shift the output supply curve to the right. Hence, the input subsidy program causes trade distortion by shifting output supply curve to the right.
Keywords : supply response, rice, Land Acreage function, risk
186 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT091*
USING NATURAL PESTICIDE FROM BAMBOO SAWDUST WITH INTEGRATED BAMBOO VINEGAR- CHARCOAL–COMPOST
Mohammad Wijaya.M
Lecturer Department Chemistry Faculty Mathematic and Natural Science, Makassar State University Email ; [email protected] Hp : 081311559934
Abstract
To using bamboo of sawdust it make bamboo vinegar after attention, and usually produced by pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of process become decomposition from hemiseluloce, celluloce, and lignin compound have it raw material. Pyrolysis process tec production bamboo vinegar, charcoal, tar, biofuel etc. The research is used raw material bamboo sawdust at time pyrolysis 110- 500° C it 5 at Hours. Analysis DTA (diferential thermal analysis) of bamboo sawdust showed thermal decompotition of three occurs at 209,8 ; 281,3 and 340,2°C, the decomposition process hemiceluloce, seluloce and lignin. This research as usually produced bamboo vinegar also pyrolysis. and compound chemistry at fraksination potenstial with bamboo sawdust. Also can see from analysis pH,and acid ratio. That the bamboo vinegar yield obtained 12,91 %,18,18 %, 14,94 %,14,17% and 1,15% Acid yield of result pyrolysis bamboo sawdust with reactor produced at temperature 400 C as 17,58 %, Although charcoal produced form pyrolysis process have yield char higher as 33,28 % Using bamboo vinegar of conversi result bamboo sawdust can used for natural pesticide. Identification GC-MS bamboo sawdust product compound potential as acid group is acetate acid. Charcoal were only one alternatife energy at country. Also, char have using efectiv of fictation and in activasi carbon for environmental conservation Compost analysis have ratio C/N BW0, BW1 and BW2 is 56.24 : 28.58 and 32.39. Intgerated bamboo vinegar- charcoal and compost by natural pesticide for cocoa plant and so sustainable agriculture.
Keywords : bamboo waste, pyrolysis, bamboo vinegar- charcoal- compost, natural pesticide
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 187 AGPT092*
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Coleus ambonicus LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIA
1Shasila Tokiran, 1Rozila Alias, 2Quak Siow Chin, 2Chia Jyh Yea, 2Ezni Suryani Idrus and 2Faiza Riza.
1Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Unisel‘s Shah Alam Campus, 7A/A of Zirkon Road, Section 7, 40000 Shah Alam, 2Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, Timur Tambahan Road, Universiti Selangor (Unisel), 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Abstract
Medicinal plants have many traditional claims including the treatment of ailments of infectious origin. In the evaluation of the traditional claims, scientific research is important. Coleus amboinicus plant was scientifically proven to have antioxidant, antifungal, insect anti-feedant and antiseptic character. The aim of this study was in attempt to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of Coleus amboinicus leaves extracts against selected bacteria. In this preliminary investigation, the leaves were used and the crude extracts (methanol and chloroform) were subjected to screening against eighteen strains of bacteria; Bacillus cereus, Bacillus substilis, Enterobacter aerogenus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innucua ATCC 33090, Listeria monocytogenes, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by using standard protocol of disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and proceed with evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth microdilution method and followed by minimal bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) to determine bactericidal and bacteriosatic effects of Coleus amboinicus leaves extracts. In accordance with the results, the chloroform extract and methanol extract of Coleus amboinicus have shown a promising activity. Chloroform extracts were found to showed static effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus substilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes and MRSA ATCC 43300 at MIC value ranged from 9.38-75.00 mg/µl. Meanwhile, methanol extract was effective against Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, MRSA ATCC 43300 and Bacillus substilis at MIC values 37.50-75.00 mg/µl. Interestingly, it also showed bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus with MBC value of 75.00 mg/µl. In conclusion, these data showed Coleus amboinicus possess potential antibacterial activity that forms a basic for further plant derived antibiotic and supplements production.
188 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT093
EVALUATION OF EXTENSION WORKERS‟ ATTITUDE TOWARD INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Putra, R. A. R. S1, 2, J. Udomsade1, and S. Niyamangkoon1
1International Graduate Program in Development Communication, Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahon Yothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2Department of Social Economics, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the access of information channels and attitude of extension workers toward Integrated Farming System (IFS). This study used a survey design. Data were collected from 184 extension workers Sleman and Bantul districts, in Yogyakarta Province. F- test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, were employed to test hypothesis. Results revealed that extension workers accessed agricultural magazine rather than newspaper, journal of agricultural research and internet to gain information toward IFS. It was found that extension workers‘ attitude towards IFS was at high level. Hypotheses testing indicated that extension workers‘ attitude toward IFS by accessing journal of agricultural research was significantly different from which by accessing newspaper, agricultural magazine, and internet.
Keywords: Attitude, Access of Information Channels, Extension workers, Integrated Farming System
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 189 AGPT094*
SULPHUR CONTENT AND SOME SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SULPHUR UPTAKE AND YIELD OF RICE AS THE RESULT OF SULPHUR FERTILIZER AND WATER HYACINTH {Eichhornia crassipes (Martt.) Solm} BOKASHI APPLICATIONS ON CHROMIC HAPLUDERTS
Emma Trinurani Sofyan
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The research were conducted to find out the interaction effect between sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth bokashi on sulphur content and some soil chemical properties,sulphur uptake and yield of rice us the result of sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth {Eichhornia crassipes (Martt.) Solm}bokashi applications on Chromic Hapluderts.The experiment were conducted in the green house and experimental field of Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Bojong Picung sub distric of Ciranjang, District of Cianjur, the Province of West Java, lacated 298 m above sea level. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used factorial pattern repeated three times. The first factor was the dosage of sulphur (S) fertilizer consisted of : without S fertilizer; 20; 40; and 60 kg ha-1 S fertilizer, and the second factor was dosage of water hyacinth bokashi (B) consisted of: without bokashi; 15; 30; and 45 t ha-1 bokashi. Field experiment used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial pattern repeated three times. The first factor was the dosage of sulphur (S) fertilizer consisted of : without S fertilizer; 25; 50; and 75 kg ha-1 S fertilizer, and the second factor was dosage of water hyacinth bokashi (B) consisted of: without bokashi; 15; 30; and 45 t ha-1 bokashi. The preliminary experiment result interaction between sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth 2- bokashi on total S, available SO4 , total N, C-organic, available P, Zn, uptake S, N and yield effect occurred between give an uptake P but not significant on Fe and uptake P. The independent influence sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth bokashi was effect on soil availableP. The analysis respons optimum dosage of sulphur was 45.52 kg ha-1 and bokashi water hyacinth was 35.99 t ha-1 to yield of rice plat obtained was 9.27 t ha-1. The field experiment result interaction between sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth bokashi on total 2- S, available SO4 , total N, C-organic, available P, Zn, uptake S and N, and for other uptake P and yield not significant, but the independent water hyacinth bokashi was effect accured between give an uptake P and yield. The analysis respons optimum dosage of sulphur was 57.31 kg ha-1 and bokashi water hyacinth was 34.42 t ha-1 to yield of rice plat obtained was 7.88 t ha-1. Multiple regretion between respons parameters with yield of rice 2- 2 plant obtained was available P, uptake P, and available SO4 , gave efffect to yield and R = 0.70**, 70 percent gave significant contributions to yield by available P, uptake P, and 2 available SO4 on Chromic Hapluderts.
Key words: Chromic Hapluderts, Rice, Sulphur, Water Hyacinth Bokashi.
190 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT095
EARLY INVESTIGATION ON ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS OF Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. And Listeria sp. ISOLATED FROM „SATAR‟ IN MARANG, TERENGGANU
Lani1, M.N., Nurul Atiqah Ramli1, Roshita Ibrahim2, Rozila Alias3 & Zaiton Hassan4
1Department of Food Science, 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. 3 Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, 78000 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abstract
‗Satar‘ is a popular ready-to-eat (RTE) food in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. ‗Satar‘ is a blend of succulent boneless fish marinated in spices, wrapped in banana leaves, put into skewers and grilled over a flaming charcoal fire. Until now, there is no study has been addressed on the antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. The present study was carried out to isolate the presence of selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella sp., Listeria sp. and Escherichia coli) in raw ‗Satar‘ and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibiotics are used widely to treat infectious diseases of both humans and animals caused by pathogenic microorganisms and the resistance of these pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics may reduce the efficiency of antibiotic treatment to kill these microorganisms. Therefore, early investigations on antibiotic susceptibility tests on selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria were studied on their susceptibility to selected antibiotics: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Results showed that all isolates of these target organisms were resistant to ampicillin, but not resistant to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. However, E. coli and Salmonella isolates were resistant to vancomycin. This is the first study indicated the presence of antibiotic resistant of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. Further study will investigate the susceptibility of foodborne pathogenic bacteria isolated from different locality of ‗Satar‘ premises in Terengganu to different types of antibiotics.
Keyword: ‘Satar’, antibiotic susceptibility, Listeria, Salmonella, E. coli
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 191 AGPT096*
THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY BASED CLEAN WATER SERVICES IN BESAI SUB- WATERSHED, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT
Zainal Abidin*, Maman H. Karmana**, Tuhpawana P. Sendjaja**, and Oktap Ramlan Madkar*** * Doctoral Student at the Graduate School of Padjadjaran University ** Professor at Department of Socio-Economic of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University ***Professor at Department of Agronomy, Padjadjaran University
Abstract
Clean water supply is one of important environmental service from watershed system. However, water resource has always been undervalued as compare to its benefits for human and social life. This study intended to investigate the benefit of of various types of clean water services organizations. The study employed cost benefit, consumer surplus, and net present value to examine community based water resource organizations financial performance. The study involved four types of environmental services organizations. Sensitivity analysis is applied to determine water service fee that match with financial conditions. The study suggests that each type of community based water service organizations has its characteristics in terms of providing water services and its benefits to consumers. Such organization faced problems of determining proper service charges to its /customer. Community based water services organizations mostly in deficit operation due mainly to low service charges and high operational costs.
Keywords: Cost benefit analysis, environmental services, consumer surplus
192 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT097
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LOCAL GROUNDNUT VARITIES BASED ON AGRONOMIC AND PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS
Sesilia Anita Wanget 1 & Agung Karuniawan2 Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia Lab. Plant Breeding- Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
Research carried out on 18 accessions of peanut plants which is a collection of the Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University in Bandung. Research conducted at the Experiment Garden, Padjadjaran University Faculty of Agriculture, Ciparanje, Sumedang, West Java. The experiment was conducted in March-June 2011. Using Block Randomized Design methods trial conducted, with two replications. The results showed that each of displays based on the innate character of the area of origin, especially for characters accession resistant to disease. Characters such as seed color are not affected by environmental factors (different locations). As for the character of the age of flowering, plant height and viability showed the appearance of which varies in different accessions. Each accession gives a different response to attacks by broom disease. Thus, a collection of peanut accessions showed that there is a unique genetic diversity.
KeyWords : character, unique, accesion
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 193 AGPT098
MORPHOLOGY CHARACTER PERFORMANCE OF SOME PROMISING CLONES OF Polianthus tuberosa
Donald Sihombing1, Wahyu Handayati1 & S. Kartikaningrum2
1). East Java Assesment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Raya Karangploso Km 4 Malang Indonesia 2). Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Jl Raya Ciherang, PO Box 8 Sdl Cipanas Indonesia 43253 e-mail : [email protected]
Abstract
To find out of morphology character performance and to get a superior clone of Polianthus tuberosa, an experiment was conducted from July 2005 to July 2006 at Ciseupan, Cugenang Cianjur (500 m above seas level). Randomized block design with three replication was used. As a treatment were the promising clones i.e. clone no. 28 (single petal), no. 75 (single petal), no. 219 (double petal), no. 297 (double petal), no. 301 (single petal), no. 309 (double petal) and three comparison cultivars i.e. cv. Pasuruan 1 (single flower), c.v. Pasuruan 2 (semi double flower) and cv. Cianjur (double flower). The result showed that the clones‘ no. 219 and no. 297 more superior to the other promising clones and all comparison cultivars in the flower character morfology and flower performance.
Keywords: Polianthus tuberosa, promising clones, morpholog , flower performance
194 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT099
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC APPEARANCE OF SOME GENOTYPES OF Polianthes tuberosa HYBRID
Donald Sihombing1, Wahyu Handayati1 and S. Kartikaningrum2
1). East Java Assesment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Raya Karangploso Km 4, PO Box 188 Malang 65101 Indonesia 2). Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Jl Raya Ciherang, PO Box 8 Sdl Cipanas 43253 Indonesia e-mail : [email protected]
Abstract.
To determine genetic variability and phenotypic appearance of some genotypes Polianthes tuberose hybrid, an experiment was conducted in the farmers' fields at Cugenang village Cianjur West Java (600 m asl) since August 2004 to August 2005. In this experiment, a randomized block design with 3 replications was used. As the treatment are 29 genotypes of hybrid Polianthes. The results showed that Polianthes parental have a narrow variability. Furthermore, based on the phenotypic performance evaluation in several characters, especially in the arrangements of flowers; and flower stalks straightness and rigidness, it was found six the best genotypes i.e., genotype no. 28, no. 75, no. 219, no. 297, no. 301 and no. 309.
Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa, genotypes, genetic variability, phenotypic appearance.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 195 AGPT100
OPTIMIZING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION TO SUPPORT FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM IN INDONESIA
Tarya Sugarda & Sri Fatimah
Lab. Communication, Faculty of Agriculture-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia. Contact Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Food security became one of the main currently issues in the midst of other global issues like climate change and environmental problems of natural balance. The important role of extensions in maintaining the productivity of farmers are therefore crucial. However problems perceived by extensions are that they can not provide full service because of limited number. This paper aims to find out how the role and the expected farmer extension services in the context of maintaining food production towards food security. Descriptive analysis to be used to overview the current issues in extension program internationally as well as nationally. Cases of farmer's perception of effort to produce environmentally-based agricultural activities by exploring the view of farmers in some cases in the District of West Java namely: Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Sukabumi. The findings reveal that the real role of farmer extension in agriculture is changing that adjust to political and development paradigm to adapt with external pressure. In the case of SRI (System Rice Intensification) it is shown how there is extended function of extension. They have been function the motivator, initiator and facilitator as well as play a role in the marketing activities of SRI rice. Along with the increasing awareness of farmers about the dangers posed long-term conventional farming and organic rice prices are high, there is incentive to adopt a new method called SRI. The main conclusion of this study is first extension workers and other interested parties need to understand the factors that lead to change in the extension role. Second, agricultural extension may posed with situation where food security effort may confront to the environment interest.
Keywords: food security, adjustment, role of extension environmental awareness.
196 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT101*
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND GENOTYPE BY SEASON INTERACTION ON MORPHOLOGY, YIELD COMPONENT, AND YIELD CHARACTER OF 61 GROUNDNUT GENOTYPE (Arachis hypogaea L.) At Jatinangor.
Hawan Mugni Raharjo
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran University, Bandung
Abstract
Plant breeder has great concern on genotype by environment interaction (G x E). The existence of G x E interaction complicates the plant breeding goals, however, analysis of G x E interaction is widely used to predict adaptability and stability of plant genotype. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD), consisting 61 genotype as treatment with two replications in two season to get the information about genotype x season yield component and yield character of 61 groundnut genotype (Arachis hypogaea L.). The characters observed were morphology, yield components and yield. Statistical analysis applied were analysis of variance, and combined analysis of variance. Result of the experiment showed that interaction effect of genotype x season on 100 seed weieght and seed weight per plot. Genotypes which had higher value than the average tested genotype of 100 seed weight in first season are Baturaja B, Tondegesan merah, Griya, Kidang, Gajah, and Garut 3. For seed weight per plot genotypes which had higher value are Garut 1, Baturaja B, and Badak.. Besides that for second season genotypes which had higher value than the average tested genotype of 100 seed weight are Landak, Tondegesan merah, Madura 3,and Gajah. Main effects of genotypes and season were found on stem length, seed weight per plant, and number of pod per plant. Whereas for relationship tested in this experiment Groundnut genotypes had close relationship.
Keyword : Genotype, G x E, Relationship
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 197 AGPT102*
THE EFFECTS OF IMPORT TARIFF ON DEMAND AND FARM PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
Eti Suminartika (1).
Email: [email protected]; Agricultural Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Jl Raya Jatinangor Km 21 Ujungberung BANDUNG 40 600-INDONESIA HP: 0858 6161 1005, 0821 1900 7050
Abstract
Soybean industry plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. For many years, the country has an excess demand of soybean. Indonesian government has chosen to import soybean to meet the shortage of the domestic supply. However, the import has increased rapidly over the years. This dependency has become a serious problem in maintaining food security in the country. The general objective of this study is to investigate why the domestic demand of soybean relies on the imported soybean. Further, there are four specific objectives. First, this study attempt to determine factors that affect to import demand of soybean. Second, it is carried out to analyze the effect of import tariff on the soybean industry in the country. Third, it is an attempt to estimate the producers‘ surplus and lastly, it is done to analyze the productivity of soybean farming in the country. In this study, the market model of soybean industry, estimated by the two stages least squares method is used to determine factors that affect the import demand of soybean. The model is simulated by increasing import tariff so that its effect on soybean industry can be measured. Tariff has an effect on welfare, so the producer surplus‘ analysis is carried out to estimate the producer‘s net gain. Finally, this study uses the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) (deterministic frontier analysis) analysis in order to determine the productivity growth of the soybean farming. The result of this study shows that increases in income and price of corn (substitute commodity) lead to a rise in import demand. On the other hand, an increase in import tariff will cause import demand decline. As import demand decline, the price of soybean will raise, resulting in an increase in domestic production. Moreover, an increase in tariff will increase the producer‘ welfare. Lastly, there was some evidence of growth in TFP of soybean farming in Indonesia during period of analysis, particularly in the non Java region. As the growth was found to be contributed by technological progress, the government should develop these regions by improving the related farming technology (seed fertilizer and pesticide)
198 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia
AGPT103
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF THE DEGRADED LAND IN TEMANGGUNG
Titiek Yulianti1, Nurul Hidayah1, and Djajadi1
1Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute Jl. Raya Karangploso PO BOX 199 Malang East Java 65152
Abstract
Tobacco is a major commodity in Temanggung. The crop has been cultivated for many years particularly in Mt. Sumbing and Sindoro slopes resulting in land degradation. The quality of the soil was very poor since it loses its nutriets and organic matter due to continuously erode. The microbial diversity and activities also decline. The conditions led to accumulation of soil borne pathogens, such as Ralstonia solanacearum and Meloidogyne spp. To determine the soil microbial diversity in various cropping systems in Temanggung District, we took 65 samples from 12 kecamatan. Each sample comprised of 500 g soil taken from rhizosphere zone (0-25 cm depth), the surrounded vegetation and its cropping system were recorded. Estimation of microbial (actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi) population was done using dilution method in selective media. The result showed that in sloppy areas, where high erosion occurred, organic content and microbial population were low, even in some areas bacterial or fungal population was not detected. This result indicated that degradaded soil led to diminish soil microbial population.
Keywords: microbial population, cropping system, tobacco
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 199 AGPT104
IN VITRO SCREENING OF MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS FOR CHARCOAL ROT FUNGUS (Rhizoctonia bataticola)
Hidayah, N.1, T. Yulianti1 & K. S. Wijayanti1
1Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute Jl. Raya Karangploso PO BOX 199 Malang East Java 65152,
Abstract
Rhizoctonia bataticola, the causal agent of charcoal rot disease, is a serious fungal pathogen infecting various sorts of plants, such as cotton, soybean, peanut, physic nut, sunflower, castor bean, tobacco, and so on. Sometimes, the use of fungicides is not effective, therefore this disease is very difficult to control. Scientists are now seeking for alternative control by using microbial antagonist. It is not only environmentally friendly but also gives early protection to plant from the attack of the pathogen. The objective of this research is to screen microbial antagonists for control R. bataticola. The antagonistic microbes were isolated from the soil and various sources of organic matter by using serial dilution methods on Martin Agar medium (MA) for fungi and Tryptic Soy Agar medium (TSA) for bacteria. The isolated microbes were assessed against R. bataticola to identify their potency as antagonist using dual culture method on agar plate. Twenty eight fungi and thirteen bacteria were capable of antagonists against R. bataticola. It is considered that the mechanism of antagonisms were antibiosis, competition, and parasitism.
Keywords: Rhizoctonia bataticola, microbial antagonist, charcoal rot.
200 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT105
A TREND SHIFT ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF YOUNG PEOPLE FROM RICE TO POTATO AND ITS DETERMINING FACTORS *
Yosini Deliana 1& Ryan Hutomo Suhardi 2
1,2 Lab. Agribusiness Management – University padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia Email : [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Potato can support food security and food diversification program. Currently, the national per capita rice consumption fell 1.4 percent from 2009 to 2010. This shows a trend shift in consumption patterns of Indonesia people. The purpose of this study is to determine the shift in consumption patterns of young people from consuming rice to potato and the factors that determine it. Research site is specified in Clemmons branch of Bandung Indah Plaza(BIP). The sample is performed by using random sampling method. Data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies are used to 30 respondents. Descriptive analysis is being used in the analysis. The results of this study show that there is a trend shift in consumption patterns of young people from rice to potato happening at lunchtime. Shift in consumption patters are common in young women aged 12-17 years, both in quantity and intensity. Factor affecting this shift is not related to the family preferences, although they are the first who introduce the potato. Psychological factors such as practicality in buying are the most dominant factors, followed by social and other factors.
Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Rice, Potato, Young People
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 201 AGPT106
CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) IN WEST JAVA
Windhy Chandria1,Tia Setiawati2,Azis Natawijaya3,Neni Rostini4,Suseno Amien4 &Agung Karuniawan4
1 Msc Student of Plant Breeding at Faculty of Agriculture University of Padjadjaran, Bandung 2Lecture Biology at Faculty of Science and Mathematics University of Padjadjaran, Bandung 3Msc Student of Plant Breeding at Faculty of Agriculture Bogor University of Agriculture, Bogor 4Lecture Plant Breeding at Faculty of Agriculture University of Padjadjaran, Bandung
Abstract
Genetic diversity is an illustration of the degree of relationship within a population. Estimated levels of genetic diversity can be done in conventional (phenotypic) and non-conventional (cytogenetic). Diversity of character will be determined how the relationship among the individuals studied species based on the level of similarity and dissimilarity. Sweet potato in West Java is very diverse, but there is no sufficient data on its genetic variation. The cytogenetic studies of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) useful to support breeding programs, indirectly increased knowledge of the genetic structure of plant, or directly through their application of cytogenetic techniques for crop improvement. Karyotype analysis of sweet potato is the number of chromosomes and the phenotype of the chromosome complement as seen at mitotic metaphase has been done by squash-acetoorcein method. Shape and size of metaphase chromosomes were successfully determinate. By observing the chromosome a collection of Laboratory Breeding Program of germplasm of sweet potato of Cilembu, Japan and other local cultivar groups had tetraploid chromosomes number (2n=4x=60). Karyotype‘s formula was same, Cilembu, Japan and other local cultivar had karyotype‘s formula 2n= 4x=60=60m. It was found that the chromosome lengtht of sweet potato from West Java were between 0.40μm-2.90 μm. This showed that all who observed had high genetic diversity characters of sweet potato.
Keyword : Ipomoea batatas, chromosome, karyotype, diversity, West Java
202 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT107*
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF CABBAGE THROUGH SUSTAINABLE GROWING CROP MANAGEMENT: THE EFFECT ON CROP GROWTH, PRODUCTION, CROP QUALITY AND POPULATION OF INSECT PESTS
Sigit Sudjatmiko, Burhannudin Toha, Zainal Muktamar, Hidayat
Authors addresses: Departemen Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu. Jl. Raya Kandang Limun Bengkulu - 38371.A, Indonesia (Correspondence to Sigit Sudjatmiko. e-mail: [email protected])
Abstract
The growing concerns on the vegetables quality in respect to free pesticides need to be followed by series of research comparing many different techniques of growing the plants. The present research has evaluated the quality of cabbage in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu Province of Indonesia. The cabbage was subjected to three different growing techniques management, i.e. Organic, Integrated Pest Management, and Conventional, and the research was conducted at two different growing time of planting. The result showed that at the second season (dry season), regardless the growing techniques management, significantly improved the height of plant, the diameter of crop and consequently improved the weight of crop/area. Interaction were found between growing techniques management and time of planting, in which during the first growing season the plants cultivated in Integrated Pest Management and Conventional growing techniques had higher number of leaves, but it did not improve the diameter of crop. Surprisingly, the growing technique management did not affect the insecticide residues in the sample crops. In addition, the nematodes in the soil that survive during the two growing seasons have decreased in number.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 203 AGPT108*
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ASSOCIATION OF WEED IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS PTPN VIII SUBANG, WEST JAVA
Suarna Samai 1,2), Amir Hamzah Soemintapoera3), Oktap Ramlan Mdkar3), and Agung Karuniawan 4)
1)Part of a PhD thesis of the first author at Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung 2)Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Haluoleo Kendari, Sulawesi, email: [email protected] 3) Laboratory of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung 4) Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, email: [email protected] Correspondent author: [email protected]
Abstract
The research was done in Oil Palm plantations PTPN VIII Subang, West Java in March 2010 to November 2010. The objectives of this research were : to importance value of species, association index of species and distribution pattern of species. This research used the quadrat method. The determination of the species distribution was calculated using Poisson distribution formula and the determination of association was calculated using contingency table. The results of this research indicate that, there are 41 species including 15 familiy. The importance value was between 0.754 - 18.408 and the species with highest importance value is Echinocloa colonum (L) Link, Basilicum polystachiyon (L) Moench dan Crassocephalum crepidioides. (Benth). The distribution patterns indicate that 32 (78,049%) in a clumped, 6 (14.634 %) species are in a regular, and 3 (7.317%) species were at random distribution pattern. The determine the association index Agratum conyzoides pair indicated that 1 spesies were very high category association index is Borreria alata (Aubl). DC., Axonophus compresus (SW) Beavis. And 4 species were lower category of association index is Asystasia intrusa (Bl.), Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Paspalum conjugatum. Berg, Melastoma affine Linn and Setaria pallide-fusca (Schom). Stapf & Hubb
Key words: Agratum conyzoides, distribution pattern, association index of species and Oil Palm plantations
204 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT109*
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR HIGH SUGAR CONTENT OF SWEET SORGHUM BASED ON GENETIC CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS
Lisna Khoirunnisa, Anas, Meddy Rachmadi
Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Campus Jatinangor Ujungberung Bandung 40600 Author for Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
Increased human awareness to use renewable energy especially transportation fuels, requires development of higher sugar content of crops. Determination of effective traits for indirect selection of high sugar content is very important in sweet sorghum breeding program. This research was aimed to determine secondary trait for selection criteria of high sugar content based on genetic correlation and path coefficient analysis. Field experiments were carried out during rainy season (December 2008 – April 2009) and dry season (July – November 2009) at Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. Experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using five sweet sorghum cultivars as treatment in five replications. The result showed that leaves number and ear weight could be used as selection criteria for high sugar content. However, high direct effect of leaves number was counter-balanced by negative indirect effect of plant height. The coefficient of phenotypic correlation was in line with coefficient of genetic correlation. Significant negative of genetic correlation (-0,56*) was showed by leaves number. This suggested that leaves position determined effective rate of photosynthesis. Direct effect of ear weight was negative to sugar content in two season (- 0767 and – 0,638). It was also showed by significant negative genetic correlation (-0,95*) of ear weight in dry season.
Key words: genetic correlation, path analysis, sugar content, sweet sorghum. ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 205 AGPT110
FOOD SECURITY IN NATURAL DISASTER PRONE AREA (THE CASE OF LANDSLIDE DISASTER IN CIBINONG SUB-DISTRICT, CIANJUR, WEST JAVA)
Eliana, W., H. Hapsari, P. Pardian & D. Esperanza
Lecturer in Department of Agro Socio Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract
Food security is a condition where food for domestic needs is fulfilled as measured in the availability both in quantity and quality, safety, equitability, and affordability. This study aims to identify community food security conditions after the occurrence of landslide natural disaster and recommend efforts that need to be conducted in coping with food security problems affecting the victims in the Cibinong sub-district, Cianjur. The research was conducted in Cibinong sub-district, Cianjur, specifically in Cikangkareng and Pamoyanan Village using survey research method. Data and information processing was using descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results showed that rice as staple foods for the people of the Cikangkareng and Pamoyanan Village is available both before and after the occurrence of natural disaster. Yet the availability of starchy, tempe, tofu, eggs, milk and chicken or beef declined after the natural disaster. Staple foods, side dishes and fruits could easily be obtained either before or after the natural disaster occurs, nonetheless the price of daily necessities was relatively high. Quality of consumed food before and after the natural disaster was good and safe. Government assistance for natural disaster victims in Cikangkareng and Pamoyanan Village was less effective and uneven. Based on the results of in- depth interviews, respondents stated that only residents who have close relationship with local government and village officials received such assistance. While many who were the victims with suffered losses did not get appropriate help. Researcher recommendation was for improvements in the management of community food security programs that include the need for barns program to be actively managed and sustainable, the government needs to encourage the food diversification program so that the public better aware of alternative staple foods other than rice, also management and supervision systems of aid distribution need to be addressed in order to achieve a just and equitable society.
Keywords: Food Security, Natural Disaster Prone Area
206 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT112
FOOD SECURITY IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY IN ASEAN REGION*)
By : Hariyati, Y and Raharto, S1
1Social Economic of Agriculture-Jember University, Jember 68121, Indonesia
Abstract
FAO has been given clear definition about food security, that it is the condition of food needs with good nutrition, good in quantity, and can be accepted on consumable and cultural aspect can be fulfilled. There are four components of food security in Indonesia, including: availability, access, quality and security / safety. This paper aims to describe the condition of availability of food, mainly rice, corn and wheat, in the various ASEAN members as well as some of its activities to maintain the availability of food in order to achieve food security conditions. This research uses descriptive method. In conclusion, among others: the challenges of food availability Indonesia and other ASEAN countries is the dependency of food to non-ASEAN countries, the shift from rice to non-food primary grain rice that is not produced in most of ASEAN countries. Opportunities ASEAN in achieving food security is to dointegrate fellow ASEAN countries to mutually support the needs of food, so food prices are not "tricked" by the exporter countries of the world.
Keywords: Food security, ASEAN, challenge, opportunity
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 207 AGPT113
SOIL MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION IN VARIOUS TYPES OF LAND USE IN THE NORTH BANDUNG
Muhammad Amir Solihin & Betty Natalie
Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor – 45363 E-mail : [email protected]
Abstract
North Bandung area is an upland agricultural area that has been cultivated for a long time. However, its utilization has not noticed an optimal sustainability of land productivity. One of the biophysical potential of land that is important for the optimization of agricultural land in this region is soil microbes. The research was conducted in the area of Lembang District on 14.492 acres. The research method used in the form of survey research with land use analysis using satellite imagery interpretation results, the analysis of land units using the analytic approach with the help of GIS and analysis to determine the distribution of soil microbial diversity and its potential in the study locations. The results showed several types of microbes have a diverse biodiversity on a variety of land units and land use. The potential of high soil microbes contained in an area of 5020.23 hectares (34.64%), potentially being in an area of 2309.86 hectares (15.94%), and potentially lower area of 2362.76 ha (16.30%) . The existence of potential biophysical diversity can thus be used for the development of organic-based farming in North Bandung Area in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: Land Biophysic Potential, Soil Microbial, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System, Agriculture potency, Sustainable Agriculture
208 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT115
THE EFFECT OF AZOLLA DOSAGE AND APPLICATION METHOD ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE ( Oryza sativa L.)
Husni Thamrin Sebayang1, Titik Islami2 & Dhian Salamawati3
1,2,3Agriculture Faculty-Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
Abstract
An experiment to study the effect of azolla dosage and application method on the growth and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L) has been conducted at Dadaprejo Village, Junrejo Sub District, Batu Region on altitude ± 500 metres above sea level , since on Januari until Mei 2010. The experiment design used in a Non Faktorial Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and three replicated. The 10 treatments were:D0 = without azolla, D1 = azolla fresh sowed in rice field, 3 ton ha-1, D2 = azolla fresh sowed in rice field, 6 ton ha- 1, D3= azolla fresh sowed in rice field, 9 ton ha-1 , D4 = azolla fresh incoporated in the soil, 3 ton ha-1, D5 = azolla fresh incoporated in the soil, 6 ton ha-1, D6 = azolla fresh incoporated in the soil , 9 ton ha-1, D7 = azolla compost, 3 ton ha-1 , D8 = azolla compost, 6 ton ha-1, D9 = azolla compost, 9 ton ha-1. The result showed that azolla compost significant effect on vegetative growth and yield of lowland rice. Azolla compost at 6 ton ha-1 and 9 ton ha-1 dosage did not significant effect on yield of lowland rice, 5,89 and 6,52 ton ha-1 respectively.
Keywords : azolla , dosage, aplication method , lowland rice
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 209 AGPT116
WATER BALANCED ANALISYS TO AVAILABLE GROWING SEASON AT SUNGAI PINANG DISTRICT- EAST KALIMANTAN
Akas Pinaringan Sujalu
Faculty of Agriculture, 17th August 1945 University of Samarinda, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda 75123 Mp 081545995696; Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This geographical Sungai Pinang District area position 0o17‘30‖- 0o30‘00‖ LS dan 117o06‘00‖-117o22‘00‖ BT, with the 34.165 Ha. Characteristics of rain this area included in he Area Class III (1500 – 2000 mm/ year). With the Bimodel or Double Wave rainfall models with C patern. The hight rainfall depth periode at December and April, therefore the low rainfall depth at September and November. Have level Q = 9.2 %, or rainfall tipe A (very wet area with tropical wet vegetation) and E1 agroclimte zone. Water Balance monthly indicated that this area have potential growing season about 9 months, have to water surplus 8 month (472, 6 mm year-1) and water deficits about 3 months (44.5 mm/year).
Keywords : Water Balanced, Growing Season
210 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT117
EFFECT OF NUTRITION TO INSECT POLLINATED TOMATOES AT LABORATORY SCALE
Kinasih1, I., R. E. Putra2, & S. Susanti2
1Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Bandung Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung 2School of Life Sciences and Technology- Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung , Indonesia,
Abstrak
Researches already showed insect pollination as main factor of fruit formation. Insect mediated pollination believed able to increase numbers of seed and amount of fruit body. However, not many researches consider about the effect of nutrition to outcome of insect pollination. This research tries to answer the question on this matter using tomato as model plant. Results showed that fertilizer did not affect number and weight of fruit produced. On the other hand, there was no significant different on diameter of fruit between insect pollinated fruits and non insect pollinated fruits (32.19 ± 4.16 mm and 30.78 ± 2.47 mm, respectively) for plant with fertilizer while it was significantly different for plant without fertilizer (30.56 ± 4.18 mm and 22.16 ± 9.99 mm). This research also showed low correlation between nutrition on diameter of fruit produced by insect pollinated (30.56 ± 4.18 mm and 32.19 ± 4.16 mm between plant without additional nutrition and plant with additional nutrition, respectively) while the opposite happened on non insect pollinated plants (22.16 ± 9.99 mm and 30.78 ± 2.47 mm between plant without additional nutrition and plant with additional nutrition, respectively). Even though this research showed that nutrition may reduce detrimental effect of lack of pollination, yet it is needed to conduct further study on bigger scale to prove the hypothesis.
Keywords: Tomato, Pollination, Nutrition, Fruit Diameter
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 211 AGPT118
GROWTH AND YIELD OF TWO SOYBEAN CULTIVARS USED SEED AFTER THREE MONTHS STORAGE PERIOD1
Sumadi
Laboratory of Seed Technology, Department of Agronomy , Faculty of Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran - Bandung.
Abstract
The objective of this research is to determine the effect of quality seed and two cultivars Anjasmoro Sindoro after three-month storage period on growth and yield. The research was conducted in the experiment station and laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from June 2009 - November 2009. The design of the experiment used a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is a cultivar, Anjasmoro and Sindoro, and the subplot is the dose of clove oil consists of six levels, ie, without clove oil (stored in a refrigerator and stored at room temperature conditions), clove oil dose of 0.5 mL kg -1 seed, 1.0 mL kg-1 seed, 1.5 mL kg-1 seed and 2.0 mL kg-1 . Five couples of Callosobruchus maculatus F are invested into the plastic bag. Furthermore, after a period of storage seed planting in polybag containing 3 kg soil in the experiment station. Polybag arrange according to treatment design. Results of this research showed that the use of clove oil until 2 mL kg-1 was not significant effect on growth of vegetative and even on reproductive. Cultivar Anjasmoro and Sindoro have been stored for three months with various doses of clove oil treatments and all treatments capable producing seeds that approached the potential yield. The seeds are appropriate stored at room temperature for 3 months the quality was not significantly different with seed stored in the refrigerator on growth and yield of plants.
Key word : Storage periode, Clove oil, soybean seed, growth, yield
212 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT119
RESPONSE OF GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF PAKCHOY (Brassica campestris L., CHINENSIS GROUP) TO ZEOLIT AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION AT ULTIOSOL JATINANGOR
Yayat Rochayat*, Anne Nuraini* & Saorlina Hutagalung **
Faculty of Agriculture The University of Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor Bandung e-mail : dryayat [email protected]
* Lecturers of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD ** Alumni of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD
Abstract
This research were aimed to find out the response of growth, yield and quality pakchoy plant (Brassica campestris L., Chinensis Group) to zeolit and organic fertilizer application at Ultisol Jatinangor, along with to find out the dosage of zeolit and organic fertilizer give the best of growth, yield and quality pakchoy plant result gift zeolit and organic fertilizer at Ultiosol Jatinangor. This research was done in May 2010 to June 2010, at green house of Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Subdistrict Jatinangor – Regency Sumedang with an altitude of about 700 m above sea level (dpl) and soil order is ultisol with the type of climate building on fall of rain including C3 based on Oldeman classification. Experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consist of ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were as follows: without zeolit and organic fertilizer, 0,75 g/polibeg zeolit + 15 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 1,5 g/polibeg Zeolit + 15 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit + 15 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 0,75 g/polibeg Zeolit + 30 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 1,5 g/polibeg Zeolit + 30 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit + 30 g/ organic fertilizer, 0,75 g/polibeg Zeolit + 45 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 1,5 g/polibeg Zeolit + 45 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit +45 g/polibeg organic fertilizer. The research shown that zeolit and organic fertilizer application at Ultisol Jatinangor gave effect on growth and yield . The dosage of 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit + 45 g/polibeg organic fertilizer gave better effect on plant height, leaf wide and yield.
Keywords : Pakchoy, zeolit, organic fertilizer, Ultisol, growth, yield, quality ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 213 AGPT121
THE EFFECT OF Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) (Lecythidaceae) SEED EXTRACT ON Spodoptera litura FABRICIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Danar Dono1), Andang Purnama1), & Delia Novianti Sukatwoko2)
1)Lecturer of Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. 2)Alumnus of Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Abstract
Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae) seed extract has insecticidal activity, however it effect on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is not obtained yet. The effect of B. asiatica seed extract on S. litura mortality and oviposition were tested at Pesticide and Application Technic Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, during December 2010 to March 2011 (700 m above sea level). Experiment on toxicity test consisted of treatment: B. asiatica seed extract at concentration of 0.05%; 0.10%; 0.21%; 0.42%; 0.85% and control. Each of treatment was replicated three times. Treatment was done to get LC50, LT50 analyzed by probit analysis, and also determine the leaf area of feed consumed, weight and time of growth on S. litura larvae were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan multiple range test. The effect of B. asiatica seed extract on S. litura adult oviposition was done by spraying extract at concentration of 0.11%; 0.25%; 0.54% (equal with LC25, LC50 and LC75) and control on taro leaf. Data oviposition test were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan multiple range test. The result showed that B. asiatica seed extract were toxic on S. litura larvae with LC50 value at 12 days after application of 0.25%. Beside toxic, extract at concentration of 0.85% inhibit feeding activity (antifeedant), reduce weight and extend time of growth on S. litura larvae. B. asiatica seed extract treatment at concentration of 0.54% (equal with LC75) inhibited oviposition of S. litura adult.
Keywords: Barringtonia asiatica, Spodoptera litura, mortality, lethal concentration, oviposition
214 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT122*
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRYING TECHNIQUE ON PHYTOCHEMICAL RETENTION OF MISAI KUCING (Orthosipon Stamineus)
Rosalizan Md Saleh, Syukri Mohd Ali, Ahmad Tarmizi Sapii, Rasali Musa, Osman Mamat
Rice & Industrial Crops Research Centre Malaysian Agriculture Research & Development Institute (MARDI), MARDI Headquarters, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email : [email protected]
Abstract
Drying is very important as a preservation technique to prolong shelf life of crop after harvest. In freshly harvested herbs such as misai kucing, the presence of water hastens phytochemical degradation due to enzymatic processes. Drying could also result in loss of phytochemical and flavour. Drying process must be carried out as evenly as possible and need to be completed fast. Inadequate drying will give rise to microbial infection, whereas over drying will result in drastic phytochemical loss. Most herbs such as misai kucing should be dried to less than 10% moisture content to be in equilibrium with room/ambient‘s humidity and temperature, i.e. moisture content safe for storage condition. Although, drying at low temperature of 50°C to 60°C could potentially reduces phytochemical loss, but the long drying time needed had caused drastic loss of phytochemical. So, the objective of this experiment is to evaluate the retention of phytochemical in misai kucing by using different drying technique. Freshly harvested misai kucing was dried using different type of dryer namely fluidized bed dryer (FBD), low temperature-low humidity dryer (LTLH), barn dryer, solar dryer and freeze dryer. Freeze drying has shown highest retention of phytochemical with longer drying time as compared with FBD, LTLH and barn dryer but this technique is very expensive in term of energy consumption. The dryer with fastest drying rate is fluidized bed dryer but the loss of total flavonoids is almost halves as compared with freeze dryer. Solar dryer has shown good retention of phytochemical such as total phenolics, total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity as compared with other dryer(s) and the drying time is longest among others. So base on that, it is recommended to dry misai kucing using solar dryer because this technique is cheapest with zero operating cost.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 215 AGPT124
EMPOWERMENT MODEL OF THE POOR IN DISASTER PRONE AREAS IN SELO SUB DISTRICT, BOYOLALI DISTRICT AS EFFORT TO REALIZE LIVESTOCK AGROTOURISM
Emawati1, S. & E.T. Rahayu2
1, 2 Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine a model formulation of the empowerment of the poor in an effort to realize the optimization potential of the livestock agrotourism farms with local resources. Expected outcomes of this research is the publication of scientific journals of local / national and the formulation of a model of empowerment of the poor in disaster-prone areas as an effort to create the livestock agrotourism. The method to determine the location and sampling of respondents is to cluster sampling technique (sampling area). This research uses research explanations. To determine the empowerment of communities to use the method of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA). PRA and RRA is a method that puts the community as researchers, planners, implementers, as the appraisal of development programs so that researchers and stakeholders who are involved as facilitators and community as the implementer. Data collection technique is to observation, documentation, interviews and focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that models of community development should be formulated from a combination or blend of the physical capital factor, human capital, social capital, capability of empowerment and the empowerment process can be realized. The goal is to create an empowered community, strength and capable of helping themselves. The results showed that the models which is formulated in an effort to realize agrotourism farms in disaster prone areas in Selo Sub District, Boyolali District is Crop-Livestock System Model. The farm recommendations which attempted to run its business is PFH beef cattle fattening.
Keywords: Community empowerment, Empowerment models, Poverty, Disaster Prone Areas, FGD
216 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT125
APPLICATIONS OF N, P, K AND EMAS BIOFERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AT JELEKONG, BANDUNG.
Djasmara 1), S., A. W. Irwan 2) & K. Saifullah 3)
1,2,3 Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363,Indonesia.
Abstract
The purpose of trial was to find out the best applications of Emas plus several dosages of NPK on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Situ Bagendit variety. Emas is a PT. Bio Industri Nusantara product which contained Azotobacter beijerinckii as a nitrogen-binding bacteria and soil aggregate ameliorant, Azospirillum lipoverum as a atmospheric nitrogen binding baceria, Aeromonas punctata as a phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and Aspergillus niger as a soil aggregate improver. The trial was carried out at the Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University at Jelekong, Bale Endah, Bandung at the altitude of 672 m above sea level. Trial was conducted from Januari to April 2005. Randomnized Block Design was used in this trial with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were: A = No fertilizer applications as a control, B = Full dosage of NPK (200 kg ha-1 Urea + 85 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 50 kg ha-1 KCl), C = Full dosage of NPK (200 kg ha-1 Urea + 85 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 50 kg ha-1 KCl) + 60 kg ha-1 Emas biofertilizer, D = ¾ dosage of NPK (150 kg ha-1 Urea + 63,75 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 37,5 kg ha-1 KCl) + 60 kg ha-1 Emas, E = ½ dosage of NPK (100 kg ha-1Urea + 42,5 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 25 kg ha-1 KCl) + 60 kg ha-1 Emas. The results showed that all NPK treated plots and NPK plus Emas combinations plots were higher on plant height, leaf area index, number of panicles per hill, number of filled grains per panicle, weight of 1000 filled grains, milled grain dry weight per plot compared to control (no fertilizer applications). Full NPK dosage compared to NPK plus Emas combination treatments were non significant.
Keywords: Lowland rice, Situ Bagendit, NPK, Emas biofertilizer
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 217 AGPT127
THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOPERIOD, IAA, AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON SOYBEAN PLANT AND THEIR EFFECT TO SEED QUALITY
Rudi Hartawan
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Batanghari University, Jambi e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of photoperiod, indole acetic acid, and phosphorus on soybean plant and seed composition and seed quality during storage. The trial was carried out at Sebapo Experimental Station, Jambi, Center for Post Harvest Research and Development, The Ministry of Agriculture and Center for Forest Research and Development, The Ministry of Forestry, Bogor from November 2009 until June 2010. The experimental design used was factorial experiment in split-split plot design consisted of three factors, i.e photoperiod (12 and 14 hours 54 minutes) as the main plot, concentrations of IAA (0, 75, and 150 ppm) as sub plot, and -1 dosages of phosphorus (0, 60, and 120 kg P2O5 ha ) as sub sub plot. The result showe that photoperiod, IAA, and phosphorus had significant effect on seed composition and seed quality. The path analysis and step up regression showed that the seed protein content has the largest coefficient compared to other variables. The treatment of soybean plant with 14 hours 54 minutes photoperiod combined with -1 IAA of 75 ppm and P2O5 of 120 kg ha resulted in height seed quality during 90 days of storage in room temperature.
Keywords : seed technology, food crops, and seed physiology
218 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT128
THE INFLUENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI Metarhizium anisopliae INFECTION TO THE PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY OF Oxya japonica (ORTHOPTERA : ACRIDIDAE)
Melanie, S.Si., M.Si.1 , Dr. Tjandra Anggraeni2, Dr. Wardono Niloperbowo3 Ramdhani Eka Putra 4
1) Departemen Biology of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Padjadjaran University email: [email protected] 2,3 & 4 ) School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Abstract
As in the other animals, insect posses‘an effective immune defenses to combat entering pathogens. Such defenses are associated with celluler reactions and humoral reactions. On the other hand, the use of insect pathogens to control the insect pest is one of the support system in the success of integrated pest management since chemical insecticides become a major problem in the environment. Therefore, to increase our understanding in insect immune system related with insect pathology. The research methode was used Completely Randomize Design, with dose infections as single factor, there are 0 (control), 1.5 x 102, 1.5 x 103, 1.5 x 104, 1.5 x 105 spore/individual. The activity PPO was measured by absorbant increased which showed the reaction of enzime with L-DOPA subtrate. The result was showed that the infection of Metarhizium anisopliae influenced the humoral immune response of O. japonica, it showed by increasing of the phenoloxidase activity significantly (P<0.050). The levels of phenoloxidase in control insects increase significantly 12 h after treatment for all doses. We found that average phenoloxidase activities of infected adults of O. japonica were not correlated with doses of M. anisopliae applied (one-way anova, F = 0.46, P = 0.76), even though the trend increased until doses of 1.5 x104 conidia/adult.The humoral immune response of O. japonica was induced by M. anisopliae infection, and it showed by increasing of the phenoloxidase activity significantly (P<0.050).
Keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae, Oxya japonica, pathogen, humoral defense, phenoloxidase, prophenoloxidase
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 219 AGPT129
THE CONSERVATION OF GAMBIERS BIODIVERSITY IN WEST SUMATRA
Hamda Fauza1*, Istino Ferita1, Nurainas2, Jamsari1, Azmi Dhalimi3, Ahmad Denian4, & Murdaningsih H. Karmana5
1Faculty of Agriculture of Andalas University Padang 25163 , Indonesia, 2Faculty of Mathematics and Nature Science of Andalas University Padang 25163, Indonesia 3Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Bogor Indonesia 4Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia 5Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia *Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manih Padang 2516, Phone : 0751-72776; Fax.: 0751-72702; email: [email protected]
Abstract
Gambier is one of the highest economical and prospective commodities of small holder plantation which prospect to be commercially developed in the next future. Gambier plant (Uncaria gambier (Hunter) Roxb.) is a bush plant of the family Rubiceae consisted of 34 genus, of which one genus found in Africa, two genus in America, and the others in tropical regions of Asia largely contained in the Indonesian archipelago. Beside Uncaria gambier, there are other species that produce catechine (the main component to be contained of gambier) the spread at various locations in West Sumatra. The efforts to obtain the superior genotype of gambier through plant breeding is still limited regarded to only few previous studies which is still far from what is expected. The availability of natural resource germplasm with a wide genetic variability and the accurate of its genetic information is one of the essential aspects of its plant breeding program and biodiversity management. Several series of studies have been conducted within the framework of conservation of gambier biodIrversity which aims to obtain information about the existence of gambier biodiversity and preparation of genetic material in the assembly of superior crop cultivars gambier. The objectives of this study was to provide information of wild gambiers species in several location in West Sumatra. The research is being designed by explored and identified of wild species of the genus Uncaria based on phenotypic performance at 20 locations in eight districts in West Sumatra. The conclusion of the study showed that there were 13 species in the location explored, consisting of : Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roxb., U. ferrea (Bl.) DC., U. gambier (Hunter) Roxb., U. jasminiflora Hook., U. macrophylla Wall., U. roxburghiana Korth., U. sclerophylla (Hunter) Roxb., U. gabrata, U. pteropoda Miq., and four species that have not been identified.
Keywords: Gambier, Biodiversity, Uncaria 220 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT130
POTENCY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF SOME PLANTSAS BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL Plutella xylostella Larvae (LEPIDOPTERA:PLUTELLIDAE)
Agus Susanto1, Luciana Djaya1, Nenet Susniahti1 & Bernadita Wulan Novianti2
1Lab. Entomologi, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Abstract
Plutella xylostella is one of the major pests on cabbage plants. To control this pest, the farmers usually use synthetic pesticides. The alternative control method that can be done isthe use of botanical pesticides. This experiment was objected to determine the potency of the crude extract of leaves of noni (Morinda citrifolia), leaves of basil (Ocimum americanum), leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and leaves of thuja(Thuja orientalis)as botanical insecticides of Plutella xylostellalarvae. The experimentwas carried out at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Application Technique, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, from December 2010 to February 2011. The experimentwas arranged in the randomized block design consisting of eleven treatments and three replications. Methodsinthis research involved the extraction of plant leaves (noni, basil, tobacco, tomato and thuja) and application of the extracts on the feed of P. xylostella larvae by dipping method. The concentration of the extracts were2% and 4% (v/v). The result showed that 2% to 4% of the crude extracts of noni leaves, tomato leaves, thuja leaves, tobacco leaves and basil leaves were not potential as botanical insecticides against the larvae of P. xylostella.
Keywords : crude extract, botanical insecticide, Plutella xylostella
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 221 AGPT131
INTEGRATION OF SRI AND FISH FARMING FOR FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Arlius, F1. & E.G. Ekaputra 2 1&2Lab. Land and Water Engineering, Andalas University, Padang, 25146 Indonesia,
Abstract
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), in West Sumatra is known as Padi Tanaman Sabatang (PTS) was developed in Madagascar some 25 years ago, and has recently been popularized in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. SRI involves four major changes from conventional rice production : 1) The seedlings grown in the nursery beds are transplanted after just 8-10 days, or at the 2- leaf stage, 2) Seedlings are transplanted singly, not in a bunch, 3) Seedlings are transplanted at a wide spacing, from 20 to 50 cm apart, 4) Much less water is kept on. Integrating SRI and fish farming, has been examined in Nagari Pasir Talang, Solok Selatan District and West Sumatra. This experiment gave a 7.8 ton/ha of rice yield and 280 kg of fish. SRI-fish farming found as an effective approach to increasing the income of rural farmer households. Increasing rice production is making substantial contribution to food security, while fish production may reduce the dependence of families on other livestock and can be traded for income. Without chemical fertilizers and pesticides, farmers minimize spending for input, and contributed significantly to the environment. The symbiotic system of SRI-fish farming, living organisms produced in the rice field can be utilized by fish, and the fecal matter of fish also serves as rich organic fertilizer for rice. Practice of SRI-fish farming also maximizes the utilization of water resources.
Keywords: SRI, fish farming, padi tanam sabatang
222 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT132
AGROFORESTRY AS A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
D. S. Widaningsih
Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University
Abstract
Agroforestry is a system of natural resource management in dynamic ecology by planting trees on agricultural land or pasture grazing to obtain various products in a sustainable manner. The aim of this investigation was evaluating the role of agroforestry systems in terms of ecological aspects, especially the impact on the amount of eroded soil and runoff, 2) analyzing the role of agroforestry systems in terms of economic aspects, especially on income and expenditure of farm on agroforestry cropping systems, as well as the suitability for cultivated on dry land. 3) Identifying the appropriate agroforestry system with sociocultural of local farmers. The method used in the assessment of agroforestry systems in terms of ecology, economics and social aspects of culture. An Agroforestry system in terms of ecologically was capable to hold the soil against erosion and runoff that occurred in dry land farming, especially lands that had steep slopes. The result showed that Agroforestry system in terms of economic aspects was worth to be done, it gave benefit to farmers, and provided the same total revenue with the system of planting crops. Agroforestry system in terms of social aspects of culture wass a cropping system that was in conformity with the state of socioculture of farmers. Agroforestry business had been long applied by farmers in Indonesia, especially in the area of the island in Java. Agroforestry farming system was sustainable farming because it it gave benefit on sustainable ecological, economic and it was worth to be done in sociocultural that had same condition with the sociocultural of farmers who did it. .
Keywords: Agroforestry; Agriculture; Cropping system.
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 223 AGPT133
BACTERIAL CONTRIBUTION ENDOFITIK FASTENING N2 N CONTENT IN IMPROVING PLANT, AND RESULTS UPLAND RICE COPY TO REGIONAL LAND DISTRICT PANTURA INDRAMAYU
Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Pujawati Suryatmana, dan Ridha Hudaya
Jurusan Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung Email : [email protected]
ABTRACT
Experiments were designed to obtain the contribution of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria inoculants on upland rice plants that grown in saline soils can eliminate salinity effect that decreased mineral uptake therefore that bacteria could supply nitrogen through N2 fixation. The experiments method was used are Randomized Block Design in Factorial pattern. The medium for upland rice plants growth was saline soil from Panyingkiran Lor village, Cantigi district of Indramayu. Result of the experiments showed that the upland rice was inoculated with mix inoculants of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp.) and incorporated with N fertilizer 60 kg/ha have the better in N content and paddy dry grain (41.57 g Dry Weight Grain). N fertilizer substitute with mix inoculants of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria on saline soils from Panyingkiran Lor village, Cantigi district of Indramayu was 50 %. The increase of paddy dry grain affected of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria inoculants was 25.41 %.
Keywords: Endophytic bacteria, N2-fixation, saline soils, Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp.
224 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT134
CHARACTERIZATION PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROBES AND CATALYTIC STRENGTH ON ORGANIC PHOSPHOROUS MINERALIZATION
Betty N. Fitriatin, Benny Joy*, and Toto Subroto**
*Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran ** Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran E-mail : [email protected]
Abstract
The objective oh this experiment was to examine of phosphatase enzyme activity from soil microbe (bacteria and Fungi)i.e. Pseudomonas mallei, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergilus niger and Penicillium sp., respectively, which was tested can dissolve inorganic P to found out its characteristic biochemically. Furthermore, the aim of the experiment also to examine catalysis strength on mineralization of soil organic P process. The result of experiment showed that the kind of substrate and pH of medium affect phosphatase activity of Pseudomonas mallei, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergilus niger and Penicillium sp microbes, respectively. In general, those four microbe on medium with organic P substrate of phytic acid (myo-inositol heksakisphosphate) was substrate gave highest phosphatase activity compare to organic P substrate from glycerophosphate disodium salt, phenil phosphate or α-D-glucose 1-phosphate dosidium salt. On the other hand, the highest dissolve P was obtained from medium which contain glycerophosphate disodium salt. Increasing of organic P substrate (glycerophosphate dosodium salt) and inorganic P (KH2PO4) affect phosphatase enzyme activity and the amount of dissolve P. Furthermore, increasing of organic P substrate increase phosphatase activity; on the contrary, addition to inorganic P decrease phosphatase activity. Phosphatase activity for each microbe showed different response due to heavy metal. Heavy metal with low concentration (1 mM) was as activator, while on high concentration (10 mM) was act as inhibitor since phosphatase activity and disolve P decrased. The examine of catalysis strength of organic P hydrolisis process using natural organic P substrate and synthetic significantly affect phosphatase activity and dissolve P on incubation time of three, six, and nine day, respectively. Each kind of microbe tested increase phosphatase activity and dissolve P after application of treatment with phosphate Glicerol synthetic substrate.
Key words : Catalytic, mineralization, phosphatase ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 225 AGPT135
THE SUCCESS OF HAND-POLLINATION BY USING HOT-WATER EMASCULATION METHOD ON THREE INDICA RICE CULTIVARS AND ITS F1 POLLEN STERILITY TESTING
Triya Ariyanti, Nono Carsono, and Murdaningsih Haeruman K.
Lab of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Campus Jatinangor, Sumedang 40600 Author for Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
Hot water emasculation is one of methods in rice hybridization to deactivating pollen which mostly applied by Japanese researchers. Meanwhile, crossing between Oryza sativa sub-species indica with ssp. japonica have strong heterosis but the partial sterility of hybrids has been a major drawback for utilization the progeny. This experiment was aimed to determine the appropiate temperature for high success emasculation by hot water and to detect F1 progeny may have hybrid sterility by pollen sterility testing. Field experiments were carried out during December 2009 until December 2010 in green house at Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. Experiments were arranged in factorial completely randomized design (CRD) using three low land rice varieties ssp. indica and ssp. japonica one genotype KA with three combinations of hybridization and three temperature regimes as treatment and replicated three times. Pollen sterility was observed under a light microscope using propionic orcein staining method. Result showed that hot water emasculation method with temperature 43°C- 45°C during 7 minutes could be applied in three cultivars: IR 64, Ciherang, and Ciapus. An interaction was found between temperature emasculation with genotype, where temperature 43°C was very effective only for Ciapus, emasculation in IR64 was effective by using temperature of 44°C, and temperature 45°C was effective for Ciherang. Three indica cultivars differed in their responses to emasculation temperature and there was a partial sterility in F1 population from each pair cross combination. The early maturity trait was obviously appeared in F1 progeny, however the high productivity was not.
Key words: hot water emasculation method, hybridization, pollen sterility, rice.
226 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia AGPT136
REDUCING CALLUS INDUCTION TIME FOR HIGH REGENERATION CAPACITY FOR THREE RICE GENOTYPES TOWARDS PRODUCING LOW FREQUENCY OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS
Liberty2, Nono Carsono1, Endah Juarsih3, Meddy Rachmadi1 and Murdaningsih HK1
Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Campus Jatinangor Ujungberung Bandung 40600 Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The occurrence of somaclonal variants was avoided during the course of transgenic rice development. Reducing time required for in vitro culture i.e., from callus induction to plant regeneration, was preferred to obtain transgenic rice plant with normal phenotypes. The aim of this research was to obtain the best callus induction time on plant regeneration capacity of three rice cultivars grown on different 2,4-D concentrations in NB5 medium. Mature seed of rice embryo was used as explants. Experiment was arranged in randomized complete design with two replications. Four level of 2,4-D concentration (0 ppm, 1 ppm, 3 ppm, 5 ppm), three rice cultivars (KA, Fatmawati, and Nipponbare) and two different induction time (one week and two weeks were applied in this experiment. Result revealed that there was no significant genotype x 2,4-D concentration x callus induction time interaction observed, nevertheless significant interaction effect between genotype x concentration and concentration x time were found as well as significant main effect was observed in all variable. In case of genotype x concentration interaction, callus diameter of 0 ppm 2,4-D were significantly different from 5 ppm. The best callus diameter was reached by 0 ppm and 3 ppm of 2,4-D. Callus diameter of KA and Fatmawati cultivars were also significantly different from Nipponbare. Number of plantlet grew in 0 ppm and 3 ppm 2,4-D was also significant. In case of concentration x time interaction, significant different were found between 0 ppm and 5 ppm of 2,4-D. For time of emergence greenspot, the significant different were found with the best induction time is one week. In case of genotype x callus induction time, callus diameter and time of greenspot emergence showed the significant result. Callus diameter of KA was significantly different with those of Nipponbare. The best induction time for green spot emergence is one week. Generally, one week callus induction time was the best for three rice cultivars which is shown by high regeneration frequency and growing normal plantlet. Two week induction time obtained high number of somaclonal variants and produced rhizozenic callus and abnormal plant phenotypes i.e. dwarf plant and curl and crease of leaves. Concentration of 2,4-D O ppm and 3 ppm was produced the best response in subculture stage. Genotypes KA and Fatmawati performed better growth response and developed the plantlet, while greenspot emergence was faster for callus with one week induction. Number of plantlet reduced by the occurrence of 2,4-D during callus subculture.
Key words: in vitro, callus induction, plant regeneration and somaclonal variants
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 227 AGPT137
POPULATION BUILD-UP OF BROWN PLANTHOPPERS ON DB1 TRANSGENIC AND NON-TRANSGENIC RICE CULTIVARS
Nono Carsono1, Gigih Ibnu Prayoga1, Nuri K Willis1, Danar Dono1, Agus Wahyudin1, Diani Damayanti2, M. Herman2 and Kinya Toriyama3
1) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Campus Jatinangor Bandung 40600, Author for correspondence: [email protected] 2) ICABIOGRAD/BB Biogen Bogor; 3) Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) is well-known as the major pest in rice cultivation in Indonesia. Development of BPH resistant rice cultivar is the ideal option for economic and effective management of BPH. Db1 gene (mannose-binding lectin family gene), isolated from Dioscorea batatas, is proven to be effective against some sup-sucking insects. This gene has been transferred to rice cv. Taichung-65 and currently homozygous transgenic rice line has been selected. The research was aimed to obtain transgenic Db1 rice lines and non-transgenic rice lines that resistance to BPH. Genotypes used were transgenic rice cultivar of Taichung-65 with Db1 insertion, non-transgenic rice cultivars i.e. Taichung-65, PTB-33, Rathu Heenati, Babawee, IR-64, IR- 42, Ciherang, and Cisadane. Two colonies of brown planthopper i.e. colony Sukamandi (biotype 2) and colony North Sumatera (biotype 3) were used in this study. The experiment was conducted at transgenic containment ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Number of BPH population was recorded from 1st to 7th observation. Results showed that cv. PTB-33 could reduce development of BPH population from 1st to 7th observation (the last observation). From 3rd to the last observation, BPH population on transgenic rice line (Taichung-65 with Db1), tended to increase. Number of BPH adults on cv. PTB-33 was the least amount of BPH adults, except for colony Sukamandi. Furthermore, in this colony, the least amount of adult winged BPH (Macroptera) was found on cv. IR-42. It is concluded that BPH population build-up is not depended on cultivar reaction including transgenic Taichung-65 (with Db1) and other resistance and susceptible cultivars.
Key words: Brown planthopper, DB1 transgene, Population build-up.
228 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia LIST OF SPONSORS
1. Bank Mandiri
2. PT. Syngenta Indonesia
3. PT Vitafarm Vitafarm
4. BRI
5. BNI 46,
6. Bank BJB
ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 229