Bibliography on a Selection of Ontologists from 1560 to 1644
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The Metaphysics of Time OA
Roskilde University Arthur Prior and Special Theory of Relativity: Two Standpoints from the Nachlass Kofod, Julie Lundbak Published in: The Metaphysics of Time Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Kofod, J. L. (2020). Arthur Prior and Special Theory of Relativity: Two Standpoints from the Nachlass. In P. Hasle, D. Jakobsen, & P. Øhrstrøm (Eds.), The Metaphysics of Time: Themes from Prior (pp. 227-247). Aalborg Universitetsforlag. Logic and Philosophy of Time Vol. 4 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 The Metaphysics of Time Logic and Philosophy of Time, Vol. 4 Per Hasle, David Jakobsen, and Peter Øhrstrøm (Eds.) The Metaphysics of Time: Themes from Prior Edited -
Ramism, Rhetoric and Reform an Intellectual Biography of Johan Skytte (1577–1645)
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Uppsala Studies in History of Ideas 42 Cover: Johan Skytte af Duderhof (1577–1645). Oil painting by Jan Kloppert (1670–1734). Uppsala universitets konstsamling. Jenny Ingemarsdotter Ramism, Rhetoric and Reform An Intellectual Biography of Johan Skytte (1577–1645) Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Auditorium Minus, Gustavianum, Akademigatan 3, Uppsala, Saturday, May 28, 2011 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in Swedish. Abstract Ingemarsdotter, J. 2011. Ramism, Rhetoric and Reform. An Intellectual Biography of Johan Skytte (1577–1645). Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Uppsala Studies in History of Ideas 42. 322 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8071-4. This thesis is an intellectual biography of the Swedish statesman Johan Skytte (1577–1645), focusing on his educational ideals and his contributions to educational reform in the early Swedish Age of Greatness. Although born a commoner, Skytte rose to be one of the most powerful men in Sweden in the first half of the seventeenth century, serving three generations of regents. As a royal preceptor and subsequently a university chancellor, Skytte appears as an early educational politician at a time when the Swedish Vasa dynasty initiated a number of far-reaching reforms, including the revival of Sweden’s only university at the time (in Uppsala). The contextual approach of the thesis shows how Skytte’s educational reform agenda was shaped by nationally motivated arguments as well as by a Late Renaissance humanist heritage, celebrating education as the foundation of all prosperous civilizations. Utilizing a largely unexplored source material written mostly in Latin, the thesis analyzes how Skytte’s educational arguments were formed already at the University of Marburg in the 1590s, where he learned to embrace the utility-orientated ideals of the French humanist Petrus Ramus (1515–1572). -
Ontology and Information Systems
Ontology and Information Systems 1 Barry Smith Philosophical Ontology Ontology as a branch of philosophy is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. ‘Ontology’ is often used by philosophers as a synonym for ‘metaphysics’ (literally: ‘what comes after the Physics’), a term which was used by early students of Aristotle to refer to what Aristotle himself called ‘first philosophy’.2 The term ‘ontology’ (or ontologia) was itself coined in 1613, independently, by two philosophers, Rudolf Göckel (Goclenius), in his Lexicon philosophicum and Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus), in his Theatrum philosophicum. The first occurrence in English recorded by the OED appears in Bailey’s dictionary of 1721, which defines ontology as ‘an Account of being in the Abstract’. Methods and Goals of Philosophical Ontology The methods of philosophical ontology are the methods of philosophy in general. They include the development of theories of wider or narrower scope and the testing and refinement of such theories by measuring them up, either against difficult 1 This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. BCS-9975557 (“Ontology and Geographic Categories”) and by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation under the auspices of its Wolfgang Paul Program. Thanks go to Thomas Bittner, Olivier Bodenreider, Anita Burgun, Charles Dement, Andrew Frank, Angelika Franzke, Wolfgang Grassl, Pierre Grenon, Nicola Guarino, Patrick Hayes, Kathleen Hornsby, Ingvar Johansson, Fritz Lehmann, Chris Menzel, Kevin Mulligan, Chris Partridge, David W. Smith, William Rapaport, Daniel von Wachter, Chris Welty and Graham White for helpful comments. -
History of Ontology from Suã¡Rez to Kant (1597-1781)
History of Ontology from Suárez to Kant (1597-1781) https://www.ontology.co/history.htm Theory and History of Ontology by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Birth of a New Science: the History of Ontology from Suárez to Kant INTRODUCTION "To begin with we want to state that ontology should be seen only as an interdiscipline involving both philosophy and science. It is a discipline which points out the problems of the foundations of the sciences as well as the borderline questions, and which further attempts to solve these problems and questions. Ontology is not a discipline which exists separately and independently from all the other scientific disciplines and also from other branches of philosophy. Rather, ontology derives the general structure of the world; it obtains the structure of the world as it really is from knowledge embodied in other disciplines. If one examines the history of philosophy one sees that ontology has never solved or attempted to solve the questions about the structures of our world independently, apart from the other philosophical disciplines or apart from the sciences. As is expressed by this symposium's topic, "Language and Ontology", ontology has derived the world's structure from other disciplines which describe reality, and has thus relied upon the languages of other disciplines. A common belief is that this derivation of the world's most general structures from the knowledge of other disciplines is ontology's only task. But now the belief is that in doing ontology one always selects the most important and most general laws from among all the laws which the various disciplines have to offer at any given time. -
1 Preprint. Forthcoming in in Reshaping Natural Philosophy: Tradition and Innovation in the Academic Milieu, Edited by Andrea Sa
1 Postprint. Please cite published version in History of Universities 30/2 (2020):57-84. Domesticating Descartes, Renovating Scholasticism: Johann Clauberg And The German Reception Of Cartesianism Nabeel Hamid Abstract This article studies the academic context in which Cartesianism was absorbed in Germany in the mid-seventeenth century. It focuses on the role of Johann Clauberg (1622-1665), first rector of the new University of Duisburg, in adjusting scholastic tradition to accommodate Descartes’ philosophy, thereby making the latter suitable for teaching in universities. It highlights contextual motivations behind Clauberg’s synthesis of Cartesianism with the existing framework such as a pedagogical interest in Descartes as offering a simpler method, and a systematic concern to disentangle philosophy from theological disputes. These motivations are brought into view by situating Clauberg in the closely-linked contexts of Protestant educational reforms in the seventeenth century, and debates around the proper relation between philosophy and theology. In this background, it argues that Clauberg nevertheless retains an Aristotelian conception of ontology for purely philosophical reasons, specifically, to give objective foundations to Descartes’s metaphysics of substance. In conclusion, Clauberg should not be assimilated either to Aristotelianism or to Cartesianism or, indeed, to syncretic labels such as ‘Cartesian Scholastic’. Instead, he should be read as transforming both schools by drawing on a variety of elements in order to address issues local to the academic milieu of his time. Keywords: Johann Clauberg; Cartesian Scholastic; German Cartesianism; Protestant Scholasticism; Early Modern Aristotelianism; University of Duisburg; Ontology; German Reformed Education. 1. Descartes In Germany A century and a half ago, Francisque Bouillier observed that ‘Cartesianism did not have as great an influence in Germany as in Holland or France.’1 Descartes’s appearance in Germany faced unique circumstances. -
Database and Ontology Mini-Series Data and Process Revisited
Ontolog: Database And Ontology Mini-Series Data and process revisited: ontology driving a paradigm shift in the development of business application systems Chris Partridge BORO Centre – Chief Ontologist Caveat – area of interest • Large Operational •Semantic Web Business Systems, Applications e.g. – “Collective –ERP Systems Knowledge” Systems –CRM Systems – Social networking – –FX Settlement Facebook Systems –Wikis – Trading Accounting – Bio-medical Systems dictionaries – Retail POS Systems • Inference – Telecom Billing – Logics – first order, Systems description Page 2 - © 2007 The BORO Centre Ltd. Thesis 1. There is a common interest in ‘what exists’ (= ontology) in philosophy and business systems 2. The business systems community works within a paradigm for this that is not adequate for the development of modern large complex systems 3. A review of where ontology fits into the development process leads to a proposal for revising this paradigm 4. The revised paradigm leads to a reassessment of one of today’s key IT problems – the re-development of legacy systems Page 3 - © 2007 The BORO Centre Ltd. Ontology: Philosophy and Business Systems •Goal: – Establish that there is a common interest in what exists (= ontology). – Start with a brief history of ontology Page 4 - © 2007 The BORO Centre Ltd. A brief history of Ontology • History of the word – The word ontology is from the Greek ὄν, genitive ὄντος: of being (part. of εἶναι: to be) and -λογία: science, study, theory. – While the etymology is Greek, the oldest extant record of the word itself is the Latin form ontologia, which appeared in 1661, in the work Ogdoas Scholastica by Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus) and in 1631 in the Lexicon Philosophicum by Rudolph Göckel (Goclenius). -
The Subject Matter of First Philosophy
The Subject Matter of First Philosophy https://www.ontology.co/subject-metaphysics.htm Theory and History of Ontology by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Metaphysics or Ontology? The Debate about the Subject-Matter of First Philosophy INTRODUCTION "As it now exists, the subject of metaphysics can be described by a distinction that became standard in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. (*) According to this distinction, metaphysics has two principal divisions: general metaphysics and special metaphysics. General metaphysics includes ontology and most of what has been called universal science; it is concerned, on the whole, with the general nature of reality: with problems about abstract and concrete being, the nature of particulars, the distinction between appearance and reality, and the universal principles holding true of what has fundamental being. Special metaphysics is concerned with certain problems about particular kinds or aspects of being. These special problems are associated with the distinction between the mental and the physical, the possibility of human freedom, the nature of personal identity, the possibility of survival after death, and the existence of God. The traditional subject of what is real as opposed to what is mere appearance is treated in both general and special metaphysics, for some of the issues relevant to it are more general or fundamental than others." (p.11) Notes (*) See, for example, Baruch Spinoza, "Thoughts on Metaphysics," in Earlier Philosophical Writings, trans. Frank A. Hayes (Indianapolis, 1963), pp. 107-61. See also the note on "Pneumatology" in G. W. von Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding, trans. Peter Remnant and Jonathan Bennett (Cambridge, Eng., 1981), p. -
Barry Smith 1 ARTIFICIAL COMPANIONS Ontology As A
THE RELEVANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ONTOLOGY TO INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Barry Smith Preprint version of a paper to appear in Ruth Hagengruber and Uwe Riss (eds.), Philosophy, Computing and Information Science, London: Pickering and Chatto, 2014, 75-83 1 ARTIFICIAL COMPANIONS Ontology as a branch of philosophy is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. The earliest use of the term ‘ontology’ (or ‘ontologia’) seems to have been in 1606 in the book Ogdoas Scholas- tica by the German Protestant scholastic Jacob Lorhard. For Lorhard, as for many subsequent philosophers, ‘ontology’ is a synonym of ‘metaphysics’ (a label meaning literally: ‘what comes after the Physics’), a term used by early students of Aristotle to refer to what Aristotle himself called ‘first philosophy’. Some philosophers use ‘ontology’ and ‘metaphysics’ to refer to two distinct, though interrelated, disciplines, the former to refer to the study of what might exist; the latter to the study of which of the various alternative possible ontologies is in fact true of reality.1 The term – and the philosophical discipline of ontology – has enjoyed a checkered history since 1606, with a significant expansion, and consolidation, in recent decades (see Figure 1, which records references to ‘ontology’ in items accessible to the google website). We shall not discuss here the successive rises and falls in philosophical acceptance of the term, but rather focus on certain phases in the history of recent philosophy which are most relevant to the consideration of its recent advance, and increased acceptance, also outside the discipline of philosophy. -
Article JOURNAL of CATALAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY, Issues 7&8, 2014 | Print ISSN 2014-1572 / Online ISSN 2014-1564 DOI: 10.2436/20.3001.02.85 | P
article JOURNAL OF CATALAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY, Issues 7&8, 2014 | Print ISSN 2014-1572 / Online ISSN 2014-1564 DOI: 10.2436/20.3001.02.85 | P. 11-30 Reception date: 8/11/2013 / Admission date: 12/12/2013 http://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/JOCIH Three theses on the historiography and ontology of Ferrater Mora Pompeu Casanovas Institute of Law and Technology Autonomous University of Barcelona [email protected] abstract This paper advances three theses on the link between ontology and history in Ferrater Mora’s works: (i) his intellectual history is a second-order semantic history, (ii) his ontology may be defined as a second-order hermeneutics, and (iii) his philosophy (which he called integrationism) consists of a second-order dialogue that, despite its limitations, comes to make sense within the latest generation of the Web. The paper also considers the role of computational ontologies in the management and organisation of philosophical contents. key words Ferrater Mora, ontology, ontologies, intellectual history, philosophy of history, integrationism. 1. Three theses on Ferrater Let me begin directly by spelling out the three theses that I would like to defend1: 1. Ferrater’s brand of intellectual history — I am referring to the history con- structed in his Dictionary2 and related articles — constitutes a second-order semantic history. 1 This paper is a revised version of a text presented at a conference devoted to the philosopher and essayist Josep Ferrater Mora (Barcelona 1912-1991) in commemoration of the cente- nary of his birth, organised jointly by the IEC and the Ferrater Mora Chair in Barcelona and Girona, respectively, on 7 and 8 November 2012. -
“Unheard of Curiosities” an Exhibition of Rare Books on the Occult and Esoteric Sciences
“Unheard of Curiosities” An Exhibition of Rare Books on the Occult and Esoteric Sciences Exhibition Catalog by Erika B. Gorder February 2014 Special Collections and University Archives Rutgers University Libraries About the Exhibition “Unheard-of Curiosities”: An Exhibition of Rare Books on the Occult and Esoteric Sciences showcases rare books from Special Collections and University Archives that display evidence of the enduring popular interest in a diverse constellation of “occult” topics from the 16th century to the present day. The exhibition primarily features books collected by the late Rutgers Professor of English, Clement Fairweather (the "Fairweather Collection"), which predominantly center on astrology and early astronomy from the 17th through the 19th centuries. Secondary topics include prediction and prophecy, demons and the devil, witchcraft and magic, the mysteries of ancient Egypt, and the 19th and-early-20th-century occult revival. A temporal rift in the collection is evident, roughly divided between works from the 17th century and the 19th century. The exhibition's topical boundaries are drawn by the Fairweather Collection itself—both its strengths and weaknesses. The curators reviewed the collection of nearly 300 volumes and identified major areas of concentration: astrology, astronomy, astrological medicine, alchemy and hermeticism, witchcraft, and prophecy and prognostication. Some topics, though not documented with great depth in the Fairweather Collection, are nonetheless featured because of their novelty or significance within the framework of the history of the occult. These include Merlin, magic and spells, Aleister Crowley, Egyptology, and cartomancy. Where relevant, books from the general rare book collection are included to enhance and illuminate a subject. -
Ontology in Classical Greek Philosophy
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0) Knowledge Engineering with Semantic Web Technologies Lecture 3: Ontologies and Logic 3.13 EXTRA: A Brief History of Ontology Dr. Harald Sack Hasso Plattner Institute for IT Systems Engineering University of Potsdam Autumn 2015 Semantic Web Technologies , Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam What is Ontology? ● Etymology: ○ ον [greek] participle of „to be“ ○ λογια [greek] science ● (simplified) Definition: ○ „philosophical study of the nature of being, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations....“ (wikipedia) ● General Question: ○ „what does exist or can be said to exist?“ ● General Metaphysics vs. Epistemology Jacob Lorhard: Ogdoas Scholastica, continens Diagraphen Typicam artium: Grammatices (Latinae, Graecae), SemanticLogices, Web Rhetorices, Technologies Astronomices, , Dr. Harald Ethices, Sack, Physices, Hasso Plattner Metaphysices, Institute, seu Ontologiae.University Sangalli:of Potsdam Straub, 1606 Fundamental Questions of Ontology 1. What does it mean for a being to be? ● When are two things identical? ● Is everything that exists also real? ● Does something exist, if it is only possible? ● Are there non-existing things? 2. What categories of objects do exist? ● Do things exist that are only unique or only multiple (Universalia)? ● Do things exist that are unilaterally dependent of others (Substances)? ● Of which sort is this dependency (Causality)? ● Do necessary properties -
De Nihilo’ and Its Legacy
erudition and the republic of letters 5 (2020) 237-273 brill.com/erl The Poetics of Nothing: Jean Passerat’s ‘De Nihilo’ and its Legacy Paul White Associate Professor of Classics, School of Languages, Cultures and Societies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK [email protected] Abstract On 1 January 1582 the poet and scholar Jean Passerat (1534–1602) sent a gift to his patron Henri de Mesmes: a poem in Latin hexameters about nothing (“De nihilo”). It became a literary sensation, prompting, over the next decades, a long and varied se- quence of poetic and prose responses in Latin and vernacular languages by various authors competing to out-do Passerat, and one another, in ingenuity. Why did this poem catch the imagination of so many as the sixteenth century turned into the seventeenth? This article offers the first complete account of the ‘Nothing’ phenome- non, as it passed between multiple languages, literary genres and cultural contexts. It traces its dissemination via networks linked to institutions of learning, to academies and salons, to patrons and to coteries of poets. Focusing on the French context in par- ticular, it then goes on to argue that the literary and political significance of these texts is greater than has hitherto been recognized. Keywords Jean Passerat – adoxography – paradoxical encomium – Neo-Latin – imitatio – satire – Negative Theology – Wars of Religion © Paul White, 2020 | doi:10.1163/24055069-00503001 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license. from Brill.com02/08/2021 03:27:21PM via University of Leeds <UN> 238 White What seems beautiful to me, what I should like to write, is a book about nothing, a book dependent on nothing external, which would be held together by the internal strength of its style, just as the earth, suspended in the void, depends on noth- ing external for its support… Gustave Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, 16 January 1852 (trans.