DOCSLIB.ORG

Topotype-Based Redescription of the Leech Torix Tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Topotype-Based Redescription of the Leech Torix Tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae) PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 133:59–71. Published 11 August 2020. Topotype-based redescription of the leech Torix tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae) Chiaki Kambayashi, Atsushi Kurabayashi, and Takafumi Nakano* (CK, AK) Department of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan (AK) Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/pbsw/article-pdf/133/1/59/2592812/i0006-324x-133-1-59.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 (TN) Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—A poorly-known proboscidate leech species, Torix tukubana (Oka, 1935), in which the mid-body somites are biannulate dorsally and triannulate ventrally, is redescribed based on new specimens collected from its type locality, Mt. Tsukubasan in Honshu, Japan. The redescription provides the internal digestive and genital organs of T. tukubana for the first time. Our observation reveals that this species possesses equal-sized 1st–6th pairs of crop ceca that are nondiverticulated and tubular ovisacs running alongside the ventral nerve cord. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 18S rRNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 12S rRNA, tRNALeu, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers reveal that T. tukubana is closely related to the Palearctic Hemiclepsis Vejdovsky´, 1884, in which the mid-body somites are triannulate. Keywords: ectoparasite, ‘‘Rhynchobdellida,’’ Toricinae, internal anatomy, molecular phylogeny, COI The leech family Glossiphoniidae is a genera, i.e., Oligobdella Mo3ore, 1928, has diversified group of proboscidate leeches, already been synonymized with the triannu- with over 200 described species from world- late Placobdella Blanchard, 1893 (Siddall et wide (Sket & Trontelj 2008). While the mid- al. 2005), and O. brasiliensis Cordero, 1937 body somite of most glossiphoniid species has been transferred to Haementeria (Oce- consists of three annuli (triannulate), it is guera-Figueroa 2012). further subdivided in species of Haementeria The biannulate glossiphoniid genus Oli- De Filippi, 1849 exceptionally, and some goclepsis Oka, 1935 was erected along with a species possess reduced two-annuli (biannu- description of its type species O. tukubana late) mid-body somites. Although several Oka, 1935 based on three specimens collect- genera have been established for these ed from Mt. Tsukubasan (‘‘mont Tukuba’’ biannulate species, recent molecular phylo- in the description) on the island of Honshu genetic studies have revealed that the in Japan (Oka 1935). The genus was biannulation of mid-body somites evolved characterized by mid-body somites that are in parallel within Glossiphoniidae (Light & biannulate dorsally and triannulate ventral- Siddall 1999, Siddall et al. 2005, Oceguera- ly, and the possession of numerous papillae Figueroa 2012). One of the biannulate on the dorsal surface. Oligoclepsis was later * Corresponding author. placed into the genus Torix Blanchard, 1893, DOI: 10.2988/20-00003 along with other species, in which mid-body 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON somites are at least biannulate dorsally, localities were obtained using a Garmin inhabiting the Eastern Palearctic as well as eTrex GPS unit. Northeastern Oriental regions (Sawyer The collected leeches were individually 1986). However, little is known regarding kept at 168C in the laboratory to digest internal morphology of the type species of their blood meal. Subsequently, the spec- Torix, T. mirus Blanchard, 1893 described imens were relaxed by the gradual addition from Cao Bang, Vietnam (Blanchard 1893, of 99% ethanol to freshwater. A quarter of 1898), and three species of the genus the caudal sucker was taken from every (including T. tukubana) described from specimen for DNA extraction and the Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/pbsw/article-pdf/133/1/59/2592812/i0006-324x-133-1-59.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Japan (Oka 1925a, b, 1935). remaining bodies were fixed in 10% for- Compared to the Nearctic biannulate malin and preserved in 70% ethanol. The leeches, few molecular phylogenetic analyses following four body measurements were of the Palearctic species has been performed. taken: body length from the anterior Glossiphonia baicalensis (Stschegolew, 1922) margin of the oral sucker to the posterior (originally Torix baicalensis), which is a margin of the caudal sucker (BL), maxi- biannulate species endemic to Lake Baikal mum body width (BW), caudal sucker (Stschegolew 1922, Lukin & Epshtein 1960a, length from the anterior margin to the Kaygorodova 2012), is exceptional in that its posterior margin of the sucker (CL), and phylogenetic position was estimated to be caudal sucker width from the right to the within the triannulate genus Glossiphonia left margins of the sucker (CW). Exami- Johnson, 1816 (Light & Siddall 1999, Siddall nation, dissection and drawing of the et al. 2005). Consequently, a precise under- specimens were accomplished under ste- standing of systematic accounts of the reoscopic microscopes with a drawing tube Palearctic biannulate taxa has been ham- (Leica M125C and Olympus SZX7). Im- pered by a lack of both of morphological ages of the specimens were captured with and molecular backbones. the aid of a Leica MC170 HD digital As the first step in re-evaluating the camera mounted on the Leica M125C, and systematic status of Torix leeches, espe- assembled using Leica Application Suite v. cially those inhabiting Japan and adjacent 4.12 software. Specimens used in this study areas, contemporary specimens matching have been deposited in the Zoological the description of T. tukubana (Oka 1935) Collection of Kyoto University (KUZ). were collected from the type locality. In The leech collection at the National this paper, their external and internal Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, morphological characters are fully provid- Japan (NSMT) including most of Oka’s ed, revisiting the taxonomic status of this leech collection (Nakano 2010) was sur- species. In addition, the phylogenetic veyed to confirm whether the type series of position of T. tukubana within Glossipho- T. tukubana remains. Although a portion niidae is estimated based on nuclear and of Oka’s collection is kept at The Univer- mitochondrial genetic markers. sity Museum, The University of Tokyo (UMUT), its type series was not discov- ered in the UMUT zoological collection Materials and Methods (Nakano & Itoh 2011). The somite numbering convention is Sampling and morphological examina- based on Moore (1927): body somites are tion.—Leech specimens were collected denoted by Roman numerals and the from the type locality of T. tukubana, annuli in each somite are given alphanu- Mt. Tsukubasan in Ibaraki Prefecture, meric designations. Japan. Leeches were found in mountain Molecular phylogenetic analysis.—The streams. Altitude and coordinates for the phylogenetic position of Torix tukubana VOLUME 133 61 within Glossiphoniidae was determined position; GTR þ G for COI second based on one nuclear and three mitochon- position; GTR þ I þ G for COI third drial gene markers: (1) 18S rRNA (18S), position; GTR þ G for 12S and tRNALeu; (2) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), GTR þ I þ G for ND1 first position; GTR (3) 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, and 16S rRNA þ G for ND1 second position; and HKY þ (12S–16S), and (4) tRNALeu and NADH G for ND1 third position. The ML dehydrogenase subunit 1 (tRNALeu– phylogeny was inferred using IQ-TREE, ND1). Total DNA of each specimen was then a nonparametric bootstrapping (BS) extracted from the caudal sucker using was conducted with 1000 pseudoreplicates. Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/pbsw/article-pdf/133/1/59/2592812/i0006-324x-133-1-59.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 phenol/chloroform extraction with ‘‘DNA BI tree and Bayesian posterior probabili- sui-sui’’ buffer (Rizo Inc.). The primer sets, ties (PPs) were obtained using MrBayes v. methods and cycle conditions used in the 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Two indepen- polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and dent runs of four Markov chains were cycle sequencing reactions basically fol- conducted for 20 million generations, and lowed Nakano and Lai (2016) except for a tree was sampled every 100 generations. the usage of a primer, LCO-inerpo2 The parameter estimates and convergence (Nakano 2016), instead of LCO-in (Naka- were checked using Tracer v. 1.7.1 (Ram- no 2012) for COI, and PCR reaction kit, baut et al. 2018), and the first 20,001 trees EmeraldAmp PCR Master Mix (Takara were discarded based on the result. Bio). In total, four molecular markers of Pairwise comparisons of the uncorrected four specimens of T. tukubana were newly p-distance for COI sequences (651 bp) obtained in this study and deposited with obtained from the present T. tukubana the International Nucleotide Sequence specimens and another population from Database Collaboration (INSDC) through Hiroshima in eastern Honshu (Kambaya- the DNA Data Bank of Japan (Table 1). shi et al. 2019) (Table 1), as well as those According to the previous phylogenetic from the species closely related to T. studies (Siddall et al. 2005, de Carle et al. tukubana revealed by the present phyloge- 2017), 25 glossiphoniid operational taxo- netic analyses were calculated using nomic units (OTUs) were included as MEGA X (Kumar et al. 2018). ingroup taxa (Table 1). Additionally, three proboscidate oceanobdelliforms and one acanthobdellidan species were selected as the outgroup taxa. The protein and RNA Taxonomy genes were aligned using TranslatorX with Genus Torix Blanchard, 1893 the default setting (Abascal et al. 2010) Torix tukubana (Oka, 1935) and MAFFT v. 7.427 with the L-INS-i (Figs. 1, 2) option (Katoh and Standley 2013), respec- Oligoclepsis tukubana Oka, 1935: 66–68, tively. The length of the 18S, COI, 12S, one text figure; Autrum 1936: 36, fig. Leu and tRNA –ND1 sequences were 1879, 24; Lukin & Epshtein 1960b: 479; Soo´s 662, 370, and 704 bp, respectively.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Article Genetic Diversity of Freshwater Leeches in Lake Gusinoe (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation e Scientific World Journal Volume 2014, Article ID 619127, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619127 Research Article Genetic Diversity of Freshwater Leeches in Lake Gusinoe (Eastern Siberia, Russia) Irina A. Kaygorodova,1 Nadezhda Mandzyak,1 Ekaterina Petryaeva,1,2 and Nikolay M. Pronin3 1 Limnological Institute, 3 Ulan-Batorskaja Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia 2 Irkutsk State University, 5 Sukhe-Bator Street, Irkutsk 664003, Russia 3 Institute of General and Experimental Biology, 6 Sakhyanova Street, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia Correspondence should be addressed to Irina A. Kaygorodova; [email protected] Received 30 July 2014; Revised 7 November 2014; Accepted 7 November 2014; Published 27 November 2014 Academic Editor: Rafael Toledo Copyright © 2014 Irina A. Kaygorodova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The study of leeches from Lake Gusinoe and its adjacent area offered us the possibility to determine species diversity. Asa result, an updated species list of the Gusinoe Hirudinea fauna (Annelida, Clitellata) has been compiled. There are two orders and three families of leeches in the Gusinoe area: order Rhynchobdellida (families Glossiphoniidae and Piscicolidae) and order Arhynchobdellida (family Erpobdellidae). In total, 6 leech species belonging to 6 genera have been identified. Of these, 3 taxa belonging to the family Glossiphoniidae (Alboglossiphonia heteroclita f. papillosa, Hemiclepsis marginata,andHelobdella stagnalis) and representatives of 3 unidentified species (Glossiphonia sp., Piscicola sp., and Erpobdella sp.) have been recorded. The checklist gives a contemporary overview of the species composition of leeches and information on their hosts or substrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for the Capture and Management of Digital Zoological Names Information Francisco W
    Guidelines for the Capture and Management of Digital Zoological Names Information Francisco W. Welter-Schultes Version 1.1 March 2013 Suggested citation: Welter-Schultes, F.W. (2012). Guidelines for the capture and management of digital zoological names information. Version 1.1 released on March 2013. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 126 pp, ISBN: 87-92020-44-5, accessible online at http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2784. ISBN: 87-92020-44-5 (10 digits), 978-87-92020-44-4 (13 digits). Persistent URI: http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2784. Language: English. Copyright © F. W. Welter-Schultes & Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2012. Disclaimer: The information, ideas, and opinions presented in this publication are those of the author and do not represent those of GBIF. License: This document is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Document Control: Version Description Date of release Author(s) 0.1 First complete draft. January 2012 F. W. Welter- Schultes 0.2 Document re-structured to improve February 2012 F. W. Welter- usability. Available for public Schultes & A. review. González-Talaván 1.0 First public version of the June 2012 F. W. Welter- document. Schultes 1.1 Minor editions March 2013 F. W. Welter- Schultes Cover Credit: GBIF Secretariat, 2012. Image by Levi Szekeres (Romania), obtained by stock.xchng (http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1389360). March 2013 ii Guidelines for the management of digital zoological names information Version 1.1 Table of Contents How to use this book ......................................................................... 1 SECTION I 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 2 1.1. Identifiers and the role of Linnean names ......................................... 2 1.1.1 Identifiers ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article
    Review Article Leech Therapeutic Applications A. M. ABDUALKADER*, A. M. GHAWI1, M. ALAAMA, M. AWANG AND A. MERZOUK2 Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and 1Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, 2Biopep Solutions Inc., 235-11590 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC V6X 3Z5, Canada Abdualkader, et al.: Leeching Hematophagous animals including leeches have been known to possess biologically active compounds in their secretions, especially in their saliva. The blood‑sucking annelids, leeches have been used for therapeutic purposes since the beginning of civilization. Ancient Egyptian, Indian, Greek and Arab physicians used leeches for a wide range of diseases starting from the conventional use for bleeding to systemic ailments, such as skin diseases, nervous system abnormalities, urinary and reproductive system problems, inflammation, and dental problems. Recently, extensive researches on leech saliva unveiled the presence of a variety of bioactive peptides and proteins involving antithrombin (hirudin, bufrudin), antiplatelet (calin, saratin), factor Xa inhibitors (lefaxin), antibacterial (theromacin, theromyzin) and others. Consequently, leech has made a comeback as a new remedy for many chronic and life‑threatening abnormalities, such as cardiovascular problems, cancer, metastasis, and infectious diseases. In the 20th century, leech therapy has established itself in plastic and microsurgery as a protective tool against venous congestion and served
    [Show full text]
  • Anticancer Effects of Medical Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract (LSE) Ahmed Merzouk1*, Abbas Mohammad Ghawi2, Abdualrahman M
    A tica nal eu yt c ic a a m A r a c t Merzouk et al., Pharm Anal Acta 2012, S15 h a P āĜĒ9 10.4172/2153-2435.S15-001 ISSN: 2153-2435 Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta Research Article Open Access Anticancer Effects of Medical Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract (LSE) Ahmed Merzouk1*, Abbas Mohammad Ghawi2, Abdualrahman M. Abdualkader3, Abubakar Danjuma Abdullahi2 and Mohamed Alaama3 1Biopep Solutions Inc., Vancouver, BC Canada 2Basic Medical Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 3Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Abstract Leech saliva contains biologically active compounds that are mainly proteins & peptides. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a form of cell lung carcinoma. In this study a modified and smooth extraction method of saliva was used without leech scarification. Trying to find out the biological activity of medical Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract as cytotoxic in vitro, the SW 1271 cell line was grown and maintained in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum at 37°C in normal atmospheric air. Serial dilutions of LSE were added to the cell line SW 1271 media for testing the cytotoxic activities.Result revealed that the LSE has a cytotoxic activity against small cell lung cancer(SW 1271 cell line) with IC50 of 119.844 µg/ml compared with IC50 values of two reference standard drugs Irinotecan (5.81 µg/ml) and Carboplatin(18.754 µg/ml). In a combination regimen, LSE reduced the IC50 of Carboplatin & Irinotecan by 65% & 11.5% respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Haementeria Lutzi Pinto, 1920 (Hirudinea
    Araujo Carreira et al., Entomol Ornithol Herpetol 2013, 2:2 Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0983.1000108 ResearchResearch Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Haementeria lutzi Pinto, 1920 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) as a putative Vector of Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Pantanal Matogrossense (MS, Brazil) João Carlos Araujo Carreira1*, Bianca dos Santos Carvalho1, Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil2 and Alba Valéria Machado da Silva3 1IOC/Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Parasitary Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract In the present study, it was shown under experimental conditions that Trypanosoma evansi could be mechanically transmitted to Rattus norvegicus by leeches (Haementeria lutzi). Additionally, we also described some aspects related to the behavior of the Trypanosoma evansi in the leeches after an infective blood feeding, as follows: a) 10 minutes after the parasites were ingested; they promptly progressed to the coelomic cavity. b) Approximately, from 10 to 30 minutes inside the gut, rounded and dividing forms together with stumpy and slender trypomastigotes showed a random dispersion. c) 24 hours after, the trypanosomes also invaded both, the salivary glands as well as the proboscis cells. Our results suggest that leeches of the species Haementeria lutzi could have some role as a probable alternative vector of Trypanosoma evansi at wetlands in Brazil. Keywords: Trypanosoma evansi; Haementeria lutzi; Mechanical Tubangui [19] in Manila has used two species of leeches in transmission; Experimental infection; Leeches experimental infections; namely the water’s leech, Hirudinaria manillensis, and land’s leech, Haemadipsa zeylanica.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Hirudinea, Incl
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Hirudinea, incl. Acanthobdellea and Branchiobdellea Minelli, A.; Sket, B.; de Jong, Y. DOI 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4015 Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Published in Biodiversity Data Journal License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Minelli, A., Sket, B., & de Jong, Y. (2014). Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Hirudinea, incl. Acanthobdellea and Branchiobdellea. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2, [e4015]. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e4015 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:25 Sep 2021 Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4015 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4015 Data paper
    [Show full text]
  • 11020718.Pdf
    PROVISIONAL ATLAS OF THE FRESHWATER LEECHES OF THE BRITISH ISLES compiled by J.M. Elliott & P.A. Tullett Freshwater Biological Association Occasional Publication No. 14 1982 PREFACE CONTENTS Many of the original editions of the Scientific Publications of the Page Freshwater Biological Association contained distribution maps. Experience showed that these were often misleading, as they tended to indicate the INTRODUCTION 4 distribution of collectors and their collecting activities rather than that of the animals concerned. We have therefore discontinued publishing SOURCES OF RECORDS 5 maps with our keys. However, we have continued to collect records of the COVERAGE AND MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN DISTRIBUTION 5 distribution of many groups and the publication of a key (or a new edition of one) tends to stimulate collecting and enhance knowledge of distribution. FUTURE RECORDING 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 10 Such has been the case for the leeches. Dr Elliott and Dr Mann published a revised key in 1979. Dr Elliott and Mrs Tullett, with the REFERENCES 11 help of many others, have now checked and collated all the records known MAPS to them. As an experiment, these records are now being published as one of the Association's Occasional Publications. We think that this rather Map 1 : 10 km squares recorded 15 cheaper and more ephemeral form of publication is more appropriate for Map 2 : Piscicola geometra 16 distribution maps, as these may well become out-of-date quite soon. Map 3 : Haementevia costata 17 Map 4 : Theromyzon tessulatum 18 The collection, checking and collation of distribution records is Map 5 : Hemiclepsis marginata 19 time-consuming and is worth doing only if the information such maps Map 6 : Glossiphonia heteroclita 20 provide is scientifically meaningful and valuable.
    [Show full text]
  • Siddall IS04034.Qxd
    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/is Invertebrate Systematics, 2005, 19, 105–112 Phylogenetic evaluation of systematics and biogeography of the leech family Glossiphoniidae Mark E. SiddallA,B, Rebecca B. BudinoffA and Elizabeth BordaA ADivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. The phylogenetic relationships of Glossiphoniidae, a leech family characterised by its high degree of parental care, were investigated with the combined use of morphological data and three molecular datasets. There was strong support for monophyly of most accepted genera in the group, many of which are consistent with eyespot morphology. The genera Desserobdella Barta & Sawyer, 1990 and Oligobdella Moore, 1918 are suppressed as junior synonyms of Placobdella Blanchard, 1893 and thus recognising each of Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) Moore, 1906, Placobdella phalera (Graf, 1899) Moore, 1906, and Placobdella biannulata (Moore, 1900), comb. nov. The species Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill, 1872) Castle, 1900 and Helobdella modesta (Verrill, 1872), comb. nov. are resurrected for the North American counterparts to European non-sanguivorous species. Glossphonia baicalensis (Stschegolew, 1922), comb. nov. is removed from the genus Torix Blanchard 1898 and Alboglossiphonia quadrata (Moore, 1949) Sawyer, 1986 is removed from the genus Hemiclepsis Vejdovsky, 1884. The biogeographic implications of the phylogenetic hypothesis are evaluated in the context of what is already known for vertebrate hosts and Tertiary continental arrangements. Introduction 1999) and therostatin from Theromyzon tessulatum (Müller, Glossiphoniidae is among the more species rich leech 1774) (Chopin et al. 2000). The anticoagulative properties of families in terms of described numbers of species (Sawyer saliva from species of Haementeria probably have been the 1986; Ringuelet 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Leeches As the Intermediate Host for Strigeid Trematodes: Genetic
    Pyrka et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:44 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04538-9 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Leeches as the intermediate host for strigeid trematodes: genetic diversity and taxonomy of the genera Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928 Ewa Pyrka1, Gerard Kanarek2* , Grzegorz Zaleśny3 and Joanna Hildebrand1 Abstract Background: Leeches (Hirudinida) play a signifcant role as intermediate hosts in the circulation of trematodes in the aquatic environment. However, species richness and the molecular diversity and phylogeny of larval stages of strigeid trematodes (tetracotyle) occurring in this group of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we report our use of recently obtained sequences of several molecular markers to analyse some aspects of the ecology, taxon- omy and phylogeny of the genera Australapatemon and Cotylurus, which utilise leeches as intermediate hosts. Methods: From April 2017 to September 2018, 153 leeches were collected from several sampling stations in small rivers with slow-fowing waters and related drainage canals located in three regions of Poland. The distinctive forms of tetracotyle metacercariae collected from leeches supplemented with adult Strigeidae specimens sampled from a wide range of water birds were analysed using the 28S rDNA partial gene, the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) region and the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) fragment. Results: Among investigated leeches, metacercariae of the tetracotyle type were detected in the parenchyma and musculature of 62 specimens (prevalence 40.5%) with a mean intensity reaching 19.9 individuals. The taxonomic generic afliation of metacercariae derived from the leeches revealed the occurrence of two strigeid genera: Aus- tralapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Ponds Across an Urban Land-Use Gradient in Birmingham, U.K
    Water quality, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in ponds across an urban land-use gradient in Birmingham, U.K. Ian Adam George Thornhill A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham December 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The ecology of ponds is threatened by urbanisation and as cities expand pond habitats are disappearing at an alarming rate. Pond communities are structured by local (water quality, physical) and regional (land-use, connectivity) processes. Since ca1904 >80% of ponds in Birmingham, U.K., have been lost due to land-use intensification, resulting in an increasingly diffuse network. A survey of thirty urban ponds revealed high spatial and temporal variability in water quality, which frequently failed environmental standards. Most were eutrophic, although macrophyte-rich, well connected ponds supported macroinvertebrate assemblages of high conservation value. Statistically, local physical variables (e.g. shading) explained more variation, both in water quality and macroinvertebrate community composition than regional factors.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Leech Species from Poland
    Wiadomoœci Parazytologiczne 2011, 57(1), 11–20 Copyright© 2011 Polish Parasitological Society We dedicate this work to Mrs Professor Katarzyna Niewiadomska and Mrs Professor Teresa Pojmańska A checklist of leech species from Poland Aleksander Bielecki 1, Joanna M. Cichocka 1, Iwona Jeleń 1, Piotr Świątek 2, Żaneta Adamiak-Brud 1 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 5 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 2Department of Animals Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland Corresponding author: Aleksander Bielecki; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT . In this study 47 leech species from Poland are listed. They belong to two orders, two suborders, five families and 17 genera. The checklist also includes the information about hosts, distribution in Poland and references concerning the leech species discussed in this study. Leeches (Hirudinida) are relative of morphological and anatomical standards into the oligochaetes, which are related to clitellates. Until systematics of piscicolids (fish leeches) that gave last years [3,4] the division of class Hirudinea into rise to a manifold increase of the number of Polish three subclasses: Branchiobdellidea, Acantho - species. Bogdanowicz et al. [2] has listed 44 leech bdellidea and Euhirudinea was accepted. Currently, species, occurring in Poland. At present the more and more common is the classification, that occurrence of 47 leech species in Poland is has been proposed by Siddall et al. [5]. According to documented in this article (Table 1, Fig. 1). this classification the mentioned subclasses are Leeches exhibit varied feeding strategies, from monophyletic group of oligochaetes, which have the ectocommensalism, through bloodfeeding, common ancestor with oligochaetes belonging to predation and to even scavenging.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Conflict in Self-Fertile Hermaphrodites
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/401901; this version posted September 16, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Sexual conflict in self-fertile hermaphrodites: reproductive differences among species, and between individuals versus cohorts, in the leech genus Helobdella (Lophotrochozoa; ​ ​ Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida; Glossiphoniidae) 2 1 1 1 *Roshni G. Iyer ,​ *D. Valle Rogers ,​ Christopher J. Winchell ​ and David A. Weisblat ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 Dept.​ of Molecular & Cell Biology, 385 LSA, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA 2 Dept.​ of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA *These authors contributed equally to the work. August 13, 2018 ABSTRACT Leeches and oligochaetes comprise a monophyletic group of annelids, the Clitellata, whose reproduction is characterized by simultaneous hermaphroditism. While most clitellate species reproduce by cross-fertilization, self-fertilization has been described within the speciose genus Helobdella. Here we document the reproductive life histories and ​ ​ reproductive capacities for three other Helobdella species. Under laboratory conditions, both ​ ​ H. robusta and H. octatestisaca exhibit uniparental reproduction, apparently reflecting ​ ​ ​ self-fertility, and suggesting that this trait is ancestral for the genus.
    [Show full text]