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eHerrfordshlr~ Archaeological Trust I 2001 ****************************************************************** HERTFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST I REPORT No. 1285 I I I MACINTYRE CENTRE, I PROPOSED SCHOOL AT WINGRA VE, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE I AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT I I I Pari sh: WlNGRA VE WITH ROWSHAM I NGR: SP 87 10 1915 I JONATHAN GRANT MA PIFA I MARCH 2003 I
The Seed Warehouse I Maidenhead Yard, The Wash Hertford SGI-IIPX Tel: 01992 558170 Fax: 01992 553359 I e-mail: [email protected] www.hertjordshire-archaeological-iruSI.co.uk Registered Charity No. 281819 I ****************************************************************** Mac/nryl"f! Cenlre. WlIIgr{Jn~ . BllcJu 2 l ( I
OHertfordshlre ArchaeologICal Tnl.SI I 2011] I MACINTYRE CENTRE, PROPOSED SCHOOL AT WINGRA YE, BUCKINGHAMSIDRE
I AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT
I SUMMARY
In March 2003, the Hertford,hire Archaeological Trust (HAT) conducted an I archaeological desk-based assessment at the Mac/ntyre Centre, Wingrave, Buckinghamshire (SP 871 0 1915). The site is located in the historic core of the village of Wingrave within the boundaries of Mount Tabor House, formerly Wingrave Manor House, I a previously moated manor site with associated grounds and fishpond>. The building has, in more recent years, been converted to a school, with the parcel of land under assessment I being part oftwo small gravel car parks and a sn:all grass.ed area. The historic village of Wingrave dates to pre-Conquest times when, it was a well-wooded area, although it had been deforested by J 086. The manorial estate was held since the I Sawn period but the earliest standing feature in the village is the church of Ss Peter and Paul, part of which dates to the late 12th century. Many I jh _ 19'h century farmhouses and I barns survive today adding to the rural character of Wingrave. No archaeological find, have been discovered in the boundaries of the assessment site but there are several listed buildings of Victorian date and the site i.l" of interest from a more I recent historical perspective. The pond that lies within the ground> might prove to be part ofaformer moat, the extent ofwhich is no longer known. I 1 INTRODUCTION
I 1.1 In March 2003, Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust (HAT) conducted an archaeological desk-based assessment of land at the Maclntyre Centre, Wingrave, Buckinghamshire (NGR SP 8710 1915) (Figs. 1-2). The desk-based assessment was I commissioned by BHD on behalf of MacIntyre Care in advance of proposals to construct a new school building within the existing complex.
I 1.2 The desk-based assessment was conducted In accordance with a brief issued by Buckinghamshire County Council (BCC, dated 02/01 /03) (Planning App: County Council) and a specification compiled by HAT (dated 04/02 /03). The project followed the procedures I outlined in the' Institute of Field Archaeologists' Standard and Guidancefor Archaeological Desk-Based Assessments (revised 1999).
I 1.3 The principal aims were to determine the location, extent, date, character, condition, significance and quality of any surviving archaeological remains liable to be threatened by I the development of the site. Specific objectives included the collation, verification and M{Jc:lnryre Cenlre. Wingrun!. Buds 3 I I -
OHertjordshire Archoeofogica
assessment of any relevant archaeological, documentary, cartographic and geotechl information.
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITIt
2.1 The assessment site lies on the eastern side of the historic medieval settlemel Wingrave. The village is located around 8km south-west of Leighton Buz; Bedfordshire; 7km north-east of Aylesbury city centre and 5km north of the Grand U Canal. Wingrave is bypassed to the north and west by the A418 connecting AylesbUl Leighton Buzzard. The parish of Wingrave-with-Rowsham comprises some 2,600 acres
2.2 The site currently comprises Mount Tabor House and its mature grounds, access drives, ponds, outbuildings and lawns. The site is accessed from Leighton Roa the north, and is bounded by agricultural land to the east and south. The site is bound, the north west and west by residential dwellings fronting Leighton Road, The Green Dark Lane. It is proposed to construct the Mclntyre residential units in the western pa the site, convert existing outbuildings ih the south western part of the site to residential convert the existing manor house to residential use, and construct a new Mclntyre teac block/sports facility along with new vehicular accesses in the eastern part of the site.
3 METHOD OF WORK
The archaeological desk-based assessment was conducted in accordance with the brief specification. Information was sought from a variety of available sources, and reference made to the Institute of Field Archaeologists' Standard and Guidance for Archae%~ Desk-Based Assessments (IFA, revised 1999). The aims of the assessment were:
• Collate, verilY and assess all information relevant to the presence, survival and chan of archaeological remains I structures within the study area
• Provide for the identification of areas of archaeological potential within the site. It also consider the site within its wider archaeological and landscape context. The li extent, nature, condition and importance of the archaeology will be described
• Provide a predictive model of the archaeological remains likely to be present on the and assess their archaeological significance
3.1 Archaeological Databases
Establishing the extent and nature of known archaeological remains in the area can inf the potential for further discoveries during ground works on the assessment site. standard collation of all known archaeological sites and spot-finds within Buckingham5 comes from the County Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) held by BCAS. In ord, provide a representative sample, the SMR database was searched for all known en within a I km radius of the study area. Entries within an approximate I km radius of the
Maclntyre Cell/re. Wil/grin'e. 8uc/u 4 I
OHertjord.shire Archaeological Trl/sl 200) I are listed (Appendix I), and plotted below (Fig.3). Their sigpificance, where relevant, is discussed in Section 4.
I 3.2 Historical and Cartographic Sources
Documentary research and historic maps can help to provide a geographical, topographical I and historical context for archaeological remains. This allows a comprehensive overview and mapping of land-use changes and permits a sequence of historical development to be compiled. In some cases, such research can be related directly to extant buildings and I features. The principal source for these types of evidence was the Buckinghamshire County Archaeology Service (BCAS) in the County Council and the Buckinghamshire Records and Local Studies Service (BRLSS) at Aylesbury. Relevant documents are listed in Appendix 3 I and reproduced in Figures 4-8. I 3.3 Secondary Sources Published and unpublished sources provide information on the general history and archaeology of the study area, as well as being a source of reference for further primary information. The principal sources of secondary material were the Buckinghamshire Records and Local Studies Service and HAT's own library. Relevant material is listed in the bibli ography.
3.4 Geological/Geotechnical Information
I Geological conditions can be of significance in establishing the potential and likely survival of archaeological remains. The geology, hydrology and landform of a site gives rise to particular and localised soil profiles or environmental conditions, which were historically I utilised by humans according to technological ability and pressure on resources. A description of the superficial and solid geology of the local and surrounding area was compiled in order to assess the likely presence and potential condition of any archaeological I remains on the site. This information was drawn from appropriate maps published by the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Soil Survey of England and Wales (SSEW 1983). No detailed geotechnical infonmation was available from the client at the time of writing.
3.5.1 Aerial Photographs
Aerial photographs (APs) provide a unique overview of landscape history and changes in land-use but have limited appli cations in areas, which have been urbanised. The site is situated on the edge of the modern village, surrounded by fields, most of which have not been built upon, still showing medieval ridge and furrow marks. The index of APs I consulted is listed in Appendix 4.
4 BACKGROUND
4.1 Topography, geology a nd soils
Modntyrf! Centre. Wmgrave. Bucks 5 O Hertfordshire Archaeological TT//. 100 4.1.1 Wingrave lies on a bed of Evesham 2 $'oil association, on Jurassic and Cretaceou clays, described as slowly permeable calcareous clayey soils that are suitable for the growtl of winter cereals and short-term grassland (SSEW 1983). The site lies on high grounl above the valley of the Thistle Brook some distance to the south, at a height of c.130n AOD.
4.1.2 The site is composed of two gravel car parks and a small area of grassland tha includes a pathway. Numerous trees surround the site, some of which were presumably par of the previous ornamental gardens and avenue.
4.2 Arcbaeological and Historical Background (Figure 3)
4.2.1 Wingrave is a small agricultural settlement, almost certainly established during th Saxon period, though there is small-scale evidence of earlier activity.
4.2.2 Prehistoric There are various finds of prehistoric date known from Wingrave; these consist of a fe, Ilint scatters and Ilakes of Neolit.hic and Bronze Age date (SMR 1007; 4200; 6305), and series of ditches thought to be Bronze Age to Iron Age (SMR 6303; 6304; 6305) in date, 0 1 the outskirts of the village. The overall level of local prehistoric finds is insufficient tl substantiate any long term presence during these periods. No finds of this date are knowl from within the assessment site.
4.2.3 Roman A number of finds of Roman date are known from the village, including a variety 0 ceramic sherds (SMR 2401 ; 4596) and a single Roman coin of mid 4th century date 0 eastern Empire origin (SMR 5461).
4.2.4 Medieval Wingrave is mentioned in the Domesday Survey (1086), and appears as Withungrau, (translated as 'Withun's Grove'), presumably meaning that the individual, 'Withun' ownel woodland, yet no woodland is recorded in the Domesday Book locally, and therefore eithe the interpretation is incorrect or Wingrave was settled before the Conquest when . woodland still existed. According to Domesday, the first Norman owner of Wingrave wa one Miles Crispin. The village is also later known as ' Withungrave' and ' Witungrave during the II th century, when it was a moderately sized viII (Sheahan 1862: 788; VCH i 262; VCH iii: 458). The village developed around an oval-shaped green on which th, recreation ground is positioned; the church is located to the north of the green and a numbe of farms are located around its perimeter. Clockwise from the church lie: the assessmen site, which includes the location of Wingrave Manor House; Floyds Farm; Windmill Hil Farm; Mitchell Leys Farm; Straws Hadley Farm and the Congregational Chapel (which i within the oval). On the outskirts around the oval green are a variety of ponds, some 0 which are thought to have previous ly been part of moats associated with the former mano houses. Wingrave developed around more than one manor house; the Wingrave Mano House (present day Mount Tabor House) was established from the endless subdivisions 0 th the 13 century manor, previously held by Gunfrey de Cioches in 1086, later being knowl as Wingrave Manor House in 1539. Burbage Manor (recorded in 1525), also within th, parish, was previously known as Edmund's Manor (recorded in 1465) (VCH iii: 461).
MadnrYn! Cenlr~. Wingrare. Buch 6 I
CHerrfordshlre Archaeological Trllst I 1003 4.2.5 Parts of the church of Ss Peter and Paul (SMR 664) (the chancel and possibly the nave) date back to c. I 190 and are built from stone rubble. The building contains some I interesting wall arcading of 12'h century date (Sheahan 1862: 789; Royal Commission on Historic Monuments [RCHM] 19 I 3: 337). The chancel ",as lengthened to the east in the early 13'h century, the west tower was built in the mid-13 1l1 century and the north and south I aisles were added later in c. I 370. Other restorations occurred in the 15'h century when the Chancel walls were heightened and a clerestorey added to the nave. Late 19'h century restorations and additions comprised the new south vestries and organ and the I reconstruction of the west tower.
4.2.6 Other medieval structures have generally nol survived in the village, though a I number of ponds and watercourses reflect the presence of probable moated manorial sites of medieval origin. To the south-west, a moated site is thought to have been associated with one of the manors, conveyed in 1697 to John Deacle, who was represented by his namesake I Rev. John Deacle in 1787 & 1797 (SMR 406). Earthworks of a trackway house platform ( have been discovered, further indicating the extent of the medieval village, along with ~1J various earthworks reported in 1972, which represent six or more well preserved house , -- I ,v~ platforms / crofts with sunken streets between in the valley. A substantial platform with conjoined subsidiary to the east could be the platform of a major house. Former quarrying ~ ? in this area is known to have occurred whilst neither shrinkage nor individual house sites are to be seen on inspection of aerial photos (SMR 1739) (Fig. 3). Other small-scale finds of medieval date are also known; a small garden plot belonging to a house lying south of Moat Lane yielded four sherds of medieval pottery. On the 1958 OS 6" map (not shown) this area is shown as a pond and material discovered may have been amongst dumped material used as infill, however.
4.2.7 Medieval pottery finds include one St Neots carinated bowl rim, one Bourbon SI. type bowl rim of 12'h century and two other sherds from Moat Lane. Despite the road's name the feature as it appears today is too short and narrow to have been part of a moat. It is almost certain that it was used as a drainage ditch for the Recreation Ground field as it slopes towards the ditch. It is presently filled-in , however its outline is clearly defined by lusher grass (SMR 2899). Three other pottery sherds, including one 13'h century rim, was found to the south-east by a local resident, one Miss Mountain, who had previously found an bagful of medieval sherds at the same location (SMR 4596).
4.2.8 Post-Medieval A number of buildings dating to the 17'h century survive to this day around the Green and Mill Lane. The oval-shaped Green could conceivably be the early core of the village. A previous evaluation at Parsonage Farm by Buckinghamshire County Museum Archaeological Service (BCMAS) to the north-west attempted to establish the nature of the pond and/or supposed moat. Thought previously to have been of medieval date, the evaluation revealed that finds from the site were of later date and not associated with any manor house (BCMAS 1993). SMR references to Manor Farm refer to Mount Tabor House and its grounds. SMR 1604/04 records little of its 19'h century garden layout surviving (~ic. Parks and Gardens Register I 988) but what is known of the site ITom the first edition 6" OS map and the next 25" edition (Figs. 7 & 8) is that the gardens contained an ornamental pond and a long tree-lined avenue. The property is now in use as a school and
Moc/nryre Centre. Wmgran!, 8/1cb 7 CHert/orrishlre Archaeologlco/ ,7 little of the original layout survives. The development and construction of the school I altered the ornamental layout of the grounds, clearly seen when comparing the 19th cenll OS editions with today's layout (Figs. 2 & 9).
4.2.9 Wingrave was subject to an Inclo~ure Act in 1798. During the second half of 1 18th century, the number of smallholdings in the village had dropped by about 40%. T enclosure, with the restrictions that it brought, caused yet further problems for people lesser means, smallholdings in pre-enclosure days would have been marginally sufficient support a family. One of the most significant issues for the smallholder and cottager \I that the use of common lands had, after 1798, become restricted and thus their availal resources for self-sufficiency was becoming depleted (Morley & Morley 1994: 47-8). T majority of the larger landowners were not local residents, better-off after enclosl (Morley & Morley 1994: 44).
4.2. 10 A large windmill was erected at Whitchurch but was 'found not to answer' and \I subsequently removed and re-erected at Wingrave. This windmill has undergone extensi improvements and repairs. It is described as a smockmill having a stone base, the body which has a usual tapered octagonal shape and is of medium height. It had a dome shap cap and four cloth sails. A reference occurs in 1841 when a Mr. Burton 'begs to inform I friends that he will work night and day (wind permitting) to fetch up his arrears grinding'. Windmill Hill Farm lies in the vicinity, a timber-framed house dating probal from the 16th century (SMR 1795). Other post-medieval constructions are listed Appendix 2 (Listed Buildings), which includes the Independent Congregational Chal built in 1832 (now URC), with an associated burial ground. It is a Grade 11 listed buildi (SMR 5589). References to a horse-mill occur as early as April 1218 when five acres land is referred to in Hamfurlang, as being near the mill. The north mill is mentioned la in 1543, with the horse-mill apparently being included in the conveyance of 1544 (SI'v 5291).
4.3 The Assessment Site
4.3. I The assessment site lies within the grounds of the Victorian Mount Tabor Hou: built between 1870- I 880 (formerly Wingrave Manor House) (SM R 1604). It was probal built by the Roth schilds and leased to the Stewart~Freeman family. It is of half-timber style and has a mixed lacobethan and neo_18th century interior. To either side of the s entrance lie four former lodges, numbers 22-24 to the south-western side and numbers 2 28 on the north-eastern side of the track, all dated to 1876 (Pevsner & Williamson 19t 753). Mount Tabor House replaced the Old Manor House. This was the residence of 1\1 Stewart-Freeman and was a 17th century brick house with tiled roof, with 19th centu extensions. A moated site formerly existed here, and the Old Manor House likely al replaced an earlier mediaeval structure in the vicinity. Within the grounds is a rectanguh shaped pond that may have been part of this moat, only partially surviving today. This cou possibly be the feature illustrated on OS 6" map of 1958 (not shown). Two short stretch of water are visible but there is no trace of them either extending beyond their present lim and these may have been fishponds or an ornamental construction (SMR 1604).
4.3.2 The gates and gate piers at the site entrance are listed Grade 11 and dated c.1870 1880 (a more full description of them is added in the SMR - Appendix 1). A pair
MQc/nfyr~ C~nlr~, WmgrUl'e. auc!u 8 OHert/ardshlrf! Archaeological Trust looJ cottages were built as lodge cottages to Wingrave Manor House (dated AD 1876 on terracotta plaques). They were designed in a picturesque style influenced by George Devey's work. They are described as being red brick to the ground floor, half timbering with white washed render infill and fish scale above. There is also a former stable block, which has now been converted to school rooms and a resjdence of c.1870 - 1880, and appear to the west of the probable manorial boundaries. The block is composed of half timbering with roughcast or herringbone brick infill to the gables and upper part of the central wing. The manor of Wingrave is referenced before the Conquest with the inclusion of a man of Queen Edith, called Brictric, who held and could sell Wingrave Manor. In Domesday it was assessed at 5 hides, and belonged to Miles Crispin. It was held as a knight's fee of the honour of Wallingford in the 13 th century and remained a part of the honour for subsequent 300 years. It was later transferred to the honour of Ewelme, its last connection to this is mentioned in 1720 (VCH iii: 459).
4.3.3 The earliest map to include Wingrave is Jefferys' Map of 1770 (Fig.4). This large scale map cites the village as 'Wingrove'. Despite the lack of detail the village appears to be much the same as it is today. The area around the site is by all accounts devoid of activity or structures, with no buildings or houses marked on this part of the settlement, although the precursors to the modern-day road network are present.
4.3.4 The enclosure map of 1798 (Fig.5) is the earliest detailed example of the village indicating the extent of newer system of agriculture in the parish. Before this date, about three-quarters of the land was in arable use, with one-quarter pastoral. Mor/ey and Mor/ey (1994: 49-50) state that in 180 I the change over had meant that only about 20% of the parish was arable or fallow, and yet given time the productivity of the farming community increased greatly, which eventually resulted in the upping of rent costs and other local amenities and services. Much of the site is featureless, comprising a number of large agricultural fields, though the earlier layout of the Old Manor is shown closer to Dark Lane. The pond in the western part of the current site is shown as being more L-shaped and possibly reflects part of an earlier moat feature, though the village is clearly shown as having many ponds and other water features at this time, possibly balancing ponds to control surface water. given the clayey nature of the soils in the area.
4.3.5 Bryant's map of 1825 (Fig. 6) shows that the site is an enclosed field, although generally devoid of buildings. The I st edition Ordnance Survey (OS) map of 1882-4 (6 inch version - Fig. 7) shows the development of the parkland and formal drives surrounding what is then called Manor Farm. Buildings have been illustrated on the western side of the assessment site, the house (presumably Mount Tabor House) and associated gardens exist in the location that they still occupy today. Little other detail is shown.
4.3.6 The second edition OS map (Fig. 8) is a 25-inch version dated to 1899, and is therefore more detailed, yet there is no clearly visible development or change on the site or in the village. Most of the construction of Victorian buildings occurred in the mid-I 870s, thus the development is not visible between the first two OS maps. The Manor House is still labelled. The north western part of the site is shown as a largely featureless agricultural field at this time, and the north eastern part of the site is shown as a tree- lined avenue and parkland, leading to the main house and its associated outbuildings and courtyards. The
Maclnryrl! Cl!nfl"f!. Wmgral·f!. BI/cks 9 OHertfordshire Archaeological TroJl 2003 pond in the western part of the site is shown in the form j hat it is in today, not indicative of it representing a former moat.
4.3.7 There is no record of archaeological remains having been found within the area of (LA f' proposed development, although within the grounds of the school there are various post- t CV!;.~ medieval structures and listed buildings. • p,P (l) ~ \1t~~p __ ?vJ s~ cJ-r DISCUSSION 5.1 There is insufficient evidence to suggest that prehistoric actIvIty occurred ; . ~ extensively in or around Wingrave. A number of small-scale Roman finds are also indicative of activity, though its true nature and extent remain to be ascertained. No Saxon ?t activity is known from the local archaeological record.
5.2 Place-name evidence, however, suggests that Wingrave was established at a time significantly prior to the Norman Conquest. As the village is mentioned in Domesday, it was certainly well-established at this time, although the reference to ' grove' indicates the presence of woodland, nothing of the sort is m'entioned in Domesday. To have been deforested soon after being named seems unlikely, and it is therefore more likely that the settlement had been established during the mid-Saxon period. The date of settlement of Wingrave is yet to be more firmly established.
6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
6. 1 Many of the surviving structures in Wingrave date from the early post-medieval period, some of which replaced medieval predecessors. The ponds that pepper the modern village are not necessarily each a part of a moa~s) as was previously thought. Little or no r medieval activity is known (BCMAS 1993)\ !,he site is located in perhaps the mosV archaeologically sensitive location in the village outside the churchyard Jhe principal archaeological potential for the site is for remains associated with the mediaeval village or manor, and for post-mediaeval remains of the farmstead and Old Manor known to be present on the site in the latter part of the 18th century and beyond.
7 PREVIOUS GROUND DISTURBANCE ON THE SITE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
7.1 A visit indicated that the site of the principal proposed development (the new teaching block/sports facility) is currently a small grass plot/pathway and two small gravel car parks, all of which was surrounded by numerous trees. There are no extant archaeological rem ains. The APs from 1948 to 1988 confirm the garden nature of the site throughout the 20th century, suggesting that there has been little previous ground disturbance of this area.
7.2 The proposed development (Fig. 9) includes the construction of a new school building with sports facility that would di sturb archaeological remains, if present. In
M(JcJllry~ Centre. Wingwl'i!. 8ucKs. 10 1
O Herifordshire Archaeological Trllst I. 2003 addition the existing listed house will be converted and a new residential units will be constructed in the vicinity of the former farmyard and pond. It is possible that further evidence of the character of the pond (and indeed evidence as to whether it was ever part of I a moat) may be revealed during groundworks in this area.
I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust would like to thank Bob Harrington of BHD on behalf I of Maclntyre Care for commissioning this desk-based assessment.
HAT also gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the staff at the Buckinghamshire I Records and Local Studies Centre (BRLSC) and the input and advice of David Radford and Julia Wise of the Buckinghamshire County Archaeological Service (BCAS). I I I I I I I I
I
MacJnryre Centre. IVmgrUH!. BI/cks I1 CHertfordshlre Archaeological Trust lOO] Appendix 1 Archaeological Sites and Monuments
SMR NCRSP Description
Neolithic (5000-2500 BC) 1007 8729 1865 Stone axe with ground cutting edge. Length 126mm, cutting edge width 34mm. 4200 8730 1900 Neolithic or Bronze A~e flint nake 6305 88 15 193 1 Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (3000 - 1501 BC) ditch and flint scatter. Also two undated ditches but possibly associated with prehiswric pottery. Bronze Age (2500-800 BC) 1012 Wingrave Bronze celt found in 1917, now in British Museum. 6303 86781801 Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age ditches, oossible field SYstem. 6304 8742 1842 Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age, series of ditches and pits. Iron Age (800 BC - AD 42) 6305 88 15 1931 I Middle to Late Iron Age (400 BC - AD 42) ditch. Roman sites (A D 43 - AD 410) 240 1 86121939 Three Romano-British rims, fragment of redware mortarium, base and six other sherds. found during fieldwalking 1976. A few possibly struck flints from same area retained by finders. 4596 86761910 One grey-ware sherd, one probable Romano-British sherd and 3 medieval sherds, includi ng one 13 th century rim. Miss Mountain previously round about a bagful of medieval sherds here, apparently given to BeM (but not traced, 1979). 5461 86 18 1975 One Roman co in : Obverse - URBS ROMA + helmeted draped bust looking left. Reverse - Wolf suckling twins and mintmark CON ST. Dale AD 330-346, minted in Constantinople. Medieval sites lAD 1066 - AD 1500) 406 86851921 Moated Site, possible Manor - In 1697 this manor was conveyed lO John Deade, who was represented by Rev. John Deade in 1787 & 1797. The Wingrave Inc10sure Map of 1798 (Fig.5) shows the moat, which is described as ·Homestead & Close' under the possessions of the Rev . John Deacle. It is, therefore, possible that the moat represents the site of the manor house of Edmund's I Burbage manor . Evaluation of the site showed that surviving L-shaped pond is part of a larger feature. No evidence for medieval activity or settlement found. so "moat" may have been a fishpond I ornamental pond of post-med date and site probably not manorial. South of moat a group of post-medieval features: ditches, a gully and small pit, all producing 17" and 18'h century pottery, suggests a dwelling of this date in vicinity. 664 8692 1906 Church of Ss Peter and Paul. Chancel and nave built c.1 190. Chancel lengthened to east in early 13 'h century. West tower built mid_l3 lh century. North and South aisles added c.1370. Chancel walls heightened and clearstory of nave added in 15 th century. South vestries and organ chamber built 1887 and church restored, west tower rebuilt 1898. Interesting 12" century wall arcading. 1604 870 190 Wingrave old manor house, rectangular, slight remains of moat. Possibly the feature shown on OS 6" (1958), not a moat but a rectangular drainage pond. Two shon stretches of water visible. No trace of either extending beyond present limi ts. Fishoonds or ornament.
Moclnryrt Centre. Wmgrure. Ruc/u 12 I
eH~rtford.Jhln Archaeological Trllst I 200) 1739 86501910 Trackway, House (platform) and medieval '1-illage - earthworks reported in 1972 . Six or more well preserved house platforms I crofts with sunken streets between in valley. Road once continued through here - N.B. kink I in present Nup Lane. At OR SP 8640 1912 a substantial platform with conjoined subsidiary to east looks like platform of a major house. Wide perambulation revealed only disused' quarrying in this area.. neither shrinkage nor individua1 house sites are to be seen. Inspection of air I photos negative. 2899 8693 1888 Small area of garden owned by house lying south of Moat Lane produced 4 she rds of medieval ponery. This area is shown on OS 6" map (1958) as a pond I and material discovered may have been amongst dumped material used as infil1. though it is likely to have come from the village. Sherds include one St Neots carinated bowl rim, one Bourbon St. type bowl rim of 12 th century and two other sherds. Despite name' Moat Lane' feature is I too narr ow and short to have ever been part of a moat. Almost certainly it acted as a drainage ditch for the Recreation Ground field si nce it slopes down towards the ditch. Now entirely tilled in, though its outline is clearly defined by lusher grass. 4596 86761910 One grey-ware sherd, one probable Romano-British sherd and 3 medieval th sherds. including one 13 century rim. Miss Mountain previously found about a bagl"1 of medieval sherds here, apparently given to BCM (but not traced, 1979) 5291 not given Horse Mill - Feet of fines, 18'" April 1218 refers to five acres of land in Hamfurlang. Wingrave, towards the mill. The north mill is mentioned in 1543, apparently the horse-mill included in the conveyance of 1544. Post-medieval sites (AD 1500 - p.esent) 1795 8722 1880 Windmill - the mill having undergone extensive improvements and repairs. Wm. Burton begs to inform his friends that he will work night and day (wind permitting) to fetch up his arrears of grinding. Goods fetched and carried any reasonable distance, strict auention paid to the wants of his customers and moderate charges. A large windmill. .. at Whitchurch ... was found not to answer, was removed and set up at Wingrave. Smockmill on a stone base, body of usual tapered octagonal shape, of medium height. Dome shaped cap, cloth sails. Two pairs of stones of c.4ft. Windmill farm in vicinity. 5589 8686 1892 Cemetery and Chapel - 'Independent Chapel', "Burial Ground', congregational, built in 1832 for a church (now URC) formed 1805. Brick walls, rendered west front and hipped slate roof. Church with Sunday School and meeting rooms to rear. Listed Grade 11. 1604/01 871 190 Mount Tabor House (Manor House AD 1870? - IS80?). a 17~ century brick house with tiled roof. modernised in recent years. Formerly mansion known as Wingrave Manor House, now school. Probably built for Rothschild s c. 1870 - 1880. Red brick to ground noor, half timbering and roughcast in-fill above. Tiled roof. Two storeys. 1604/02 871 192 Grade 11, gates and gate piers with flanking short sections of low wall and railings with end piers, c. 1870 - 1880. Piers are of Red Brick with moulded brick panels, stone bands above and moulded sto ne caps. Low brick walls curve in lo\vards piers and have chamfered stone caps and iron railings above. 1604/02/0 871 192 Grade 11 , pair of cottages built as lodge cottages to Wingrave Manor I House ( ow Mount Tabor House), and sym metrical to Nos. 22 and 24. Dated AD 1876 on terra-colta plaque. In picturesque style innuenced by George Oevey"s work. Red brick to ground floor. half timbering with white washed render infill and fi sh scale.
MOc/ffI)'re Cenlre. WmgrO\ '~_ B"cks 13 OHtrtfordshirt ArcltoeologJ
1604/0210 871 192 Grade 11. pair of eottages built as lodge cottages to Wingrave M., 2 House (Now Mount Tabor House), and symmetrical to Nos. 26 and : Dated AD 1876 on terra-cotta plaque. In picturesque style influenced George Devey's work, Red brick to ground floor, half timbering \At white washed render infill and fish scale. 1604/0210 871 190 Grade 11 , fortner stable block. now converted to school rooms a 3 residence. C.1870 - 1880. Brick, half-timbering with roughcast herringbone brick infill to gables and upper part of central wing. Til roofs with ornamental , fish scale panering. roof of centre wing hippt One storey and attic. Central wooden be llcote. 1604/04 87181906 Manor Farm Gardens, ornamental pond, tree avenue - the first edition OS map shows the house with gardens, a pond and a long avent 1:10000 shows the property now as a school. little survives of the origil layout. School development may have spoilt grounds.
Appendix 2 Listed Buildings in Wingrave Parish
SMR NGR SP Date Name Type • 664 8691 1905 - Ss Peter & Paul Church Church 1604/0 I 87171905 - Mount Tabor House Manor House 1604102 8711 1922 c.1870-80 Mount Tabor House, north Gate entrance 1604/02/00 I 8711 1920 1876 Nos.22 & 24 Leighton Road House, Lodge 1604/021002 8713 1922 1876 Nos.26 & 28 Leighton Road House, Lodge 1604/03 8712 1904 c.1870- 1880 West of Mount Tabor House Stable 2237102 8000 1000 16'" century Helsthorpe Farmhouse House 5589 8686 1892 - Church Street Congregational Ch 6673 8513 1816 - Independent Chapel Rowsham Nonconformist Ch 10571 8000 1000 - Manor Farmhouse House 10572 8500 1789 - Bailey's Fannhouse House 10573 85171781 - Seabrook Fannhouse House 10574 8600 1900 1.18'" century Vew Tree Cottage House 10575 8686 1902 1.14' _IS'" century Church Farm House House 10576 8600 1900 I. I 8m century The Old Post Office House 10577 8600 1900 17'" century The Rose & Crown Inn 10578 8600 1900 1.18' century Windmill House House 10579 8600 1900 I 5'"-e. 16'" century Garage at the Old Forge Barn 10580 8600 1900 I. I 8'" century The Garage, Dark Lane House, Worksho 10581 8000 1000 1877 NosJ & 4 The Green House 10582 8600 1900 17'" century Barn 30m to north of Manor Barn 10583 8000 1000 1.19'" century Barn, wall and gate piers Barn 10584 8000 1000 16'"- 17'" century Floyds Farmhouse House 10585 8000 1000 17'" century Maltby's Farmhouse House 10586 8000 1000 17'" century No.28 (Susan's Conage) House 10587 8000 1000 e.18'" century Barn to east of windmill Barn 10588 8000 1000 17" century Windmill Hill Farmhouse House 10589 8000 1000 1876 No.1 and Moat Cottage House 10590 8000 1000 c. 1876 Hillview Moat Lane House 10591 8600 1900 17' -8" century No.4 Nup End Lane House 10592 86001900 17'h century No.44 (Mollards Conage) House 10593 8600 1900 - Nup End Farmhouse House 10594 8600 1900 16"-1 7'" century Dean Leys House 10595 8000 1000 1876 Nos.!, 2 & 3 Recreation House Maclntyrt Ctnlrt, H'mgrtn't, Bllds. 14 -- I
t:JHutfordshl/'~ Archaeological Tnlsl 1M3 I 10596 8000 1000 1876 Nos.4 & 5 Recreati6n House 10597 8000 1000 1876 Nos.6 & 7 Recreation House 10598 8000 1000 1876 Nos.S & 9 Recreation House 10599 8000 I 1000 1876 Nos. I 0, 11 & 12 Recreation House 10600 8000 1000 1876 Nos.13 & 14 Recreation House I • I Appendix 3 List of Maps Date Map Scale LocatioD 1770 Jetfervs Map orBuckinghamshire I - BCAS 1798 Plan of the Parish of Wingrave with Rowsham on - BCAS I division and inclosure in the year 1798 1825 Bryant"s Map of Buckinghamshire - BCAS 1882-4 Ordnance Survey Bucks. Sheet XX IX & XXIV 6" BRLSS 1899 Ordnance Survey Bucks. Sheet XX IX-2 25" BRLSS
Appendix 4 List of Aerial Photograp hs consulted I Year A P number Area t Type 1948 3169 whole village - Vertical 1948 3170 whole village - Vertical 1948 3171 whole village - Vertical 1948 3172 whole village - Vertical 1966 2847 I whole village - Vertical I 1966 2848 whole village - Vertical 1966 2849 whole village - Vertical 1966 2850 whole village - Vertical 1966 2851 whole village - Vertical 1982 1739 NGR SP 86 19 E Opaque 1985 RC8-HE39 whole village - Vertical 1988 8888019 whole village - Vertical 1988 8888020 whole village - Vertical
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Maclntyre Centre. IVm grm·e. Bucks 15
I I I C HertjordJhire Archaeological Trosl lOOJ Bibliography
Buckingbamshire Arcbaeological Society (BAS) 2000 Buckinghamshire in the 1 760s and 1820s: The caunty maps ofJefferys and Bryant Publisher: BAS
Buckinghamshire County Museum Archaeological Service (BCMAS) 1988 Historic Parks and Gordens Register Review (Buckinghamshire) (Stage 1) Final Report Report No 508 Publisher: BCMAS for Engl ish Heritage
Buckinghamshire County Museum Arcbaeological Service (BCMAS) 1993 An archaeological evaluation at Parsonage Farm, Wingrave BCMAS unpublished report
Morley, M, & Morley, K. 1994 The great upheaval: an account of the enclosure of Wingrave and Rowsham in 1798 Publisher: Kenneth C. Morley
Pevsner, N. & Williamson, E. 1960 (second edition 1994) The buildings of England: Buckinghamshire Penguin Books
Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England) 1913 Buckinghamshire (North) Located at the Buckinghamshire County Archaeology Service (BCAS)
Sbeahan, J.J, 1862 History and topography of Buckinghamshire London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts
Soil Survey of England and Wales 1983 Legendfor the 1:250,000 Soil Map of England and Wales Harpenden
VCH 1969a Victoria County History of Buckinghamshire Volume 1 (ed Page, W.) University of London Institute of Historical Research, Dawsons of Pall Mall, Folkestone
VCH 1969b Victoria County History of Buckinghamshire Volume III (ed Page, W.) Un iversity of London Institute of Historical Research, Dawsons of Pall Mall, Folkestone
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Hert~rdshire ArchaeolOl!i=l Trust Fig.2 Detailed Site Location Scale: 1:2500 I I \ I • I I .. I ,. .\ ...7 ; .' I I ""' 176 ) I (; I I / I • -- • .. .. •I I • " >/ , ~ \ • , < /" • Herl o,dshintArchueolo cal Tru» I Pi .3 Archaeolo ical Sites Scale: 1:10000 Hertfordshire Archaeo/ogiclll Trust Fig.4 Jeffery's Map, 1770 I I. I SITE 5 -""". I /38 9 I I
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