DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation and Characterization of an Isaria Fumosorosea Isolate Infecting the Asian Citrus Psyllid in Florida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isolation and Characterization of an Isaria Fumosorosea Isolate Infecting the Asian Citrus Psyllid in Florida Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 99 (2008) 96–102 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yjipa Isolation and characterization of an Isaria fumosorosea isolate infecting the Asian citrus psyllid in Florida Jason M. Meyer *,1, Marjorie A. Hoy, Drion G. Boucias University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Building 970, P.O. Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA article info abstract Article history: A fungal pathogen that killed adult Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid) (Hemiptera: Psylli- Received 23 January 2008 dae) in Florida citrus groves during the fall of 2005 was identified and characterized. Investigation of this Accepted 11 March 2008 pathogen is important because D. citri vectors citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing), which was Available online 15 March 2008 reported in Florida in 2005. The morphological and genetic data generated herein support identification of the fungus as Isaria fumosorosea Wize (Ifr)(=Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) (Hypocreales: Cordycipita- Keywords: ceae) from the Asian citrus psyllid (Ifr AsCP). Koch’s postulates were fulfilled after the fungus was isolated Asian citrus psyllid in vitro and transmitted to healthy psyllids, which then exhibited a diseased-phenotype similar to that Cordycipitaceae observed in the field. Both in vitro growth characteristics and two Ifr AsCP-specific molecular markers dis- Diaphorina citri Hemiptera criminated the psyllid pathogen from another local Ifr isolate, Ifr 97 Apopka. These molecular markers Huanglongbing will be useful to track the dynamics of this disease in D. citri populations. The potential for utilizing Ifr Hypocreales to complement existing psyllid pest management strategies is discussed. Isaria fumosorosea Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Microbial control Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Psyllidae 1. Introduction rixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (Hoy et al., 1999; Hoy and Nguyen, 2000). The maintenance of clean nursery The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, (Hemip- stocks and removal of HLB-infected citrus trees are cultural mea- tera: Psyllidae) was discovered in Florida in 1998 and apparently sures used to retard the spread of HLB. Widespread use of chemical arrived without its natural enemies (Halbert, 1998; Knapp et al., insecticides may result in the development of resistant psyllid pop- 1998; Halbert et al., 2000). Control of D. citri is important because ulations and could negatively affect existing biological control this phloem-feeding pest vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus agents in citrus that suppress populations of mites, scales, white- (Ca. L. asiaticus), a phloem-residing a–proteobacterium that causes flies, mealybugs, aphids, and the citrus leafminer. Therefore, new citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) (Garnier et al., approaches are needed that complement existing management 2000). HLB was discovered in Florida in 2005 and poses a serious strategies for D. citri, such as the potential utilization or augmenta- threat to the citrus industry because Ca. L. asiaticus infections tion of microbial pathogens that attack the psyllid. Worldwide, di- cause fruit damage and ultimately kill citrus trees (Halbert and verse species of pathogenic fungi suppress D. citri populations, Manjunath, 2004; Halbert, 2005; Bouffard, 2006). especially during periods of high relative humidity (Samson, To limit the spread of HLB, suppression of D. citri populations 1974; Rivero-Aragon and Grillo-Ravelo, 2000; Subandiyah et al., will require a multi-tactic integrated pest management (IPM) pro- 2000; Étienne et al., 2001; Xie et al., 1988; Aubert, 1987). gram. Petroleum oil and foliar and systemic insecticides are cur- In the fall of 2005, two fungal pathogens were discovered rently recommended to reduce D. citri populations (Rae et al., attacking D. citri in Florida, and one of these pathogens was identi- 1997; Browning et al., 2006; Rogers and Timmer, 2007), but will fied as Hirsutella citriformis (Meyer, 2007; Meyer et al., 2007). The not likely eliminate HLB transmission. Other control agents include initial goals of this study were to identify the second psyllid path- native predators (Michaud, 2004) and the exotic parasitoid Tama- ogen using both morphological and molecular analyses and then determine if the disease could be propagated in a healthy labora- tory colony of D. citri. For convenience within this manuscript, * Corresponding author. henceforth the psyllid pathogen will be referred to as Isaria fumos- E-mail addresses: [email protected] (J.M. Meyer), [email protected]fl.edu orosea Wize (=Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) from the Asian citrus (M.A. Hoy), pathos@ufl.edu (D.G. Boucias). 1 Present address: Purdue University, Department of Entomology, 901 W. State psyllid or Ifr AsCP (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Hodge et al., Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. 2005; Luangsa-ard et al., 2005). 0022-2011/$ - see front matter Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2008.03.007 J.M. Meyer et al. / Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 99 (2008) 96–102 97 Once determined, the morphological and molecular characteris- quarter-strength Sabouraud dextrose agar +1% yeast extract tics of Ifr AsCP were compared to a reference strain, Ifr 97 (=Pfr 97), (SDY) or malt extract agar (MEA) media. Another local isolate of which was isolated from Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococci- Ifr, Ifr 97 Apopka, was kindly supplied by Dr. L. Osborne and main- dae) in Apopka, FL. Ifr 97 was commercially developed as the tained on psyllids and in vitro according to the methods described microbial insecticide Pre-FeRal W.R. Grace and Co., Columbia above. Transparent tape-mounts of sporulating cultures were MD; Thermo Trilogy/Biobest N.V., Belgium) (Vidal et al., 1998; Far- stained with acid fuchsin and examined under a light microscope ia and Wraight, 2001). These comparisons were conducted to at 400Â to examine the structural characteristics of the fungi determine if Ifr AsCP was the same local strain as the well-charac- grown in vitro (Koneman and Roberts, 1985). terized Ifr 97. If the two fungi were the same strain, then we could The growth rate and conidia yield of Ifr AsCP and Ifr 97 were pursue field trials with a commercially-available microbial formu- compared 1-week post-inoculation on SDY and MEA. Fungal cul- lation. If they were different strains, then Ifr AsCP, the naturally tures were held at 26 °C without light, and conidia were harvested occurring D. citri pathogen, could be formulated and compared as follows: (i) hyphae + conidia were scraped from plates with a with Ifr 97 in laboratory and field trials for psyllid control. Collec- sterilized spatula and suspended in 10 mL sterile water; (ii) the tively, this research contributes the first steps towards evaluating suspension was filtered through Miracloth (Calbiochem, EMD Bio- Ifr for its potential use in an IPM program to suppress D. citri pop- sciences Inc., La Jolla, CA) held in a funnel and collected in a glass ulations in Florida or elsewhere. beaker; (iii) conidia were quantified using a hemocytometer. For Ifr AsCP and Ifr 97, two replicates each consisting of six SDY and MEA plates (6 cm) were spot-inoculated with 5 lL of 4.5 Â 105 con- 2. Materials and methods idia + water to measure growth, and 100 lL of 4.5 Â 107 conidia/ mL to measure conidia production. To test the effect of media on 2.1. Collection of psyllid cadavers and description of the fungus mean growth (diameter) and mean conidia yield for Ifr AsCP and Ifr 97, the data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance Cadavers of adult D. citri were collected from a single orange with PROC GLM, and the least squares means were separated using 0 00 0 grove in Polk county, FL (28°06 295 N, 81°42.895 W) during Sep- a probability of a significant divergence of P 6 0.05 (SAS Institute, tember and October 2005. The cadavers were placed into sterile 1996). 50-mL centrifuge tubes (USA Scientific, Ocala, FL) and held at Qualitative assays were conducted to determine if the in vitro 4 °C during transit to the Entomology and Nematology Department cultures were infective to D. citri. Adult D. citri from the laboratory at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Mycosed D. citri were colony were grasped with a fine-tipped forceps and touched (20 photographed using a dissecting microscope linked with the individuals) or not touched (20 controls) directly to the surface Auto-Montage Pro system using software ver. 5.02 (Synoptics, of sporulating cultures of Ifr AsCP and Ifr 97 grown on quarter- Frederick, MD) and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on strength SDY media. Inoculated psyllids were then maintained a Hitachi 4000 FE-SEM operating at 4–6 kV (Quattlebaum and Car- according to the method used to propagate the pathogen on psyl- ner, 1980). Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy lids after exposure to the field-collected cadavers. Mortality due to (360–1000Â) was used to analyze the hemolymph of infected fungal pathogenesis in these assays was recorded three days after adult D. citri and mature conidia isolated from in vitro cultures of treatment. Ifr AsCP. SPOT software 3.4.3 (Diagnostic Instruments, Sterling Heights, MI) was used to measure structures of the psyllid patho- 2.4. Molecular analyses gen captured digitally. DNA was isolated from a single field-collected mycosed adult D. 2.2. Laboratory propagation of the psyllid disease citri, from 1-week-old cultures of Ifr AsCP initiated from that same cadaver, and from Ifr 97 grown on 6-cm plates containing quarter- A laboratory colony of D. citri was maintained according to Skel- strength SDY media. All DNA extractions were conducted using ley and Hoy (2004) in a greenhouse at 20–32 °C with a 16L:8D pho- PUREGENE reagents (Gentra Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according toperiod. Adult D. citri were allowed to oviposit on the tender new to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pathogenicity of Isaria Sp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against the Sweet Potato Whitefly B Biotype, Bemisia Tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)Q
    Crop Protection 28 (2009) 333–337 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Crop Protection journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cropro Pathogenicity of Isaria sp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) against the sweet potato whitefly B biotype, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)q H. Enrique Cabanillas*, Walker A. Jones 1 USDA-ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA article info abstract Article history: The pathogenicity of a naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria sp., found during natural Received 13 May 2008 epizootics on whiteflies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, against the sweet potato whitefly, Received in revised form Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, was tested under laboratory conditions (27 C, 70% RH and 26 November 2008 a photoperiod of 14:10 h light:dark). Exposure of second-, third- and fourth-instar nymphs to 20, 200, Accepted 28 November 2008 and 1000 spores/mm2, on sweet potato leaves resulted in insect mortality. Median lethal concentrations for second-instar nymphs (72–118 spores/mm2) were similar to those for third-instar nymphs Keywords: (101–170 spores/mm2), which were significantly more susceptible than fourth-instar nymphs Biological control 2 Entomopathogenic fungi (166–295 spores/mm ). The mean time to death was less for second instars (3 days) than for third instars 2 Whitefly (4 days) when exposed to 1000 spores/mm . Mycosis in adult whiteflies became evident after delayed infections of sweet potato whitefly caused by this fungus. These results indicate that Isaria sp. is path- ogenic to B. tabaci nymphs, and to adults through delayed infections caused by this fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes As Control Agents for Drosophila Suzukii
    insects Article Further Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes as Control Agents for Drosophila suzukii Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson * and Neil Audsley Fera, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1904-462-201 Academic Editor: Brian T. Forschler Received: 15 March 2016; Accepted: 6 June 2016; Published: 9 June 2016 Abstract: Drosophila suzukii populations remain low in the UK. To date, there have been no reports of widespread damage. Previous research demonstrated that various species of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes could potentially suppress D. suzukii population development under laboratory trials. However, none of the given species was concluded to be specifically efficient in suppressing D. suzukii. Therefore, there is a need to screen further species to determine their efficacy. The following entomopathogenic agents were evaluated for their potential to act as control agents for D. suzukii: Metarhizium anisopliae; Isaria fumosorosea; a non-commercial coded fungal product (Coded B); Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The fungi were screened for efficacy against the fly on fruit while the nematodes were evaluated for the potential to be applied as soil drenches targeting larvae and pupal life-stages. All three fungi species screened reduced D. suzukii populations developing from infested berries. Isaria fumosorosea significantly (p < 0.001) reduced population development of D. suzukii from infested berries. All nematodes significantly reduced adult emergence from pupal cases compared to the water control. Larvae proved more susceptible to nematode infection. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora proved the best from the four nematodes investigated; readily emerging from punctured larvae and causing 95% mortality.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Patterns of Fungal Entomopathogens in Soil Habitats
    Distribution patterns of fungal entomopathogens in soil habitats: Natural occurrence, diversity, dynamics Nicolai V. Meyling SIP Utah 2009. Fungus Division Symposium 'Fungi in Soil Habitats' Slide 1 Assessing diversity in soils •Isolation methods Patterns of distribution •Agricultural vs. natural habitats •Horizontal distribution Dynamics of soil reservoir •Cycling between below and above ground environments Molecular characterization •Species identification •Emergent patterns and implications SIP Utah 2009. Fungus Division Symposium 'Fungi in Soil Habitats' Slide 2 Natural occurrence on fungal entomopathogens in soil habitats – why ? Reservoir and buffer environment • Natural enemies – targets for conservation biological control strategies • Effects of management practices on fungal populations • Find indigenous isolates for biological control • Predict effects of augmented biocontrol strains SIP Utah 2009. Fungus Division Symposium 'Fungi in Soil Habitats' Slide 3 Isolation from soil environment Insect bait methods • Entomopathogenic isolates • Standardized approach? • Which insects? Selective in vitro media • Detection levels? • How selective? ”… the Galleria bait method tends to be more sensitive that the (in vitro) isolation method.” From Keller et al. (2003) BioControl , 48, 307-319 SIP Utah 2009. Fungus Division Symposium 'Fungi in Soil Habitats' Slide 4 Conidiobolus coronatus Isaria fumosorosea Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium flavoviride Beauveria bassiana Isaria farinosa Hirsutella SIP Utah 2009. Fungus Divisionnodulosa Symposium 'Fungi in Soil Habitats' Slide 5 Host range and specialization Specialist Strongwellsea spp . Pandora neoaphidis Beauveria brongniartii SIP Utah 2009. Fungus Division Symposium 'Fungi in Slide 6 Beauveria bassiana Generalist Soil Habitats' Host range: using the target pest Tolypocladium Metarhizium Beauveria cylindrosporum anisopliae bassiana Delia floralis (Diptera) + + - Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) - + + Based on Klingen et al. (2002) Agriculture, Ecosystem and Envrionment , 91, 191-198 SIP Utah 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Fungus, Isaria Fumosorosea, Against
    Kushiyev et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2018) 28:55 Egyptian Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0062-z Biological Pest Control RESEARCH Open Access Efficacy of native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea, against bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Rahman Kushiyev, Celal Tuncer, Ismail Erper* , Ismail Oguz Ozdemir and Islam Saruhan Abstract The efficacy of the native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea TR-78-3, was evaluated against females of the bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), under laboratory conditions by two different methods as direct and indirect treatments. In the first method, conidial suspensions (1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia ml−1) of the fungus were directly applied to the beetles in Petri dishes (2 ml per dish), using a Potter spray tower. In the second method, the same conidial suspensions were applied 8 −1 on a sterile hazelnut branch placed in the Petri dishes. The LT50 and LT90 values of 1 × 10 conidia ml were 4.78 and 5.94/days, for A. dispar in the direct application method, while they were 4.76 and 6.49/days in the branch application 8 −1 method. Similarly, LT50 and LT90 values of 1 × 10 conidia ml for X. germanus were 4.18 and 5.62/days, and 5.11 and 7.89/days, for the direct and branch application methods, respectively. The efficiency of 1 × 106 conidia ml−1 was lower than that of 1 × 108 against the beetles in both application methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of the Fungus Isaria Fumosorosea
    This article was downloaded by: [University of Florida] On: 11 June 2013, At: 06:27 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Biocontrol Science and Technology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbst20 Effects of the fungus Isaria fumosorosea (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) on reduced feeding and mortality of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Pasco B. Avery a , Vitalis W. Wekesa b c , Wayne B. Hunter b , David G. Hall b , Cindy L. McKenzie b , Lance S. Osborne c , Charles A. Powell a & Michael E. Rogers d a University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA b USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Subtropical Insect Research Unit, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA c University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA d University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA Published online: 25 Aug 2011. To cite this article: Pasco B. Avery , Vitalis W. Wekesa , Wayne B. Hunter , David G. Hall , Cindy L. McKenzie ,
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Activity of N-Hydroxyethyl Adenosine from Isaria Sinclairii
    Int. J. Indust. Entomol. Vol. 17, No. 2, 2008, pp. 197~200 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Antioxidant Activity of N-hydroxyethyl Adenosine from Isaria sinclairii Mi Young Ahn*, Jung Eun Heo, Jae-Ha Ryu1, Hykyoung Jeong, Sang Deok Ji, Hae Chul Park and Ha Sik Sim Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-100, Korea 1College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742, Korea (Received 21 November 2008; Accepted 04 December 2008) The antioxidant activity of Isaria (Paecilomyces) sin- worms) was recently introduced in Korea as a crude drug clairii was determined by measuring its radical scav- for the treatment of cancer and diabetes (Ahn et al., 2004). enging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Dongchunghacho was also found to possess selective radicals. The n- BuOH extract of P. sinclairii showed antihypertensive activity in a spontaneously hypertensive strong scavenging activity to DPPH. The anti-oxidant rat (SHR) model (Ahn et al., 2007a) as well as anti-obe- potential of the individual fraction was in the order of sity activity in Zucker fat/fat rats (Ahn et al., 2007b). Sen- ethylacetate > n- BuOH > chloroform > n-hexane. The sitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) n-BuOH soluble fraction exhibiting strong anti-oxi- and tandem mass spectrometry (EI-MS) of the main com- dant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel ponents of the methanol extract of I. sinclairii revealed the column chromatography. N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenos- presence of adenosine (Ahn et al., 2007a). Adenosine may ine (HEA) was isolated as one of the active principles play a role in asthma by enhancing the release of the from the n-BuOH layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Coupled Biosynthesis of Cordycepin and Pentostatin in Cordyceps Militaris: Implications for Fungal Biology and Medicinal Natural Products
    85 Editorial Commentary Page 1 of 3 Coupled biosynthesis of cordycepin and pentostatin in Cordyceps militaris: implications for fungal biology and medicinal natural products Peter A. D. Wellham1, Dong-Hyun Kim1, Matthias Brock2, Cornelia H. de Moor1,3 1School of Pharmacy, 2School of Life Sciences, 3Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Correspondence to: Cornelia H. de Moor. School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. Email: [email protected]. Provenance: This is an invited article commissioned by the Section Editor Tao Wei, PhD (Principal Investigator, Assistant Professor, Microecologics Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province in South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China). Comment on: Xia Y, Luo F, Shang Y, et al. Fungal Cordycepin Biosynthesis Is Coupled with the Production of the Safeguard Molecule Pentostatin. Cell Chem Biol 2017;24:1479-89.e4. Submitted Apr 01, 2019. Accepted for publication Apr 04, 2019. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.25 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.04.25 Cordycepin, or 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a metabolite produced be replicated in people, this could become a very important by the insect-pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) new natural product-derived medicine. and is under intense investigation as a potential lead compound Cordycepin is known to be unstable in animals due for cancer and inflammatory conditions. Cordycepin was to deamination by adenosine deaminases. Much of the originally extracted by Cunningham et al. (1) from a culture efforts towards bringing cordycepin to the clinic have been filtrate of a C. militaris culture that was grown from conidia.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Options for Insect, Mite, and Mollusk Management in Commercial Strawberry Production in Florida1 James F
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. ENY-689 Pesticide Options for Insect, Mite, and Mollusk Management in Commercial Strawberry Production in Florida1 James F. Price, Curtis Nagle, and Susan E. Webb2 Florida growers produce primarily fresh market straw- requires that pests be detected in a timely manner through berries that were valued at $366.3 million in 2010–11, systematic scouting. Appropriate control measures should harvested from 9,900 acres (Florida Agriculture Statistical be applied as conditions warrant. Bulletin 2011). More than 95% of the crop is produced near Plant City, with smaller production areas in north Florida Biological control measures have been developed for man- and around Homestead, FL. agement of twospotted spider mites and are practiced by a portion of the industry. Information on biological control Major early-season arthropod pests include lepidopterous of insects and mites in strawberry production is available larvae, twospotted spider mites, and aphids, some of which at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS180. Toxicity information for may accompany the transplants from their origin. By many pesticides used in Florida strawberry production to mid-season and later, major concerns are with twospotted commercially available predators of spider mites is sum- spider mites, thrips, fruit (vinegar) flies and sap beetles. marized at http://side-effects.koppert.nl/. Pameras (seed bugs) add to the concern and may evoke complaints when they accompany berries to markets. Now The tables in this document list pesticides that are presently spotted wing drosophila flies can be present to damage fruit available to commercial strawberry producers in Florida or to reproduce and damage the blueberry crop that follows and are organized alphabetically by the following major strawberries.
    [Show full text]
  • Strain of Entomopathogenic Fungus Isaria Fumosorosea Ccm 8367 (Ccefo
    (19) TZZ ¥_¥_T (11) EP 2 313 488 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C12N 1/14 (2006.01) A01N 63/04 (2006.01) 29.04.2015 Bulletin 2015/18 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 09775812.2 PCT/CZ2009/000088 (22) Date of filing: 23.06.2009 (87) International publication number: WO 2010/006563 (21.01.2010 Gazette 2010/03) (54) STRAIN OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS ISARIA FUMOSOROSEA CCM 8367 (CCEFO. 011.PFR) AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING INSECT AND MITE PESTS STAMM DES ENTOMOPATHOGENEN PILZES ISARIA FUMOSOROSEA CCM 8367 (CCEFO. 011.PFR) UND VERFAHREN ZUR BEKÄMPFUNG VON INSEKTEN- UND MILBEN- SCHÄDLINGEN SOUCHE DU CHAMPIGNON ENTOMOPATHOGÈNE ISARIA FUMOSOROSEA CCM 8367 (CCEFO. 011.PFR) ET PROCÉDÉ POUR LUTTER CONTRE LES INSECTES ET LES ACARIENS NUISIBLES (84) Designated Contracting States: • ZEMEK ROSTISLAV ET AL: "Perspectives for the AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR biological control of Cameraria ohridella." HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND PT RO SE SI SK TR APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, vol. 72, no. 3, 2007, pages 521-526, XP008114865 ISSN: (30) Priority: 23.06.2008 CZ 20080394 1379-1176 • ZEMEK ROSTISLAV ET AL: "The first record of (43) Date of publication of application: entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces 27.04.2011 Bulletin 2011/17 fumosoroseus(Deuteromycota :Hyphomycetes) on the hibernating pupae of Cameraria ohridella (73) Proprietor: Biology Centre AV CR, v.v.i. (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae)" 370 05 Ceske Budejovice (CZ) ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases
    plants Review Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra, Victoria Huertas, Fernando Diánez , Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos and Mila Santos * Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; [email protected] (A.M.-G.); [email protected] (V.H.); [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (B.S.-M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-950-015511 Received: 17 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 10 December 2020 Abstract: Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus Paecilomyces as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use. Keywords: biological control; diseases; pests; Paecilomyces 1. Introduction The genus Paecilomyces was first described in 1907 [1] as a genus closely related to Penicillium and comprising only one species, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Cordyceps Yinjiangensis, a New Ant-Pathogenic Fungus
    Phytotaxa 453 (3): 284–292 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.3.10 Cordyceps yinjiangensis, a new ant-pathogenic fungus YU-PING LI1,3, WAN-HAO CHEN1,4,*, YAN-FENG HAN2,5,*, JIAN-DONG LIANG1,6 & ZONG-QI LIANG2,7 1 Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China. 2 Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China. 3 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-8614 4 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-6841 5 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-3975 6 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-5915 7 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2867-2231 *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Ant-pathogenic fungi are mainly found in the Ophiocordycipitaceae, rarely in the Cordycipitaceae. During a survey of entomopathogenetic fungi from Southwest China, a new species, Cordyceps yinjiangensis, was isolated from the ponerine. It differs from other Cordyceps species by its ant host, shorter phialides, and smaller septate conidia formed in an imbricate chain. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined datasets of (LSU+RPB2+TEF) and (ITS+TEF) confirmed that C. yinjiangensis is distinct from other species. The new species is formally described and illustrated, and compared to similar species. Keywords: 1 new species, Cordyceps, morphology, phylogeny, ponerine Introduction The ascomycete genus Cordyceps sensu lato (sl) consists of more than 600 fungal species.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Vegetable Insect Management
    Organic Vegetable Insect Management Organic Vegetable Production Russell L. Groves Conference, February 2, 2018 Department of Entomology Madison, WI University of Wisconsin http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/vegento/ Vegetable IPM Resources o Vegetable Insect Mgmt Web-page http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/vegento/ o Vegetable Disease Mgmt Web-page http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/wivegdis http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/wivegdis/contents_pages/veg_crop_updates.html o ATTRA o Wisconsin Pest Bulletin https://attra.ncat.org/publication.html http://datcpservices.wisconsin.gov/pb/index.jsp Vegetable IPM Resources Cornell University, Organic Guide for Vegetables http://nysipm.cornell.edu/organic_guide/veg_org_guide.asp Organic Materials Review Institute Web-page http://www.omri.org/omri-lists/download UWEX Learning Store http://learningstore.uwex.edu/ Organic pest management tactics for vegetables Use all available tools to manage pest damage in the most economic, socially, and environmentally sound way Host plant resistance Cultural controls (timing, surveillance) Transgenic plants Natural Vegetable Reduced-Risk enemies IPM Insecticides Baits and Entomopathogens baiting systems Population disruption Process of an IPM program decision Component Process flow monitoring and sampling inspect crop pest identification what pest(s)? decision-making what action(s)? Intervention take action(s) follow-up re-inspect crop record-keeping write it down education review and learn • For all farm sizes and any management approach (e.g. conventional, agro-ecological, or
    [Show full text]