Contribution Au Projet De Génomique Structurale Du Virus D'epstein-Barr : L’Uracile-ADN Glycosylase Et Les Enzymes Du Métabolisme Des Acides Nucléiques

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Contribution Au Projet De Génomique Structurale Du Virus D'epstein-Barr : L’Uracile-ADN Glycosylase Et Les Enzymes Du Métabolisme Des Acides Nucléiques Contribution au projet de génomique structurale du virus d’Epstein-Barr : l’Uracile-ADN Glycosylase et les enzymes du métabolisme des acides nucléiques Thibault Geoui To cite this version: Thibault Geoui. Contribution au projet de génomique structurale du virus d’Epstein-Barr : l’Uracile- ADN Glycosylase et les enzymes du métabolisme des acides nucléiques. Biochimie [q-bio.BM]. Uni- versité Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2006. Français. tel-00160082 HAL Id: tel-00160082 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160082 Submitted on 4 Jul 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ecole Doctorale Chimie et Sciences du Vivant THESE - Présentée par : Thibault Géoui Pour obtenir le titre de : Docteur de l'Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 Discipline : Biologie Structurale & Nanobiologie Contribution au projet de génomique structurale du virus d'Epstein-Barr : l’Uracile-ADN Glycosylase et les enzymes du métabolisme des acides nucléiques Soutenance publique le lundi 18 décembre 2006 devant le jury composé de : Président : - Pr. Alain Favier Rapporteurs : - Dr. Jonathan M. Grimes - Dr. Evelyne Manet Examinateurs : - Dr. Patrice Morand Thèse préparée au sein de l'Institut de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale sous le direction du Pr. Wilhelm Pascal Burmeister. En couverture : Structure cristallographique de l'Uracile-ADN Glycosylase d'EBV en complexe avec l'Ugi, sa protéine inhibitrice. Remerciements … Il y a quatre ans, alors que j’étais encore étudiant en Biochimie à Lyon, j’envoyai un mail au Dr. Steven Cusack, directeur de l’EMBL-Grenoble … c’était une bouteille à la mer qui contenait une description précise de l’image que je me faisais du monde de la recherche et du désir irrépressible d’en faire partie. Peu de temps après je recevais un appel du Pr. Rob Ruigrok, alors chef de groupe à l’EMBL pour un entretien. C’est de cette façon que j’ai rencontré le Pr. Wim Burmeister qui deviendrait mon superviseur durant mon DEA et ma Thèse. L’histoire n’est pas aussi simple, et pour être tout à fait honnête, elle débute bien plus tôt, alors que j’étais encore un jeune lycéen en 1ère, dans ma Haute-Savoie natale. C’est à cette époque que mon père me présenta le Dr. Joseph Curran, chez qui je passerai quelques jours à l’université de Genève … ce fut le premier à m’initier avec patience et passion à la recherche. Là où les histoires se croisent et les coïncidences sont heureuses, ce fut le jour où, de passage à Grenoble pour l’entretien mentionné quelques lignes plus haut, je me rendis compte que le Pr. Ruigrok et le Dr. Curran avaient collaboré quelques années plus tôt … était-ce un hasard ou alors ce qu’on appelle communément le destin ? Je ne me prononcerai pas … Le Dr. Joseph Curran me reçu une nouvelle fois chez lui et après une longue discussion je pris la décision de travailler avec le Pr. Wim Burmeister. Je tiens à remercier le Dr. Joseph Curran, de m’avoir guidé durant mes années à l’université, de m’avoir reçu chez lui et de m’avoir montré le côté le plus humain et désintéressé de la recherche. Merci au Dr. Steven Cusack pour avoir fait circuler mon message dans son institut et plus tard m’avoir permis de travailler pendant près de deux ans et demi dans son laboratoire. Merci au Pr. Ruigrok, de m’avoir accueilli au sein de l’institue qu’il dirige : l’IVMS. Merci au Pr. Wim Burmeister de m’avoir accueilli dans son équipe, de m’avoir accordé sa confiance et d’avoir supporté mon mauvais caractère et mon goût prononcé pour la contradiction. Je tiens à remercier le Pr. Alain Favier qui à présidé mon jury de Thèse. Les Dr. Evelyne Manet et Dr. Jonathan M. Grimes qui furent les rapporteurs de mon travail. Enfin, le Dr. Patrice Morand, que j’ai côtoyé pendant quatre ans au sein de l’IVMS. J’ai souhaité qu’il fasse partie de mon jury car, c’est non seulement un expert reconnu du virus d’Epstein-Barr, c’est aussi un des rares médecins à comprendre quelque chose à la biologie structurale. C’est surtout une personne que j’ai beaucoup appréciée et ce fut un plaisir de discuter avec lui de sujets scientifiques et surtout de tout le reste … Quand j’ai commencé mon DEA, l’équipe du Pr. Burmeister était composé … de lui-même et du Dr. Marlyse Buisson. C’était une petite équipe … mais quelle équipe ! En effet, si il y a une personne que je me dois de remercier, c’est bien le Dr. Marlyse Buisson. Marlyse, je te dois tout ou presque, sans toi, cette thèse n’existerait certainement pas, et d’ailleurs, la majorité des résultats obtenus dans l’équipe ne seraient pas là. Ton importance ne s’arrête pas seulement à ces détails matériels, ce fut un réel plaisir non seulement de travailler avec toi (c’est une évidence) mais surtout d’apprendre à te connaître … ce qui, à mon avis nécessite bien plus longtemps que la durée de cette thèse. Compte sur moi pour ne pas t’oublier, bien plus qu’une collègue, je te considère comme une amie. Plus tard, le Dr. Nicolas Tarbouriech arriva dans l’équipe, très rapidement il devint incontournable, pour ne pas dire un pilier du laboratoire. Merci à toi d’avoir fait preuve de patience aussi bien dans le laboratoire quand une expérience ne se déroulait pas de la façon dont je l’avais prévue (souvent …) que devant un ordinateur, alors que les cartes de densité ne me semblaient pas encore très parlantes. Je tiens également à remercier le Dr. Lucie Rivail et Lucy (Nancy) Freeman, pour les nombreux bons moments que nous avons passé ensemble … la liste serait trop longue et les détails n’ont certainement pas leur place dans un document aussi officiel, ainsi je n’en dirais pas plus. Les expériences de cristallographie menées par notre équipe, n’auraient certainement jamais abouti sans le support, à différentes époques et sur différents projets, des Dr. Hassan Belrhali et Dr. David Flot. L’EMBL et plus tard, l’IVMS furent des lieux de rencontre où de nombreuses amitiés naquirent et j’en suis sûr perdureront après mon départ : Je pense au Dr. Carlos Fernandez-Tornero ; il m’est difficile de résumer en quelques phrases tout ce qui nous lie, à commencer par notre amour du cinéma qui aboutira peut-être, un jour (je l’espère) sur une réalisation commune. Bien au-delà de ça, Carlos, tu es et tu resteras un ami et j’espère (j’en suis sûr !) que ni le temps et ni la distance n’affecteront cette relation. La liste des personnes auxquelles je pense est très longue et j’espère ne pas en oublier : Le Dr. Aurélie Albertini avec qui j’ai commencé et avec laquelle je finis ma thèse… Céline ma « colocataire de bureau », assez bavarde surtout avec son ordinateur et toujours à la pointe de la mode et de la technologie. Les anciens avec qui j’ai commencé : Sarah, Hatice, Manos, Vassily, Guy. Et ceux et celles qui sont arrivés par la suite : Francine, Majida, Jeanne, Sophie (Miss Gizmodo), Cedric, Estella, Cyril. La vie au laboratoire n’aurait certainement pas été ce qu’elle fut sans le personnel qui aura toujours été présent, efficace et amical : Virginie, Benjamin, Fred, Aymeric, Rémi, Mary-Jane, Annie, Francoise, Jocelyne … Heureusement la « période Grenobloise » ne se limitait pas au laboratoire et mes quatre années furent riches en expériences et en rencontres : A l’université entre les cours et les associations : JB dès mon DEA me permit de débuter ma vie associative au sein de 38Globule. Je tiens également à remercier le CIES de Grenoble, notamment Michelle Vuillet et Régine Herbelles. Merci au Pr. Michel Robert-Nicoud, qui fut non seulement un de mes professeurs à l’université Joseph Fourier, le directeur de l’Ecole Doctorale de chimie et Science du Vivant et également un ami avec lequel j’ai passé de bons moments. Dès le départ, Grenoble fut une ville particulièrement accueillante, et rapidement je rencontrais de vrais amis, qui le jour de ma soutenance me le rendraient bien : Pauline avec laquelle je suis arrivé de Lyon à Grenoble ; ne t’en fais pas la distance n’est pas un frein à l’amitié ! David (mon pote de DEA et mon colloque pour quelques temps à qui je dois beaucoup !), Greg, Julien, Nathalia, Roya, Carole et Fabien avec lesquels je ne compte plus les soirées, les voyages … j’espère que ça va continuer ainsi ! Je tiens à remercier ma famille : Ma tante Marie-Claire qui accepta avec patience de corriger l’orthographe perfectible de ma Thèse. Mes grands mères, Alice et Blanche. Et enfin, mes parents Joseph et Marinette, sans qui (c’est une évidence) je ne serais pas là … et je ne serais pas qui je suis. Ces quelques mots représentent si peu de chose pour leur exprimer toute ma gratitude. Enfin, Mila avec qui je me prépare pour une nouvelle vie … Table des mati`eres I Introduction G´en´erale 11 1 Burkitt et la d´ecouverte d’EBV 13 1.1 L’enfance et les ´etudes de Denis Burkitt .
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