GREGORY N. SMITH

THE CANONICAL VISITATION OF PARISHES History, Law, and Contemporary Concems

EDITRICE PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITÅ GREGORIANA Roma 2008 GENERAL INDEX

iNTRODUCnON 5 1. The Topic 5 2. General Outline 7 3. Scope and Limitations 8

CHAPTER I: History 11 1. Introduction 11 2. Foundations in Scripture 12 2.1 Old Testament 13 2.2 New Testament 15 2.2.1 Episkopos'. Overseer or «»? 19 3. Visitation in the Church Fathers 21 4. Historical Developments 29 4.1 From 500 to 1000 29 4.1.1 Regino of Prum 33 4.2 From 1000 to the 35 4.2.1 Gratian's Decretum 36 4.2.2 The Problem of Procurations and Hospitality 37 4.2.3 Visitation by Archdeacons andDeans 39 4.2.4 Robert Grosseteste 42 4.2.5 Jean Gerson: Theologian of the Visitation 47 4.2.6 Universal Legislation 55 4.2.7 Gian Matteo Giberti 57 5. The Council of Trent 58 6. From Trent to the 1917 Code of Law 62 6.1 St. Charles Borromeo 63 6.2 Bartholomew of the Martyrs 65 6.3 St. Alphonsus de Liguori 67 6.4 Visitation Manuals 71 358 CANONICAL VISITATION OF PARISHES

6.4.1 Gavantus: Praxis compendiaria visitationis episcopalis 74 6.4.2 Crispino: Trattato della Visita Pastorale 76 6.4.3 Melchers: De canonica dioecesium visitatione 79 6.5 Post-Tridentine Legislation 84 7. Conclusions 85

CHAPTER II: Law 87 1. Introduction 87 2. The 1917 Code of 88 2.1 Fontes 89 2.2 Canons on Visitation in the 1917 CIC 91 2.2.1 Canon 343, §1 91 2.2.2 Canon 343, §2 92 2.2.3 Canon 343, §3 93 2.2.4 Canon 344, §1 93 2.2.5 Canon 344, §2 94 2.2.6 Canon 345 94 2.2.7 Canon 346 100 2.2.8 Canon 1509,7° 101 2.3 Commentaries 101 3. The Renewal of the Visitation 122 3.1 The 124 3.1.1 The Council and the Visitation 124 3.1.2 Conciliar Teaching Relevant to the Visitation 127 a) The Church as Communion 129 b) The People of God 134 c) The Three-fold Munera 135 d) Hierarchical Authority as Service 138 e) Ecumenism 139 f) Centrality of the Eucharist 140 g) The Church Visible and Invisible 142 3.2 The 1967 Visitation of the of Rome 143 3.3 The 1973 Directory on the Pastoral Ministry of 146 4. The 148 4.1 Canons on Visitation 148 4.1.1 Canon 396, §1 149 4.1.2 Canon 396, §2 154 4.1.3 Canon 397, §1 157 4.1.4 Canon 397, §2 158 4.1.5 Canon 398 162 4.1.6 Canon 436, §1,2° 166 GENERAL INDEX 359

4.1.7 Canon 199,7° 166 4.2 Other Canons Directly Relevant to the Visitation 168 4.2.1 Book Two: The People of God 171 a) Fundamental Rights and Duties 171 b) Fostering Vocations 172 c) The Life of Priests and Other Clerics 173 d) Concern for All 176 e) Concern for the Clergy 177 f) The Ministry of Pastors and Parochial Vicars 177 g) Registers, Seals, and Archives 181 4.2.2 Book Three: The Teaching Office of the Church 182 a) Preaching 182 b) Catechesis 182 c) Ecumenism 183 d) Publications 184 4.2.3 Book Four: The Sanctifying Office of the Church 184 a) Sacraments in general 187 b) Baptism 188 c) Confirmation 188 d) Celebration of the Eucharist 189 e) Penance and the Anointingof theSick 191 f) Holy Orders and Marriage 193 g) The Liturgy of the Hours 194 h) Sacred Places and Churches 194 4.2.4 Book Five: Temporal Goods 195 a) Administration of Goods 195 b) Mass offerings 197 4.3 Canons Indirectly Relevant to the Visitation 197 4.3.1 Associations of the Faithful 197 4.3.2 The Visit AdLimina and the Quinquennial Report 200 4.3.3 The Vacant See 200 4.3.4 The Diocesan Synod 202 4.3.5 The Diocesan 202 4.3.6 Vicars Forane 203 4.3.7 Consecrated Men and Women 204 5. Developments After 1983 206 5.1 Caeremoniale Episcoporum 207 5.2 Synod of Bishops 2001 308 5.3 Pastores gregis 209 5.4 The 2004 Directory for the Pastoral Ministry of Bishops 210 5.5 The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 213 6. Conclusions 214 360 CANONICAL VISITATION OF PARISHES

CHAPTERIII: Contemporary Concerns 217 1. Introduction 217 2. The Survey of Canadian Bishops 218 2.1 Methodology 218 2.2 Research Design 221 2.2.1 Purposes of the research 221 2.2.2 Units of analysis 222 2.2.3 Topics for research 222 2.2.4 Motivations for research 222 2.2.5 Sample and Population 224 2.3 Questionnaire Design 224 2.3.1 Development of Survey Questions 225 2.3.2 Profile of respondents 227 2.3.3 The Survey Questions 228 a) Key issue: are visitations conducted? 228 b) Traditional objectives 229 c) Additional objectives and activities 230 d) Delegates, co-visitators, and companions 231 e) Length and frequency 231 f) Preparation for the visitation 232 g) Reports and communication 232 h) The bishop's assessment of the visitation 233 i) Questions common to all respondents 233 2.4 Conducting the Survey 234 2.4.1 ReliabilityofData 235 2.4.2 Limitations 236 2.4.3 Survey Response 238 2.4.4 Data Entry 240 2.4.5 Confidentiality 240 2.5 Survey Results 241 2.5.1 Key Findings 242 2.5.2 What is done during visitations? 247 2.5.3 Length and frequency of the visitation 250 2.5.4 Who does the visiting? 251 2.5.5 How is the visitation prepared? 251 2.5.6 What happens after the visitation? 252 2.5.7 Bishops' level of satisfaction with the visitation 254 2.5.8 Why do bishops conduct visitations? 255 2.5.9 Other sources of information 256 2.5.10 Difficulties and obstacles 257 3. Comments by Canadian Bishops 258 GENERAL INDEX 361

3.1 «Pastoral» vs. «Canonical» 259 3.2 Preference for Alternatives 259 3.3 Valued Aspects of the Visitation 260 3.4 Difficult Aspects of the Visitation 262 4. Canadian Guidelines and Records 263 4.1 Records of an Auxiliary's Visitation 264 4.2 Diocesan Guidelines 266 4.2.1 Archdiocese of Montreal 266 4.2.2 Diocese of Timmins 267 4.2.3 Archdiocese of Gatineau-Hull 270 4.2.4 Diocese of Valleyfield 272 5. Observations 273 5.1 Primacy of the Pastoral 274 5.2 The Silence of the Shepherds 275 5.2.1 Pastors not managers 275 5.2.2 Accountability: The Elephant in the Room? 279 5.3 Unanswered Questions 280

CONCLUSION 283 1. Summary of Findings 283 2. Other Areas for Further Study and Investigation 285 3. An Instruction on Visitation? 287 4. The Key Assertion: Pastoral and Canonical 288

APPENDIX I: Selected Survey Tables 291 APPENDIX II: Survey (English) 305 APPENDIX III: Survey (French) 309 APPENDIX IV: Archbishop 's Letter to Questionnaire Recipients 313 ABBREVIATIONS 315 BlBLIOGRAPHY 323

INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED 353

GENERAL INDEX 359