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Building a More Resilient Haitian State / Keith Crane

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THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY institution that helps improve policy and POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY decisionmaking through research and SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY analysis. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND Support RAND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Building A More re silient Haitian State Keith Crane, James Dobbins, LaureL e. miLLer, CharLes P. r ies, ChristoPher s. Chivvis, marLa C. h aims, marCo overhaus, heather Lee sChwartz, eLizabeth wiLKe Sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Smith Richardson Foundation NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIVISION The research described in this report was sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Smith Richardson Foundation and was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Division. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Building a more resilient Haitian state / Keith Crane ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8330-5043-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Political planning—Haiti. 2. Nation-building—Haiti. 3. Haiti—Politics and government—1986- I. Crane, Keith, 1953- II. Rand Corporation. JL1089.5.P64B85 2010 320.6097294--dc22 2010031440 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos by The Miami Herald, used with permission © Copyright 2010 RAND Corporation Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of RAND documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND documents are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND permissions page (http://www.rand.org/publications/ permissions.html). Published 2010 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface This report appraises past and current plans and policies to improve the provision of public services in Haiti and, drawing on this appraisal, provides recommendations on how those plans and policies might be improved. The report focuses on setting priorities and suggesting how programs and initiatives might be refocused so as to provide palpa- ble improvements in the provision of public services in Haiti over the course of the next few years. It is designed to be useful to the govern- ment of Haiti as it develops detailed plans for policy and institutional reforms and to the international donor community as it determines how to support the government’s efforts. The research described in this report was sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Smith Richardson Foun- dation and was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Divi- sion (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Com- mands, the defense agencies, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Intelligence Community, allied foreign govern- ments, and foundations. For more information on RAND’s International Security and Defense Policy Center, contact the Director, James Dobbins. He can be reached by email at [email protected]; by phone at 703- 413-1100, extension 5134; or by mail at the RAND Corporation, 1200 S. Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202. More information about RAND is available at www.rand.org. Contents Preface . ............................................................................ iii Figures . ............................................................................ xi Summary . ........................................................................xiii Acknowledgments . ........................................................... xxiii Abbreviations . .................................................................. xxv CHAPTER ONE Introduction . ...................................................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO Background . ....................................................................... 9 Haiti’s Challenges . ................................................................13 Economic Development . .......................................................13 Society . ...........................................................................15 State Administration . ..........................................................16 Politics . ...........................................................................17 Consequences of the Earthquake . ..............................................19 Haiti and Donors . ............................................................... 20 CHAPTER THREE Governance and Public Administration . ................................... 27 The Challenges . .................................................................. 28 Long-Standing Challenges . ................................................... 28 Consequences of the Earthquake . ............................................33 Appraisal of Plans and Initiatives for Addressing the Challenges . ......... 34 Plans and Initiatives Before the Earthquake . ............................... 34 v vi Building a More Resilient Haitian State Revised Plans . .................................................................. 36 Recommendations . ...............................................................39 Determine the Applicable Postearthquake Reform Plan . ..................39 Prioritize and Rationalize the Framework Program . .......................39 Focus Attention and Resources on Civil Service Reform . ................ 40 Initiate Practical Steps Toward Decentralization and Deconcentration . ......................................................... 40 Offer Support to Parliament and Political Parties . .........................41 Keep Constitutional Reform Modest for Now . .............................41 Employ Donor Leverage to Secure Key Reforms . ......................... 42 CHAPTER FOUR Justice . ............................................................................ 43 The Challenges . .................................................................. 43 Long-Standing Challenges . ................................................... 44 Consequences of the Earthquake . ............................................47 Appraisal of Plans and Initiatives for Addressing the Challenges . ......... 48 Plans and Initiatives Before the Earthquake . ............................... 48 Revised Plans . ...................................................................51 Recommendations . ...............................................................52 Devote Greater Attention to Justice Reform.................................53 Create a Mechanism for Resolving Real and Other Property Disputes Stemming from the Earthquake . .............................53 Establish a Special Ad Hoc Panel for Detainee Review . .................. 54 Expand Prison Capacity . .......................................................55 Build an Information-Management System . ................................55 CHAPTER FIVE Security . ...........................................................................57 The Challenges . ...................................................................57 Long-Standing Challenges . ....................................................57 Consequences of the Earthquake . ............................................59 Appraisal of Plans and Initiatives for Addressing the Challenges . ..........59 Plans and Initiatives Before the Earthquake . ................................59 Revised Plans . .................................................................
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