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COVER NOTE From: European External Action Service (EEAS) To: European Union Military Committee (EUMC) Subject: EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2017
Delegations will find attached document EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5.
Encl.: EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5
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Conseil UE EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE
EUROPEAN EXTERNAL ACTION SERVICE
European Union Military Staff
Working document of the European External Action Service of 04/05/2018
EEAS Reference EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5
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From European Union Military Committee To European Union Military Committee CSDP/PSDC; EUMC
Title / Subject EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2017
[Ref. prev. doc.] -
Delegations will find attached the EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2017, as agreed by EUMC during the meeting on Wednesday 02 May 2018.
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EU MILITARY TRAINING AND EDUCATION ANNUAL REPORT 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
References
A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………...... 4 B. BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………………………....5 C. AIM………………………………………………………………………………………….6 D. SCOPE………………………………………………………………………………………6 E. EU MILITARY TRAINING GROUP AND DISCIPLINES…………………………… 6 F. PERMANENT ACTIONS…………………………………………………………………10 G. SHORT TERM ACTIONS………………………………………………………………...1 3 H. MEDIUM AND LONG TERM ACTONS……………………………………………….. 15 I. RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………………..1 9
Annex: EU Military Training Disciplines
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References:
A. Outcome of Proceedings EUMCWG/HTF Meeting Week 50 (08-12-2015), doc. 14748/15, dated 12 December 2015.
B. EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2015, doc. 11066/16, dated 08 July 2016.
C. EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2016, doc. 8601/17, dated 28 April 2017.
D. EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training 2016, doc. 12566/16, dated 23 September 2016.
E. EUMS Report on the required steps to implement non-mandatory Advanced Military Training", doc. WK 1517/2017 INIT, dated 09 February 2017.
F. Draft Single Progress Report on the Development of EU Military Capabilities for the period from November 2016 to June 2018, doc. EEAS (2018) 206 REV1, dated 06 March 2018.
G. Final Report Final Training Requirements Analysis - Operations Planning for CSDP, doc. 6546/16, dated 26 February 2016.
H. Training Requirements Analysis Report - Military Contribution to EU Disaster Response, Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection, doc. 14792/16, dated 23 November 2016.
I. Council Conclusions on the Implementation of the Joint Declaration by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, doc. 15283/16, dated 06 December 2016.
J. EU Policy on Training for CSDP, doc. 7838/17, dated 03 April 2017.
K. Terms of Reference of EU Military Training Group, doc. 9357/14, dated 30 April 2014.
L. EUMS Annual Lessons and Best Practice Report 2017, EEAS (2018)7, dated 04 January 2018.
M. Guidelines for EU Military Training Discipline Leader, doc. 11192/15, dated 23 July 2015.
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A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Over the recent years, Military Training and Education (T&E) has been one of the EU Member States' (MS) preferred areas for cooperation in the field of defence.
2. The main role of the EU Military Training Group (EUMTG) has been to define the CSDP Military Training Requirements of the agreed Disciplines. In the future, the EUMTG will also propose guidelines and priorities, as well as establishing responsibilities for EU Military T&E. This ambition requires a stronger participation of the MS at the EUMTG meetings, with training experts, on a regular basis.
3. The organisation of military training by Disciplines has been an outcome of the MS' efforts and interests. The value of the Discipline-based approach and importance of Discipline Leaders (DLs) can be appreciated from multiple perspectives. On one hand, it facilitates sharing common training requirements, solutions and global training architecture. On the other hand, it also encourages the pooling of training resources. Over the last year, progress has been made by having two1 new EU Military Training DL committed.
4. EUMS and NATO staff2 have increased their dialogue on training, with regular educational and informational exchanges, as well as sharing lessons and experiences. Nonetheless, NATO could not share classified and unclassified information so as to allow access to NATO training courses to EEAS and all EU MS.
5. EUMS co-organised the annual CSDP training conference in November 2017, together with the Crisis Management Planning Directorate (CMPD), the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) and the European Security and Defence College (ESDC).
6. EUMCWG/HTF, in cooperation with the EUMS, has contributed to the development of the new EU Policy on training for CSDP. The drafting process of the Policy and associated Guidelines, conducted in the ad-hoc working group composed of CMPD, CPCC and EUMS, followed the suggestions and comments provided by the MS in various fora. Therefore, the military dimension of the CSDP is well reflected and aligned with the current developments in the area of EU Military T&E.
7. A web-based portal for crisis management training is a basic need for a timely access to the right information at a fair cost. EUMS has been in contact with the EEAS Information
1 Multinational Logistic and Civil Military Cooperation - CIMIC 2 International Military Staff (IMS), Allied Command Operations (ACO), Allied Command Transformation (ACT) and NATO accredited Centres of Excellence (CoEs). EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 European Union Military Staff SB/is 4/27 LIMITE EN
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Technology (IT) service and the European Defence Agency (EDA) to define the technical requirements. Nonetheless, the progress in this area is below expectations, due to the limited resources available to the EEAS IT service (budget and manpower).
8. At the request of the EUMC, a pilot Advanced Modular Training (AMT) has been designed and implemented by the EUMS, together with the ESDC and the volunteer Member States (SE, FR and EL). The AMT should continue in 2018/2019 and the following years based on the offers made so far by the voluntary MS (IT and FR).
9. In the medium and long term, efforts continue to consolidate the EU military T&E system. Critical pillars are a CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers and a Training Quality Assurance System.
10. In 2017, the initiatives launched in the area Military T&E have progressed at a steady pace. The main effort was made on creating conditions to present CSDP Military Training Requirements to the EUMC. Over the last three years, EUMCWG/HTF, EUMTG and EUMS proposed, and EUMC agreed or noted, several conceptual, framework documents designed to frame some initiatives related to Military T&E. Several MS, EU bodies or multinational organisations have pioneered the management of training requirements by Discipline - a structured, long term process. Nevertheless, EU bodies and MS need to put more efforts on implementing the initiatives in EU Military T&E in order to achieve the desired objectives.
11. As stated in the new EU Training Policy adopted last year, training for CSDP is a shared responsibility between EU Member States, its institutions and dedicated bodies. Therefore, more common efforts are needed to define the full spectrum of military training requirements for all identified Disciplines and, subsequently, to volunteer in the implementation of the suggested solutions.
B. BACKGROUND
12. On 10 December 2015, EUMTG, noting the parallel development of several strands in the area, invited EUMS to draft an EU Military Training and Education Annual Report, to be discussed by EUMTG and subsequently presented to the EUMC for agreement (Ref. A).
13. EUMC agreed in July 2016 on the EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2015 (Ref. B), the first document of this kind to be presented for agreement. The EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2016 (Ref. C) was agreed by EUMC in April 2017.
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 14. On 28 August 2016, EUMC agreed the "EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training 2016" (Ref. D), a document aimed to provide strategic level guidance, priorities and requirements for CSDP Military Training in order to facilitate the definition of CSDP military training requirements by the EUMTG, with direct level support from EU DLs.
15. On 15 February 2017, EUMC agreed the "EUMS Report on the required steps to implement non-mandatory Advanced Military Training"3 (Ref. E), a document aimed to provide the results of the EUMS analysis and recommendations on the potential implementation of the AMT.
C. AIM
16. The aim of this report is to inform MS on the progress achieved in the area of EU Military T&E in 2017, and to propose a way ahead.
D. SCOPE
17. This report presents the state of play of several ongoing efforts in the area of EU Military T&E. Additionally, it proposes, where relevant, the way ahead, refocusing some initiatives or cancelling the inactive/dormant ones. The report is structured on four chapters, as follows: • EUMTG and EU military training disciplines (see the annex). • Permanent actions. • Short-term actions. • Medium and long-term actions.
E. EUMTG AND MILITARY TRAINING DISCIPLINES EUMTG
18. The overall aim/responsibility of the EUMTG is to coordinate the military dimension of the CSDP training cycle. To achieve this, the EUMTG carries out the list of tasks as outlined in Ref. K.
19. Progress. In 2017, EUMTG convened in three meetings (March, June and October). During these meetings EUMTG analysed and validated the progress reports presented by the Disciplines Leaders conducting their respective TRA. The EU Military Training and
3 On request from ESDC, the title of the course changed later to Advanced Modular Training (AMT), in order to be open to military and civilian personnel. The revision was done in accordance with the agreed Report (see chapter 5 Proposals, paragraph c EUMS and ESDC constraints).
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Education Annual Report 2016 (Ref. C) was also finalised and presented for EUMC approval.
20. Assessment. Although the EUMTG´s main role is defining EU military training requirements, it should become more involved in proposing guidelines and priorities for EU Military T&E. All documents related to Military T&E should be finalised by the EUMCWG/HTF before being submitted to EUMC. Furthermore, in the future, within the context of the new CSDP training policy, the EUMTG should oversee the military section of the CSDP training programme and propose the inclusion of courses that meet the agreed curricula in such programme. This ambition requires a stronger participation of the MS at the EUMTG meetings, at the level of training experts, on a regular basis. The creation of the EU Civilian Training Group (EUCTG) is ongoing. The progress made is to be monitored, due to the possible implications on the disciplines and EUMTG programme of work. These developments will give a new impetus to civilian – military synergies.
21. In order to align the EUMTG’s responsibilities with the new EU Policy on Training for CSDP, and to improve civilian-military synergies, it is proposed that EUMCWG/HTF is tasked to update the EUMTG TORs for EUMC agreement.
EU Military Training Disciplines
22. The aim is to identify expert entities, willing and capable of leading training within functional areas or disciplines.
23. Progress. From the initial 24 disciplines, three of them were proposed to be deleted in the last annual report and the proposal was agreed by EUMC4. Out of the remaining 21 Disciplines: - in 2 disciplines, the Training Requirement Analyses (TRA) was finalised and agreed by EUMC (Operations Planning for CSDP and Military contribution to EU Disaster Response, Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection); - 7 disciplines are active; one or more MS or multinational organisations/ formations have volunteered to become a leader and a TRA was launched / is to be launched; - in 6 disciplines, the EUMS has identified a potential leader, but no formal commitment was made; - in 6 disciplines, no leader has yet been identified.
24. (Military role in) Cyber Defence. Portugal and France, as the Discipline Co-Leaders, have launched the TRA with the ambition to conclude it in 2018. In the initial stage, the main effort
4 See the EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2016, doc. 8601/17, dated 28 April 2017
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE was to conduct a task analysis and define an organisational framework. This TRA is to consider the works carried out by the EDA, the existing training organised by the ESDC, the EUMS-led revision of the Military concept for Cyber Defence and the EEAS´s action plan for the implementation of the Cyber Defence Policy Framework. Additionally, on-going parallel efforts conducted by NATO (e.g. ACT’s TRA and MNCDE&T Smart Defence Project) are being considered.
25. WMD/CBRN. In November 2015, the Czech Republic, as the Discipline Leader, started the WMD/CBRN discipline planning process with support of the Joint CBRN Defence COE. The intent is to complete a CBRN training opportunity survey and to conduct a TRA workshop by mid-2018, taking into account EU CBRN Countermeasures concept.
26. Multinational Logistics. In April 2017, the EUMC agreed to designate the Multinational Logistics Coordination Centre (MLCC) as Discipline Leader for this Discipline. An Administrative Arrangement EUMS-MLCC was signed and the new Discipline Leader has started the TRA. In September 2017, the first workshop dedicated for TRA's development was conducted and initial progress report was introduced by the MLCC to EUMTG in October 2017. In June 2018 the TRA should be finalised and solutions to the CSDP Training Programme will be developed.
27. For two other EU Military Disciplines, Gender and Integrated Border Management, it is remarked that the Programmes of Work have been presented by the committed DLs (respectively ES and EL) and validated by EUMTG.
28. CIMIC. In December 2017, EUMC agreed5 to designate the Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC) Centre of Excellence as Discipline Leader for Civ-Mil Cooperation. The framework nations for the Centre are NL and DE. The CIMIC Centre of Excellence is a NATO accredited CoE and plays a similar role - NATO Department Head - for a NATO Discipline, CIMIC. This Centre of Excellence presented the draft Programme of Work for developing the TRA in the meeting of the EUMTG on 06 March 2018.
29. (Military role in) Maritime Security. In January 2018, the EUMC agreed, under silence procedure6, to designate ES and EL as Discipline Co-Leaders. A presentation of the Programme of Work was made during the EUMTG meeting on 06 March 2018.
30. Along 2017, the EUMS provided support to several DLs to organise TRA workshops and other related activities in Brussels.
5 See the Outcome of Proceedings EUMC meeting on 20 December 2017, doc. 15934/17, dated 21 December 2017. 6 See the Outcome of Proceedings of the EUMC meeting on 10 January 2018, doc. 5119/18, dated 11 January 2018. EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 European Union Military Staff SB/is 8/27 LIMITE EN
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 31. The Council decision (CFSP)2017/2315 of 11 December 2017 established a permanent structured cooperation (PESCO). This framework for defence cooperation allows participating member states to develop jointly defence capabilities, invest in shared projects, and enhance the operational readiness and contribution of their armed forces. Some PESCO projects are directly related to training. EUMS is to monitor and update the EUMTG on the implications of all PESCO projects on the EU military Training and Education system.
32. Assessment. The organisation of military training by Disciplines has been an outcome of MS' efforts and interests. The value of the Discipline-based approach and importance of DL can be appreciated from multiple perspectives: a. Sharing common training requirements. A discipline focused TRA provides MS/EUMC with a clear picture of the EU Military Training Requirements on a number of selected CSDP specific functional areas. Then, by developing common core curricula for all these Disciplines, MS are offered a pre-defined, yet optional, training profile, as a set of learning outcomes that the national training audience should reach if they are to become interoperable in CSDP military operations. b. Sharing common training solutions. Defining clear common training requirements in the format of common core curricula, MS are exposed to potential areas of cooperation in co-organizing common courses or avoid duplicating similar courses, using recognised hubs of expertise (e.g. ESDC courses, proposed Annual EU OHQ Planning Course; Centres of Excellence courses). c. Pooling training experts. For the identified common training solutions, MS not only provide experts to the Mobile Training Teams (e.g. Operations Planning Training) but also offer facilities (e.g. training, accommodation and messing) free of cost on a reciprocal basis. d. Sharing a global training architecture. By focusing with priority on disciplines with a dual-use character, synergies with civilian CSDP and non-CSDP stakeholders are facilitated. Then, by targeting Centres of Excellence as potential DLs, NATO and EU cooperation is better focused on achieving complementarities and making use of existing work and opportunities.
33. There is a risk of keeping a long list of inactive EU Military Disciplines. The list needs to be consolidated: a revision or amendment of the list of Disciplines is required, with the possibility to be regularly updated. 34. MS are encouraged to take the lead for all non-assigned Disciplines and conduct TRA in accordance with the capacity and the Programme of Work of the EUMTG.
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F. PERMANENT ACTIONS EU - NATO informal cooperation on training and education
35. The aim is to increase mutual knowledge, understanding and confidence between both organisations in order to facilitate their interaction and synergies in eventual crisis and/or conflicts.
Staff-to-Staff Cooperation
36. Progress. EUMS and NATO staff7 have increased their dialogue on training, with regular educational and informational exchanges, as well as sharing lessons and experiences. This cooperation has allowed discussions on processes and activities of common interest in the area of training and exercises.
37. In 2017 the EU-NATO staff-to-staff contacts, to the extent possible, aimed to avoid the unnecessary duplication in training initiatives.
38. One of the discussed topics has been the identification of common military training requirements. In this respect, in order to keep track of each organisation's priorities, EUMS and ACT have developed a common list of "EU and NATO Training Disciplines", which is periodically updated.
39. In December 2015, following extensive discussions, the North Atlantic Council agreed the EUMS´s request to attend selected courses at NATO School Oberammergau (NSO) and at NATO Communication & Information School (NCISS) in Latina. Following these discussions, in 2017, 20 participants from EUMS could attend various courses at NSO and 11 participants from EUMS could also attend various courses at NCISS. Building on this initial agreement, the participation of EU´s Institutions and MS in NATO´s courses is expected to be continued and improved in the following years.
Scenario Based Informal Discussion (SBID)
40. A Scenario Based Informal Discussion (SBID) is an informal exchange of views and information between key personnel on issues related to a crisis scenario. A facilitator presents a scenario and poses questions to the participants to incentivise the discussion. SBIDs are used to provide a comparative understanding of plans, policies and procedures.
7 International Military Staff (IMS), Allied Command Operations (ACO), Allied Command Transformation (ACT) and NATO accredited Centres of Excellence (CoEs). EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 European Union Military Staff SB/is 10/27 LIMITE EN
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41. The SBIDs between NATO IMS and EUMS, are delivered in two steps. First, at staff level, guided by a team of facilitators. Second, and building upon the first step, at DGs level. The staff level step is preceded by Academics, where both organisations present their basic institutional overviews, decision-making procedures and planning processes.
42. SBID 2016. The aim was to analyse the military aspects of decision-making in Crisis Management (CM) in the overall context of a coordinated EU-NATO CME/CMX. The scenario was based on security challenges emanating from the South.
43. SBID 2017. Linked to the EU-NATO Joint Declaration and the EU-NATO common set of proposals, its aim was to: - familiarise NATO and EU staffs with each other’s exercise planning processes; - identify coordinated procedures between EU and NATO, susceptible to be practiced in Parallel and Coordinated Exercises (PACE); and - improve coordination and cooperation between military and civilian stakeholders within and between both organisations. Two scenarios supported the SBID, a NATO one for collective defence and an EU one for a crisis management military operation.
44. SBID 2018. The focus will be on the design of the Strategic Response Options, taking as a reference the scenario of the EU HEX-ML18 (PACE).
Additional cooperation in the area of training and exercises
45. Additionally, cooperation in preparation and execution of exercises, as well as exchange of lessons and experiences at several levels is being enhanced via the EU-NATO PACE. This cooperation started with the CMX 17, for which NATO was in the lead, and will continue in 2018, through the EU HEX Multilayer 18 (PACE). It is likely that these exercises take place also in 2019 and 2020.
46. Assessment. In 2017, the dialogue between EUMS and NATO training authorities has increased in intensity and results. However, the need to avoid duplication in training is still in conflict with the non-accessibility of NATO training activities and opportunities to the EEAS and all EU MS. As the principle of inclusiveness is set as a prerequisite by EUMC in case of cooperation in the domain of military training, NATO training opportunities cannot be considered as EU training opportunities.
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 47. It is proposed that, in accordance with the informal engagement plans, EUMS focus its efforts in the dialogue with IMS/ACT: - to identify NATO Education and Training Facilities and NATO accredited CoEs with potential for supporting the common training of both organisations; - to define practical ways of engaging them in a coherent manner; - to investigate practical ways of opening selected NATO existing training opportunities to EEAS and all EU MS. In addition, ESDC and NATO Defence College (NDC) could develop joint training modules on areas of common interest, opened to all EU and NATO MS. EUMS will report back to EUMC, in due time, on the progress achieved so as EUMC to be able to provide the adequate strategic guidance to EUMTG and to the DLs for the way ahead. Progresses in this direction as well as a stronger support from the NATO side are vital for the implementation of the Council Conclusions on the implementation of the Joint Declaration (Ref. I) in the area of Training and Education.
CSDP Annual Training and Education Conference
48. The aim is to actively involve the CSDP training community in reviewing EU military training requirements and finding ways to optimize the current Military T&E means.
49. In 2017, for the third time, a common training event was organised by EUMS, CMPD, CPCC and ESDC. The overall theme of this conference was “Emerging Training Requirements during the Implementation of the Global Strategy”. The two panels of discussion were “Improving Crisis Management Structures and their associated training” and “Emerging Policies and Concepts - STRATCOM”. Inputs from the field – Operation EUNAVFOR MED Operation SOPHIA, EUTM MALI or EUTM SOMALIA – were presented. The conclusions and proposals of the seminars can be exploited by DLs during their TRA processes or can be used to inform other medium and long-term actions in the area of Training and Education.
50. Assessment. The feedback on the last seminar showed that the format (joint meeting/seminar), the themes of the agenda and the composition of the panels were well appreciated. The participation of training experts from the different EU bodies was also positively valued to consolidate future cooperation in the field of Training and Education within the CSDP training community.
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 51. It is proposed that the CMPD organises in November 2018, jointly with the EUMS, CPCC and ESDC, the "CSDP Annual Training and Education Conference" on topics of common interests.
G. SHORT TERM ACTIONS Military Aspects of the New CSDP Training Policy
52. The aim was to provide the contribution of the military component of the CSDP to the review of the EU Training Policy in ESDP (doc. 14176/2/03 dated 7 November 2003) and EU Training Concept in ESDP (doc. 11970/04 dated 30 August 2004).
53. Progress. Based on a seminar organised in July 2015, which broadened the scope of the Policy by introducing the learning dimension, CMPD produced a new draft Policy and associated Guidelines for cooperation among CMPD, CPCC and EUMS. This process was finalised by the adoption of the EU Training Policy on Training for CSDP by the Foreign Affairs Council on 03 April 2017.
54. Assessment. The drafting process of the Policy and the associated Guidelines in the ad-hoc Working Group (composed of elements from CMPD, CPCC and EUMS) followed the suggestions and comments provided by the MS in various fora, including EUMTG. Therefore, the military dimension of the CSDP is well reflected and aligned with the current developments in the area of EU Military Training and Education. The military aspects of the new EU Policy on training for CSDP will be further developed in the next “EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training” (drafting ongoing), which will establish guidelines priorities and responsibilities for Military Training and Education.
55. It is proposed that EUMS focus on the implementation of the EU Policy on Training for CSDP, in cooperation with CMPD, CPCC and ESDC, as well as on drafting the next "EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training”.
EU Crisis Management T&E Web Portal
56. The aim is to ensure effective, transparent and easy access to relevant information on T&E. This would contribute to the rationalization and coordination of the offers on T&E to avoid duplication of efforts, increase efficiency, support better division of labour, encourage pooling of resources and achieve economies of scale.
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 57. Progress. EUMS presented the idea to the EUMCWG/HTF and contacted the EEAS IT department with the aim to define the portal structure and technical specifications and to investigate possible development options. EEAS ICT governance agreed the inclusion of the project in their portfolio but could not provide an estimated time for delivery. According to the EEAS IT management, the main obstacles are the limitations in manpower and in the budget.
58. Assessment A web-based training portal for crisis management training is no longer a luxury, but a basic need for a timely access to the right information at a fair cost. It would be a single public web gateway towards the websites of training providers (military and civilians), to their programmes and opportunities. This portal should also have the capacity to offer a password protected working platform for the EUMTG. However, the implementation timeline depends strongly on the EEAS IT´s support.
59. It is proposed that EUMS further assess the most suitable option for the T&E Web Portal, in co-operation with EEAS IT and EDA, encouraging other stakeholders (e.g. ESDC, CMPD, CPCC, EU HQ community) to contribute.
Advanced Modular Training (AMT).
60. On 20 December 2016, EUMC invited EUMS to draft a report on the required steps to implement a non-mandatory AMT. EUMS presented the requested report and EUMC agreed the recommendations of the document during its meeting on 15 February 2016. Among other aspects, this Training is designed to cover one identified gap in the training requirements for developing the crisis management planning procedures, including the operational planning.
61. So far, the implementation of this training is progressing in accordance with the steps described in the EUMS report (Ref. E).
62. The first pilot module of the AMT (the CSDP Orientation Course) and the second pilot module (the Comprehensive Crisis Management Course) were co-organised by EUMS and ESDC in September 2017 and February 2018, respectively. Three pilot modules III “Operations Planning” were conducted by Sweden, France and Greece.
63. As requested, EUMS provided support (course facilitators, planners) to the organisers of the pilot modules III in Sweden and Greece during the preparation and conduct phases.
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 64. It is proposed that EUMS, together with ESDC, finalises the AMT Common Core Curriculum and submits it to the Executive Academic Board for agreement. Moreover, EUMS, together with ESDC and the willing MS, will coordinate the organisation and implementation of the upcoming AMT modules.
H. MEDIUM AND LONG TERM ACTIONS "EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM"
65. The aim is to institutionalise the memory developed by EUTM Somalia and Mali in a form of a training curriculum to facilitate the preparation of future similar missions.
66. Progress. In 2017, the 1st Draft of the Guidance (after the first phase) was handed over to EUMS to be further finalised in EUMCWG. Later in February 2018, the draft (second phase8) was presented to EUMC and MS were invited to provide written comments.
67. Assessment. The success of this practical document largely depends on its effective use by the staff involved in EUTM/EUMAM-type Missions.
68. It is proposed that EUMTG close and cease monitoring the topic "EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM", taking into consideration the upcoming finalisation of this action by the EUMCWG.
CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers
69. The aim is to develop a standard curriculum composed of programmes/ modules that would need to be implemented in the national Military Training and Education systems to achieve a higher degree of interoperability. This action also aims at a better promotion across the MS of the EU security culture at all levels of military career, not only at cadet level, currently addressed by the ESDC-led military ERASMUS initiative.
70. The curriculum could be developed by an ad-hoc working group composed of representatives of ESDC Executive Academic Board, volunteer MS's representatives, EUMTG and EUMS. The group could be divided in subgroups, for each category of officers, meeting quarterly for coordination and working at distance on individual assignments. The project would be composed of 3 strands: a. Strand 1. Finalisation of the Military Profession Sectorial Qualification Framework (SQF)
8 On 3rd May 2016, the EUMC agreed to accept the offer of Spain (ES) to lead the first phase of the development of an “EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM” with the participation of Germany (DE) and support from the EUMS. Later, France (FR) and Belgium (BE) offered also to participate in this phase. EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 European Union Military Staff SB/is 15/27 LIMITE EN
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE for all levels of military career (level 7 – junior officers, Capt./Maj and level 8 – senior officers Maj/LtCol)9; b. Strand 2. Development of the common core curricula for all training Disciplines, as per Ref. D. c. Strand 3. Consolidation of the common core curricula in a CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers (grouped by 3 categories: cadets and basic officers, junior officers and senior officers).
71. A comprehensive framework should capture all critical aspects of the military officer profession, at its junior and senior levels. The SQF will also provide a context to grant that MS´s national programmes are used for this SQF.
72. Progress. ESDC has already developed a SQF for cadets and basic officers (Level 6) and proposed that a full SQF at all levels is developed. Currently, ESDC is considering finalising a similar SQF for senior officers.
73. A letter was recently sent by the Head of ESDC to the EU MS10, together with an SQF questionnaire, asking to nominate experts with relevant operational, educational and training expertise to form a European ad hoc working group, which will define the qualifications at the levels (junior and senior officers). The working group will meet under the auspices of the ESDC and will act in close coordination with the EUMS.
74. At a later stage, the further implementation of the SQF could also consider some elements from the AMT.
75. Assessment. The proposed curriculum would consolidate the common core curricula developed by the different DLs. It would also create conditions to assure, in the long run, the quality required by the international educational standards, European Qualification Framework11 (EQF). Finally, it would open a platform to share common standards and experiences with NATO and third states enhancing greater interoperability12.
9 The ESDC Implementation Group (IG) proposed that a complete military qualification framework should cover all levels of the EQF. The development of the other levels is outside the mandate of the IG, but the IG strongly recommends to the EUMC that a military sectorial qualification framework covering these levels would be developed. 10 Letter from the Head of the ESDC to the EU Member States on the finalization of SQF, doc. Ares(2017)6171521, dated 15 December 2017. 11 The European Qualification Framework (EQF) is a cascading system, starting from very generic competence levels to more and more specific descriptors in national qualification frameworks, national sectorial qualification frameworks. 12 NATO has already developed such curricula for officers http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_123844.htm and NCOs http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_123842.htm . EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 European Union Military Staff SB/is 16/27 LIMITE EN
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE 76. It is proposed that EUMS to further contribute to ESDC's finalisation of the SQF for all levels of military career (level 7 – junior officers Capt./Maj, and level 8 – senior officers Maj/LtCol). MS are encouraged to contribute to this endeavour.
Quality Assurance for EU Military Training 77. The aim of this long term action is to ensure the quality of the CSDP military training, aligned with the international educational standards, EQF and SQF.
78. Progress. The educational standards, in terms of learning outcomes (competencies) should be reflected in the common core curricula of each Training Discipline. Moreover, the development and subsequent endorsement by the MS of the "CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers" would greatly support the establishment of a quality assurance for EU Military Training and Education. ESDC has developed a mechanism for developing standard curricula for courses organised under its umbrella, which could be viewed as an internal quality assurance construct.
79. Assessment. EUMTG and DLs should play an important role in this long term action. EUMTG should be prepared to define the quality assurance standards and oversee their implementation in the EU Military Training and Education in accordance with international educational standards, EQF and SQF. Based on the agreed common core curricula, Discipline Leader should propose courses that meet CSDP military training requirements to be included in the CSDP Training Programme. 80. It is proposed that EUMS, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, continue the analysis of implications of a Quality Assurance for EU Military Training, in compliance with the new CSDP Training Policy.
PROPOSED WAY AHEAD
81. In order to align the EUMTG’s responsibilities with the new EU Policy on Training for CSDP, and to improve civilian-military synergies, it is proposed that EUMCWG/HTF is tasked to update the EUMTG ToRs for EUMC agreement.
82. MS are encouraged to take the lead for all non-assigned Disciplines and conduct TRA in accordance with the capacity and the Programme of Work of the EUMTG.
83. Permanent actions: a. It is proposed that, in accordance with the informal engagement plans, EUMS focus its efforts in the dialogue with IMS/ACT: EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 European Union Military Staff SB/is 17/27 LIMITE EN
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE - to identify NATO Education and Training Facilities and NATO accredited CoEs with potential for supporting the common training of both organisations, - to define practical ways of engaging them in a coherent manner, and - to investigate practical ways of opening selected NATO existing training opportunities to EEAS and all EU MS. In addition, ESDC and NATO Defence College (NDC) could develop joint training modules on areas of common interest, opened to all EU and NATO MS. EUMS will report back to EUMC, in due time, on the progress achieved so as EUMC to be able to provide the adequate strategic guidance to EUMTG and to the DLs for the way ahead. Progresses in this direction as well as a stronger support from the NATO side are vital for the implementation of the Council Conclusions on the implementation of the Joint Declaration (Ref. I) in the area of Training and Education. b. It is proposed that the CMPD organises in November 2018, jointly with the EUMS, CPCC and ESDC, the "CSDP Annual Training and Education Conference" on topics of common interests.
84. Short term actions. It is proposed for EUMS to: a. focus on the implementation of the EU Policy on Training for CSDP, in cooperation with CMPD, CPCC and ESDC, as well as on drafting the next "EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training". b. further assess the most suitable option for the T&E Web Portal, in co-operation with EEAS IT and EDA, encouraging other stakeholders (e.g. ESDC, CMPD, CPCC, EU HQ community) to contribute. c. finalise, together with ESDC, the AMT Common Core Curriculum and submit it to the Executive Academic Board for agreement. Moreover, EUMS, together with ESDC and the willing MS, will coordinate the organisation and implementation of the upcoming AMT modules.
85. Medium and long term actions. It is proposed as follows: a. EUMTG to close and cease monitoring the topic "EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM", taking into consideration the upcoming finalisation of this action by the EUMCWG. b. EUMS to further contribute to ESDC's finalisation of the SQF for all levels of military career (level 7 – junior officers Capt./Maj, and level 8 – senior officers Maj/LtCol). MS are encouraged to contribute to this endeavour.
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE c. EUMS, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, to continue the analysis of implications of a Quality Assurance for EU Military Training, in compliance with the new CSDP Training Policy.
I. RECOMMENDATION
86. The EUMCWG/HTF recommends EUMC to agree the report and the proposed way ahead. ______
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EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE ANNEX EU Military Training Disciplines
Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements 13 1. Comprehensive Potential - • CFSP/ CSDP framework, institutions, Not initiated yet. Civil-Military Co-ordination: 14 Approach to Crisis ESDC principles and objectives Framework paper of possible Management in • European Security Strategy objectives, solutions for the management of EU CSDP values/interests, threats and challenges Crisis Management Operations, • EU relationship with IOs, NGOs and Third 8926/06 (L) States Civil- Military Co-ordination • (CMCO): Possible solutions for the Comprehensive Approach in action and management of EU Crisis operational engagement Management Operations - Improving • Civil military coordination/ Civil-military information sharing in support of EU instruments in support of CSDP Crisis Management Operations, doc. • The role of the Commission's instruments 13218/5/06 (L) for crisis management and conflict Civil Military Co-ordination (CMO), prevention 10828/1/07 (L) • Political issues specific to CSDP, political objectives/ dimension of a CSDP • Comprehensive, corporate culture for EU crisis management 2. (Military role in) PT&FR • Cyber Security and Cyber Defence TRA ongoing 2017- EU Concept for Cyber Defence for Cyber Defence Awareness; 2018. EU-led Military Operations, • Cyber Defence Staff Officers’ Operational Last TRA workshop 14767/16 (L) Planning; took place in • Cyber Intelligence (Cyber Intel); Brussels, on 05 EU Concept for Computer Network March 2018. Operations in EU-led Military • Cyber Security and Cyber Defence The TRA Report to Operations (CNO), 13537/1/09 (R) Capability Development;
13 Potential discipline leaders have been identified by EUMS and informal contact may have been established. 14 ESDC cannot legally report to the EUMTG. However, ESDC operates as a de facto discipline leader through its decision making body (Steering Committee) for almost all disciplines with an obvious civilian-military character.
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 Annex European Union Military Staff SB/is 20/27 LIMITE EN EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements • Cyber Security and Cyber Defence be finalized by 1st Management and Advise; semester of 2018. • Cyber Security and Cyber Defence Legal framework and advice. 3. Operations EUMS & MN Thematics confirmed through TRA: TRA completed, EU Concept for Military Planning at Planning for JHQ Ulm, DE • Situational awareness EUMC agreed the Political-Strategic level, 6432/15 (P) CSDP • Comprehensive (Grand) Strategy TRA Report on 24 EU HQ SOPs on training, 3649/10, • Legal basis/ Procedures Feb 2016 (doc 3821/10 (R) • 6546/16, dated 26 EU HQ Training Guide, 11506/93 Conflict analysis feb 16) (L) • Operational Concepts & Tools • Operational art • (Comprehensive) Operations design • (Military) Estimate • Writing & Communicating Operations Planning Product 15 4. Civil Military CIMIC CoE • CIMIC procedures TRA ongoing. EU Concept for Civil-Military Co- Cooperation • Communication skills operation (CIMIC) for EU-led Military Operations, 11716/1/08 (R) 5. Military BG, Thematics confirmed through TRA: TRA completed, Military Support the EU Disaster Contribution to Crisis Manag./ • Disaster Risk Management. EUMC agreed the Response: Identification and EU Disaster Disaster Response • Legal and ethical basis for the use of TRA Report on 16 Coordination of available Assets and Response, CoE (CMDR military in Disaster Response, Humanitarian Nov 2016. Capabilities, 11065/06 (P) 16 Humanitarian COE) Assistance and Civil Protection. Military Support to EU Humanitarian Assistance and • Interagency coordination, cooperation and Aid and Disaster Response Efforts Civil Protection cross-sectorial interaction. • Planning and conduct of disaster response and humanitarian assistance trainings.
15 CIMIC CoE is a NATO accredited Centre of Excellence. The framework nations are Netherlands and Germany. The sponsoring nations are Denmark, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovenia. 16 CMDR CoE is a NATO accredited CoE. Framework nation is Bulgaria and Sponsoring Nations are Poland and Greece.
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 Annex European Union Military Staff SB/is 21/27 LIMITE EN EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements • Military contribution in planning of disaster response, humanitarian assistance and civil protection activities. • Military capabilities planning in support of disaster response, humanitarian assistance and civil protection. 6. (Military role in) EL, • Border security management process TRA ongoing. EU Concept on CSDP Support to Integrated Border Multi-national Integrated Border Management, doc. Management Peace Support 17868/13, (L). (Border Security) Ops Training Centre 7. (Military Support Not identified • Military role in tackling criminal activities Not initiated yet. Not identified. to) Counter in both internal and external security Terrorism environments, through closer international and interagency cooperation 8. (Military support Potential ESDC • Mentoring, assistance missions Not initiated yet. EU Concept for ESDP Support to to) SSR/DDR • Military role in SSR/ DDR Security Sector Reform (SSR), 13565/05 (P) Military Support to EU Conflict Prevention and Stabilisation Activities (under development estimated 2017) Military Support to EU Security Sector Reform Activities (under development) EU Guidance for a generic EU Training Mission/ EU Military Advisory Mission 9. Financing of Potential • Athena Mechanism Financial Rules Not initiated yet. Not identified. CSDP military ATHENA • Common costs, nation borne costs (J8 missions and division CGS functions for CSDP military missions and operations operations to manage EU financial
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 Annex European Union Military Staff SB/is 22/27 LIMITE EN EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements procedures) • Contractor Support to CSDP military missions and operations 10. Legal aspects of Potential • Legal issues specific to CSDP Not initiated yet. EU Concept for the Use of Force in CSDP International • Rules of Engagement EU-led Military Operations, Institute of • Rules for the Use of Force 17168/2/09 (R) Humanitarian Avoiding and Minimizing Collateral Law, IT17 Damage in EU-led Military Operations Concept, 5785/16 (P) Protection of Civilians in EU-led military Operations,6730/15, (P) Concept for the use of Non-Lethal Capabilities in EU-led CSDP military operations and missions, 7674/15 (P) 11. (Military role in) EL • Security of supply routes (the analysis could TRA ongoing. EU Maritime Security Operations Maritime Security (NATO Maritime include common training for Policing in the (MSO) Concept, 8592/12 (L) Interdiction Maritime Domain and Maritime CSDP Maritime Operations Operation Interdictions Operations to secure flows of (including EU Maritime Security Training Centre – energy and fisheries) Operations) NMIOTC) • Knowledge and competences in the Maritime Security field ES • Common competences and initiatives in EU underwater activities • Special Operations Forces activities in the maritime environment (e.g., developing common competences on subjects like counter-terrorism at sea, counter-piracy, hostage release etc.)
17 The International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL) is an independent organisation founded in 1970 at Sanremo, Italy. The mission of the Institute is to promote the understanding and application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). More details on the official website http://www.iihl.org/the-institute/
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 Annex European Union Military Staff SB/is 23/27 LIMITE EN EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements • Stability Policing in the Maritime Domain and Maritime Interdiction Operations 12. (Military role in) EU Concept for Geospatial Space Operations Not identified. Not identified. Not initiated yet Information, 11124/08 (revision, estimated 2017) 13. (Military role in) Potential NATO EU Military concept on Energy Security Energy Security Environmental Protection and Energy Not identified. Not initiated yet. CoE, LT18 Efficiency for EU-led Military Operations, 13758/12 (L) 14. WMD/CBRND CZ • Prevention and protection against CBRN TRA ongoing 2017- EU Concept for CBRN EOD in EU- 19 JCBRN CoE threats 2018. led Military Operations, 8948/08 (L) • Recovery measures and resilience in case Next TRA workshop EU Concept for the Detection, prevention and protection failed as a result to take place in Identification and Monitoring of of symmetric and asymmetric conflict Prague, June 2018. Chemical, Biological, Radiological • Political, legal and civil-military aspects and Nuclear and Toxic Industrial Materials in EU-led Military Ops, 12783/08 (L) Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Concept for EU-Led Military Operations, 11845/14 (P) 15. Mission Specific/ Potential ESDC • Role of the liaison officer/ civilian advisor Not initiated yet. Deployment of Military Personnel - Pre-deployment working within HQs/ civilian advisors in Generic minimum Standards, 20 Training PRT type tasks 15512/06 (L) • Ballistic, mechanical and explosive breaching
18 NATO Energy Security COE is a NATO accredited CoE and was appointed NATO Department Head for Energy Security. Framework Nation is Lithuania and Sponsoring Nations are: Estonia, France, Italy, Latvia, Turkey and United Kingdom. Georgia is a partner country. 19 WMD / CBRN / CoE is a NATO accredited CoE. Framework nation is the Czech Republic and Sponsoring Nations are another 12 nations. 20 This is a fully interdisciplinary domain, with input from almost all other disciplines. Therefore, the leader of this discipline should consolidate training requirements for pre- deployment derived from the TRA of all other disciplines into a mission oriented training.
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 Annex European Union Military Staff SB/is 24/27 LIMITE EN EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements • Counter-improvised explosive devices (C- IED) drills • Detainee handling • Cultural training • Escalation and de-escalation of force 16. Communications Not identified. • Info management at HQ using CIS/ IT tools Not initiated yet. EU Concept for CIS for EU led and Info • Command, Control and Communications Military Operation, 9971/12 (R) Integration (C3) (revision estimated 2017) • CIS architecture CIS Concept for EU Crisis Management, 8665/02 (P) • IT tools to control deployment and Military Information Security redeployment Concept for EU-led Crisis • OPSEC Management Ops, 6630/05 (R) EU Concept for Military Command and Control, 10688/08 (R) 17. Intelligence/ Not identified. • Direction stage (e.g. answer received Not initiated yet. ISTAR Concept for EU Crisis ISTAR requests for information; coordination Management and EU-led Crisis among HQ's intelligence capabilities and Management Ops, 7759/07 (R) NIC) EU Conceptual Framework for • Collection stage (e.g. Geospatial products; Military Human Intelligence, HUMINT process) 11807/09 (R) • Processing stage (e.g. collate and correlate EU Concept for Military Intelligence information) Structures in EU Crisis Management • and EU-led Military Ops , 16361/13 Analysis stage (e.g. evaluate, integrate, (R) analyse & interpret collected information; ISTAR and intelligence fusion in CSDP military missions and operations; assess the adversary’s collection capabilities; intelligence process determine adversary’s capabilities, courses of action & intentions; Compile the Common Operational Picture; assess the threat posed by terrorism,
EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 Annex European Union Military Staff SB/is 25/27 LIMITE EN EEAS(2018) 331 REV 5 LIMITE Discipline Preliminary Thematics Main source of training Ser Discipline State of Play Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) requirements espionage, subversion, sabotage, organised crime)
• Dissemination stage (e.g. provide near real time intelligence to support planners and decision makers; intelligence and counterintelligence reports) 18. Multinational Multinational • ADAMS TRA ongoing 2017- EU Concept for Logistic support for Logistics Logistic • Logistic concepts 2018 EU-led Military Operations and Coordination Missions, 15040/14 (L) 21 • Implementation mechanism for Centre - MLCC . multinational logistic solutions (e.g. Host Nation Support Concept for identification of common demands, EU-led Military Operations, 7374/12 Framework Contracts, Minimum standards (P) (revision estimated 2017) etc.) EU Concept for Reception, Staging, • Onward Movement and Integration Administration of equipment received for (RSOI) for EU-led Military temporary use from a unit of another Operations, 9844/12 (P) (revision member state estimated 2017) EU Concept for Strategic Movement and Transportation for EU-led Military Operations, 9798/12 (P) (revision estimated 2017) EU Concept for Contractor Support to EU-led Military Operations, 8628/14 (P) 19. Leadership and Not identified. • Role of key leader engagement in CSDP Not initiated yet. Not identified. Management military missions and operations • Low level leadership • Leadership training in stressful and
21 MLCC is a multinational body composed of: Czech Republic, Slovakia, USA, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Georgia, Austria, Spain, Lithuania, Croatia, Poland, United Kingdom, Greece, Serbia and Hungary. It plays in the same time the role of Department Head in NATO for the discipline Multinational Logistics.
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20. Information Not identified. • Media Operations/ Press Information Not initiated yet. EU Concept for Psychological Ops, Environment activities 7314/08 (R) (InfoOps, PsyOps) • Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) EU Concept for Military Information for reducing insurgents will to fight and Ops, 6917/08 (R) separate the local population from them • Information Operations • Psychological/ Counter Psychological Operations 21. Gender Spanish Military • Gender issues and human rights in CSDP Commitment made 'Revised indicators for the Office for Gender operations by ES. TRA ongoing Comprehensive approach to the EU Issues in 2017-2018. implementation of the UN Security Operations Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820 on women, peace and security', Council conclusions (12525/16) dated 22 September 2016
Legend Discipline leader confirmed, work in progress or completed Potential discipline leader identified, no work initiated No potential discipline leader identified, no work initiated Abrev. P - Public; L - Limite; R - Restricted
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