LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association i LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association
Katabi and Ssisa Sub-Counties, Wakiso District
Supported by
BirdLife International, NatureUganda and the Aage V. Jensen Charity Foundation
Through: The Local Community Empowerment Project
September 2014
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN ii Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF ACRONYMS iv
BACKGROUND 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Justification 1
2.0 SITE AND COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT 2 2.1 Site description 2 2.1.1 Location and Boundary 2 2.1.2 Official protection/management status 4 2.1.3 Tenure/Ownership 4 2.1.4 Biodiversity importance, status and trends 4 2.1.5 Physical Features 5 2.1.6 Current Land Use 5 2.2 Natural resources and their use 5 2.2.1 Location and distribution of resources 6 2.2.2 Access, Management and use of Natural Resources 6 2.2.4 Seasonal patterns of resource availability and use 7 2.2.5 Threat Assessment/ hazard mapping 7 2.2.6 Livelihoods Vulnerability assessment 8 2.2.7 Conservation measures taken 8 2.3.1 Community Structure, Organisation and Processes 9 2.3.2 Name, location and resources 9 2.3.3. Objectives of the Community group 10 2.3.4 Current status of the community 10 2.4 External Stakeholders and their Roles 10
3.0 Plan of Action 11 3.1 Background 11 3.2 Methods and Participants 11 3.2.1 Methods 11 3.2.2 Tools 11 3.2.3 Participants 13 3.3 Vision 13 3.4. Goal 13 3.5 Objectives 13 3.6 Strategies and action 13
APPENDICES 18 Appendix I: LUTEMBE BAY PARTICIPANTS FOR WORKSHOP I 18 APPENIDX II: LUTEMBE BAY PARTICIPANTS FOR WORKSHOP II 19 APPENIDX III: LUTEMBE BAY PARTICIPANTS FOR THE STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP 20
ANNEXES 21 Annex I: Resources Mapping Results 21 Annex II: Resource Access and Control Results 23 Annex III: PRA Results for Seasonal Calendar 24 Annex IV: PRA Report for Hazard Mapping 25 Annex V: PRA Report for Community Training Needs Assessment 28
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association iii LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.2.1: The condition of the key Natural resources used by the Lutembe Bay Community and what the community has done to manage these resources 6 Table 2.2.5.1: Lutembe Wetland Natural resources and the threats/hazards highly affecting them 7 Table 2.2.6.1 Livelihoods Vulnerability Analysis results 8 Table 2.4.1: Current and potential stakeholders for the Lutembe bay wetland 10 Table 3.6.1: Lutembe Bay Community Site Action Plan Matrix 2014-2018 14 Table 3.6.2: Lutembe Bay Action Plan proposed implementation budget (in UGX) 17
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of Lutembe Bay Wetland System 3
LIST OF ACRONYMS
BHETA Black Heron Tourism Association BMU Beach Management Unit CSOs Civil Society Organisations DFO District Forest Officer DWRM Directorate of Water Resource Management IBA Important Bird Area IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LC Local Council LG Local Government LEP Local Empowerment Programme LWUA Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association MACOOP Microenterprise Development Agency Africa Cooperative NAADS National Agricultural Advisory Services NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation NEMA National Environment Management Authority NU NatureUganda UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority UWEC Uganda Wildlife Education Centre WMD Wetlands Management Department
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN iv Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
Wetlands and aquatic resources provide the country with much needed services for water treatment, water supply and other products. However, wetlands continue to be encroached upon and are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Recognizing, demonstrating, and capturing the values of ecosystem services related to water and wetlands can lead to better informed, more efficient, and fairer decision-making. We have often greatly undervalued the importance of both coastal and inland wetlands. It has been shown that wetlands deliver higher value per unit area than tropical mainly because of their water-related benefits, such as water purification and flood and storm mitigation.
“Everyone in the world depends on water for our life, livelihoods and business, and wetlands are the natural infrastructure that manage and provide our water for us” says Nick Davidson, Deputy Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention. Our remaining wetlands are hugely valuable to us, yet we continue to damage and destroy them at our increasing peril. It is now time to take action.
1.2 Justification
Lutembe bay is an Important Bird Area and is recognized under the Ramsar convention. In addition to that, this is the nearest site from Entebbe international Airport where one has the highest chances of seeing congregations of migratory birds on their wintering grounds along the migratory pathways. This is one of the major tourist attractions in the country. Despite these recognitions, the site is not protected and is at the mercy of the community members who are its custodians. These are not comparable to the business tycoons that frequent the site for development projects that are the main threats to the site. This has called for some action to conserve the site and its values.
NatureUganda (NU), together with the BirdLife Africa Partnership Secretariats are implementing a project on “Empowering local communities for the conservation and sustainable development of the birds and biodiversity of the Lake Victoria Basin” (LEP) funded by AAGE V. Jensen Foundation. The project is being implemented through the NU Site Support Groups in Mabamba and Lutembe bays on Lake Victoria.
The main aim of the project is to empower the local communities around Lake Victoria to ably conserve the biodiversity on which they highly depend for their livelihoods. This therefore called for a series of initiatives to equip the communities with the required tools for biodiversity monitoring and conservation. In order to provide the right empowerment and guidance, a Community Capacity assessment particularly for SSG members directly depending on the wetland resources was conducted. In addition to that, a Wetland resource assessment was conducted to gauge the status of the wetlands’ natural resources that can be sustainably utilized by the community. A site management planning process was also conducted to effectively manage and sustainably utilize the resources in the site for future generations. The tools/ guidance for these processes were provided by the BirdLife Africa partnership.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 1 2.0 SITE AND COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
2.1 Site description
Lutembe Bay which is at the mouth of Lake Victoria’s Murchison Bay and the surrounding highly populated areas have been strongly affected by commercial and industrial development, urban wastewater and conversion to agricultural land. NatureUganda identified the Wetland as an Important Bird Area for Uganda. It is a freshwater shallow bay and almost completely cut-off from the main body of Lake Victoria by a Cyperus papyrus island. Some parts of the wetland remain intact, with Papyrus, Phragmites, Typha and sedges as the dominant vegetation. The bay extends into a Miscanthus swamp and merges into the forest remnants to the north and recently cleared horticultural farm to the northwest on the landward side of Lutembe Bay.
The bay supports globally threatened species of birds, endangered Cichlid fish and rare butterfly species, while regularly supporting major concentrations of Palearctic and Afrotropical migrant birds, breeding ground for Clarias and lungfish, supports huge congregations of individual species of birds and more than 1% of the White-winged Black Terns’ population. However, Lutembe Bay is being reclaimed and decimated for horticultural activities. Lutembe bay is highly threatened with agriculture and continued pollution of the wetland, development pressure on the land, rapid transitions of urban centres and infrastructure development. The awareness about the boundaries and commitment of local conservation group members in advocating for sustainable wetland resources is important. Community actions need to be built along these.
The bay and its associated swamps are important for the surrounding communities as a source of raw materials for local crafts, building, and water for domestic use and, probably more importantly, fish as food and income. But it is one of the IBAs that are highly threatened. Although the community at site has been highly involved in advocacy activities, the development and encroachment rate have remained high. The activities of the community in the past have been centered on demarcation of the boundaries of the Ramsar/Important Bird Area (IBA) to help in advocating for stopping further encroachment.
2.1.1 Location and Boundary
Lutembe Bay is coordinated at 00°10’N 32°34’E. Its elevation is 1,135 m to 1,173 above sea level. Lutembe Bay is located 25 km south of Kampala, the Capital City of Uganda. It is situated in the sub-counties of Ssisa and Katabi in Wakiso district -central Uganda. The Bay is a secluded backwater at the mouth of Lake Victoria’s Murchison Bay, between Kampala and Entebbe. Lutembe bay is among the wetlands in Uganda that have been gazetted by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a Ramsar site.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 2 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Figure 1: Map of Lutembe Bay Wetland System
The wetland became a Ramsar site in 2001, and is also recognised as an IBA site in Uganda. The bay is rich in both water and savannah birds and is outstanding for bird watching on the land and in the water using a canoe. Lutembe Bay regularly supports 20,000- 50,000 roosting water birds, with numbers shooting up to 100,000 -200,000 in October and February when the Palearctic migrants arrive. The bay is home to other migrants including the Grey-headed gulls, Gull- billed terns and Black-headed gulls. Some of these migratory birds come from the arctic region that includes northern Europe, Scandinavia and as far away as Russia. They spend their non-breeding part of the year here and only go back to Europe to breed.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 3 2.1.2 Official protection/management status
According to the 1995 Constitution, the government holds wetlands in trust for the people, which puts Lutembe Bay wetland system in the hands of the Central Government. The 1997 Local Government Act devolved the wetland management to the District Local Governments. Therefore, the management authority and management of Lutembe Bay is under Wakiso District Local Government (Katabi and Ssisa sub-counties). Although there are written policies like the wetland policy (1995), The National environment statute (1995), and other related policies and legislation, these are not well known to the local communities. Efforts are being made to enlighten the communities on this but it has still remained a challenge.
2.1.3 Tenure/Ownership
Basing on the 1995 constitution, the government of Uganda holds wetlands in trust for the people. It is therefore imperative that government owns the Lutembe Bay wetlands System. In the surrounding areas land ownership is mainly by Mailo (a land tenure system where registered land is held in perpetuity) and customary (a system of land tenure regulated by customary rules which are limited in their operation to a particular description or class of people) ownership. Few land owners, mainly the large-scale farmers have land titles.
2.1.4 Biodiversity importance, status and trends
The diversity of natural flora in the urban wetlands of Murchison – Lutembe bay is low, dominated by papyrus in unconverted areas and patches of Papyrus, Phragmites and Vossia in converted areas. Extensive areas of fringing wetland in the Lake Victoria basin, dominated by papyrus Cyperus and Miscanthidium violaceum, permit remnant populations of some species to persist in the small lagoons, satellite Lakes, and tributaries separated by swampy divides from open water areas with Nile Perch. Thick macrophyte growth may inhibit the hunting efficiency and dispersal of the Nile perch. In addition, the extremely low levels of dissolved oxygen that characterize the dense interior of papyrus and Miscanthidium swamps may also limit exploitation by Nile perch since this species has a low tolerance to hypoxia.
Flora The dominant vegetation is a mosaic of papyrus on the open waterside, and Miscanthus sp. and Vossia sp. towards the dry land. The shallow bay extends into a Miscanthus swamp and merges with medium altitude moist semi-deciduous forest remnants to the north, and a recently cleared horticultural farm to the northwest on the landward side. The area is in the neighbourhood of post cultivation communities, Cymbopogon-Imperata and the dry Combretum savannahs, Combretum- Hyparrhenia. The vegetation in the areas adjacent the wetland is Elephant grass with forest remnants. The Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes an introduced invasive species is one such species that should be noted. The weed has changed the ecology of the waters in Lake Victoria.
Other flora include; Mosaic papyrus, Miscanthus, Typha, Phragmites, Echinochloa sp, Afromomum, Alchornia sp, Cladium, Cymbopogon sp, Themeda sp, Vossia sp, Eichhornia sp, Laudetia sp, Phoenix reclinata, Sesbania sp, Acacia mosaic, Raphia swamp, Rattan cane, Piptadeniastrum, Albizia celtis sp, Chrysophyllum sp, Pennisetum sp, Bulrush sorghum and Marantocloa sp.
Fauna Two species of rodents Otomys tropicalis and Dasmys incatus are present but not common. Among the shrews, the Crocidura maurisca, C. selina and Mylomys dybowskii, are also not common. The site also supports Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekii, African Spot-necked Otter Lutra maculicollis and African Clawless Otter Aonyx capensis (Byaruhanga et al. 2001). Lutembe Bay contains three rare species of butterflies Acraea pharsalus, Belenois solilucis, and Cacyreus virilis not recorded in any other IBA of Uganda.
There are a number of Palaearctic migrant birds found in Lutembe, most notable are the White-winged terns Chlidonias leucopterus, Slender-billed Gulls Larus genei, Gull-billed terns Gelochelidon nilotica, Madagascar Squacco Heron Ardeola idae, Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca and Greater Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo. Other bird species of conservation concern found in this site include the Shoebill Balaeniceps rex, Papyrus Yellow Warbler Chloropeta gracilirostris and Papyrus Gonolek Laniarius mufumbiri among others.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 4 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Three Tilapiine species of fish occur; Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis leucosticus, and Tilapia zillii. Nile perch, Lates niloticus was introduced in Lake Victoria in 1950’s and has been one of the major causes of the extinction of several hundred haplochromine species from this lake.
2.1.5 Physical Features
Lutembe Bay Wetland System is underlain by the Pre-Cambrian rocks (Uganda Atlas, 1967). The rocks comprise of the Cenozoic – Pleistocene to recent series with partly granite formations; and the pre-Cambrian Buganda – Toro system. Argillites predominate, but basal or near basal arenites are important features. Large tracts of the system are granite; and low – grade phyllites also occur.
The above rocks give rise to ferrallitic soils, mainly sandy loams with a dominant yellow colour and sandy clay loams with a dominant red color. These soils dominate the system. The dominant yellow color soils are derived from the basement complex of gneisses and granite and these have a medium productivity rating. The vegetation on these soils is composed of Papyrus, Miscanthus and Typha. The dominant red color clay loams are derived from Buganda-Toro rock system mixed schists and these have a high productivity rating. The Vegetation pattern on these soils shows thickets, scrubs, woodlands and high forests.
2.1.6 Current Land Use a) Land uses within the wetland
Agriculture: In the catchments around the wetland area, there is commercial intensive farming, mainly horticulture for export. There is also scattered small-scale subsistence farming within the area. Crops grown include coffee, bananas, sweet potato, coco yams, Cassava, papaya, Sugar cane, beans, castor oil plants, livestock, agro-forestry, fruit orchards Fisheries/game: Lutembe wetlands are mainly used for fishing. Fishing, fish processing and marketing, fish net manufacturing and braid, boat building, fish culture in ponds (Luzira & Bugolobi), hunting (Sitatunga for meat, Monitor lizard for skin) are some of the main activities.
Crafts materials: Wetland plants from the area are used for crafts, a lucrative activity for the surrounding people especially those living in and around Lutembe Bay b) Land Uses Within the Surrounding/Catchment Areas
Mining: One other key commercial activity in the hills around Lutembe bay is stone quarrying and sand mining.
Recreation: The area is also used for recreation; Gaba Beach and Lutembe Paradise Beach being particularly popular.
Water supply: The Lutembe Bay Wetlands System is also used for both livestock and domestic water supply. Kampala City water supply depends on the quality of the raw water extracted at the Gaba water works located in the Inner Murchison Bay, which is associated to Lutembe Bay.
Forestry: Building/fencing poles, forest plantations (agro-forestry) and peri-urban forestry, charcoal burning, papyrus harvest (formats), fuel wood production, commercial wood sale; canoes, drums, poles.
Industry: Many service and processing industries exist notably breweries, soft drinks, tanneries, fish processing, motor garages, dairy processing, food processing, pharmaceutical, oil & soap; water works and sewage treatment, brick making, sand / clay / rock mining, building materials (nails, iron sheets, metal / timber doors, windows, glass), Plastic metal ware, depots and service stations, hotels, recreation and resort beaches.
2.2 Natural resources and their use
The dominant habitat or vegetation type in Lutembe Bay is a mosaic of papyrus on the open water side with miscanthus and vossia species towards the dry land side. The catchment still has remnants of forest cover in some parts and
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 5 grassland in others. The wetland has a range of natural resources on which the entire community highly depends for their livelihoods and the broad resources and their status were analysed (Table 2.2.1). Lutembe bay is highly threatened with agriculture and continued pollution of the wetland, development pressure on the land, rapid transitions of urban centers and infrastructure development. The awareness about the boundaries and commitment of local conservation group members in advocating for sustainable wetland resources is important. Community actions need to be built along these.
Table 2.2.1: The condition of the key Natural resources used by the Lutembe Bay Community and what the community has done to manage these resources Habitat Resources by Communities Condition Community intervention Wetland • Fish Degraded • Trainings • Grass • Sensitization • Water • Eco-tourism • Sand • By-laws • Firewood • Boundary establishment • Sitatunga (illegal hunting) • Cleaning of polluted • Clay sites • Crafts material • Waste management • Yams Programme • Monitoring of Degradation
Forest • Firewood Degraded • Tree planting • Herbs/medicine • Environment education • Timber/Building poles • Charcoal • Honey
Open water • Fish Polluted • Petitions • Water
Grassland • Grass Degraded • Tree planting • Herbs
2.2.1 Location and distribution of resources
The distribution of the Natural resources and services in Lutembe bay was determined through a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercise conducted with the Lutembe community using the resources mapping tool developed by FFI. The mapping process of the area was done by two groups from the two sub-counties covered by Lutembe Bay namely; Katabi and Ssisa. First, they listed the resources and services in their area. Secondly, they drew imaginary boundaries from the two areas with a common boundary being the road that divides the two areas and indicated where their resources and services were located on the map. This process is detailed in the resource mapping PRA report (Annex 1) and it was the basis for the action planning process for this site.
2.2.2 Access, Management and use of Natural Resources
The Lutembe bay community members including youths, women and men, are free to use the wetland resources as long as it is not detrimental to the resource. The hunters in the community are very few and are regulated by the group on how many times they are to hunt in a month. However, in the dry season hunters sometimes make unregulated fires on the inhabited Kajjansi Bay Island to trap their catch. These are detremantal to the flora & fauna especially the birds’ eggs. An analysis of the degree of access and control of the wetland resources was conducted using the PRA tools provided and the general results (Annex II) indicate that men have more access and control over resources than women in this community. Management planning should therefore consider this.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 6 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 2.2.3 Seasonal patterns of resource availability and use
As for other areas in the Lake Victoria basin, the seasonal patterns in Lutembe bay area are not clear cut. The general trend has two rainy seasons with peaks in April and November and two dry seasons in the year with peaks in January and July. These are the determinants of the resource availability and use by the community. The other driver of resource use is the timing of the holidays and festive seasons. The rate of resource use in holidays when children are not at school is usually higher than when they are at school. Similarly, the rate is higher towards the festive season like Christmas and Easter than at other times of the year. However, these seasonal trends defer in men and women groups and this was considered in the seasonal analysis exercise conducted with the community (Annex III).
2.2.4 Threat Assessment/ hazard mapping
Basing on the resources on the map produced by the community, members produced a list of the threats or hazards that are likely to affect their resources. This was done during a PRA exercise (Annex IV) and the threats identified are listed below. These are ranked according to the intensity of their effect combined with the likeliness of their happening at the site.
Table 2.2.4.1: Lutembe Wetland Natural resources and the threats/hazards highly affecting them Resources 1. Lake (Including Fresh water resources) 2. Swamps 3. Clay, Sand, Rocks 4. Land 5. Birds and animals 6. Forest 7. Church/School/Markets 8. Roads 9. Landing site 10. Manpower 11. NGOs 12. Factory 13. Flower farm 14. Natural Beauty 15. Airstrip Threats/Hazards 1. Fire 2. Poverty 3. Pollution 4. Corruption 5. Diseases 6. Floods 7. Drought 8. Land Quakes 9. Strong winds 10. Human-animal conflict 11. Aircraft disturbance
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 7 2.2.5 Livelihoods Vulnerability assessment
The threats/hazards were analysed against the livelihoods in the Lutembe community through a PRA exercise. During the analysis, it was realized that as in the seasonal analysis, males had different views from females and so two matrices were developed, one for each group. From the resulting matrix, we realize that the hazards that have the most impacts on the livelihoods of the community are poverty, corruption and pollution (Table 2.2.6.1). In the same manner, the most vulnerable livelihood resources in the community are the swamp, birds and animals, lake and the Forest. These greatly relate to the effects of climate change and so adaptation measures should be sought for the management and conservation of the ecosystem services provided by the wetland system.
2.2.6 Conservation measures taken
Like most of the wetlands in Uganda, Lutembe Bay enjoys the support and protection of the National Wetlands Policy (1995) and other national legislation with wetland related provisions. Such legislations include the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995, the Local Government Act 1997, the Water Statute 1995, the Land Act 1998, and the National Environment Statute 1995. Lutembe Bay is one of Uganda’s 34 Important Bird Areas (IBAs), and a Ramsar site due to the presence of migratory, large Congregations and globally threatened bird species in the area. NatureUganda spearheaded the development of a National Important Bird Areas Conservation Strategy (NIBACS) that highlights measures and strategies for the conservation of the Bay. The vision for the NIBACS is a harmonious relationship between people and birds. It aims at conserving biodiversity for sustainable livelihoods. The strategy focuses on strengthening mechanisms for institutional collaboration, establishing mechanisms for effective conservation actions at IBA’s, increase knowledge and awareness about Important Bird Areas, and promoting sustainable utilization of important bird areas resources for development among others.
Table 2.2.5.1 Livelihoods Vulnerability Analysis results
Male Group Results
Livelihood/Resource Fire Poverty Pollution Corruption Diseases Floods Drought Land Quakes Strong winds Human-Animal Conflicts Overall
Lake 30 90 70 90 0 25 40 25 10 40 420
Swamp 60 80 80 90 25 70 90 60 40 30 625
Sand/Clay/Rocks 40 70 0 60 0 40 25 0 80 0 315
Land 80 90 60 0 0 60 20 20 30 0 360
Birds & animals 60 60 80 0 60 20 40 40 60 30 450
Forest 70 70 30 20 30 0 30 30 0 40 320
Church/School/Market 40 20 40 0 20 30 10 30 60 0 250
Roads 0 60 0 20 0 40 0 10 20 0 150
Landing site 40 30 70 70 40 50 0 20 0 0 320
Overall 420 570 430 350 175 335 255 235 300 140
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 8 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Women Group results
Livelihood/Resource Fire Poverty Pollution Corruption Diseases Floods Drought Land Quakes Strong winds Human-Animal Conflicts Total Lake 0 100 90 100 20 50 60 0 60 70 550
Swamp 90 60 50 80 0 50 50 0 10 50 550
Sand/Clay/Rocks 0 100 0 70 0 0 20 0 0 0
Land 0 80 70 100 0 70 0 80 0 0
Birds & animals 60 60 80 60 80 50 60 30 0 70
Forest 100 90 40 100 40 20 60 0 40 60
Church/School/Market 50 50 50 100 60 0 0 0 30 0
Roads 30 0 70 70 0 0 0 40 0 0
Landing site 40 80 80 100 70 80 0 0 50 30
370 620 530 780 270 320 250 150 190 280
2.3 The Community
2.3.1 Community Structure, Organisation and Processes
Lutembe community members are organized into the Lutembe Wetland Users Association (LWUA). These members came to work together for the benefit of tourism, economic and social development activities. LWUA is an association of Lutembe wetland adjacent community members who use the wetland and its surroundings for their livelihood. LWUA is a non-political, religious, non-partisan group which is willing to corporate with other development partners.
LWUA is an umbrella Site Support Group (SSG) comprised of two Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) operating in Lutembe area. These are “Black Heron Eco-Tourism Association”(BHETA) -a tourism and conservation group with 21 members (Males=13, F=8) and “Microenterprise Development Agency Africa Cooperative” (MACO-OP) -a Nile Basin Ramsar catchment communities- enhanced sustainable financing support initiative, complementing within the Nile Basin Initiative Shared Vision for achieving sustainable socio – economic development through the equitable utilization of, and benefit from the common Nile basin water resources with 13 sub-counties, each with a representative. LWUA is voluntarily run by its members and was recently registered with the District Local Government. The operations and daily running of the association’s activities are governed by an elected executive committee, which is guided by the constitution of LWUA.
2.3.2 Name, location and resources
The Association is called Lutembe Wetland Users Association (LWUA) and located in Lutembe, Ssisa Sub County, Entebbe Road, Wakiso District. The Association mobilizes and lobbies for resources and support from NGOs, donors, Government or any other interested parties. Its other sources of funding include; Annual subscription fees from the members, Income from activities such as sales from Crafts and publications, and any other appropriate sources.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 9 2.3.3. Objectives of the Community group
The aim of the LWUA is to promote tourism, nature conservation and poverty reduction among the communities deriving livelihoods from the Lutembe Ramsar site. The association aims to guard against illegal activities in Lutembe wetland Ramsar such as misuse of the wetland or its resources.
2.3.4 Current status of the community
The site habitat is still in a relatively good condition though highly encroached in several areas. The flower farm continues to expand and drain the wetland. The Lutembe beach is also being renovated and posses a great threat to the wetland as a result of the pollution and degradation that may arise from tourism activities if not well managed. There is also a possible expansion of this beach by the developer which may drain part of the wetland. From the Community assessment conducted the community, though registered by the District, is not yet well organised and empowered to conduct massive awareness campaigns and to ward off developers. This SSG thus needs to be equipped with the required weapons to defend the wetland IBA/Ramsar from destruction and degradation. The best empowerment that can be given is through training as identified during the PRA exercise with the community (Annex V).
2.4 External Stakeholders and their Roles
A number of NGOs have been conducting conservation awareness and education activities around Lutembe Bay wetland system. This includes both the Civil Society Organizations and government departments such as Uganda Wildlife Education Center (UWEC) and Wetland Management Department (Table 2.4.1). The process of developing a Lutembe wetland management plan for the site was spear headed by the Wetland department. A draft general management plan for Lutembe was developed with the full participation of the local community and will be under review soon. The community action plan to be developed by the Lutembe community therefore should be incorporated in the revised bigger framework.
Table 2.4.1: Current and potential stakeholders for Lutembe bay wetland
Stakeholder What they have done/can do Community involvement Remark Uganda Bird Guides Club • Tour guide training • Bird guiding On going (UBCG) Wetland Management • Wetland Conservation • Monitoring On going Department (WMD) • Reporting Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) • Eco-tourism Promotion • Bird Guiding Ended • Training Wetland link International • Wetland protection • Training On going • Poverty reduction Uganda Wildlife Education • Promoting Ramsar Guards for • Training Ended Center (UWEC) effective enforcement of the • Volunteers wise use principles Sawlog Production Grant Scheme • Tree planting and enrichment • Training Ended (SPGS) programme • Tree planting National Agricultural Research • Raise incomes through • Training Ended Organisation (NARO)-Aquaculture Aquaculture • Enterprise development Research and Development • Food-security Centre (ARDC) Kajjansi • Welfare of households • Conservation of natural resources
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 10 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Stakeholder What they have done/can do Community involvement Remark National Agricultural Research • Promoting sustainable • Tree planting Ended Organisation Entebbe (NARO – production of tropical plants PGRC/EBG) Lake Victoria Fisheries • Promoting proper fishing • Fishing On going Organisation methods Environmental Police • Natural Resource protection • Reporting defaulters On going Sub-County Local Government • Community guidelines to all • All community activities On going activities NatureUganda • Natural Resource • Capacity development On going conservation trainings • Community empowerment • Biodiversity Monitoring • Biodiversity Monitoring • Livelihood activities • Poverty reduction Chief Administrative Officer • Community guidelines to all • All community activities On going (CAO) activities Natural Resources Officer • Community guidelines to all • All community activities On going activities Environment Officer, Fisheries • Community guidelines to all • All community activities On going fisheries activities Beach Management Units (BMUs) • Water related activity • Fisheries On going on Lutembe Bay guidelines • Water transport • Beach activities Micro enterprise Development • Lutembe CBO • All micro enterprise On going Agency Africa Cooperative activities MACO-OP Black Heron Tourism Association • Lutembe CBO • All tourism activities On going BHETA Confidence Eco-Model Yard • Tourism development • Training On-going (CEMY) • Environmentally friendly • Implementing the technologies technologies • Tour guiding Lake Victoria Region Local • Community guidelines to all • All community activities On going Authorities Cooperation (LVRLAC) fisheries resources National Environment • Community guidelines to all • All community activities On going Management Authority activities (NEMA) Media houses • Publicity and Advocacy • Reporting of cases On going • Participating in awareness campaigns Ministry of Tourism • Tourism promotion • Tourism activities On going Conservation International • Biodiversity Conservation • Biodiversity conservation Future Bwerenga Youth Development • Youth Development • Income Generating On going Association activities
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 11 3.0 Plan of Action
3.1 Background
The main aim of the LEP project is to empower the local communities around LakeVictoria to ably conserve the biodiversity on which they highly depend for their livelihoods. This therefore called for a series of initiatives to equip the communities with the required tools for biodiversity monitoring and conservation. In order to provide the right empowerment and guidance, a Community Capacity assessment particularly for SSG members directly depending on the wetland resources was conducted. In addition to that, a Wetland resource assessment was conducted to gauge the status of the wetlands’ natural resources that can be sustainably utilized by the community. This led to the formulation of a site management plan to effectively manage and sustainably utilize the resources in the site.
To initiate this process, a visit to the site was made followed by a meeting with community leaders. This meeting provided a basis on what to expect for each of the communities and a rough idea of what activities are done at the sites and also the governance status for each site. This laid a background for the site action planning workshop.
Following that, workshops were therefore organized to conduct the action planning process for the sites which included the participatory rural appraisal exercises using tools/guidance provided by the BirdLife Africa partnership. This resulted into the formulation of the Community action/management plan. This plan is based on the vision and the objectives developed by the community group.
3.2 Methods and Participants
Basing on the state and location of the resources and services in the sites, a participatory community action plan was developed using the participatory rural approach.
3.2.1 Methods
The methods employed included the community meetings with community leaders and community members. These coordinated under the umbrella body LWUA. Care was taken to ensure that all members of the group including men and women, youths and old people all participate equally. The district leaders were also among the participants in these meetings as they had to advise on the governance and eligibility of the community decisions.
3.2.2 Tools
A number of tools for participatory approaches were used during the process and these included; i. Resource Mapping Tool ii. Resource access and Control analysis tool iii. Stakeholder Mapping iv. Stakeholder analysis v. Community Assessment tool vi. Hazard Mapping Tool vii. Seasonal Calendar Tool viii. Livelihood Vulnerability Analysis
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 12 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 3.2.3 Participants
Participants included community members, district representatives and NatureUganda staff as facilitators. These are listed in Appendix I & II below.
3.3 Vision
To maintain the benefits from wetland biodiversity as a source of livelihoods for future generations
3.4. Goal
To promote tourism, nature conservation and poverty reduction among the communities deriving livelihoods from Lutembe Ramsar site.
3.5 Objectives
I. To have Lutembe as the model ramsar site and centre of attraction II. To have a wealthy wetland for healthy people to be achieved through alternative income generating activities, enhance skills, enforcement of laws, and create a sense of ownership. III. To have boundaries marked through planting of trees along them, carry out monitoring through nature walks with land marks/signage/information boards IV. To disseminate Information through capacity building, generation of information, partnerships, awareness materials and, lobbying and advocacy.
3.6 Strategies and action
This is in form of a matrix comprised of what the community wants to see their wetlands look like in the next 5 years of implementing this action plan. In order to achieve their aspirations, they came up with activities as outlined in table 3.6.1 and the activity implementation budget in table 3.6.2.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 13 Timeline 2015 2014 Baseline High rate of encroachment by flower farm and developers None 12 tourists in the last month Tree Tree seedlings Capacity strengthening Tree Nurseries Equipment Awareness materials Certification of guides Publications Investors Resources needed • • • • • • • • Number of encroachers Acreage of wetland A check list to be developed of no. tourist records publicity materials produced exchange visits conducted What to monitor • • • • • • No. of inspections No. recorded of bye-laws No. formulated of trainings No. conducted of No. encroachers halted of Rate of Filling swamp Of No. Constructions Area with Fencing Area of Cultivation level Participation of publicity No. materials of new No. tourism products of tourists No. of exchange no. visits Verifiable Verifiable indicators • • • • • • • • • • • • • Environmental police NEMA WMD, NU (CSOs) Local government LWUA CSOs UWA, UWEC, Schools, WMD, churches, mosques, council Youth LWUA Ministry of Tourism Wildlife and Antiquities Private sector Uganda Board Tourism Other Partners Other Partners • • • • • • • • • • • District NatureUganda Who takes lead in guiding the community • • Monitoring/ report Boundary planting/ marking Bye-law formulation Contribute to the MP review Raising Awareness Publicity Materials Awareness campaigns Diversify tourism products Improve service delivery Exchange visits Activity • • • • • • • • • • Outcomes/ outputs Wetland encroachment halted Tourism promotion No. 1 2 Table 3.6.1: Lutembe Bay Community Site Action Plan 2014-2018 Table
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 14 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 2017 2015 o 2016 None MACOOP to provide data for excavators Loosely regulated by BMU (to be provided by the chairperson BMU) o o Data is not available Monitoring boats Fishing Equipment Maps of the breeding zones Sensitisation materials Capacity building in community Awareness materials Communication equipment • • • • • • • No. of No. Fishermen sensitised of Cases No. reported of No. Breeding sites zoned of No. reports produced of No. mining sites of No. excavators eliminated of No. pollution incidences reported and recorded of No. reports submitted • • • • • • • • • Number of Licenses Number of boats of No. sensitisation sessions conducted of cases No. reported of breeding No. sites zoned of households No. with alternative income generating activities of monitoring No. conducted of excavation No. activities regulated of Types alternative construction technologies promoted of Frequency Dead fish/wildlife of change Times in Colour of water Crop failure of bad Frequency Smell of monitoring No. reports of trainings No. conducted of bye-laws No. formulated of waste No. management practices in use • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • BMU office Fisheries LWUA Environmental Police WMD Environmental police SC EFP- Sub-County Environment Person Focal Miners LWUA NEMA Sub-counties WMD, NEMA LG DWRM Directorate of Water Resource Management CSOs LWUA BMUs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DFO – District Fisheries Officer District Local Government • • • Sensitise fishermen on the use of proper fishing gears/practices Promote Proper aquaculture Regulate fishing and fishing practices Zoning breeding sites/nurseries Alternative income generation Conduct Monitoring Regulate To excavation Promote the use of alternative construction technologies Monitor and report incidences to relevant departments/ authorities Restoration of degraded areas Conduct training on environmental policies/laws of Formulation bye-laws Promote proper use of waste management practices • • • • • • • • • • • • • Improved/ proper fishing methods Controlled stone sand, and clay mining Pollution halted (lake, air, visibility, noise) land, 3 4 5 Table 3.6.1: Lutembe Bay Community Site Action Plan 2014-2018 Table
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 15 2014 2016 Loosely controlled by MWD Guidelines on using wetlands are available o o UWEC Capacity building in agric methods Equipment (measuring scales) Capacity building o o o No. of No. incidences recorded of No. siltation incidences recoded of tons No. Amount removed o o o o No. of Households No. with water harvesting tanks of acreage of No. buffer zones of No. demonstrations developed of households No. that have adopted back yard farming Garbage in wetland Kms planted Different species of times No. removed of reports No. Amount removed (Kgs) of equipment No. in place o o o o o o o o o o o WMD, WMD, NAADS, LG LWUA CSOs NEMA NARO LWUA BMUs NEMA Lake Vitoria Fisheries Organisation Local Government LVEMP-Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme o o o o o o o o o o o o o District UWEC o o Promote Water Promote Water harvesting Constructing Buffers Promoting Proper Wetland edge gardening Promote Back yard farming Monitor and record occurrences Promote the Removal/use Collaborate and update the inventory o o o o o o o Controlled siltation Invasive species controlled 6 7 Table 3.6.1: Lutembe Bay Community Site Action Plan 2014-2018 Table
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 16 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Total 76,576,500 32,040,800 102,102,000 183,153,000 111,804,000 100,127,500 122,102,000 727,905,800 2018 29,282,000 43,923,000 21,961,500 58,564,000 36,602,500 29,282,000 11,712,800 231,327,800 2017 26,620,000 39,930,000 19,965,000 53,240,000 33,275,000 26,620,000 10,648,000 210,298,000 - 2016 9,680,000 24,200,000 36,300,000 18,150,000 30,250,000 24,200,000 142,780,000 - - - 2015 22,000,000 33,000,000 16,500,000 22,000,000 93,500,000 - - - - - 2014 30,000,000 20,000,000 50,000,000 Outcomes/outputs encroachment halted Wetland 1. improved/ promoted Tourism 2. Improved/proper fishing methods 3. mining stone and clay Controlled sand, 4. land) air, light, halted (lake, Pollution 5. Controlled Siltation 6. Invasive species controlled 7. Annual Total Table 3.6.2: Lutembe Bay Action Plan proposed implementation budget (in UGX) Table
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 17 APPENDICES Appendix I: LUTEMBE BAY PARTICIPANTS FOR WORKSHOP I
No. Name Gender Group /Organisation Position Contact 1 Busagwa Stanley M Katabi, Youth Group Chairperson 2 Mbogo Yunus M Sissa Sub County Vice Chairperson 0782318007 3 Lule David M Sissa Sub County Secretary /Youth 0772430097 4 Kayombya Frank M Bwebajja Development Chairperson 0700851145 5 Kavuma Emmanuel M Sissa Sub County Secreatry Information 0712832415 6 Bukenya Francis M Lutembe 0775470539 7 Kakumba Daniel M Katabi, Youth Group EFP 0772550881 8 Ssebakumba Herbert M Sissa Sub County Youth Chairperson 0788038086 9 Kitinga Joseph M Sissa Sub County Member 0703750202 10 Katende Dalaus M Lutembe BHETA Chairperson 0774279001 11 Mwebe LivingStone M Beach Management Unit Vice Chairperson 0784763335 12 Namayanja Agnes F Beach Management Unit 0773697455 13 Judith Goddard F MACO-OP Member 0772588004 14 Mwesige Livingstone M EFP 0773150791 15 Nanyonjo Beth F Lutembe Member 0774453863 16 Nakasi Grace F Bwerenga Member 0774180466 17 Ssempija Ssalongo M Bwerenga 0782587005 18 Mugisha Robert M Bwerenga Chairperson 0773339438 19 Nampeera Sauda F DEWE Member 0777171926 20 Kawooya Shaban M MACO-OP Councillor Sisa sub county 0774032700 21 Nabwiso Faooq M EPPF Member 0772839067 22 Sserwanga Ben M DEWE Member 0774563383 23 Katende Yessam M DEWE Member 0773245035 24 Namakula Rashidah F MACO-OP Member 0774279001 25 Kyeyune Mags M DEWE Member 0789544591 26 Kirule Gerald M DEWE Member 0752527144 27 Sekulya G W M Sissa Sub County Member 0772972012 28 Wafula Jason M Lutembe /Black Heron Secreatry Information 0783089963 29 Mutyaba Farook M Lutembe Member 0775036923 30 Kayondo Albashir Ndawula M MACO-OP D/Councilor 0774010550 31 Twesigywe Patrick M Vision Group Jounalist 0772899291 32 Ssekyanzi Mickydad Morris M MACO-OP Member 0781576366 33 Kyakuwa Rose F MACO-OP D/Councilor 0782573554 34 Mukasa Joseph M MACO-OP Member 0773443254 35 Kifana Robert M MACO-OP Chairperson 0775999555 36 Baregahere Vincent M WMD Senior Wetland Officer 0774434969 37 Musingo David M UWEC Mg Education department 0772471052 38 Michael Opige M NatureUganda Program Manager 0712126126 39 Keneth Sseguya M NatureUganda Accounts/Admin Assistant 0777716990 40 Joel Wako M NatureUganda Communications Officer 0704159625 41 Dianah Nalwanga W. F NatureUganda Research & Monitoring 0772929626
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 18 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association APPENIDX II: LUTEMBE BAY PARTICIPANTS FOR WORKSHOP II
NO Name GENDER F/M GROUP/ORGANISATION TEL/MOBILE NO. 1 Mitiiro Abdallah M MACOOP 0782910587 2 Bukenya Francis M MACOOP 0775470539 3 Judith Goddard F MACOOP 0772588004 4 Antonius Lucassen M CEMY 0785617680 5 Katende Dalaus M BHETA 0774279001 6 Kirule Gerald M BHETA 0752527199 7 Sserumpanise Lwembaawo M BWEEYA KANYIGO 0752353471 8 Namakula Rashidah F DDEWE MACOOP 0777070070 9 Kakooza Lawrence M KITIKO 0788279568 10 Serwanga Ben M DEWE 0774563383 11 Mubiru Charles M JANYI 0785291973 12 Nalumansi Annet F DDEWE 0774260012 13 Namiiro Lydia F MUTUNGO 0701711106 14 Natukunda Moureen F BWEBAJJA 0700800240 15 Peter Membe K M 0752974421 16 Nsangi Christine F MACOOP 0757719243 17 Kifana Robert M MACOOP 0775999555 18 Kiboneka Joel M MACOOP 0753002006 19 Lule David M MACOOP 0772430097 20 Namulondo Sumaia F MACOOP 0779388083 21 Mukisa Aminah F MACOOP 0783744522 22 Ssekweyama Joseph M KAWUKU 0751612153 23 Kiwanuka Zaid M 0759755459 24 Wafula Jason M BHETA 0783089963 25 Nasani Ssempijja 0782587005 26 Nanyonjo Beth F 27 Mugisha Robert M MACOOP 0773339438 28 Kirabo DEWE 0754383931 29 Mubiru John M DEWE 30 Mugudha Mariam F LWUA 0789594942 31 Nagawa Sofia F LUTEMBE 0775320006 32 S. Ssekatuma M JANYI 0772592485 33 Mutyaba Farook M BHETA 0775036923 34 Katushabe Peace F 35 Nasinza Rose F MACOOP 0705905725 36 Zziwa Rogers M 0776542872 37 Bulema Isigonga Frank M P/CHIEF 0782357591 38 Ssentenza Abel M DLG-WAKISO 0702484921 39 Keneth Sseguya M NU 0777716990 40 Nakacwa Aggie F VAD 0732609570 41 Phionah Mwesige F NU 0789702576 42 Dianah Nalwanga W. F NU 0772929626 43 Joel Wako M NU 0759059695
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 19 APPENIDX III: LUTEMBE BAY PARTICIPANTS FOR THE STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP
No Name Gender Organisation Contact 1 Lugumya Douglas M Entebbe District Wildlife Association 0772433024 2 Kigfwe Livingstone M Councillor [email protected] 3 Kabonge M. Leonard M Chief 0772514126 4 Ssekweyama Joseph Kato M Member 0751612153 5 Nabwiso Farooq M EFP Kajjansi 0703463581 6 Kavuma Emmanuel M Member 0712832415 7 Mbogo Yumms M Member 07823180007 8 David Luyiggo M Member 0751951275 9 Steven Lwamaza M Members 0754513882 10 Nsangi Christine F Member 0757719243 11 Nanyonjo Beth F Members 0774453863 12 Ssewanga Ben M Member 0774563383 13 Kabanda Joshua M Member 0754808222 14 Kizito Moyondo M DEWE project 0782786391 15 Mutyaba Farook M Member 0775036923 16 Kamugisha John M Member 0776994019 17 Kihina Mulyanimidde M Member 0706510281 18 Katende Yassam M Member 0773245038 19 Kirule Jeradi M Member 0752527144 20 Kyagulanyi Sam Richards M Member 0758227449 21 Kiboneka Joel M Member 0753002006 22 Kiwanuka Zaid M Member 0759755459 23 Wembugaye Bosco M Fisheries 0782892518 24 Kakumba Daniel M Katabi S/C 0772550881 25 Namatovu Prossy F Councillor Kasubi S/C 0772540283 0700889394 26 Makumbi Thanddeus Jude M Katabi S/C 0775889880/ 0704270143 27 Kikugyan David M Namulanda 0704512500 28 Kasasa Francis M Namulnda 0751824069 29 Busangwa Stanley M MACOOP 0773041480 30 Nassinza Rose F MACOOP 0705905725 31 Ongema Thomas M BHETA 0751714528 32 Wafula Jasm M MACOOP 0783089963 33 HAJJI Munyagwa M Fisheries 0701602221 34 Kayondo Albashir M Councillor 0774010550 35 Keneth Sseguya M NU 0777165990 36 Joel M. Wako M NU 0759059695 37 Phionah Mwesige F NU 0789702576 38 Dianah Nalwanga F NU 0772929626 39 Kyakuwa Rose F Councillor 0782573554 40 Kimala Jimmy M Chairperson LC1 0774530089 41 Bogere K. Edward M MACOOP 0772312888 42 Mukasa Joseph Sserwanga M Councillor 0752986645 43 Ssemakula Charles M Councillor 0712/0776-853709 44 Katende Dalawus M BHETA 0774279001 45 Mugisha Robert M MACOOP 0773339438 46 Kisitu Richard M Katabi 0702377302/ 0777823881
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 20 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association ANNEXES
Annex I: Resources Mapping Results
The Process
· The process of resource mapping was conducted basing on the two sub-counties in the study area; Katabi and Ssisa in Lutembe bay. · An imaginary boundary was created by the community members as the limit for the two sub-counties. · The community members were then divided into two groups belonging to the two sub-counties. · The list of resources was developed and ranked as below · A secretary was selected from among the members to draw the map and indicate the location of those resources · Members then participated and came up with a map for their sites · Resource maps for the two sub-counties were developed as below
Priority Resources and services in Lutembe were ranked according availability and importance as below;
Rank Resources and Services 1. Lake (Including open water resources)
2. Swamps
3. Clay, Sand, Rocks, etc
4. Land
5. Birds and animals
6. Forest
7. Church/School/Markets/Beaches e.t.c.
8. Roads
9. Landing site
10. Manpower
11. NGOs
12. Factory
13. Flower farms
14. Natural Beauty
15. Airstrip
16. Cultural sites
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 21 Resource Map for Katabi Sub-County
Resource Map for Ssisa Sub-County
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 22 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Annex II: Resource Access and Control Results
The process
· For the top nine resources identified, the community members were tasked to rate the powers of access and control for each gender group. · They were to give a total grade of 1-10 for each resource. · This exercise was done in one group with NU facilitating/guiding the discussion as the community gives their views and agree on the grades that were recorded.
Resource Access and Control Analysis results
The degree of access and control of resources by the community is summarized in the table below.
Livelihood/Resource Access Control Men Women Men Women 1. Lake 8 2 9 1
2. Swamp 5 5 5 5
3. Sand/Clay/Rocks 6 4 9 1
4. Land 5 5 5 5
5. Birds & animals 4 6 8 2
6. Forest 7 3 5 5
7. Church/School/Market 3 7 8 2
8. Roads 5 5 5 5
9. Landing site 7 3 7 3
Total 50 40 61 29
From the results it’s indicated that men have more access and control over the available resources in the community and so planning should take this into account.
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 23 Annex III: PRA Results for Seasonal Calendar
The process
· Participants were divided into two groups; one for Males another for Females. · They were then requested to plot their calendar of seasons as they occur in their community. · They were also requested to allow all group members to participate fully in the discussions. · Results from the two groups would later be combined to get the seasonal calendar of the site.
Seasonal calendar for Lutembe Bay
Activity J F M A M J J A S O N D Sun Rain Preparing gardens Poverty Planting Weeding Harvesting Selling Money Destruction Grasshoppers Brick Making (Peak) Poultry Hunger Spending Milk Malaria Cold/Cough Divorce Births Hunting Leaves Falling Fishing(Peak) Mining(Peak) Strong winds Many Birds
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 24 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Annex IV: PRA Report for Hazard Mapping
The Process
· They were requested to first list the resources/livelihoods that they have based on their map produced earlier · They were then taken through identifying the hazards/ threats/risks likely to affect the resources guided by the participatory hazard mapping tool. · Participants were then requested to rank the livelihoods & then identify the hazards that are likely to affect these major ones. · These were then adopted for use in the Livelihood vulnerability analysis.
Hazard mapping results
Basing on the resources, on the map produced by the community, as listed in the first column of the table below, the hazards in the second column of the same table were identified. These are ranked according to the intensity of their effect combined with the likeliness of their happening at the site.
Results from Hazard Mapping in Lutembe Bay
Resources Hazards Lake (Including Open Water resources) Fire
Swamps Poverty
Clay, Sand, Rocks Pollution
Land Corruption
Birds and animals Diseases
Forest Floods
Church/School/Markets Drought
Roads Land Quakes
Landing site Strong winds
Manpower Human-animal conflict
NGOs Aircraft disturbance
Factory
Flower farm
Natural Beauty
Airstrip
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 25 Major Root causes of the threats to Lutembe Bay and What has been done about them
Threat Possible cause Severity/scope Community intervention
Agricultural intensifi- o Increase in flower farms Agriculture covers small o Subsistence farming in cation o Subsistence farming in area but more detrimental catchment catchment o Wetland edge farming o Wetland edge farming
Burning of vegetation o Hunting of Sitatunga Burning occurs during dry o Report wild fires o Bush clearing and wild seasons in patches with o Help in putting off fires fires less effect to wetland o Fires for neighbouring farms
Use of agro chemicals o Increase in flower farms Pollution covers wide area o Organic farming being o Need to increase pro- with unknown impacts as encourage ductivity yet o Promotion of new crop varieties
Construction of bar- o Need for flower farm The barrages do not o Petitioned the develop- rages extension cover wide areas but ever ers o Construction of roads increasing. Resultant effect o Real estate development is big
Alien species o Increase in water hya- Small area covered and o Hand removal cinth little effect o Algal boom o Increase in silt load
Habitat change o Increase in nutrients Cover relatively small area NIL from landscape but resultant event may be o Disappearance of native big species o Colonizing species spread
Deforestation o Establishment of planta- Only small portion of forest o Plant trees tions now remains o Increased demand for building materials o Fuel wood scarcity
Bird disturbance o Increase in tourism flow Less effect is on biodiver- o Promote tourism o Disturbance by fishing sity community
Urbanization o Increase in population Catchment areas are being NIL o Real estate development lost and small portion of wetland drained
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 26 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association Threat Possible cause Severity/scope Community intervention
Recreation o Construction of beaches One beach is being con- o Awareness o Urbanization structed
Resource harvesting o Increase in demand of Increased resource harvest- o Promote crafts wetland resources ing but less destructive o Sustainable use o Increase in population
Bird persecution o Bird trapping Target species are IUCN o Report culprits to au- o Bird trade listed species thorities o Accidental killings o Arrest culprits
Over fishing o Subsistence fishing No major negative effects o Subsistence fishing o Increased demand for noticed fish o Increased population of fishermen o Poor fishing gears
Pollution o Increase in flower farms May have big impacts on o Petition developers o Subsistence agriculture the biodiversity at site in catchment
Water abstraction o Industrial water use No major impacts noticed o Sustainable use o Domestic water use o Water supplies in flower farms
Fuel wood o Increase in firewood Decreased vegetation cover o Plant trees demand in the landscape o Protect trees o Increased population o Use of less efficient cook stoves
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 27 Annex V: PRA Report for Community Training Needs Assessment
The training needs for the community were developed during a PRA exercise and later revised and agreed upon by the community. The resulting training areas are listed below in order of their relevance.
Agreed training Needs in order of priority
1. Basic Management 2. Alternative Livelihood sources Including Tourism development 3. Monitoring and Surveys 4. Environmental Education and awareness including Sanitation 5. Advocacy 6. Fundraising, Project planning and monitoring 7. Sustainable Resource use
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 28 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association 29 NatureUganda Secretariat: Bwindi Trust House Plot 1, Katalima Crescent, Lower Naguru P.O. Box 27034, Kampala, Uganda NU mail: [email protected] NU Phone contact: +256 414-540719 +256 414-533528
www.natureuganda.org
LUTEMBE BAY WETLAND COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 30 Lutembe Bay Wetland Users Association