DOCSLIB.ORG

June July 2014 Pipelines Umbilicals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UT3 June July 2014 Pipelines Umbilicals 1 THE MAGAZINE OF THE SOCIETY FOR UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGYUT2 June July 2014 Contents June July 2014 4 UT2 On Vocation 8 News 14 Project Update 24 Vessels 36 Installation 42 Umbilicals 56 Pipe The Vertical Layout Machine 64 Equipment Image: Technip 81 Seabed Mining Vol 9 No 3 84 Company news 86 Photo Exhibit Society for Underwater Technology 1 Fetter Lane 92 Renewables London EC4A 1BR 94 UT2 University +44 (0) 1480 370007 98 SUT Editor: John Howes [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Polly Gonn Sub Editor Laura Howes Production: Sue Denham ISSN: 1752-0592 Published by UT2 Publishing for and on behalf of the Society for Underwater Technology. Reproduction of UT2 in whole or in part, without permission, is 2 prohibited. The publisher and the SUT assumes no responsibility for unsolicited 3 material, nor responsibility for content of any advertisement, particularly infringement of copyrights, trademarks, intellectual property rights and patents, nor liability for misrepresentations, false or misleading statements and illustrations. These are the sole responsibility of the advertiser. Opinions of the writers are not necessarily those of the SUT or the publishers. UT2 June July 2014 UT2 June July 2014 Subsea Tourism UT2 on Vacation One of the most poignant moments Jules Undersea Lodge, formerly the of the seminal 1972 filmThe La Chalupa Research Lab at Key Godfather, was when the Corleone largo, Florida. To enter the lodge, family sat awaiting news of Luca it is necessary to dive 21ft down Subsea Tourism Brasi. The monosyllabic enforcer and enter through an opening in the had gone for a meeting with a rival bottom of the habitat. It is necessary, warlord. At the end of the scene, a therefore, that residents are certified packet was delivered to the door, SCUBA divers. containing Brasi’s vest, accompanied by a pair of fish. This was an old Large 42in round windows offer a Sicilian signal that Brasi now ‘sleeps view of the tropical mangrove habitat with the fishes’. outside. But was that correct? A considerably Utter Inn more likely interpretation, when, Located in a Swedish lake, this coupled with the Corleone family began as a work of installation art by subsequently moving into the Jules Undersea Lodge Mikael Genberg. The single room- hotel business, is that it is a veiled the seabed by James Cameron and hotel lies 3m below the surface of reference to Brasi deciding to Richard Branson show the lengths that Lake Mälaren in Västerås, develop underwater hotels? Sadly, these recreational activities can take. the author, Mario Puzo, died five At a less extreme level, submarine years ago, and thus unable to tours in single and multi-person confirm this probability. groups are also increasingly popular. Underwater recreation is a growing Underwater hotels are an area in sector of the tourism industry. Scuba which many see as a growth area. diving or snorkelling over shallow While some are in existence, others reefs and underwater photography is are at an advanced stage of planning. popular pastime. Some couples have been married underwater. Recent Jules Undersea Lodge journeys to the deepest margins of One of the most established is the Utter Inn Sweden with panoramic windows in all directions. It opened in June 2000 and formed the model that progressed into the Manta Underwater Room. Manta Designed on three levels with a lounging area on the roof, the subsea viewing area offers an almost 360deg 4 panorama. At night, underwater 5 spotlights attract the shyer and more unusual marine animals. Coral is already establishing itself on the anchoring lines and around the Manta Underwater Room Manta Underwater room underwater structure. It is located Image: Jesper Anhede. UT2 June July 2014 UT2 June July 2014 UT2 on Vacation The success of these projects has prompted the development of larger A wide shaft with a view of the scale ventures that are currently at the sky above gives a safe sense of planning stage. spaciousness, minimising any claustrophobic feelings some may Poseidon Undersea Resorts experience while staying in an One such is a resort located at a enclosed underwater space. private island in Fiji. The resort will be located in 40ft of water (13m) and will Elsewhere, some land hotels have be connected to land by two piers with underwater restaurants and other access and egress from elevators in facilities. each end-unit. It will consist of 24 suites measuring 51m2 (550 ft2) and one of 102m2 ( 1100ft2). In addition, the designers Poseidon Undersea have planned a 100-seat, 279m2 Resort layout (3000 ft2) restaurant and a bar/lounge 12 meters deep at high tide and is combination in one end unit and a roughly 50m wide in diameter. The Deep Ocean Technology library/lounge, There will also be a Manta Resort was opened in August The Polish company Deep Ocean conference room/wedding chapel and 2008. Technology has developed the Discus theatre area. Hotel. This comprises two discs – one underwater and the other above-water. In addition, an on-island complex will The structure sits up on five legs fixed include a total of 51 additional luxury to the seabed, and the upper disc is units. Guests will have a chance suspended above the water surface. to pilot one of four 1000ft capable These two technical solutions will 3-passenger personal submarines in ensure that Water Discus remains our pristine 5000 acre lagoon. safe even in the event of a fairly high Ithaa Undersea Restaurant - Dine below tsunami, which can normally flood the the waves in the world’s first all-glass The company has completed all of the nearest coastal areas. underwater restaurant. necessary design and engineering for the subsea structures and is Deep Ocean Technology currently working to secure the capital necessary to begin construction. The resort will be completed approximately two years following commencement of construction. Presidential Suite , Poseidon 6 7 Poseidon Undersea Resort bedroom UT2 June July 2014 UT2 June July 2014 a32084 A4 Ad DR 18/10/2013 15:35 Page 1 Gendalo-Gehem Contract DRILLING RISERS A consortium comprising McDermott and News Indonesia’s PT Encona has been successful in (DRIL-ING RAHY-ZERZ) Leader engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract for the Gendalo-Gehem natural gas development in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. News ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING The contract award will be subject to various BARRIER AVAILABLE FROM CLAXTON conditions, including government and regulatory approvals and final investment decision (FID). IN A VAST RANGE OF PRESSURE AND Chevron is the operator of the Gendalo-Gehem BH/Aker Alliance deepwater natural gas project, which includes Baker Hughes and Aker Solutions have agreed to form CONNECTION CONFIGURATIONS. twoseparate hub developments, each with its own an alliance in order to develop technology for production floating production unit, subsea drill centers, gas solutions that will boost output, increase recovery rates and and condensate pipelines, and onshore receiving reduce costs for subsea fields. facility. The non-incorporated alliance will combine Aker Solutions’ With more riser system options than anyone else The FID for the project, with a maximum daily strengths in subsea production and processing systems with and a comprehensive variety of joint connection production of around 1.1 billion ft3 of natural gas and Baker Hughes’ expertise in well completions and artificial- options, Claxton is the number one supplier of 47 000 barrels of condensate, is planned for 2014. lift technology to deliver reliable, integrated in-well and drilling risers for sale or rent in the North Sea. BP Framework subsea production solutions. These that will help mitigate This best-in-class approach to the subsea service risk, accelerate output and extend the life of subsea fields. market is just one example of how we're defining, Aker Solutions has secured a framework agreement The alliance team also will focus on advancing the industry’s shaping and leading subsea services. to provide engineering, modifications and well-intervention capabilities to further optimise efficiency maintenance services for BP-operated oil and gas Learn more about our drilling risers at and reduce risks in subsea developments. fields offshore Norway. www.acteon.com/drillingrisers The structure of the alliance provides the flexibility for each The contract has a period of up to two years valued company to offer any products and services to design the at maximum NOK 1.8 billion, with options to extend best solution for customers’ production challenges. the work by as many as four years. The agreement starts on June 1, 2014, following the expiration of an “Our joint commitment will help our customers unlock the existing framework contract for similar services. vast values that come from subsea production,” said Oyvind Eriksen, Aker Solutions’ executive chairman. The agreement is for work on the fields Ula, Tambar, DEFINING SUBSEA SERVICES Hod, Skarv and Valhall. The scope includes studies, maintenance and modification project work as well as preparation work for decommissioning offshore Flyndre and Cawdor Norway. Maersk Oil has received approval from the UK and SupuraKencana Contracts Norwegian authorities to develop the Flyndre and Cawdor SapuraKencana has been awarded two new fields. The fields lie approximately 293km South East of engineering, procurement, construction, installation Aberdeen in blocks 30/13 and 30/14 of the UK North Sea and commissioning (EPCIC) contracts totalling (Flyndre and Cawdor) and block 1/5 of the Norwegian approximately US$415 million (RM1.3 billion) in North Sea (Flyndre only). areas offshore Malaysia and Thailand by Carigali and Hess. Flyndre was discovered in 1974 and straddles the UK/ Norway median line. Cawdor was discovered in 2008. The These latest awards to SapuraKencana come close fields will be co-developed as a subsea tie-back to the on the heels of several announcements by the Talisman-operated Clyde platform.
Recommended publications
  • Local Energy Guide

    Local Energy Guide

    Local Energy Guide Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 4 1.1 The Energy Hubs ............................................................................ 4 1.2 Cornwall Insight ............................................................................ 4 1.3 Document Guide ............................................................................ 5 2 Overview of the GB gas and electricity markets ........................................... 6 2.1 Key roles in the GB electricity market .................................................. 6 2.2 Key roles in the GB gas market ........................................................... 9 2.3 Regulation and Governance .............................................................. 10 2.4 Energy Policy ............................................................................... 11 3 Routes to Market and Siting Considerations ............................................... 14 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 14 3.2 Public supply ............................................................................... 14 3.3 Private wire supply ........................................................................ 18 4 Revenues ........................................................................................ 21 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 21 4.2 Export via the electricity grid ..........................................................
  • Side Scan Sonar and the Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage Timmy Gambin

    Side Scan Sonar and the Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage Timmy Gambin

    259 CHAPTER 15 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OAR@UM Side Scan Sonar and the Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage Timmy Gambin Introduction Th is chapter deals with side scan sonar, not because I believe it is superior to other available technologies but rather because it is the tool that I have used in the context of a number of off shore surveys. It is therefore opportune to share an approach that I have developed and utilised in a number of projects around the Mediterranean. Th ese projects were conceptualised together with local partners that had a wealth of local experience in the countries of operation. Over time it became clear that before starting to plan a project it is always important to ask oneself the obvious question – but one that is oft en overlooked: “what is it that we are setting out to achieve”? All too oft en, researchers and scientists approach a potential research project with blinkers. Such an approach may prove to be a hindrance to cross-fertilisation of ideas as well as to inter-disciplinary cooperation. Th erefore, the aforementioned question should be followed up by a second query: “and who else can benefi t from this project?” Benefi ciaries may vary from individual researchers of the same fi eld such as archaeologists interested in other more clearly defi ned historic periods (World War II, Early Modern shipping etc) to other researchers who may be interested in specifi c studies (African amphora production for example).
  • IMCA D033 Limitations in the Use of Scuba Offshore

    IMCA D033 Limitations in the Use of Scuba Offshore

    AB The International Marine Contractors Association Limitations in the Use of SCUBA Offshore IMCA D 033 www.imca-int.com October 2003 AB The International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) is the international trade association representing offshore, marine and underwater engineering companies. IMCA promotes improvements in quality, health, safety, environmental and technical standards through the publication of information notes, codes of practice and by other appropriate means. Members are self-regulating through the adoption of IMCA guidelines as appropriate. They commit to act as responsible members by following relevant guidelines and being willing to be audited against compliance with them by their clients. There are two core committees that relate to all members: Safety, Environment & Legislation Training, Certification & Personnel Competence The Association is organised through four distinct divisions, each covering a specific area of members’ interests: Diving, Marine, Offshore Survey, Remote Systems & ROV. There are also four regional sections which facilitate work on issues affecting members in their local geographic area – Americas Deepwater, Asia-Pacific, Europe & Africa and Middle East & India. IMCA D 033 This guidance document was prepared for IMCA under the direction of its Diving Division Management Committee, enhancing and extending guidance formerly available via guidance note AODC 065, which is now withdrawn. www.imca-int.com/diving The information contained herein is given for guidance only and endeavours to reflect best industry practice. For the avoidance of doubt no legal liability shall attach to any guidance and/or recommendation and/or statement herein contained. Limitations in the Use of SCUBA Offshore 1 BACKGROUND SCUBA – self-contained underwater breathing apparatus – was first developed in the 1940s and has since become widely used for recreational and amateur diving.
  • Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities

    Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities

    _______________ OCS Study BOEM 2013-01163 Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities Final Report U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Renewable Energy Programs www.boem.gov OCS Study BOEM 2013-01163 Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities Final Report Authors Steven K. Pelletier Kristian S. Omland Kristen S. Watrous Trevor S. Peterson Prepared under BOEM Contract M11PD00212 by Stantec Consulting Services Inc. 30 Park Drive Topsham, ME 04086 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Herndon, VA Office of Renewable Energy Programs June 2013 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Stantec Consulting Services Inc. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with BOEM editorial standards. REPORT AVAILABILITY The report may be downloaded from the boem.gov website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS). You will be able to obtain this report from BOEM or the National Technical Information Service. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Ocean Energy Management National Technical Information Service Office of Renewable Energy Programs 5285 Port Royal Road 381 Elden Street, HM-1328 Springfield, Virginia 22161 Herndon, VA 20170 Phone: (703) 605-6040 Fax: (703) 605-6900 Email: [email protected] CITATION Pelletier, S.K., K.
  • Monitoring Social Obligations – Q4 2018 Data Report

    Monitoring Social Obligations – Q4 2018 Data Report

    Monitoring company performance – quarterly reporting Ofgem monitors the performance of domestic suppliers in relation to debt, disconnection, prepayment meters and help for customers in vulnerable positions. Information is collected from suppliers on a quarterly and annual basis and the data received is set out in the tables that follow and published on the Ofgem website. The published data should be read in conjunction with the accompanying guidance notes which contains definitions on the data collected. The guidance is available on the Ofgem website at the link below: Social Obligations Reporting Guidance Notes You may notice that a data field is left blank. This indicates that the supplier was unable to provide the required data for that specific reporting period. For the reconnections table, suppliers will only be shown if they have disconnected customers in the relevant reporting period. Please note that data from the following suppliers has been excluded from the report because their return data was not available: economyenergy - Electricity economyenergy - Gas Our Power - Electricity Our Power - Gas Payment Methods December 2018 Quarterly Budgeting Monthly Prepayment Electricity cash / Fuel Direct payment Other Total direct debit meter cheque schemes Affect Energy 95.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 100.0% Avid Energy 0.0% 98.6% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Avro Energy 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Axis Telecom 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Breeze Energy Supply Ltd 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Brilliant Energy
  • Overview of Geophysical and Geotechnical Marine Surveys for Offshore Wind Transmission Cables in the UK September 2015

    Overview of Geophysical and Geotechnical Marine Surveys for Offshore Wind Transmission Cables in the UK September 2015

    Overview of geophysical and geotechnical marine surveys for offshore wind transmission cables in the UK September 2015 Overview of geophysical and geotechnical marine surveys for offshore wind transmission cables in the UK Disclaimer Whilst the information contained in this report has been prepared and collated in good faith, the Offshore Wind Programme Board (OWPB) makes no representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this report (including any enclosures and attachments) nor shall be liable for any loss or damage, whether direct or consequential, arising from reliance on this report by any person. In particular, but without limitation, the OWPB accepts no responsibility for accuracy and completeness for any comments on, or opinions regarding the functional and technical capabilities of any software, equipment or other products mentioned in the report. The OWPB is not responsible in any way in connection with erroneous information or data contained or referred to in this document. It is up to those who use the information in this report to satisfy themselves as to its accuracy. This report and its contents do not constitute professional advice. Specific advice should be sought about your specific circumstances. The information contained in this report has been produced by a working group of industry professionals and has not been subject to independent verification. The OWPB has not sought to independently corroborate this information. The OWPB accepts no responsibility for accuracy and completeness for any comments on, or opinions regarding the functional and technical capabilities of any software, equipment or other products mentioned.
  • A Brief History of the GB Energy B2C Retail Market – 'The Disruption Of

    A Brief History of the GB Energy B2C Retail Market – 'The Disruption Of

    22nd Edition November 2020 World Energy Markets Observatory A brief history of the GB energy B2C retail market – ‘the disruption of incumbents’ Over the last 15 years, the GB energy retail market has changed significantly. A look back to 2005 shows 12 suppliers, with the ‘Big 6’ incumbent energy retailers – EDF Energy, British Gas, SSE, Scottish Power, npower (RWE) and E.ON having a market share of effectively 100% of the 30 million customers in the UK.1 Only 15 years later, the market in 2020 looks dramatically million in gas.3 Of these, 22% were customers switching away different - with over 50 suppliers, and the market share of the from the six largest suppliers.4 legacy incumbents’ being reduced to circa 70%. Moreover, suppliers previously thought of as “challengers” or “small Not every new entrant or challenger that has entered the suppliers” have made large acquisitions and/or grown market has been successful. In particular, in 2018 we witnessed significantly. The market is now dominated by Ovo Energy, 14 exits from the market, with Ofgem, the energy regulator, EDF, British Gas, Scottish Power and E.ON. needing to use supply of last resort arrangements for over one million customers.5 Further, a series of acquisitions from Figure 1 provides a chronicle (2005 to 2020) of how the market Octopus Energy (including ENGIE, Co-Operative Energy, structure has changed and how the UK energy retail market Affect Energy and Iresa Energy) have seen their customer base has become one of the most competitive in Europe. The increase to over one million in less than five years.
  • Gas Licensees

    Gas Licensees

    All Gas Licensee's 15/06/2021 Licensee Company no Licence Type Gas Interconnector BBL Company 2085020 Gas Interconnector Gas Networks Ireland 555744 Gas Interconnector GNI (UK) Limited 02827969 Gas Interconnector Interconnector (UK) Limited 02989838 Gas Interconnector Premier Transmission Limited NI026421 Gas Interconnector Gas Shipper Acorn Peach Energy Ltd 10117252 Gas Shipper AES Ballylumford Limited NI026040 Gas Shipper Aikafour Limited HE169886 Gas Shipper AIK Energy Austria GmbH FN515016b Gas Shipper AIK Energy Ltd 08636666 Gas Shipper AIK Energy Romania S.R.L. J40/16277/2017 Gas Shipper Alfa Smart Energy Ltd 10833778 Gas Shipper Alpha Fuels Limited 07258567 Gas Shipper Alpherg S.p.A. MI-2531173 Gas Shipper Alpiq Ltd CH-249.3.00.044-9 Gas Shipper Antargaz 572126043 Gas Shipper AOT Energy Switzerland AG CHE-102.285.624 Gas Shipper Aughinish Alumina Limited 59982 Gas Shipper Avanti Gas Limited 0481121 Gas Shipper AvantiGas On Limited 10430843 Gas Shipper Avro Commercial Shipping Limited 11130819 Gas Shipper Axpo UK Limited 06600942 Gas Shipper Barclays Bank Plc 1026167 Gas Shipper Barrow Shipping Limited 08172858 Gas Shipper Bayerngas Energy GmbH HRB 163683 Gas Shipper BE 2020 Limited 09135084 Gas Shipper BG Gas Services Limited 03299002 Gas Shipper BGI Trading Limited 10971802 Gas Shipper BNP Paribas 662 042 449 4CS Gas Shipper Bonroy Petchem Co Limited 11351915 Gas Shipper Bord Gais Energy Limited 463078 Gas Shipper BP Exploration Operating Company Limited 0305943 Gas Shipper BP Gas Marketing Limited 0908982 Gas Shipper British Gas
  • Norway/UK Regulatory Guidance for Offshore Diving

    Norway/UK Regulatory Guidance for Offshore Diving

    AB The International Marine Contractors Association Norway/UK Regulatory Guidance for Offshore Diving (NURGOD) IMCA D 034 www.imca-int.com December 2003 AB The International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) is the international trade association representing offshore, marine and underwater engineering companies. IMCA promotes improvements in quality, health, safety, environmental and technical standards through the publication of information notes, codes of practice and by other appropriate means. Members are self-regulating through the adoption of IMCA guidelines as appropriate. They commit to act as responsible members by following relevant guidelines and being willing to be audited against compliance with them by their clients. There are two core activities that relate to all members: Safety, Environment & Legislation Training, Certification & Personnel Competence The Association is organised through four distinct divisions, each covering a specific area of members’ interests: Diving, Marine, Offshore Survey, Remote Systems & ROV. There are also four regional sections which facilitate work on issues affecting members in their local geographic area – Americas Deepwater, Asia-Pacific, Europe & Africa and Middle East & India. IMCA D 034 The Norway/UK Regulatory Guidance for Offshore Diving (NURGOD) has been developed jointly by IMCA, under the direction of its Diving Division Management Committee, and OLF (Oljeindustriens Landsforening – The Norwegian Oil Industry Association). www.imca-int.com/diving The information contained herein is given for guidance only and endeavours to reflect best industry practice. For the avoidance of doubt no legal liability shall attach to any guidance and/or recommendation and/or statement herein contained. Norway/UK Regulatory Guidance for Offshore Diving IMCA D 034 – December 2003 1 Introduction and Scope...................................................................................................
  • To Download Psdiver Monthly Issue

    To Download Psdiver Monthly Issue

    Greetings safety diving. That is a topic we can discuss this year. For now let’s stick with the expectation we should have of the skills a Each issue of PSDiver Monthly has included a short editorial or Professional Diver performing public safety diving should have. commentary that I have felt compelled to share. The topic is usually something that is either a personal pet peeve of mine or If we are not Recreational Divers and hold ourselves above my opinion or concern about something that is relevant at the them, then the skill sets we possess and use should be above a time. I am privileged to have the opportunity to share these recreational diver level as well. If not, what exactly can we use editorials with such a dedicated audience. as a defense that we are Professional Divers? Recreational divers can buy all of the gear we use and commercial and This last year my focus was on something I now believe is scientific divers use the same types of gear we us. We cannot epidemic within our genre of diving. Over the last thirty years I use visibility as our measure, all the above dive in zero visibility have been part of or put together a number of groups with the as well as contaminated waters. The ONLY thing that sets us specific intention of developing a PSD Standard. I was certainly apart is our skill sets. not the first and actually have a box of letters and documents from a group who tried to do the same thing years before I While we do employ some techniques that may be unique to started.
  • Plantilla IESE Documentos Con Centros

    Plantilla IESE Documentos Con Centros

    WP-1205-E August 2018 Powering Côte d'Ivoire. Understanding the Landscape and Exploring Possibilities for Investment LETICIA PELIZAN PAVLAK Research Director, IESE Fuel Freedom Chair SIAM-IZE HERMANN SEDJI Research assistant AHMAD RAHNEMA ALAVI Professor Abstract Back in the ’90s, Côte d’Ivoire was one of the first nations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to turn to independent power producers (IPPs) to meet its rapidly growing demand and to grant a private utility a concession to operate the distribution and transmission network. Thanks to this strategy, its power system is one of the most reliable and extensive in SSA. Aware of the crucial role electrification plays in sustaining economic growth and accelerating social development, the country has made substantial and rapid progress since the end of the post-electoral conflict in 2011. However, the sector still faces many challenges. The electricity consumption per capita is 10 times lower than the world average, and 67% of households, primarily in rural areas, do not have an electricity connection. The tariffs and access fees are too high for a significant part of the population but too low to cover the costs of the system, which creates a financial deficit. With regard to electricity generation, the sector is still has a high concentration of players and technologies. Shortages in the supply of domestic natural gas – the main fuel to generate electricity – represent a threat, and the potential of renewable energies (other than hydro) remains locked. Furthermore, demand is growing fast, putting pressure on the country’s investment capacity, and the outdated network is suffering high commercial and technical losses.
  • Annual Information Form Just Energy Group Inc. May 15, 2019

    Annual Information Form Just Energy Group Inc. May 15, 2019

    ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM JUST ENERGY GROUP INC. MAY 15, 2019 JUST ENERGY GROUP INC. MAY 15, 2019 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM (1)(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………..1 THREE YEAR HISTORY OF THE COMPANY .................................................................................................... 5 BUSINESS OF JUST ENERGY ................................................................................................................................. 9 RISK FACTORS ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 22 MARKET FOR SECURITIES ................................................................................................................................. 23 PRIOR SALES ........................................................................................................................................................... 26 ESCROWED SECURITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 26 DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY ................................................................. 26 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS ............................................................................... 30 INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT