Onomastics and Translation: the Case of Bette-English Translation of Death-Related Names

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Onomastics and Translation: the Case of Bette-English Translation of Death-Related Names Sociolinguistic ISSN: 1750-8649 (print) Studies ISSN: 1750-8657 (online) Article Onomastics and translation: The case of Bette-English translation of death-related names Samson Nzuanke and Zana Akpagu Abstract ‘Líwhù’ (meaning ‘death’) as a morpheme in some Bette (Obudu) names has cultural, religious and social relevance. Generally used as variations of allusions to death, it encapsulates the Bette person’s very essence as a being deeply rooted in the existence of spirits and other supernatural forces. This belief is part of a Bette person’s daily life. This article seeks to translate Bette (Obudu) death-related or ‘Líwhù’ names into English with a view to providing acceptable alternative labels in English. Data were collected at random from a sampled population of 40 Obudu indigenes whose names bear a ‘Líwhù’ affix. Of these, nine recurrent ‘Líwhù’ names were retained and organized in five categories, depending on the cultural, religious or social roles they play in the life or lives of the bearer(s). In this study, we translated, analysed and explained the data from three main perspectives, that is, the linguistic, interpretative and semiotic approaches. The paper intends to add to the earlier voices of Asadu and Nzuanke (2014), which stated that most African proper names are translatable because, as symbols or signs, they have meanings that are founded on their particular psycho-spiritual functions in such societies. KEYWORDS: ANTHROPONYMS, FUNCTIONS, SEMIOTICS, SENSE, PSYCHO- SPIRITUALITY, BETTE (OBUDU)-ENGLISH TRANSLATION Affiliation University of Calabar, Nigeria email: sfnzuanke@unical.edu.ng; sfnzuanke@yahoo.com email: zakpagu@unical.edu.ng SOLS VOL 13.2-4 2019 273–294 https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.37821 © 2020, EQUINOX PUBLISHING 274 SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDIES 1 Introduction What are names? Or, like Bright (2003) asks, ‘what is a name?’ While the answer to this question may be as simple as ‘it is a word or group of words used in identi- fying someone or something’, many proper names, especially in the Western world, are considered as belonging to a functional rather than a lexical category (Colman, 2014:80). This is because a personal name, for instance, only gets ‘content’ by the addition of lexical secondary categories, with such secondary features as ‘feminine’ or ‘masculine’ to distinguish a name of one gender from another; or the secondary ‘locative’ feature to distinguish a place name from other names (Colman, 2014:80). Evidently, Colman’s (2014:80) view about names tends to support Bright’s (2003:671) perception that names only represent a social convention for brief reference to a specific entity like ‘Brianna’, which may refer to a daughter ‘who is legally designated as Brianna Gabriel’. For her part, Himes (2016) holds that while a personal or first name goes beyond reflecting the wishes, hopes, aspirations and desires of parents, a surname reflects the tradition, heritage and lineage of the name-bearer or giver. This view tends to challenge the approach adopted by Bright (2003) and Colman (2014) in their definition of, and assignment of functions to Western names. At face value, Himes’s (2016) conclusions (which seem to draw essentially from her Lacanian approach) look like a revolution in onomastics, but a deeper enquiry into her approach shows that it negates the principles of uniformity and/or homogeneity that characterize naming in different African communities. These principles are generally founded on a shared history and ancestry. In other words, names in African contexts are culturally tied to a collective one-true self, which a people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common in terms of ‘historical experiences and shared cultural codes which provide us, as “one people”, with stable, unchanging and continuous frames of reference and meanings’ (Hall, 1990:223). Clearly, Himes’s (2016) position does not tie in with the above opinion, as indicated in her interview with Anderson (2018) where Himes highlighted the wishes, hopes, aspirations and desires of a parent in naming one of her patients: ‘My mother named me Marilyn because she wanted me to be as beautiful as Marilyn Monroe…’ Going by Himes’s (2016) approach, therefore, it would be difficult to assume that the meaning ascribed to the name ‘Marilyn’ as given by the parent mentioned above (perhaps a British Londoner) to her child in one part of London could have the same meaning that another British parent (a Londoner) may ascribe to the name ‘Marilyn’ given to his/her own girl child in another part ONOMASTICS AND TRANSLATION 275 of London. Would it then be safe to assume, in this circumstance, that all British (London) parents share identical wishes, hopes, aspirations and desires when naming their respective children? Unfortunately, in trying to assign meanings to first names, Himes (2016:66) apparently creates more confusion by relying on Lacanian analysis to deduce heterogeneous meanings of perhaps the same names, which, in each of the Canadian aboriginal cases used as examples, ‘would always come through a vision, a dream, or through the spirit of the person to be named…’. This means that no two persons within the same family or community with a shared history and ancestry would have identical names with universally acceptable meanings within that same family or community since the vision, dreams and spirit of every individual are particular to the individual. But in Africa, and especially in many North African and sub-Saharan African societies, which are still hugely steeped in local belief systems, a name will have a more profound cultural, social and/or political significance (Coates, 2005) because it is the product of a particular psycho-spiritual context and/or function within a family, a community or a society vis-à-vis the referent. Amongst Africans generally, names carry a message from the family to the rest of the community or society. They are never given in a void where they may express nothingness. So, it is also in Obudu, Cross River State, South-east Nigeria, where the Bette ethnic group is found (see Map below). The Bette are reported to have migrated from a supposedly easterly Bantu homeland around the 18th century (Ogar, 2003). Naming in Obudu or Bette cosmology is replete with notions of necrophobia like Àgwéyè (‘He/It didn’t kill him’) and Àgwūpúyè (‘He/It didn’t kill all’). This is mainly borne out of the Bette people’s perception of death or líwhù as an experience that has always left in them a sour taste of eerie, vengeful defeat and a painful sense of loss and self-resignation. This attitude is clearly expressed and reflected in the names some Obudu or Bette males are given. Obudu is one of the five local government areas that make up the Cross River North Senatorial Zone. Others are Bekwarra, Obanliku, Ogoja and Yala local government areas. Obudu is located at the foot of the Cameroon mountains (Ashipu, 2015), bordered by Bekwarra and Ogoja local government areas to the west, by Obanliku to the east, by Adikpo and Tsar (in Benue State) to the north and by Boki local government area to the south. As of the last population census in 2006, Obudu had 85,000 inhabitants (NBS, 2006). Though the Bette language is understood and spoken generally in Obudu and parts of Obanliku and Boki local government areas, the language is mainly spoken in the five Bette-speaking wards of Obudu, that is, Obudu Urban 1, Obudu 276 SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDIES Urban 2, Ipong, Begiading and Angiaba/Begiaka. The five non-Bette-speaking wards of Obudu are: Utugwang North, Utugwang Central, Utugwang South, Ukpe and Alege/Ubang. Map of the study area. Source: Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Bette is a Southern Bantoid language of the sub-Bendi family of Cross River Languages of the New Benue-Congo, and a member of the Niger-Congo Phylum (Ashipu, 2015; Ibli and Amechi, 2015). According to Emenanjo (1985, 1990 and 1999), Bette is a minority, underdeveloped language in terms of literary and linguistic scholarship. Nevertheless, the number of Bette speakers has continued to grow from a mere 36,800 speakers in Obudu and Obanliku in 1963, to 100,000 speakers (as at 2006), spanning across Obudu, and parts of Obanliku and Boki LGAs of Cross River State, Nigeria (Ethnologue, 2018). ONOMASTICS AND TRANSLATION 277 For this study, we gathered primary data from 40 respondents of Obudu origin who were observed and selected around Obudu and Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria, because of the líwhù affix in their names. We will translate these Bette líwhù or death-related names into the English language with a view to generating unique derivatives in English that could be used as acceptable labels to name or identify referents within the Obudu socio-cultural context of sub-Saharan Africa. This, it is hoped, will add to other voices intended to challenge the claim made by some Western scholars that proper names are not translatable because they are mere symbols or signs with no meaning beyond the concepts they represent. 2 Conceptual review Though much of the literature on onomastics, like the works of Dolnik (1995, 1998), Zouhar (2004), Gaher (2006), Blanár (2009) and Colman (2014), looks at proper names as mere denotative symbols or mental abstractions with no ascribable meanings except the mental picture(s) of the referent(s) for purposes of identification and categorization of the person(s), place(s) and/or other object(s), the works of Pavlonic (1987), Wamitila (1999) and Croft (2009) seem to go beyond this apparently limited perception by adding that proper names may also, directly or indirectly, connect the person or persons so named to a specific locality, community, family or nationality.
Recommended publications
  • Human Migratory Pattern: an Appraisal of Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 7, Ver. 16 (July. 2017) PP 79-91 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Human Migratory Pattern: An Appraisal of Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria. 1Iheoma Iwuanyanwu, 1Joy Atu (Ph.D.), 1Chukwudi Njoku, 1TonyeOjoko (Arc.), 1Prince-Charles Itu, 2Frank Erhabor 1Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria 2Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria Corresponding Author: IheomaIwuanyanwu ABSTRACT: This study assessed migration in Akpabuyo Local Government Area (LGA) of Cross River State, Nigeria. The source regions of migrants in the area were identified; the factors that influence their movements, as well as the remittances of migrants to their source regions were ascertained. A total of 384 copies of questionnaires were systematically administered with a frequency of 230 and 153 samples for migrants and non-migrants respectively. Amongst other findings from the analyses, it was established that Akpabuyo is home to migrants from other LGAs and States, especially BakassiLGA and EbonyiState. There were also migrants from other countries such as Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. The Pearson‟s correlation analysis depicted significant relationship (P = 0.012) between distance to Akpabuyo and the number of migrants that come into the area, implying that distance significantly influences migration to Akpabuyo. Furthermore, the Correspondence Analysis (CA) showed a weak association between the pull and push factors in the area, buttressed by the chi-square testwhich showed insignificant statistical similarity (p = 0.118). It was also established that migrants remitted 74% of their income to their source regions.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ecological Survey of Microorganisms Associated with Plantain Roots (Rhizosphere)
    American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 6 (4): 567-570, 2011 ISSN 1557-4989 © 2011 Science Publications An Ecological Survey of Microorganisms Associated with Plantain Roots (Rhizosphere) Bello O.S. and G.A. Utang Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria Abstract: Problem statement: Micro-organisms are more predominant around root zone and as such play a vital role to plant. Micro-organisms are diverse and have property modification which are beneficial to plant growth and root development. Approach: The lack of knowledge on the specific microorganisms associated with plantain roots in Cross River State soils (which inturn leads to an avoidable loss of crop if appropriate management methods were employed) led to the need for this study. Different ecological zones have different population of micro-organisms. The purpose of this study is to: to enumerate the rhizosphere microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) associated with plantain roots at different locations across the ecological zones of the state and to identify the rhizosphere microorganisms associated with plantain roots of different location representing the ecological zones of the state. Results: To ascertain this, it was necessary to isolate micro-organisms from the roots of plantain in order to determine the different populations of microorganisms in different ecological zones across Cross River State, Nigeria. The isolation of bacteria and fungi colonizing the root of plantain were determined at six locations across the state, as follows: Obanliku, Boki, Etung, Obubra Biase and Odukpani Local Government Area. The activity growing roots of plantain were removed with the attached suckers and transferred to the laboratory for microbial analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Biography of Obudu Cattle Ranch Obudu Cattle Ranch This Amazing Place Was Established in the Year 1951
    Biography of Obudu Cattle Ranch Obudu Cattle Ranch This amazing place was established in the year 1951. Its founders are Scottish ranchers M. McCaughley and Mr Hugh Jones together with Dr Crawfeild. When McCaughley was discovering the mountain ranges, he considered this territory a perfect spot for a ranch. And this is how the history of the Obudu Ranch started. Now, it is a well-known Nigeria resort and recreational place. The Obudu Mountain Resort is located in Cross River State. This place is surrounded by gorgeous mountains and green hills which will definitely captivate your eyes, mind and soul. Once you visit the resort, you will not want to leave it. It is a perfect place for reuniting with nature and find peace for your thoughts. You can take a bus to the Obudu Ranch. You can use the direct route from Calabar. It will take you right to the town of Obudu. This option is the fastest one, as other buses make a couple of stops during the way. The trip to Obudu from Calabar takes about five or six hours. You will then need an another extra hour to get to the ranch itself, and we assure you that this will be the best hour of your trip as the views from windows will amaze you. Right, we pay for accommodation. Obudu Cattle Ranch has reasonable prices for beautiful, comfortable and commodious suites. It offers several rooms which can be suitable for everyone. The prices vary from 62 US dollars to 209 US dollars per night. These are the options of rooms from the cheapest to the most expensive one: • Standard double chalet • Superior double • African Hut • Club Chalet • Superior double + deal of the season • Executive suite • Royal suite • Presidential lodge • Governor's place • Mountain Villa The cable car ride can be considered one of the most popular reasons to visit the Obudu Mountain Resort.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of Tourism on the Economic Development of Cross River State, Nigeria
    Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 5(1), pp. 14-20, 4 January, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JGRP DOI: 10.5897/JGRP11.122 ISSN 2070-1845 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The relevance of tourism on the economic development of Cross River State, Nigeria Ajake, Anim O. and Amalu, Titus E.* Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. Accepted 21 December, 2011 This study investigated the relevance of tourism on the economic growth of Cross River State, Nigeria. Special focus was on the difference in visitations over the years under investigation to the various tourists attractions within the state. Information for the study was basically from the questionnaire survey and participatory research method. The generated data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, simple percentages and graphic illustrations. The study demonstrated that there was a steady increase in the number of tourists visit to the various attraction sites in the area and that the greatest increase was observed in the number of tourists visiting for the purpose of cultural festivals. The result show that tourism influenced employment status, including enhancement of the people’s income in the state. Based on the aforementioned findings, it is recommended that all stakeholders in the tourism industry should be involved in the planning and execution of tourism projects and that tourism activities be organized all through the year to ensure more tourists visitation and avoid seasonality in the tourism industry. Key words: Tourism, influence, cultural enhancement, economic growth, cultural diversity. INTRODUCTION The substantial growth of the tourism activity clearly nearly 30%.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross River STATE-WIDE RAPID HEALTH FACILITY ASSESSMENT
    Report of the Cross River STATE-WIDE RAPID HEALTH FACILITY ASSESSMENT In Preparation for Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV March 2013 Report of the Cross River STATE-WIDE RAPID HEALTH FACILITY ASSESSMENT In Preparation for Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV May 2013 This publication may be freely reviewed, quoted, reproduced, or translated, in full or in part, provided the source is acknowledged. The mention of specific organizations does not imply endorsement and does not suggest that they are recommended by the Cross River State Ministry of Health over others of a similar nature not mentioned. Copyright © 2013 Cross River State Ministry of Health, Nigeria Citation: Cross River State Ministry of Health and FHI 360. 2013. Cross River State-wide Rapid Health Facility Assessment, Nigeria: Cross River State Ministry of Health and FHI 360. The Cross River State-wide Rapid Health Facility Assessment was supported in part by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). FHI 360 provided assistance to the Cross River State Government to conduct this assessment. Financial assistance was provided by USAID under the terms of the Cooperative Agreement AID-620-A-00002, of the Strengthening Integrated Delivery of HIV/ AIDS Services Project. This report does not necessarily reflect the views of FHI 360, USAID or the United States Government. Table of Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria - Accessibility to Emonc Facilities in the State of Cross River
    Nigeria - Accessibility to EmONC facilities in the State of Cross River Last Update: March 2016 Nigeria - Accessibility to EmONC facilities for the Cross River State Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 2. Measured indicators and assumptions .................................................................................... 5 3. Tool used for the different analyses: AccessMod 5.0 ............................................................. 7 4. Data and national norms used in the different analyses .......................................................... 8 4.1 Statistical Data ............................................................................................................... 9 4.1.1 LGA Number of pregnant women for 2010 and 2015 ........................................... 9 4.2 Geospatial Data ........................................................................................................... 12 4.2.1 Administrative boundaries and extent of the study area ...................................... 13 4.2.2 Geographic location of the EmONC facilities and associated information ......... 17 4.2.4 Transportation network ........................................................................................ 26 4.2.5 Hydrographic network ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cross River State
    CROSS RIVER STATE Geopolitical Profile: The name Cross River State was given in 1976 to the former South Eastern State which was created on May 27, 1967 from the former Eastern Region of Nigeria. The current Cross River State is what remains of it when Akwa Ibom State was carved out on 23rd of September, 1987. As presently constituted, Cross River State has 18 Local Government Areas namely; Abi, Akamkpa, Akpabuyo, Bakassi, Bekwarra, Biase, Boki, Calabar Municipality, Calabar South, Etung, Ikom, Obanliku, Obubra, Obudu, Odukpani, Ogoja, Yakurr, and Yala; with the city of Calabar as the State capital. The State has land area of 23,000 square kilometres and a population of 2,888,966 in 2006. With a growth rate of 2.9 per cent per annum, the estimated population for 2014 stands at 3,631,328, and a population density of 1,579 persons per square kilometre. Located within the tropical rainforest belt of Nigeria, Cross River State lies between longitudes 7⁰ 50’ and 9⁰ 28’ East and latitudes 4⁰ 28’and 6⁰ 55’ North. It shares a common boundary with The Republic of Cameroun in the East, Benue State in the North, Ebonyi and Abia States in the West, Akwa Ibom State in the South West and The Atlantic Ocean in the South. Its international boundaries make it a security hotspot and an axis of international trade. Cross River State, like other States in the country, returned to democratic governance in 1999 after the interventions of the military. It has since been governed by the People’s Democratic Party (PDP).
    [Show full text]
  • NIGERIA: Registration of Cameroonian Refugees September 2019
    NIGERIA: Registration of Cameroonian Refugees September 2019 TARABA KOGI BENUE TAKUM 1,626 KURMI NIGERIA 570 USSA 201 3,180 6,598 SARDAUNA KWANDE BEKWARA YALA DONGA-MANTUNG MENCHUM OBUDU OBANLIKU ENUGU 2,867 OGOJA AKWAYA 17,301 EBONYI BOKI IKOM 1,178 MAJORITY OF THE ANAMBRA REFUGEES ORIGINATED OBUBRA FROM AKWAYA 44,247 ABI Refugee Settlements TOTAL REGISTERED YAKURR 1,295ETUNG MANYU REFUGEES FROM IMO CAMEROON CROSS RIVER ABIA BIOMETRICALLY BIASE VERIFIED 35,636 3,533 AKAMKPA CAMEROON Refugee Settlements ODUKPANI 48 Registration Site CALABAR 1,058MUNICIPAL UNHCR Field Office AKWA IBOM CALABAR NDIAN SOUTH BAKASSI667 UNHCR Sub Office 131 58 AKPABUYO RIVERS Affected Locations 230 Scale 1:2,500,000 010 20 40 60 80 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official Kilometers endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Data Source: UNHCR Creation Date: 2nd October 2019 DISCLAIMER: The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. A technical team has been conducting a thorough review of the information gathered so as to filter out any data discrepancies. BIOMETRICALLY VERIFIED REFUGEES REGISTRATION TREND PER MONTH 80.5% (35,636 individuals) of the total refugees 6272 counteded at household level has been 5023 registered/verified through biometric capture of iris, 4025 3397 fingerprints and photo. Refugee information were 2909 2683 2371 also validated through amendment of their existing 80.5% information, litigation and support of national 1627 1420 1513 1583 586 VERIFIED documentations. Provision of Refugee ID cards will 107 ensure that credible information will effectively and efficiently provide protection to refugees.
    [Show full text]
  • Cameroonian Refugee Situation, Nigeria 1 6 - 31 October 2018
    EMERGENCY UPDATE Cameroonian refugee situation, Nigeria 1 6 - 31 October 2018 135 permanent shelters for 1,636 Cameroonian refugees 90 refugees from Adagom and refugees have been completed and 252 members of the host Anyake settlements completed in Adagom settlement (Cross community received free vocational training on River state). health care services in Anyake vegetable farming and small settlement (Benue state). plots of land were allocated to set up a small vegetable production. K EY INDICATORS 29,078 Cameroonian refugees registered with Level 1 and Level 2 registration [As of 30th October 2018] 2,999 Cameroonian refugees registered in Anyake settlement, Benue State [as of 31st October 2018] 4,997 Cameroonian refugees registered in Adagom settlement, st Eva Caroline (right), and her family arrived at the end of October Cross River State [as of 31 October 2018] 2018 in Amana, Obanliku LGA, Cross River state. They initially fled to another village within Cameroon but the conflict reached them there so they crossed into Nigeria. © UNHCR/C. Cavalcanti Operational Context ■ Cameroonian refugees continued to arrive in Nigeria albeit in limited numbers through unofficial entry points mainly on foot, motorcycles and canoes as official borders remained closed. Some 340 new arrivals were verified by UNHCR in the border localities of Obanliku, Ikom, Etung and Boki Local Government Areas (Cross River state) during the reporting period. Most new arrivals reported an increase in the attacks to villages to drive out combatants, including in villages not reached by the conflict before, where many Cameroonians had moved in search of safety and they are now pushed to cross into Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Careseeking for Childhood Diarrhoea at the Primary Level of Care in Communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
    Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health (2016) xxx, xxx– xxx HOSTED BY http:// www.elsevier.com/locate/jegh Careseeking for childhood diarrhoea at the primary level of care in communities in Cross River State, Nigeria Oluranti Ekpo University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom Received 29 September 2015; received in revised form 3 June 2016; accepted 9 August 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract Risk factors for care-seeking choices for childhood diarrhea in Nigeria are Care seeking; poorly understood. They are essential to the control of childhood illnesses because Child health; diarrhea is an important cause of childhood mortality. This study explored the con- Childhood diarrhea; tributors to care-seeking choices in Cross River State, Nigeria. Caregivers of children Nigeria; Preschool children aged 0–59 months in 1240 randomly selected households in Cross River State were involved in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were used to collect informa- tion on demographics, knowledge of illness, and care-seeking patterns, and observed associations were explored using logistic regression. Care was given at home (50.4%, n = 142; as recommended), at the health center (27%, n = 76), and at the local drug store (19.1%, n = 54). Main reasons for care sought were health edu- cation (31.9%, n = 94), treatment cost (18%, n = 53), and experiences (16.6%, n = 49). Caregivers living in the mainly urban area of Calabar Municipality [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.81 (1.26–6.26)] and the mainly rural area of Obanliku [AOR = 3.59 (1.94–6.64)], were more likely to give home treatment. Choice of treatment was only associated with area of residence.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Resort Brochure
    Index Overview & Location 3 Royal Suite 9 Conference Facility 4 Presidential Suite 9 Our Restaurant & Bar 5 Governor’s Lodge 10 Accommodation 6 Mountain Villa 10 Standard Double 7 Facilities 11 Superior Double 7 Local Tours & Activities 12 African Huts 8 Route Directory to OMR 13 Club Chalet 8 Contact Us 18 Executive Suite 9 Obudu Mountain Resort is close to the Cameroon border in the north eastern part of Cross River State in Nigeria, approximately 110km east of the town of Ogoja and 65km from the town of Obudu. It falls within the Obanliku Local Government Area. Situated on a relatively flat plateau on the Oshie Ridge of the Sankwala Mountains, Obudu Mountain Resort is approximately 134 square kilometers in extent. It is at an elevation of around 5 200 feet (1 576 meters) above sea level, and enjoys a cool temperate climate and a landscape of rolling grassland and Montana forests. It is an area of idyllic tranquility, beautiful scenery and breathtaking views. • Margaret Ekpo International Airport, Calabar, 45 minute flight or five hour drive away. • Bebi Airstrip 45 minutes’ drive to the Resort. CONFERENCE FACILITIES Venues and maximum numbers Theatre Style . Main Convention Hall 250 Pa . Executive Boardroom 30 Pax . Syndicate Hall (2 Breakaway units) 30 Pax each A total of 116 Units, 159 Bedrooms • 43 Standard Double chalets • 11 Superior Double Chalets • 20 African Huts • 11 Club chalets • 8 Executive suites • 1 Royal suite • 1 Presidential Suite • 1 Governor’s Lodge • 20 Mountain Villas Standard rooms have: One double or two twin
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Cross Rivers State, Nigeria
    Business and Economic Research ISSN 2162-4860 2020, Vol. 10, No. 2 The Role of Non-State Actors in Strengthening the Developmental Capacity of the State: A Case Study of Cross Rivers State, Nigeria Felix Chukwudi Oparah Department Of Economics, University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Enya Ndem Bassey (Phd) Department Of Economics, University Of Calabar, Pmb 1115, Calabar, Nigeria Ohatu Ekoh Ohatu Department Of Economics, University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Email: Ndembassey1@Gmail.Com Received: February 13, 2020 Accepted: March 3, 2020 Published: April 23, 2020 doi:10.5296/ber.v10i2.16447 URL: https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i2.16447 Abstract This study examined the role of Non State Actors (NSAs) in strengthening the developmental capacity of the state, using a case study of Cross River State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data on selected constituents of NSAs including Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Privately Owned Companies, Banks, Private Hospitals and Private Schools were analyzed using tables and charts. The results revealed that activities of NSAs significantly enhance the developmental capacity of Cross River State especially in the areas of provision of public services, knowledge and skill acquisition, infrastructural development and employment generation. Besides other recommendations, it was recommended that NSAs and the government should perform complementary roles in enhancing developmental capacity and that the establishment of more NSAs in the rural areas should be encouraged through the provision of special funding and other incentives for NSAs that have their offices in the rural areas. Keywords: Non State Actors, Developmental capacity, NGOs, Cross River State 153 http://ber.macrothink.org Business and Economic Research ISSN 2162-4860 2020, Vol.
    [Show full text]