To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter Toppan Best-set. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print. This proof copy is the copyright property of the publisher and is confidential until formal publication. These proofs may contain color(colour) figures. Those figures may print black and white in the final printed book if a color(colour) print product has not been planned. The color(colour) figures will appear in color(colour) in all electronic versions of this book.

CONTRIBUTORS

Joshua M. Abzug, MD Andrew T. Assenmacher, MD Allen T. Bishop, MD Associate Professor ProMedica Health System Professor of Orthopedic and Neurologic Departments of Orthopedics and Pediatrics Toledo, Ohio Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Monroe, Michigan Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Consultant, Division of Hand Surgery George S. Athwal, MD, FRCSC Department of Orthopedic Surgery Julie E. Adams, MD Professor of Surgery Mayo Clinic Associate Professor Orthopedic Surgery Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic Health System Centre Rochester, Minnesota St. Joseph’s Health Care Jeremy Bruce, MD Austin, Minnesota University of Western Ontario Chattanooga, Tennessee London, Ontario, Canada Christopher S. Ahmad, MD Travis C. Burns, MD Head Team Physician New York Yankees Yaser M. Baghdadi, MD Lieutenant Colonel, United States Marine Chief, Sports Medicine Service Surgical Resident Corps Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Cleveland Clinic Orthopedic Surgeon, San Antonio Military Medicine Weston, Florida Medical Center New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Fort Sam Houston, Texas Medical Center Champ L. Baker, Jr., MD New York, New York Hughston Clinic Christopher L. Camp, MD Columbus, Georgia Sports Medicine Center Shahryar Ahmadi, MD, FRCSC Mayo Clinic Department of Orthopedics Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics Champ L. Baker III, MD Rochester, Minnesota Director, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Hughston Clinic Department of Orthopaedics Columbus, Georgia Brian T. Carlsen, MD University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Associate Professor Little Rock, Arkansas José R. Ballesteros-Betancourt, MD Plastic and Orthopedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Mayo Clinic Eloy Dario Tabeayo Alvarez, MD Traumatology Rochester, Minnesota Shoulder and Elbow Unit Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Andrea Celli, MD Hospital Universitario La Paz University of Barcelona Shoulder and Elbow Unit Madrid, Spain Macro and Micro-Dissection and Surgical Hesperia Hospital Anatomy Laboratory, Human Anatomy Modena, Italy Kai-Nan An, PhD and Embryology Department Professor Emeritus Barcelona, Spain Charalambos P. Charalambous, MBChB, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine MSc, MD, FRCS (Tr & Orth) Rochester, Minnesota Raul Barco, MD, PhD Honorary Professor Shoulder and Elbow Unit Consultant in Trauma and Orthopaedics James R. Andrews, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine The Andrews Institute Hospital Universitario La Paz University of Central Lancashire Gulf Breeze, Florida Madrid, Spain Preston, United Kingdom; Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Karen L. Andrews, MD Jonathan D. Barlow, MD, MS Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Associate Professor Assistant Professor Blackpool, United Kingdom Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Orthopedics Mayo Clinic Division of Shoulder Surgery Neal Chen, MD Rochester, Minnesota The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Assistant Professor Center Sports Medicine Harvard Medical School; Samuel Antuña, MD, PhD, FEBOT Columbus, Ohio Massachusetts General Hospital Chief, Shoulder and Elbow Unit Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopedic Surgery Joseph M. Bestic, MD Boston, Massachusetts Hospital Universitario La Paz; Assistant Professor of Radiology Orthopaedic Department Diagnostic Radiology Emilie Cheung, MD Hospital La Paz Mayo Clinic Associate Professor Madrid, Spain Jacksonville, Florida Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Palo Alto, California

vi

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Contributors vii

Akin Cil, MD Neal S. ElAttrache, MD Justin L. Hodgins, MD Franklin D. Dickson Associate Professor of Associate Clinical Professor Orthopaedic Surgeon Orthopaedics Department of Orthopaedics Rouge Valley Health System University of Missouri-Kansas City Keck School of Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada Truman Medical Centers University of Southern California; Kansas City, Missouri Director, Sports Medicine Terese T. Horlocker, MD Fellowship, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Professor of Anesthesiology and John E. Conway, MD Los Angeles, California Orthopaedics Team Orthopedic Consultant Department of Anesthesiology Texas Christian University and University of Bassem T. Elhassan, MD Mayo Clinic Texas at Arlington Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Medical Director Rochester, Minnesota Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Jeffery S. Hughes, MBBS, FRACS Orthopedic Specialty Associates Larry D. Field, MD Orthopaedic Consultant Texas Health Physicians Group Orthopaedic Physician North Shore Private Hospital Fort Worth, Texas Mississippi Sports Medicine and Sydney, Australia Orthopaedic Center Roger Cornwall, MD Jackson, Mississippi Carrie Y. Inwards, MD Associate Professor Professor of Pathology Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Antonio M. Foruria, MD, PhD Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Developmental Biology Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Division of Anatomic Pathology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Unit Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Center Head, Orthopedic Surgery Department Rochester, Minnesota Cincinnati, Ohio Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital Associate Professor of Orthopedics In-Ho Jeon, MD, PhD Omkar H. Dave, MD Surgery Department Professor Omkar Dave MD PLLC Autonoma University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, and Madrid, Spain Asan Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Arthroscopy University of Ulsan Houston, TX Hillary W. Garner, MD Seoul, South Korea Assistant Professor Joshua S. Dines, MD Department of Radiology Srinath Kamineni, MD, FRCS-Orth Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Mayo Clinic Professor of Bioengineering Hospital for Special Surgery Jacksonville, Florida Brunel University School of Engineering New York, New York and Design; Robert U. Hartzler, MD, MS Consultant Elbow, Shoulder, Upper Limb Karan Dua, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Surgeon, and Clinical Lead Research Fellow University of the Incarnate Word School of Upper Limb Unit Department of Orthopaedics Osteopathic Medicine Cromwell Hospital University of Maryland Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon London, United Kingdom Baltimore, Maryland The San Antonio Orthopaedic Group San Antonio, Texas Graham J.W. King, MD, MSc, FRCSC Thomas R. Duquin, MD Professor Assistant Professor John W. Hinchey, MD Department of Surgery Department of Orthopaedics Assistant Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery Western University; University at Buffalo Shoulder & Elbow Fellowship, VA Site Director Buffalo, New York Director St. Joseph’s Health Centre South Texas Veterans’ Health Care System; Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Anil K. Dutta, MD Adjunct Associate Professor, Orthopaedic Centre Associate Professor Surgery London, Ontario, Canada Orthopedic Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center at University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Jeffrey C. King, MD San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Clinical Associate Professor San Antonio, Texas Western Michigan University E. Rhett Hobgood, MD Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine Eric W. Edmonds, MD Mississippi Sports Medicine and Kalamazoo, Michigan Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopaedic Center University of California San Diego; Jackson, Mississippi Director, 360 Sports Medicine Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego San Diego, California

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viii Contributors

Joyce S.B. Koh, MD Robert L. Lennon, DO Steven L. Moran, MD Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Associate Professor of Anesthesiology Professor and Chair of Plastic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mayo Medical School; Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Singapore General Hospital Supplemental Consultant Mayo Clinic Singhealth Regional Health System Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Singapore Rochester, Minnesota Bernard F. Morrey, MD Sandra L. Kopp, MD Kevin J. Little, MD Professor Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Director, Pediatric Hand and Upper Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Extremity Center Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Rochester, Minnesota; Center; Professor of Orthopedics Young W. Kwon, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Cincinnati School of Medicine San Antonio, Texas Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cincinnati, Ohio New York University School of Medicine Mark E. Morrey, MD, MSc New York, New York Manuel Llusá-Pérez, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Orthopedics Professor of Human Anatomy and Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mikko Larsen, MD, PhD Embryology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Consultant Plastic Surgeon Barcelona Medical School Rochester, Minnesota Department of Plastic Surgery Department of Anatomy; Launceston General Hospital Head of Trauma Unit Michael R. Moynagh, MBBAOBCh, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia Hospital Clinic, Barcelona FFRRCSI, MRCSI Trauma and Orthopaedics Assistant Professor of Radiology Susan G. Larson, MS, PhD Barcelona, Spain Department of Radiology Professor Mayo Clinic Department of Anatomical Sciences Harvinder S. Luthra, MD Rochester, Minnesota Stony Brook University School of Medicine John Finn Professor of Medicine Stony Brook, New York Division of Rheumatology Robert Nirschl, MD, MS Mayo Clinic Founder Chairman Emeritus Lisa Lattanza, MD Rochester, Minnesota Nirschl Orthopaedic Center; Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Senior Orthopaedic Surgeon Emeritus, Chief, Division of Hand, Elbow and Upper Alex A. Malone, MBBS, FRCS (Tr & Virginia Hospital Center Extremity Surgery Orth), FRACS Arlington, Virginia; Orthopaedic Surgery Senior Clinical Lecturer Clinical Associate University of California San Francisco Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Professor Emeritus San Francisco, California; Musculoskeletal Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Consultant Surgeon University of Otago Washington, DC Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Christchurch, New Zealand Shriners Hospital of Northern California Michael J. O’Brien, MD Sacramento, California Pierre Mansat, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics Professor of Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Thomas Lawrence, MD, MSc, Department of Orthopedics and Tulane University School of Medicine FRCS(T&O) Traumatology New Orleans, Louisiana Consultant Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon University Hospital of Toulouse Trauma and Orthopaedics Toulouse, France Shawn W. O’Driscoll, MD, PhD University Hospital Coventry and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Warwickshire Thomas G. Mason, MD Mayo Clinic Coventry, United Kingdom Rheumatology Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic Brian P. Lee, MD Rochester, Minnesota Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos, MD, DSc Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Professor and Chairman Orthopaedic Associates Amy L. McIntosh, MD First Department of Orthopaedics Mount Elizabeth Hospital; Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Athens University Medical School Visiting Consultant Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children Attikon University General Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Dallas, Texas Athens, Greece Singapore General Hospital Singapore Robert Nelson Mead, MD, MBA Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana

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Contributors ix

Rick Papandrea, MD Felix H. “Buddy” Savoie III, MD Jarrod R. Smith, MD Partner Ray J. Haddad Professor and Chair of President Orthopedic Associates of Wisconsin Orthopaedic Surgery Smith Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, PSC Pewaukee, Wisconsin; Tulane University School of Medicine Ashland, Kentucky Assistant Clinical Professor New Orleans, Louisiana Orthopaedic Surgery Jay Smith, MD Medical College of Wisconsin Olga D. Savvidou, MD Professor of Physical Medicine & Milwaukee, Wisconsin Associate Professor Rehabilitation First Department of Orthopaedics Departments of Physical Medicine and Hamlet A. Peterson, MD, MS Athens University Medical School Rehabilitation Emeritus Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Attikon University General Hospital Radiology and Anatomy Mayo Medical School; Athens, Greece Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Emeritus Consultant in Orthopedic Surgery Rochester, Minnesota Emeritus Chair Pediatric Orthopedics Erin M. Scanlon, MD Mayo Clinic Rheumatology Jeremy S. Somerson, MD Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic Assistant Professor Rochester, Minnesota Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Samantha Lee Piper, MD Rehabilitation Orthopedic Hand and Upper Extremity Alberto G. Schneeberger, MD University of Texas Medical Branch Surgery Consultant Galveston, Texas Southern California Permanente Medical Privatdozent at University of Zurich Group Endoclinic Zurich, Klinik Hirslanden Robert J. Spinner, MD San Diego, California Zurich, Switzerland Chairman Department of Neurologic Surgery Adam M. Pourcho, DO Benjamin W. Sears, MD Burton M. Onofrio Professor of Instructor of Sports Medicine Orthopaedic Surgeon Neurosurgery Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Western Orthopaedics Professor of Orthopedics and Anatomy Swedish Medical Group Denver, Colorado Mayo Clinic School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Rochester, Minnesota Adam J. Seidl, MD Matthew L. Ramsey, MD Assistant Professor Anthony A. Stans, MD Professor Orthopedic Surgery Chair, Division of Pediatric Orthopedics Orthopaedic Surgery University of Colorado Department of Orthopedic Surgery Thomas Jefferson University and Rothman Aurora, Colorado Mayo Clinic Institute Rochester, Minnesota Philadelphia, Pennsylvania William J. Shaughnessy, MS, MD Pediatric Orthopedics and Scoliosis Surgery Scott P. Steinmann, MD Nicholas G. Rhodes, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Senior Associate Consultant Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic Health System Department of Radiology Rochester, Minnesota Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic Austin, Minnesota Rochester, Minnesota Alexander Y. Shin, MD Professor of Orthopedic and Neurologic Matthew T. Stepanovich, MD David Ring, MD, PhD Surgery Clinical Fellow Associate Dean for Comprehensive Care Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Pediatric Orthopaedic and Scoliosis Professor of Surgery and Perioperative Care Consultant, Division of Hand Surgery Fellowship The University of Texas at Austin–Dell Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego Medical School Mayo Clinic San Diego, California Austin, Texas Rochester, Minnesota Philipp N. Streubel, MD Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, MD, PhD Thomas C. Shives, MD Assistant Professor Professor Professor Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Omaha, Nebraska Consultant Rochester, Minnesota Division of Adult Reconstruction Jo Suenghwan, MD, PhD Department of Orthopedic Surgery Juan P. Simone, MD Assistant Professor Mayo Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics Rochester, Minnesota Orthopedic Surgery Chosun University Hospital Alemán Gwangju, South Korea Buenos Aires, Argentina

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x Contributors

Andrew R. Thoreson, MS Roger P. van Riet, MD, PhD Jacqueline S. Weisbein, DO Biomechanics Laboratory Elbow Surgeon Partner and Medical Director Division of Orthopedic Research Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Napa Pain Institute Rochester, Minnesota Fellowship Director Napa, California President of the Belgian Elbow and Thomas W. (Quin) Throckmorton, MD Shoulder Society Daniel E. Wessell, MD, PhD Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Radiology Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Traumatology Mayo Clinic University of Tennessee Campbell Clinic AZ Monica Jacksonville, Florida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Antwerp Memphis, Tennessee Antwerp, Belgium Ken Yamaguchi, MD Sam and Marilyn Fox Distinguished Nho V. Tran, MD Ilya Voloshin, MD Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery Professor of Orthopaedics Chief, Shoulder and Elbow Service Mayo Clinic Director, Shoulder and Elbow Division Washington University School of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota Department of Orthopaedics St. Louis, Missouri University of Rochester Medical Center Ann E. Van Heest, MD Rochester, New York Dan A. Zlotolow, MD Professor Associate Professor of Orthopaedics Department of Orthopedic Surgery Carley Vuillermin, MBBS, FRACS Temple University School of Medicine; University of Minnesota; Instructor in Orthopaedic Surgery Attending Physician Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospital for Children Shriners Hospital for Children—Twin Cities Staff Orthopaedic Surgeon Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Minneapolis, Minnesota Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts

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