Old Gods and the New: (Re)Invention of Athenian Cults in the Hellenistic Period Aleksandar Simić, University of Belgrade
[email protected] Abstract The history of Athens in the Hellenistic period is a turbulent one. The polis was reduced to a second- or even a third-rate power and had to deal with powerful neighboring empires. Political and economic tides affected Athenian religion and its cult practices. Depending on the current political context and their material wealth, Athenians used their religion to establish their place in a wider Hellenistic world, to promote their polis, or as a means of foreign policy either by honoring or placating kings and other mighty men and women. This paper aims to give an overview of the development of cults and cult practices in Athens roughly from the death of Alexander the Great to the Sulla's sacking of the city in 86 BC. The focus will be on the establishment of new cults and the resurgence of old ones in a new context. Introduction The turbulent history of the Athenian state in the Hellenistic period can be divided into roughly two parts. The first one would coincide with the majority of the third century BCE. It is characterized by a tight Macedonian grip, war, destruction, economic downfall and long-term decline. That ended in 229 BC and the next thirty years were a sort of interregnum. During that 223 period, Athens, supported by mighty Ptolemaic kings in Egypt, held a strongly neutral course in their foreign policy. The proximity of Macedonia once again proved to be a problem for Athens.