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Redescription of Chelifer Eucarpus DALMAN (Arachnida, Chelonethi, Withiidae) and fi Rst Records of Pseudoscorpions in Copal from Madagascar and Colombia

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Redescription of Chelifer Eucarpus DALMAN (Arachnida, Chelonethi, Withiidae) and fi Rst Records of Pseudoscorpions in Copal from Madagascar and Colombia Palaeodiversity 3: 33–42; Stuttgart 30 December 2010. 33 Redescription of Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN (Arachnida, Chelonethi, Withiidae) and fi rst records of pseudoscorpions in copal from Madagascar and Colombia MARK L. I. JUDSON Abstract Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN, 1826, which was previously considered a nomen dubium, is redescribed from the holotype tritonymph and transferred to the genus Withius KEW, 1911 (Withiidae). The provenance of the fossil is un- known, but it is most likely to be of East African origin (Zanzibar copal). Eucarpus HAGEN, 1870 is a generic nomen nudum, based on a misinterpretation of the binomen Chelifer eucarpus. The fi rst pseudoscorpions from Madagas- can copal are recorded: a male and female of the genus Tyrannochthonius CHAMBERLIN, 1929 (Chthoniidae), and the deutonymphal exuviae of an unidentifi ed genus of Atemninae (Atemnidae). The fi rst pseudoscorpions from Colom- bian copal are recorded: a female of Paratemnoides nidifi cator (BALZAN, 1888) (Atemnidae) and an adult of Pach- ychernes aff. subrobustus (BALZAN, 1892) (Chernetidae) (fi rst record of the genus Pachychernes from Colombia). K e y w o r d s : Pseudoscorpions, copal, East Africa, Madagascar, Colombia, taxonomy. Zusammenfassung Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN, 1826, bisher als ein nomen dubium betrachte, wird anhand des Holotypus, einer Tritonymphe, neu beschrieben und der Gattung Withius KEW, 1911 (Withiidae) zugeordnet. Die Herkunft des Fos- sils ist unbekannt, aber sehr wahrscheinlich stammt es aus Ostafrika (Sansibar-Kopal). Die Gattung Eucarpus HA- GEN, 1870 ist ein nomen nudum, basierend auf einer Fehlinterpretation des Binomens Chelifer eucarpus. Die ersten Pseudoskorpione aus dem Madagaskar-Kopal werden beschrieben: ein Männchen und ein Weibchen der Gattung Tyrannochthonius CHAMBERLIN, 1929 (Chthoniidae) und die Exuvie einer Deuteronymhe einer unbestimmten Gat- tung aus der Unterfamilie Atemninae (Atemnidae). Ferner werden auch aus dem Kolumbianischen Kopal die ers- ten Pseudoskorpione beschrieben: ein Weibchen von Paratemnoides nidifi cator (BALZAN, 1888) (Atemnidae) und ein adultes Exemplar von Pachychernes aff. subrobustus (BALZAN, 1892) (Chernetidae) (der erste Nachweis der Gat- tung Pachychernes aus Kolumbien). Contents 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................33 2. Material and Methods ...........................................................................................................................................34 3. Redescription of Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN ........................................................................................................34 4. Pseudoscorpions from Madagascan copal ............................................................................................................37 5. Pseudoscorpions from Colombian copal ..............................................................................................................39 6. References .............................................................................................................................................................40 1. Introduction Stockholm, and kindly made it available for study. The specimen is in remarkably good condition and, although The pseudoscorpion Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN, 1826 immature, it clearly belongs to the family Withiidae. It is was described by DALMAN (1826) from ‘copal’ of unknown redescribed here and provisionally assigned to the genus provenance. Although mentioned in LATREILLE (1837), Withius KEW, 1911. DALMAN’s species was largely overlooked (e. g. BEIER 1932; Although commercial dealers have offered pseudo- KEILBACH 1982) until HARVEY (1991) listed it in his cata- scorpions in Madagascan and Colombian copal for sale logue as a nomen dubium. HAGEN (1870) mistakenly inter- on the internet in recent years, there have been no pub- preted Eucarpus as a generic name, which he attributed to lished accounts of such inclusions. Three pseudoscorpi- “DALMANN, 1825” [i. e. DALMAN, 1826], and the same in- ons in Madagascan copal and two in Colombian copal, formation was repeated in SCUDDER’s (1891) catalogue. Be- which were received for study from J. WUNDERLICH (Hir- cause no species was included, Eucarpus HAGEN, 1870 is schberg, Germany), are recorded here. These copals are a generic nomen nudum. Recently, T. KRONESTEDT brought the subfossil resins of leguminous trees of the genus Hy- to my attention the presence of the holotype of C. eu- menaea (LANGENHEIM 1995, 2003; WUNDERLICH 2004a) and carpus in the collections of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, probably range in age from a few decades to a few thou- 34 PALAEODIVERSITY 3, 2010 sand years. Arthropod inclusions are often abundant in 3. Redescription of Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN both these copals, but the arachnids are only beginning to receive attention (e. g. LOURENÇO 1996, 2000; BOSSELAERS Superfamily Cheliferoidea RISSO, 1826 2004; WUNDERLICH 2004a, 2004b; PENNEY et al. 2005; Family Withiidae CHAMBERLIN, 1931 B OSSELAERS et al. 2010). Genus Withius KEW, 1911 Acknowledgements Withius eucarpus (DALMAN, 1826) n. comb. I am very grateful to T. KRONESTEDT (Naturhistoriska Riks- Figs. 1–3 museet, Stockholm) for the loan of the holotype of Chelifer eu- carpus and for providing a copy of DALMAN’s (1826) paper. The 1826 Chelifer eucarpus. – DALMAN, pp. 408–410, pl. 5, fi g. 25. pseudoscorpions in Madagascan and Colombian copal were 1828 Chelifer eucarpus. – DEJEAN, p. 290. kindly made available for study by J. WUNDERLICH (Hirschberg, 1837 Chelifer eucarpus. – DUFOUR et al. in LATREILLE, p. 316. Germany). A. NEL (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Par- 1878 Chelifer eucarpus. – LUCAS, p. L. is) provided help with literature and information on DALMAN’s 1991 Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN, nomen dubium. – HARVEY, p. 669. Ripidius species. M. S. ENGEL (Natural History Museum, Uni- 1993 Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN 1826. – SPAHR, p. 20. versity of Kansas) provided information on bees in copal from 2008 Chelifer eucarpus DALMAN, 1826. – DUNLOP & JEKEL, p. 91. the HOPE collection. The ant preserved with the holotype of C. eucarpus was identifi ed by J. CASEVITZ-WEULERSSE (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris). Helpful comments on the manuscript were made by M. S. HARVEY (Western Australian Museum, Perth) and an anonymous referee. 2. Material and Methods The surfaces of the copal piece containing the holo- type of Chelifer eucarpus (originally prepared as a cuboid) showed superfi cial crazing when received. The face above the pseudoscorpion was ground and polished to improve the visibility. Because of the position of the pseudoscorpi- on and other inclusions in the piece, the other faces were not repolished. The Madagascan copal pieces were very fragile (surface friable), hence no preparation of these was attempted. Specimens were examined with a Leitz Dialux 20 or Leitz Laborlux S microscope, each equipped with a drawing tube and an ocular micrometer. Photographs were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 995 camera mounted on a Wild M5A stereomicroscope; Figs. 7 and 8 were produced by Fig. 1. Withius eucarpus (DALMAN), holotype tritonymph, sub- stacking images in different focal planes, using the Com- dorsal view; most likely of East African origin (Zanzibar copal). bineZP freeware package. Terminology follows CHAMBER- LIN (1931) and JUDSON (2007a). Measurements were taken following CHAMBERLIN’s (1931) reference points, with the lengths of obliquely orientated parts being calculated by trigonometry (values in z-axis determined from calibrat- ed fi ne focus of microscope). The symbols “+” and “–” in measurements of the chela respectively indicate inclusion and exclusion of the pedicel (JUDSON 2007b). The holotype of Chelifer eucarpus is deposited in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm. The Madagas- can copal material is currently in the collection of JÖRG WUNDERLICH (Hirschberg, Germany). Abbreviations eb, esb, est, et, ib, isb, ist, it, b, sb, st and t standard designa- tions of trichobothria; F femur; P patella; pc coupled proximal sensilla (p1 + p2); TR trochanter; TS tactile seta. Fig. 2. Labelled wrapper containing holotype of Withius eucar- pus (DALMAN). JUDSON, COPAL PSEUDOSCORPIONS 35 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d : Holotype tritonymph (Fig. 1), (2.4 mm). The paper wrapper in which the specimen was con- preserved in a small (11 × 6.5 × 3 mm), yellow piece of copal, pre- served looks contemporary and there are no other copal pseu- pared in the form of a cuboid, originally labelled simply “Che- doscorpions in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet that could corre- lifer!” (Fig. 2). Although not accompanied by any other data, spond to DALMAN’s type (T. KRONESTEDT, in litt.). there is no doubt that this is the holotype of Chelifer eucarpus S y n i n c l u s i o n s : The piece also contains a worker ant DALMAN. The specimen agrees well with the original descrip- of the genus Aphaenogaster MAYR, 1853 (Formicidae, Myrmici- tion and fi gure (particularly concerning the proportions of the nae) and the incomplete remains of a small, unidentifi ed spider. palp), and the scale line (about 2.2 mm), representing the length of the specimen in DALMAN’s fi gure, roughly corresponds to the R e d e s c r i p t i o n . – Carapace with straight (not sin- distance between the tip of right palp to the end of opisthosoma uous) sides; only anterior furrow distinct, about 0.59 length Fig. 3. Withius eucarpus (DALMAN), holotype tritonymph; most likely of East
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