Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center Annual Report 2014
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Effect of High Glucose Levels on White Adipose Cells and Adipokines—Fuel for the Fire
Review Effect of High Glucose Levels on White Adipose Cells and Adipokines—Fuel for the Fire Alexander Sorisky Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-737-8899 Academic Editor: Christa Buechler Received: 17 March 201; Accepted: 26 April 2017; Published: 29 April 2017 Abstract: White adipocytes release adipokines that influence metabolic and vascular health. Hypertrophic obesity is associated with adipose tissue malfunctioning, leading to inflammation and insulin resistance. When pancreatic islet β cells can no longer compensate, the blood glucose concentration rises (hyperglycemia), resulting in type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycaemia may further aggravate adipose cell dysfunction in ~90% of patients with type 2 diabetes who are obese or overweight. This review will focus on the effects of high glucose levels on human adipose cells and the regulation of adipokines. Keywords: adipocytes; hyperglycaemia; adipokines 1. Introduction The mature white adipocyte is distinguished morphologically by the large lipid droplet that occupies most of its interior space. Here, excess energy can be safely stored as an endogenous fuel until metabolic demand requires it to be released. Insulin levels are low in the fasting state, and rise in the post-prandial period. Counter-regulatory hormones, such as epinephrine and glucagon, follow the opposite pattern. Together, they regulate the enzymatic machinery within the adipocyte to achieve the storage of calories as triglyceride following meals, and the release of energy in the form of free fatty acids during fasting or exercise. These well-orchestrated processes maintain metabolic health [1]. -
Electrochemotherapy
Service: Cancer Services Electrochemotherapy Exceptional healthcare, personally delivered What to expect from your treatment You have been told by your doctor that you need electrochemotherapy to treat the cancer that has either spread from your original cancer and /or is suitable for this treatment. This leaflet is designed to answer your questions about the treatment so that you are fully aware of what to expect. What is Electrochemotherapy? Electrochemotherapy is a treatment combining a low dose of a chemotherapy drug (Bleomycin) and an electrical pulse (electroporation) applied directly to the cancer cells using an electrode. This low level dose of chemotherapy drug is not normally effective against the cancer, as it is difficult to get inside the cells. When the electric pulse is applied, the cells form pores allowing the drug to enter and be active against the cancer. What happens to the normal cells? As the chemotherapy drug is most active against the cancer cells, the normal tissue is unaffected. 2 Electrochemotherapy What type of cancer can be treated? Electrochemotherapy is used to treat cancers that have spread to the skin or just below the skin’s surface (metastasised) from the following types of cancer: n All skin cancer (melanoma & non-melanoma) n Breast cancer recurrence n Head and neck cancer, including oral cancer Electrochemotherapy has the advantage of preserving healthy tissue when compared to other treatment options. It can also be used to shrink large cancers making them easier to remove surgically. What happens during the treatment? The chemotherapy drug is usually given into a vein and after a short time a probe is inserted into the cancer, which releases a small electrical current. -
Adipokine Levels and Perilipin Gene Polymorphisms in Obese Turkish Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
65 Erciyes Med J 2018; 40(2): 65-9 • DOI: 10.5152/etd.2018.0010 Adipokine Levels and Perilipin Gene Polymorphisms in Obese Turkish Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 1 2 3 4 5 6 ORIGINAL Yavuz Tokgöz , Cahit Barış Erdur , Soheil Akbari , Tuncay Kume , Oya Sayin , Semiha Terlemez , ARTICLE Esra Erdal3, Nur Arslan2 ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between adipokines and perilipin (PLIN) polymor- phisms with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cite this article as: Tokgöz Methods: Obese Turkish adolescents were assessed in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: obese (NAFLD Y, Erdur CB, Akbari S, and non-NAFLD) and non-obese. Serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin levels and PLIN gene analysis (PLIN 1, 4, and Kume T, Sayın O, Terlemez 6) were studied in all patients and healthy control group. Data obtained were compared with those of healthy control group. S, et al. Adipokine Levels and Perilipin Gene Results: Overall, 83 obese adolescents with NAFLD, 123 obese adolescents with normal liver, and 102 healthy non-obese Polymorphisms in Obese adolescents as the control group were evaluated. No significant difference was observed in terms of serum adipokine (leptin, Turkish Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin) levels in patients with NAFLD and non-NAFLD obese adolescents. The incidence of major Disease Erciyes Med J alleles of PLIN 6 genotype in obese adolescents without NAFLD was slightly higher than that in the control group (p=0.06). 2018; 40(2): 65-9. -
Scientific Programme for All
Optimal radiotherapy Scientific Programme for all ESTRO ANNUAL CONFE RENCE 27 - 31 August 2021 Onsite in Madrid, Spain & Online Saturday 28 August 2021 Track: Radiobiology Teaching lecture: The microbiome: Its role in cancer development and treatment response Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 N104 Chair: Marc Vooijs - 08:00 The microbiome: Its role in cancer development and treatment response SP - 0004 A. Facciabene (USA) Track: Clinical Teaching lecture: Breast reconstruction and radiotherapy Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Plenary Chair: Philip Poortmans - 08:00 Breast reconstruction and radiotherapy SP - 0005 O. Kaidar-Person (Israel) Track: Clinical Teaching lecture: Neurocognitive changes following radiotherapy for primary brain tumours Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Room 1 Chair: Brigitta G. Baumert - 08:00 Evaluation and care of neurocognitive effects after radiotherapy SP - 0006 M. Klein (The Netherlands) 08:20 Imaging biomarkers of dose-induced damage to critical memory regions SP - 0007 A. Laprie (France Track: Physics Teaching lecture: Independent dose calculation and pre-treatment patient specific QA Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Room 2.1 Chair: Kari Tanderup - 08:00 Independent dose calculation and pre-treatment patient specific QA SP - 0008 P. Carrasco de Fez (Spain) 1 Track: Physics Teaching lecture: Diffusion MRI: How to get started Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Room 2.2 Chair: Tufve Nyholm - Chair: Jan Lagendijk - 08:00 Diffusion MRI: How to get started SP - 0009 R. Tijssen (The Netherlands) Track: RTT Teaching lecture: The role of RTT leadership in advancing multi-disciplinary research Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 N103 Chair: Sophie Perryck - 08:00 The role of RTT leadership in advancing multi-disciplinary research SP - 0010 M. -
Boosting the Immune Response with the Combination of Electrochemotherapy and Immunotherapy: a New Weapon for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck?
cancers Communication Boosting the Immune Response with the Combination of Electrochemotherapy and Immunotherapy: A New Weapon for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck? Francesco Longo 1 , Francesco Perri 2,* , Francesco Caponigro 2, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati 3, Agostino Guida 4 , Ettore Pavone 4, Corrado Aversa 4, Paolo Muto 5, Mario Giuliano 6, Franco Ionna 4 and Raffaele Solla 7 1 Department of Otolaryngology Surgery and Oncology, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; [email protected] 2 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 3 Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Pollena Trocchia, ASLNA3 sud, 80040 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Otolaryngology Surgery and Oncology, INT IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (E.P.); [email protected] (C.A.); [email protected] (F.I.) 5 Department of Radiation Oncology, INT IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 6 Department of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 7 Italian National Research Council, Institute of Biostructure & Bioimaging, 80131 Naples, Italy; raff[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +0039-0815903362 Received: 19 August 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 28 September 2020 Simple Summary: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) represents a problem of utmost concern and, for many clinicians and surgeons, an enormous challenge. -
A Neutrophil Activation Signature Predicts Critical Illness and Mortality in COVID-19
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20183897; this version posted September 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19 Matthew L. Meizlish,1* Alexander B. Pine,2* Jason D. Bishai,3* George Goshua,2 Emily R. Nadelmann,4 Michael Simonov,5 C-Hong Chang,3 Hanming Zhang,3 Marcus Shallow,3 Parveen Bahel,6 Kent Owusu,7 Yu Yamamoto,5 Tanima Arora,5 Deepak S. Atri,8 Amisha Patel,2 Rana Gbyli,2 Jennifer Kwan,3 Christine H. Won,9 Charles Dela Cruz,9 Christina Price,10 Jonathan Koff,9 Brett A. King,11 Henry M. Rinder,6 F. Perry Wilson,5 John Hwa,3 Stephanie Halene,2 William Damsky,11 David van Dijk,3 Alfred I. Lee2†, Hyung J. Chun3,12 † Affiliations: 1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 2Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 3Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 4Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 6Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 9Section of Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 10Section of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 11Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA 4Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA 8Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA †Correspondence to: Dr. -
Adipose Recruitment and Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Fuel Metaflammation’
Diabetes Page 2 of 61 Adipose recruitment and activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells fuel metaflammation Amrit Raj Ghosh1, Roopkatha Bhattacharya1, Shamik Bhattacharya1, Titli Nargis2, Oindrila Rahaman1, Pritam Duttagupta1, Deblina Raychaudhuri1, Chinky Shiu Chen Liu1, Shounak Roy1, Parasar Ghosh3, Shashi Khanna4, Tamonas Chaudhuri4, Om Tantia4, Stefan Haak5, Santu Bandyopadhyay1, Satinath Mukhopadhyay6, Partha Chakrabarti2 and Dipyaman Ganguly1*. Divisions of 1Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorders and 2Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; 4ILS Hospitals, Kolkata, India; 5Zentrum Allergie & Umwelt (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany; Departments of 3Rheumatology and 6Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India. *Corresponding author: Dipyaman Ganguly, Division of Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 700032. Phone: 91 33 24730492 Fax: 91 33 2473 5197 Email: [email protected] Running title: PDCs and type I interferons in metaflammation Word count (Main text): 5521 Figures: 7, Table: 1 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 25, 2016 Page 3 of 61 Diabetes ABSTRACT In obese individuals the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) becomes seat of chronic low grade inflammation (metaflammation). But the mechanistic link between increased adiposity and metaflammation remains largely -
In Vitro and Numerical Support for Combinatorial Irreversible Electroporation and Electrochemotherapy Glioma Treatment
Annals of Biomedical Engineering (Ó 2013) DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0923-2 In Vitro and Numerical Support for Combinatorial Irreversible Electroporation and Electrochemotherapy Glioma Treatment 1,2 3 3 4 1 R. E. NEAL II, J. H. ROSSMEISL JR., V. D’ALFONSO, J. L. ROBERTSON, P. A. GARCIA, 5 1 S. ELANKUMARAN, and R. V. DAVALOS 1Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Virginia Tech – Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA; 2Radiology Research Unit, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; 3Neurology/ Neurosurgery Service and Center for Comparative Oncology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA; 4Cancer Engineering Group, Virginia Tech – Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and 5Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA (Received 12 April 2013; accepted 4 October 2013) Associate Editor Agata A. Exner oversaw the review of this article. Abstract—Irreversible electroporation (IRE) achieves tar- ABBREVIATIONS geted volume non-thermal focal ablation using a series of brief electric pulses to kill cells by disrupting membrane IRE Irreversible electroporation integrity. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) uses lower numbers of ECT Electrochemotherapy sub-lethal electric pulses to disrupt membranes for improved BBB Blood–brain-barrier drug uptake. Malignant glioma (MG) brain tumors are difficult to treat due to diffuse peripheral margins into healthy neural tissue. Here, in vitro experimental data and numerical simulations investigate the feasibility for IRE- INTRODUCTION relevant pulse protocols with adjuvant ECT drugs to enhance MG treatment. Cytotoxicity curves were produced on two Therapeutic options for brain and central nervous glioma cell lines in vitro at multiple pulse strengths and drug system malignancies include radiation therapy, surgical doses with Bleomycin or Carboplatin. -
Adiposity, Dyslipidemia, and Insulin Resistance in Mice with Targeted Deletion of Phospholipid Scramblase 3 (PLSCR3)
Adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in mice with targeted deletion of phospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR3) Therese Wiedmer*†, Ji Zhao*†, Lilin Li*†, Quansheng Zhou*†, Andrea Hevener‡, Jerrold M. Olefsky‡, Linda K. Curtiss§, and Peter J. Sims*†¶ Departments of *Molecular and Experimental Medicine and §Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and ‡Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673 Communicated by Daniel Steinberg, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, July 28, 2004 (received for review May 3, 2004) The phospholipid scramblases (PLSCR1 to PLSCR4) are a structurally portin-␣, a cofactor of the importin͞Ras͞Ran nucleopore trans- and functionally unique class of proteins, which are products of a port system (23, 24). Once imported into the nucleus, PLSCR1 tetrad of genes conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. tightly binds to genomic DNA, suggesting a possible role for this The best characterized member of this family, PLSCR1, is implicated protein in nuclear transcription (24). Consistent with a role in in the remodeling of the transbilayer distribution of plasma mem- growth factor receptor signaling, mice with targeted deletion of brane phospholipids but is also required for normal signaling PLSCR1 exhibit defects in cell maturation and proliferation, through select growth factor receptors. Mice with targeted dele- most notably affecting granulocyte production from hematopoi- tion of PLSCR1 display perinatal granulocytopenia due to defective etic precursors in response to select growth factors, and cells response of hematopoietic precursors to granulocyte colony-stim- deficient in PLSCR1 show defects in antiviral response to IFN ulating factor and stem cell factor. -
Intra-Individual Variation of Plasma Adipokine Levels and Utility of Single Measurement of These Biomarkers in Population-Based Studies
2464 Intra-individual Variation of Plasma Adipokine Levels and Utility of Single Measurement of These Biomarkers in Population-Based Studies Sang-Ah Lee,1 Asha Kallianpur,1 Yong-Bing Xiang,3 Wanqing Wen,1 Qiuyin Cai,1 Dake Liu,3 Sergio Fazio,2 MacRae F. Linton,2 Wei Zheng,1 and Xiao Ou Shu1 1Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and 2Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;and 3Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China Abstract Adipokines, soluble mediators produced by adipo- of a single, random sample with the mean levels from cytes, may link adipose tissue to the inflammatory, the remaining three samples using a bootstrap approach metabolic, and immune dysregulation that characterize and using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). many obesity-related diseases. The stability of plasma Spearman correlations between adipokine levels, age, adipokine levels within individuals, their seasonal body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) variability, intercorrelations, and relationships to well- were estimated. Correlations between plasma adipo- established measures of adiposity are incompletely kine levels from one random sample and the mean of defined. We measured levels of 12 adipokines [inter- the remaining three seasonal samples ranged from 0.57 leukin 1B (IL-1B), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-A to 0.89. Over the 1-year study period, the ICCs for (TNF-A), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), adipokine levels ranged from 0.44 (PAI-1) to 0.83 (HGF). high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), monocyte IL-8, MCP-1, and resistin levels were positively associ- chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nerve growth factor ated with age; HGF and PAI-1 levels were correlated (NGF), leptin, adiponectin, hepatocyte growth factor with BMI and WHR. -
Electrochemotherapy Compared to Surgery for Treatment of Canine Mast Cell Tumours
in vivo 23: 55-62 (2009) Electrochemotherapy Compared to Surgery for Treatment of Canine Mast Cell Tumours VERONIKA KODRE1, MAJA CEMAZAR2, JANI PECAR3, GREGOR SERSA2, ANDREJ CŐR4 and NATASA TOZON3 1Janssen-Cilag, Division of Johnson-Johnson, Ljubljana; 2Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana; 3University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Ljubljana; 4University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour, making these tumours challenging to diagnose effectiveness of local treatment electrochemotherapy (ECT) with and to treat. MCTs predominantly occur in middle-aged dogs cisplatin and to compare it with effectiveness of surgery for of many breeds, but more frequently in Boxers, Staffordshire treatment of mast cell tumours (MCT) in dogs. Materials and Bull Terriers, Labradors, Golden Retrievers, Weimeraner and Methods: In the present retrospective study, 25 dogs of different Schnauzers, with no gender predisposition (1). Several breeds with MCT were divided into two treatment groups: factors have been evaluated as prognostic factors, including surgery (16 dogs with 16 tumours) and those whose owners histological grade, which is the most accurate predictor of refused surgery being included into the ECT group (9 dogs with behaviour, as well as clinical stage, size, growth rate, breed, 12 tumours). Response rate and duration of response to the completeness of surgical excision, presence of systemic treatment were evaluated and comparison between groups was signs, argyrophilic nuclear organizer region count, DNA made. Results: The clinical stages of the tumours were stage I in ploidy, matrix metalloproteinases, microvessel density and 4 (45% ) and stage III in 5 (55% ) dogs treated by ECT; 12 abnormal expression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. -
Macrophage JAK2 Deficiency Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Macrophage JAK2 defciency protects against high-fat diet- induced infammation Received: 6 January 2017 Harsh R. Desai1,2, Tharini Sivasubramaniyam1, Xavier S. Revelo1, Stephanie A. Schroer1, Accepted: 3 July 2017 Cynthia T. Luk1, Prashanth R. Rikkala1, Adam H. Metherel3, David W. Dodington1, Yoo Jin Published: xx xx xxxx Park1, Min Jeong Kim1,4, Joshua A. Rapps1, Rickvinder Besla1, Clinton S. Robbins1,5, Kay-Uwe Wagner6, Richard P. Bazinet3, Daniel A. Winer1,2,7 & Minna Woo1,8 During obesity, macrophages can infltrate metabolic tissues, and contribute to chronic low-grade infammation, and mediate insulin resistance and diabetes. Recent studies have elucidated the metabolic role of JAK2, a key mediator downstream of various cytokines and growth factors. Our study addresses the essential role of macrophage JAK2 in the pathogenesis to obesity-associated infammation and insulin resistance. During high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, macrophage-specifc JAK2 knockout (M-JAK2−/−) mice gained less body weight compared to wildtype littermate control (M-JAK2+/+) mice and were protected from HFD-induced systemic insulin resistance. Histological analysis revealed smaller adipocytes and qPCR analysis showed upregulated expression of some adipogenesis markers in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of HFD-fed M-JAK2−/− mice. There were decreased crown-like structures in VAT along with reduced mRNA expression of some macrophage markers and chemokines in liver and VAT of HFD-fed M-JAK2−/− mice. Peritoneal macrophages from M-JAK2−/− mice and Jak2 knockdown in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 also showed lower levels of chemokine expression and reduced phosphorylated STAT3. However, leptin-dependent efects on augmenting chemokine expression in RAW 264.7 cells did not require JAK2.