DOCSLIB.ORG

Real-Time Identification and Monitoring of the Voltage Stability

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Real-Time Identification and Monitoring of the Voltage Stability Yves Narcisse Nguegan Tchokonte Real‐time identification and monitoring of the voltage stability margin in electric power transmission systems using synchronized phasor measurements kassel university press This work has been accepted by the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Kassel as a thesis for acquiring the academic degree of Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr. –Ing.). Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Albert Claudi Co‐Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Bernd Weidemann Defence Day 29. Juni 2009 Bibliographic information published by Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d‐nb.de. Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss. 2009 ISBN print: 978‐3‐89958‐756‐2 ISBN online: 978‐3‐89958‐757‐9 URN: urn:nbn:de:0002‐7573 © 2008, kassel university press GmbH, Kassel www.upress.uni‐kassel.de Printed in Germany Acknowledgements This work has been carried out during my employment as a research assistant at the chair for Power Systems and High Voltage Engineering of the University of Kassel in Germany. At this point I would like to express my sincere gratitude to a number of people for the support and the assistance during the realization of this thesis. Firstly thanks to the almighty and merciful God for the blessings that have been extend to me all my life and during the time at the University of Kassel. I would like to express my deep thanks and profound regard to the head of the chair: Prof. Dr. Albert Claudi who hired me, became my supervisor and thus gave me the possibility to write this thesis. Thank him I had the opportunity to get better acquainted to the academic world. He majorly contributed to this thesis by giving me the possibility of sole responsible research, by providing me excellent working conditions, and by his priceless advices and encouraging discussions. I am very thankful to my co‐supervisor Prof. Dr. Bernd Weidemann for his constructive comments during the very few discussions we had. I acknowledge Mr. Holger Kühn from E.ON Netz in Germany, as it was through discussion with him that the main idea of this dissertation was born. Also thank you for the constructive discussions and ideas. I would like to thank my colleagues at the University of Kassel: Günther Köhler, Dr. Gernot Finis, Mrs. Ursula Henrich, Oliver Schröder, and Oliver Belz for being there when I needed them, for the very good teamwork and for contributing to a pleasant work atmosphere. Special thanks to Oliver Belz, who occupied the neighbour office. He has been listening to all my complaints and thoughts on the matters of this thesis, and has contributed in the span of his possibility with constructive comments although being busy with his own thesis. He has also been my main partner for discussions beyond the scope of the thesis. I would also like to thank particularly all the students who have worked with me during my time at the University of Kassel. Their ideas have inspired me and their preliminary works were an important condition to complete this work. I would like to name at this point: Christoph Reinbold, Sven Behnke, Timm Eberwein, Aboubakar Ismaila, Thorsten Reimann, Jian Jun Wang, Mohammad Dawood, Andrea Schmitt, Mathias Eisenberg, and Franck Martin. The thesis would have not been possible to realize in this form without the support of the Danish TSO Energinet DK. For the generously share of data, thoughts and ideas as well as field experience at our meetings I would like to thank: Dr. Per Lund, Carsten Strunge, Dr. Torsten Lund, Hans Abildgaard and particularly Samuel Thomasson. They all pointed out the study direction and I am very thankful to all of them. At some occasions I had the luck to experience very inspiring discussions with Prof. Dr. Thierry Van Cutsem (University of Liège, Belgium), Prof. Dr. Michael Fette (University of applied sciences, Bielefeld, Germany), Dr. Walter Sattinger (SwissGrid, TSO Switzerland) and with Prof. Dr. István Erlich (University of Duisburg, Germany). I would like to thank them for their patience and for finding time for meetings. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my parents, brothers and sisters and to Patrick Pouedogo for their love, support and encouragement throughout all these years. And definitely I must thank above all my wife Natalia and my both children Eva and Olga for their support, their limitless love and to have arranged themselves so well at home during the time dad was physically seldom present and spiritually often absent. Kassel, 09.04.2009 Yves Nguegan Abstract The changes which appeared during the last decades in the electricity markets led to an increased utilization and a higher loading of the electric transmission grids worldwide. The power transmission systems are nowadays operated on the brink of their technical limits and thus became more vulnerable to instabilities and cascading failures than before. The increase number of yearly power systems outages worldwide shows that the need of better monitoring concepts and tools fitted to the actual and future situation of power systems became urgent. Such systems will support the transmission system operators by the online assessment of the system state and permit the transition from a reacting system operation to a foresighted system operation. In this context, the use of synchronized phasor measurements is becoming an important tendency for the surveillance of the power systems. They are provided by phasors measurements units (PMUs) considered to be one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power systems. Defining the appropriate PMU system application is a utility problem that still must be studied and optimised. To make sense of the PMUs data, the system operators need tools that will help them infer the meaning of the data and to discern their interrelationships. In this thesis, the PMUs are turned to useful sources of real‐time data. They provided the required information needed by the grid operator on the actual system state and are combined with relevant data of the given system with the aim to early detect impending voltage instability. Furthermore the data are used to define the minimal voltage stability margin i.e. how far a given system operating state is from a state where voltage instability will occur. Thereby, a statement on the actual system operating state is made on the base of the actual active load transfer on each individual transmission line of the grid section considered. 5 The illustration of the power transfer situation on the lines is made on the base of a new developed mathematical function, in an active power‐voltage plane using the so‐called PU‐characteristics. A progressive calculation of the transfer function during the system operation leads to PU‐curves for each new operating point. The assessment of the voltage stability state is carried out by the coeval consideration of predefined criteria, from an optimized stability index determined, for the power transfer stability, and for the stability of the voltage profile at the line receiving end. The method developed in this work can be used for the monitoring of individual power lines of the power system as well as for the monitoring of transmission zones retaining several transmission lines, whereby it uses the advantage of the synchronization of the measurements from a minimal number of PMUs. The principles of the method build the foundations of the development of a tool for the analysis and the visualization on the voltage stability situation in power transmission systems using simulated or field PMU data sets. The exactness, the robustness and the applicability of the method is verified on a two‐bus test‐system as well as on the western Danish power system, wherefore a digital model was provided by the Danish transmission system operator Energinet DK. The optimal positioning of a minimal number of PMUs for the monitoring of the determined transmission zones within the section of the western Danish transmission grid considered, according to the principles of the developed method, is realized by means of an elaborated strategy for PMUs placement. The monitoring method proposed in this thesis described an innovative and efficient alternative for the online surveillance of the voltage stability in power transmission systems using PMUs data. The work realized shows on the example of an existing power system structure how measurements from distributed PMUs can be combined with relevant transmission lines parameters, and be handled to detect forthcoming voltage stability problems in power systems at early stage. 6 Kurzfassung Titel der Arbeit: „Online Identifikation und Überwachung der Spannungsstabilitätsreserve in elektrischen Übertragungsnetzen unter Verwendung zeitsynchronisierter Zeigermessungen“ Die aktuellen Veränderungen im Bereich der Elektrizitätswirtschaft führen weltweit zu einer erhöhten Ausnutzung sowie zu einer stärkeren Auslastung der Übertragungsnetze. Durch einen Betrieb dieser Netze nahe an ihren technischen Grenzen steigt damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens von Stabilitätsproblemen. Die weltweit zunehmende Anzahl an Netzausfällen zeigt, dass der Betrieb elektrischer Übertragungssysteme am Rand ihrer technischen Grenzen immer schwieriger zu realisieren ist. Daher nimmt die Notwendigkeit moderner Überwachungskonzepte, methoden sowie‐tools, angepasst bzw. anpassbar an die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Betriebsbedingungen, immer weiter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe
    atmosphere Review Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe Biljana Basarin 1,*, Tin Luki´c 1,2 and Andreas Matzarakis 3,4 1 Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi´ca3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 2 Department of Geospatial Bases of Environment, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3 Research Centre Human Biometeorology, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Stefan-Meier-Str. 4, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; [email protected] 4 Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr. 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +381-63594236 Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: Numerous extreme heatwaves producing large impacts on human health, agriculture, water resources, energy demand, regional economies, and forest ecosystems occurred during the first twenty years of the 21st century. The present study strives to provide a systematic review of recent studies of warm biometeorological extremes in Europe. The main aim of this paper is to provide a methodical summary of the observed changes in warm extremes, duration, and variability in different parts of Europe. During the last decade, much attention has been paid to the negative impacts of heat and humidity on human health. Therefore, the human biometeorology is required to appraise the human thermal environment in a way that human thermoregulation is taken into account. In many European countries and regions, future heat exposure will indeed exceed critical levels, and a steep increase in biometeorological heatwaves and warm extremes are expected.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration and Connection of Vulnerabilities
    ENSURE Project (Contract n° 212045) Del. 2.1.2 ENSURE PROJECT Contract n° 212045 WP 2: Integration and Connection of Vulnerabilities Del. 2.1.2: Relation between systemic and physical vulnerability and relation between systemic, social, economic, institutional and territorial vulnerability Reference code: ENSURE – Del. 2.1.2 The project is financed by the European Commission by the Seventh Framework Programme Area “Environment” Activity 6.1 “Climate Change, Pollution and Risks” 1 ENSURE Project (Contract n° 212045) Del. 2.1.2 Project Acronym: ENSURE Project Title: Enhancing resilience of communities and territories facing natural and na- tech hazards Contract Number: 212045 Title of report: Del. 2.1.2: Relation between systemic and physical vulnerability and relation between systemic, social, economic, institutional and territorial vulnerability Reference code: ENSURE – Del. 2.1.2 Short Description: This Deliverable deals with the interaction between different types of vulnerability by following a systemic approach. It also investigates how systemic vulnerability receives influences from other domains of vulnerability. Relationships between different types of vulnerability and linkages among systems are revealed, using a theoretically informed case study approach. Authors and co-authors: HUA (K. Sapountzaki, L. Wassenhoven, Y. Melissourgos), POLIMI (S. Menoni, S. Kundak), BRGM (N. Desramaut, H. Modaressi), MDX (D. Parker, S. Tapsell), PIK (J. Kropp, L. Costa), TAU (G. Kidron), UNINA (A. Galderisi, A. Profice). Partners owning: HUA, POLIMI, BRGM, MDΧ, PIK, TAU, UNINA. Contributions: HUA, POLIMI, BRGM, MDΧ, PIK, TAU, UNINA. Made available to: All project partners, European Commission Versioning Version Date Name, organization 0.1 22/09/2009 HUA – POLIMI 0.2 22/10/2009 HUA – POLIMI 0.3 18/01/2010 HUA – POLIMI Quality check INTERNAL REVIEWERS: 2 ENSURE Project (Contract n° 212045) Del.
    [Show full text]
  • Konstytucyjne Podstawy Stanów Nadzwyczajnych W Państwach Bałkańskich I W Turcji
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repozytorium Instytucjonalne Krakowskiej Akademii Tadeusz Zbigniew Leszczyński onstytucyjne podstawy Kstanów nadzwyczajnych w państwach bałkańskich i w Turcji córce Annie Tadeusz Zbigniew Leszczyński onstytucyjne podstawy Kstanów nadzwyczajnych w państwach bałkańskich i w Turcji Kraków 2011 Rada Wydawnicza Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego: Klemens Budzowski, Maria Kapiszewska, Zbigniew Maciąg, Jacek M. Majchrowski Recenzje: prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Mołdawa prof. nadzw. dr hab. Mirosław Kwieciński Projekt okładki: Oleg Aleksejczuk Adiustacja: Halina Baszak-Jaroń Korekta: Kamila Zimnicka-Warchoł ISBN 978-83-7571-118-9 Copyright© by Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego Kraków 2011 Żadna część tej publikacji nie może być powielana ani magazynowana w sposób umożliwiający ponowne wykorzystanie, ani też rozpowszechniana w jakiejkolwiek formie za pomocą środków elektronicznych, mechanicznych, kopiujących, nagrywających i innych, bez uprzedniej pisemnej zgody właściciela praw autorskich Na zlecenie: Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego www.ka.edu.pl Wydawca: Krakowskie Towarzystwo Edukacyjne sp. z o.o. – Ofi cyna Wydawnicza AFM, Kraków 2011 Sprzedaż prowadzi: Księgarnia „U Frycza” Kampus Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego ul. Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, 30-705 Kraków tel./faks: (12) 252 45 93 e-mail: [email protected] Skład: Oleg Aleksejczuk Druk i oprawa: Krakowskie Towarzystwo
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Weather and Climate in Europe
    Extreme weather and climate in Europe ETC/CCA Technical Paper N. 2/2015 10 November 2015 Authors: Paul van der Linden1, Peter Dempsey1, Robert Dunn1, John Caesar1, Blaz Kurnik2 Reviewers: Rutger Dankers1, Blaz Kurnik2, Andre Jol2, Michael Kunz3, Henny van Lanen4, Rasmus Benestad5, Simon Parry6, Mikael Hilden7, Andreas Marx8, Jaroslav Mysiak9, Lizzie Kendon1 European Environment Agency European Topic Centre on Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation The European Topic Centre on Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation (ETC CCA) is a consortium of European institutes under contract of the European Environment Agency: CMCC Alterra AU-NERI CUNI FFCUL MetOffice SYKE THETIS UFZ UPM Cover photo: © Karlsruher Institute of Technology Layout/editing: Met Office (MO) Legal notice This European Topic Centre on Climate Change Impacts, vulnerability and Adaptation (ETC/CCA) Technical Paper has not been subject to a European Environment Agency (EEA) member country review. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Environment Agency, the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the ETC/CCA nor any person or company acting on behalf of the ETC/CCA is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Copyright notice © ETC/CCA, 2015 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Authors affiliation 1Met Office, 2EEA ,3Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 4Wageningen University,5 The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 6CEH Wallingford, 7SYKE, 8Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 9CMCC EEA Project manager Blaz Kurnik, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark European Topic Centre on Climate Change impacts, vulnerability and Adaptation (ETC/CCA) Website: http://cca.eionet.europa.eu/.
    [Show full text]
  • 2003 Heat Wave
    V O L . 1 0 I s s u e s 7- 9 Jul-Sep 2005 EUROPEAN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE JOURNAL Euroroundup • Severe Streptococcus pyogenes associated disease in Europe 2003 Heat Wave O utbreak report • Outbreak of mumps in Sweden Outbreak dispatches • Salmonellosis outbreaks due to imported foods • S HORT REPORTS More hantavirus infections than usual in some European countries FUNDED BY DG HEALTH AND CONSUMER PROTECTION OF THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES "Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on the behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the information in this journal. The opinions expressed by authors contributing to Eurosurveillance do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the European Commission, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ( ECDC ), the Institut de veille sanitaire ( InVS ), the Health Protection Agency ( HPA ) or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated" Eurosurveillance V O L . 1 0 I s s u e s 7- 9 Jul-Sep 2005 Peer-reviewed European information on communicable disease surveillance and control Articles published in Eurosurveillance are indexed by Medline/Index Medicus C ONTENTS E DITORIALS 1 4 6 • Production of Eurosurveillance to be shared with the ECDC 146 Editorial team • Vulnerable population: lessons learnt from the summer 2003 heat waves in Europe 147 G Brücker Editorial offices • The 2003 European heat waves 148 France T Kosatsky Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) 12, rue du Val d’Osne 94415 Saint-Maurice, France O RIGINAL ARTICLES
    [Show full text]
  • Heat-Waves: Risks and Responses SERIES, No
    Heat-waves: Heat-waves: Health and Global Environmental Change SERIES, No. 2 risk and responses World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Tel.: +45 39 17 17 17 Fax: +45 39 17 18 18 Health and Global Environmental Change E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.euro.who.int Heat-waves: risks and responses SERIES, No. 2 No. SERIES, ISBN 92 890 1094 0 Health and Global Environmental Change SERIES, No. 2 Heat-waves: risks and responses Lead authors: Contributing authors: Christina Koppe, Jürgen Baumüller, Sari Kovats, Arieh Bitan, Gerd Jendritzky Julio Díaz Jiménez, and Bettina Menne Kristie L. Ebi, George Havenith, César López Santiago, Paola Michelozzi, Fergus Nicol, Andreas Matzarakis, Glenn McGregor, Paulo Jorge Nogueira, Scott Sheridan and Tanja Wolf Abstract High air temperatures can affect human health and lead to additional deaths even under current climatic conditions. Heat- waves occur infrequently in Europe and can significantly affect human health, as witnessed in summer 2003.This report reviews current knowledge about the effects of heat-waves, including the physiological aspects of heat illness and epidemiological studies on excess mortality,and makes recommendations for preventive action.Measures for reducing heat- related mortality and morbidity include heat health warning systems and appropriate urban planning and housing design. More heat health warnings systems need to be implemented in European countries. This requires good coordination between health and meteorological agencies and the development of appropriate targeted advice and intervention measures. More long-term planning is required to alter urban bioclimates and reduce urban heat islands in summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Probability Density Functions to Analyze the Effect of External
    UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Using Probability Density Functions to Analyze the EffectTown of External Threats on the Reliability of a South African Power Grid MILTON EDIMUCape of Supervisors: Prof. C. T. Gaunt & Dr. R. Herman Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University In Electrical Engineering October 2013 Keywords-Bulk Power System, Reliability Analysis, Risk Modelling, Adverse Weather, Probability Distribution Functions The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University DECLARATION I know the meaning of plagiarism and declare that all the work in the document, save for that which is properly acknowledged, is my own. The number of words in the main text of the thesis is less than 80,000. th Signature: Signature Removed Date: 10 October 2013 Page II ABSTRACT The implications of reliability based decisions are a vital component of the control and management of power systems. Network planners strive to achieve an optimum level of investments and reliability. Network operators on the other hand aim at mitigating the costs associated with low levels of reliability. Effective decision making requires the management of uncertainties in the process applied. Thus, the modelling of reliability inputs, methodology applied in assessing network reliability and the interpretation of the reliability outputs should be carefully considered in reliability analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • An Underestimated Record Breaking Event – Why Summer 1540 Was Likely Warmer Than 2003
    Clim. Past, 9, 41–56, 2013 www.clim-past.net/9/41/2013/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-9-41-2013 of the Past © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. An underestimated record breaking event – why summer 1540 was likely warmer than 2003 O. Wetter1,2 and C. Pfister1 1Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2Institute of History, Section of Economic, Social and Environmental History (WSU), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Correspondence to: O. Wetter ([email protected]) and C. Pfister (christian.pfi[email protected]) Received: 13 June 2012 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 20 July 2012 Revised: 11 December 2012 – Accepted: 12 December 2012 – Published: 14 January 2013 Abstract. The heat of summer 2003 in Western and Cen- and drought events. Such assessments thus need to be com- tral Europe was claimed to be unprecedented since the Mid- plemented with the critical study of contemporary evidence dle Ages on the basis of grape harvest data (GHD) and late from documentary sources which provide coherent and de- wood maximum density (MXD) data from trees in the Alps. tailed data about weather extremes and related impacts on This paper shows that the authors of these studies overlooked human, ecological and social systems. the fact that the heat and drought in Switzerland in 1540 likely exceeded the amplitude of the previous hottest sum- mer of 2003, because the persistent temperature and precip- itation anomaly in that year, described in an abundant and 1 Introduction coherent body of documentary evidence, severely affected the reliability of GHD and tree-rings as proxy-indicators for Future climate change will likely enhance the frequency and temperature estimates.
    [Show full text]