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Feudalism Manors
effectively defend their lands from invasion. As a result, people no longer looked to a central ruler for security. Instead, many turned to local rulers who had their Recognizing own armies. Any leader who could fight the invaders gained followers and politi- Effects cal strength. What was the impact of Viking, Magyar, and A New Social Order: Feudalism Muslim invasions In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a peace ceremony. Rollo was the on medieval head of a Viking army. Rollo and his men had been plundering the rich Seine (sayn) Europe? River valley for years. Charles the Simple was the king of France but held little power. Charles granted the Viking leader a huge piece of French territory. It became known as Northmen’s land, or Normandy. In return, Rollo swore a pledge of loyalty to the king. Feudalism Structures Society The worst years of the invaders’ attacks spanned roughly 850 to 950. During this time, rulers and warriors like Charles and Rollo made similar agreements in many parts of Europe. The system of governing and landhold- ing, called feudalism, had emerged in Europe. A similar feudal system existed in China under the Zhou Dynasty, which ruled from around the 11th century B.C.until 256 B.C.Feudalism in Japan began in A.D.1192 and ended in the 19th century. The feudal system was based on rights and obligations. In exchange for military protection and other services, a lord, or landowner, granted land called a fief.The person receiving a fief was called a vassal. -
Monarchs During Feudal Times
Monarchs During Feudal Times At the very top of feudal society were the monarchs, or kings and queens. As you have learned, medieval monarchs were also feudal lords. They were expected to keep order and to provide protection for their vassals. Most medieval monarchs believed in the divine right of kings, the idea that God had given them the right to rule. In reality, the power of monarchs varied greatly. Some had to work hard to maintain control of their kingdoms. Few had enough wealth to keep their own armies. They had to rely on their vassals, especially nobles, to provide enough knights and soldiers. In some places, especially during the Early Middle Ages, great lords grew very powerful and governed their fiefs as independent states. In these cases, the monarch was little more than a figurehead, a symbolic ruler who had little real power. In England, monarchs became quite strong during the Middle Ages. Since the Roman period, a number of groups from the continent, including Vikings, had invaded and settled England. By the mid11th century, it was ruled by a Germanic tribe called the Saxons. The king at that time was descended from both Saxon and Norman (French) families. When he died without an adult heir, there was confusion over who should become king. William, the powerful Duke of Normandy (a part of presentday France), believed he had the right to the English throne. However, the English crowned his cousin, Harold. In 1066, William and his army invaded England. William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings and established a line of Norman kings in England. -
Dewdon Manor
DEWDON MANOR Introduction. This revises and expands my previous notes (of 3rd & 10th Dec. 2006) by drawing on significantly more information, particularly that in Mrs. C. D. Lineham’s published work in the Transactions of the Devonshire Association. Dave Dingley Jan. 2007. References. Lyson brothers (writing in the early 1800s): “Deandon, in Widecombe parish, gave its name to an ancient family, from whom it passed by female heirs to the Malets in the reign of H.III. Sir John Malet K.B. sold it about 1600. In 1748 Rawline Mallock, Esq. purchased the royalty of Dutton – no doubt corrupted from Deandon – Malet, and Dunsdon, in this parish, which royalty is now the property of Rev. Roger Mallock of Cockington.” A good early summary! [M] : Mallock Cockington before the restoration. Late 19th C. [L] : Lineham TDA 94 “A forgotten manor in Widecombe-in-the-Moor”. 1962. [L2] : Lineham in TDA 95. [P] : Postan Medieval economy and society. [N] : A. Malet. 1885: Notes for “Sir John Malet/Sibylla de Ct Cleere”, extracted from Bob’s Mallett’s website (See Appendix I below for a translation & App. II for a commentary). [T] : Testa de Nevil, AD 1244 (ex Reichel’s “Hundred of Haytor” in TDA 40). [F] : Feudal Aids, AD 1284-86. [H] : Hoskins Old Devon. DB = Domesday Book. Extent and origin. Domesday makes it clear that a 1-virgate holding existed as a sub-manor of Cockington, stuck right away from the parent manor upon the fringe of the Moor. My previous notes outlined how this small piece of colonisation may have been as a result of pioneer peasants working under encouragement from their lord due to an increasing hunger for land. -
Feudalism in Europe
2 Feudalism in Europe MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES POWER AND AUTHORITY The rights and duties of feudal •lord • serf Feudalism, a political and relationships helped shape • fief • manor economic system based on today’s forms of representative •vassal • tithe land-holding and protective government. • knight alliances, emerges in Europe. SETTING THE STAGE After the Treaty of Verdun, Charlemagne’s three feud- ing grandsons broke up the kingdom even further. Part of this territory also became a battleground as new waves of invaders attacked Europe. The political turmoil and constant warfare led to the rise of European feudalism, which, as you read in Chapter 2, is a political and economic system based on land ownership and personal loyalty. TAKING NOTES Invaders Attack Western Europe Analyzing Causes and From about 800 to 1000, invasions destroyed the Carolingian Empire. Muslim Recognizing Effects Use a web diagram to show invaders from the south seized Sicily and raided Italy. In 846, they sacked Rome. the causes and effects Magyar invaders struck from the east. Like the earlier Huns and Avars, they of feudalism. terrorized Germany and Italy. And from the north came the fearsome Vikings. The Vikings Invade from the North The Vikings set sail from Scandinavia Cause Cause (SKAN•duh•NAY•vee•uh), a wintry, wooded region in Northern Europe. (The region is now the countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.) The Vikings, also Feudalism called Northmen or Norsemen, were a Germanic people. They worshiped warlike gods and took pride in nicknames like Eric Bloodaxe and Thorfinn Skullsplitter. Effect Effect The Vikings carried out their raids with terrifying speed. -
Feudal Baronies and Manorial Lordships
Feudal Baronies and Manorial Lordships The seven years of the Baronage operation on the Internet have seen two messages stressed repeatedly — first, that the only feudal baronies still held in baroniam and capable of being sold with their status intact are those of Scotland, and, second, that genuine manorial lordships are not titles of nobility, and their holders are not qualified to be styled “Lord” (as in “Lord Blogges” or “Lord Bloggeston”). Now as new Scottish legislation is intended to separate baronial titles from the land to which they have been tied for, in some cases, close to 900 years, and thus to allow them, in essence, to be traded in a manner similar to English manorial lordships (with all the risks that entails), many readers have written to ask for an explanation of what is happening and for our views on what will happen in the future. In response, this special edition of the Baronage magazine examines the nature of feudal baronies and manorial lordships. Feudalism and the Barony The feudal system was developed in the territories Charlemagne had ruled, and it was brought to Britain by the Norman Conquest. Under feudalism all land belongs to the King. He grants parts of it to his closest advisers and most powerful warriors, these being known as tenants-in-chief, and they in turn grant parts of their lands to others who could in turn let parts of their holdings. There is thus a chain – King, tenants-in-chief, tenants, sub-tenants. The basic unit of feudalism is the manor – which had existed in Britain before the Conquest but was readily absorbed into the feudal system. -
Job 143859 Type
An exceptional townhouse right in the historic core The Manor House, Honey Hill, Bury St Edmunds IP33 1RT Freehold Historic Grade I listed townhouse • Beautifully proportioned rooms many with ornate plaster ceilings • Superb entertaining spaces • Self-contained integral ground floor annexe flat • Delightful private gardens Local information About this property • Bury St Edmunds is one of The Manor House is probably one Suffolk’s most significant and of the finest historic townhouses historic towns, famous for the in East Anglia. Described by Theatre Royal, the Cathedral and Simon Jenkins in his book the beautiful Abbey Gardens in “England’s Thousand Best the historic centre. There is an Houses” as a “handsome early excellent range of facilities, a full Georgian Mansion” and dating range of both multiple and from around 1735 this Grade I independent retailers, Waitrose, listed gem contains some Tesco and Asda superstores, spectacular interiors and was Abbeygate cinema and a number returned to use as a private of high quality restaurants, hotels house in 2006 after a multi- and pubs. million pound renovation which took place back in the 1990s • Local independent schools are when the building was used as a available in the area and include museum. the well-regarded Culford School (5 miles) and Old Buckenham Built by John Hervey, The 1st Earl Hall Prep School (11.6 miles). of Bristol for his second wife at a time when the great and the • The Manor House is situated on good of the county used to Honey Hill opposite the site of reside in their prominent the South gate of the Abbey townhouses for the Bury Season. -
The Seventeenth-Century Revolution in the English Land Law
Cleveland State Law Review Volume 43 Issue 2 Article 4 1995 The Seventeenth-Century Revolution in the English Land Law Charles J. Reid Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev Part of the Land Use Law Commons, and the Legal History Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Charles J. Reid Jr., The Seventeenth-Century Revolution in the English Land Law, 43 Clev. St. L. Rev. 221 (1995) available at https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev/vol43/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cleveland State Law Review by an authorized editor of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY REVOLUTION IN THE ENGLISH LAND LAW CHARLES J. REID, JR.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 223 I. THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION ........................... 225 A. A Schematic Chronology of the Revolution .......... 225 B. The Gentry and Revolution ...................... 230 II. THE ABOLITION OF THE FEUDAL INCIDENTS AND THE TRIUMPH OF SOCAGE TENURE ......................... 232 A. Origins of Knight Service and Wardship ........... 234 B. The Sixteenth-Century Revival of the Feudal Incidents .................................... 237 C. PopularResistance to the Feudal Incidents and the Eradicationof the Practice .................... 240 Ill. THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT, THE DOMESTICATION OF COPYHOLD, AND THE DESTRUCTION OF RIGHTS IN COMMON .... 243 A. Background to the EnclosureMovement of the Seventeenth Century .......................... 243 B. The Attack on Copyhold ........................ 246 1. Fifteenth-Century Conditions ............... 246 2. The Creation and Judicial Protection of Copyhold ................................. 247 3. -
The Manor House by Don Nardo
LIBRARY ERAS LORDS, LADIES, PEASANTS, AND KNIGHTS: CLASS IN THE MIDDLE AGES DON NARDO LUCENT BOOKS An imprint of Thomson a part of The Thomson Corporation FarmingtonHillsMI Thomson GALE Detroit NewYork San Francisco San Diego New Haven, Connecticut Maine London Munich The Manor House In a common sce nario, the new vassa l received a fief consisting of an estate with a large manor house or small cas tle. In so me cases, especially in medieval Eng- land and France, a vassal's castle was com- parable in size and quality to that of his overlord. Kings usually clain1ed (or built) the largest and most splendid castles for themselves, but it was not unusual fo r some barons, dukes, or other noble vas- sals to live as well as their royal masters. Whether it belonged to the king or one of his chi ef retainers, a medieval Euro- pea n castle was the central focu s of life The great hall of Hedingham Castle, in Essex, England, features arch spanning twenty-eight fee t. In this room, meetings, ceremonies, and banquets took place. and activity on a typical feudal manor. ness, receive guests, and host banquets. Inside the castle or manor house, the In many cases, the hall also doubled as a principal room was the great hall, though sort of all-purpose lounging area, where it was more often ca lled simply "the tl1e lord's uncles, cousins, and some of his (Sometimes people referred to the entire most loya l retainers slept, ate, and social- castle or house as a hall.) In the ea rliest ized. -
THE MANORS and HISTORIC HOMES of TIE HUDSON VALLEY HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN Mil II L I Llilllll F TTTT
THE MANORS AND HISTORIC HOMES OF TIE HUDSON VALLEY HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN Mil II l I llilllll f TTTT "larcocif «.f %Qcl FORDHAW UNIVI '3RAPY-ROSE HILL •NT COLLEGE :i Ubrary HUDSON RIVER COLLECTION % ?*<.%* > J& FG.iDHANI UNP'^-RSITY MARYMOUNT \ CAMPUS THE MANORS AND HISTORIC HOMES OF THE HUDSON VALLEY THIS LIMITED EDITION HAS BEEN PRINTED FROM TYPE AND THE TYPE DISTRIBUTED THE PASTURES, ALBANY, ENTRANCE, EAST FRONT THE MANORS AND HISTORIC HOMES OF THE HUDSON VALLEY HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN r "THE COLONIAL H %&®m&- ,.„..*«." &£ PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 1924 (-OI'VUICriT, 19«4. BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY F0RDHAMUNIVL'3RARY-R0SEHia PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY AT THE WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. MISS ANNE STEVENSON VAN CORTLANDT, E INSPIRATION AND INTEREST IT WAS S VOLUME IS DEDICATED FOREWORD ""W~JT TOOL gathering " is a common failing amongst most %/^7 people with reference to historical matters. Even • • comparatively recent history grows vague and hazy to them in its outlines amazingly soon, and they are apt to lose the thread of connexion between places and events. The sequence of events, too, becomes confused. Hence many a person falls unwittingly into the most absurd anachronisms. Those blessed with an active invention, and a decent degree of interest or pride in the past, ofttimes positively Mow a vast deal " about things that are not so." Houses and public edifices supply one of the best correc tives for this nebulous mental condition. They are visible symbols and reminders of past life. They are specific tangible evidences. They are pegs on which to hang the links of memory, links that bind together the series of events and connect episodes with definite spots. -
Fortified Manor Houses
FORTIFIED l\IANOR HOUSES by DANIEL WILLIAMS The fourteenth-century English poet John Langland, in his Visions concerning Piers the Ploughman, described in allegorical imagery a dwelling familiar to his contemporaries: "So you shall come to a court as clear as sunshine The moat is of mercy, round that mansion And the walls are of Wisdom, against Wicked Will And crenellated with christendom to save mankind Buttressed with Believe if you would see salvation The bridge is built of prayer the better to prosper you The gates hang high on the hinges of charity But the tower that truth is in is set above the sun" .1 Religious allegory apart, here is the fortified manor house of the later middle ages, a residence dear to the aspirations of the English landed classes. Their aspirations were embodied in the words of the commons' petition to the parliament of 1371 "that every man throughout England might make fort or fortress, walls and crenellations on towers and battlements at his own free will". 2 These same sentiments were to be echoed thirty-three years later in the petition of the "parliamentary knights" urged upon Henry IV in 1404.3 On each occasion the reigning monarch gave an evasive and negative reply, for such requests infringed upon one of the most ancient and jealously guarded prerogatives of the crown; the licensing and control of fortification. The laws of the Conqueror prohibited the construction of castles and fortresses without royal licence, imposed restrictions upon the construction of moats fossatum and palisades palicium. 4 The Leges Henrici Primi confirm and expand this earlier legislation and state that the erection of fortifications without the king's permission "place a man at the king's mercy". -
Medieval Studies. By- Martonffy, Andrea Pontecorvo and Others Chicago Univ., Ills Report Number Br-6- 2445 -2 Edrs Price Mfs0.50 Hc -$4.20 103P
REPORT RESUMES ED 013 -993 24 AA 000 261. MEDIEVAL STUDIES. BY- MARTONFFY, ANDREA PONTECORVO AND OTHERS CHICAGO UNIV., ILLS REPORT NUMBER BR-6- 2445 -2 EDRS PRICE MFS0.50 HC -$4.20 103P. DESCRIPTORS.... *MEDIEVAL HISTORY, *CURRICULUM GUIDES, MODELS, *QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES, POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION, ECONOMIC STATUS' *SOCIAL STUDIES, *CULTURAL BACKGROUND A CURRICULUM GUIDE ON MEDIEVAL STUDIES ISPRESENTED, INCLUDING TEACHER MATERIALS AND STUDENT PROBLEM SETS. THE TEACHER MATERIALS DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN THE ECONOMIC,SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF MANORIAL LIFE - -THEPREDOMINANT FORM OF AGRICULTURAL LIFE IN NORTHERN FRANCE, ENGLAND,AND GERMANY DURING THE PERIOD FROM APPROXIMATELY 800 TO 1300 A.D.AN INTRODUCTION IS ALSO GIVEN TO THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN "SOCIAL" AND "CULTURAL" SYSTEMS AS APPLICABLE TO MEDIEVAL LIFE. STUDENTS MAY OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONTHROUGH A QUESTION PERIOD AND RECOMMENDED READING. DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS ARE TO BE WRITTEN BY THE STUDENTS AND THEN USED ASTHE BASIS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION. SORT CARDS ARE TO BE USED INAN EXERCISE TCCFRESENT SPECIFICS SO STUDENTS CAN CONSTRUCTA HYPOTHETICAL MODEL OF FRENCH FEUDALISM DURING THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD. DOCUMENT EXCERPTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE BETWEENVARIOUS ROMAN CATHOLIC POPES AND LAY LEADERS DURING THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD ARE INCLUDED. SAMPLE QUESTION SHEETS FOR STUDENT COMPLETION ARE ALSO ILLUSTRATED.(TC) parish church IR 1111 fILLAGE I 111 a ° ft- * ,* * TUN- JKS v. ecervo 1r:tariff T(RasNewman r Ed'rBernstein, Gpneral Editor It CHICAG OCTAL STEINS P1111JECT TRIAL EDITION Materials Developed -
Slavery and the British Country House
Slavery and the British Country House Edited by Madge Dresser and Andrew Hann Slavery and the � British Country House � Edited by Madge Dresser and Andrew Hann Published by English Heritage, The Engine House, Fire Fly Avenue, Swindon SN2 2EH www.english-heritage.org.uk English Heritage is the Government’s lead body for the historic environment. © Individual authors 2013 The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and not necessarily those of English Heritage. Figures 2.2, 2.5, 2.6, 3.2, 3.16 and 12.9 are all based on Ordnance Survey mapping © Crown copyright and database right 2011. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. First published 2013 ISBN 978 1 84802 064 1 Product code 51552 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. � The right of the authors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. � All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Application for the reproduction of images should be made to English Heritage. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders and we apologise in advance for any unintentional omissions, which we would be pleased to correct in any subsequent edition of this book. For more information about images from the English Heritage Archive, contact Archives Services Team, The Engine House, Fire Fly Avenue, Swindon SN2 2EH; telephone (01793) 414600.