Chelmsford City Council
2020 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)
In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management
August, 2020
LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Local Authority Tim Savage Officer Department Public Health & Protection Duke Street Chelmsford Address Essex CM1 1JE Telephone 01245 606264
E-mail [email protected] Report Reference CHE/ASR2020 number Date 28th August 2020
Written by Tim Savage Scientific Team Public Health & Protection Services Chelmsford City Council Duke Street
Chelmsford Essex CM1 1JE
LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area This 2020 Annual Status Report is designed to provide the public with information relating to local air quality in Chelmsford, to fulfil Chelmsford City Council’s statutory duty to review and assess air quality within its area, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved.
In 2019, the Council measured exceedances of the air quality objectives at relevant exposure. However, these exceedances only occurred within existing Air Quality Management Areas.
Chelmsford City Council do not expect any exceedances at relevant exposure to occur in 2020.
Air Quality in Chelmsford
Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.
The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.
Chelmsford is located in mid Essex, thirty-one miles from London and has a population of over 168,310 (2011 census), largely living in the main urban areas of Chelmsford and South Woodham Ferrers. The City of Chelmsford comprises of a number of suburban areas surrounding the main urban areas and the larger rural villages of Danbury, East and West Hanningfield, Great Leighs, Little Waltham and Little Baddow.
The main source of air pollution in Chelmsford is road traffic emissions from major roads and junctions, notably the A12, A414, A138, A130, Army and Navy junction and Boreham interchange.
Chelmsford City Council has declared two Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA). These AQMA are detailed in Table 2.1.
1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013
i LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Actions to Improve Air Quality
Danbury Air Quality Action Plan Development To support air quality action plan development, Chelmsford City Council commissioned air quality dispersion modelling to be undertaken. This process was delayed because of the need for traffic data. Only after traffic counts were undertaken in a neutral month could modelling proceed.
The dispersion modelling developed a baseline pollution map for the road and a detailed source apportionment exercise was undertaken to derive information about pollution sources and the amount they contribute to ambient air pollution levels. This may assist with the design of appropriate air quality mitigation measures.
Modelling was carried out using background concentrations, meteorology data, fleet information and traffic data. A small section of the AQMA was modelled as a street canyon.
Verification of the model was undertaken comparing modelled concentrations with monitored data.
Table i.1 – Model Verification for Baseline Emissions Modelling
Site ID Site Name Modelled % of Measured Concentration
CB75 Main Road 83%
CB76 A/B/C 5/7 Maldon Road 117%
CB91 A/B/C 26 Maldon Road 100%
CB94 Copt Hill 100%
CB95 Eves Corner 96%
CB96 Maldon Road Junction with Little Baddow 100% Road outside Heathcote School
The final modelled concentrations show good agreement with monitored data without inherent bias.
ii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Dispersion Modelling predicted exceedances within the extent of the AQMA and also along a small stretch of Main Road in Danbury. However, this location has had monitoring CB104 which for 2019 had an annual mean concentration of 29.16µg/m3 which is more than 25% below the nitrogen dioxide air quality objective.
3 Figure i.1 – Modelled Annual Average NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) along A414 Main Road and Maldon Road, Danbury
iii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Source Apportionment
Source apportionment has identified that passenger cars have the most significant (58%) contribution to annual average NOx concentrations.
Figure i.2 – NOx emissions by vehicle type along the A414
A significant proportion of these vehicles will be travelling to or from the neighbouring district of Maldon. The Maldon District Local Development Plan sets out strategic growth and projections identify future increases in traffic. In addition, the Bradwell B development proposals are likely to increase traffic flow with heavy goods vehicles.
The next step of action plan development is to quantify the effect of these potential increases in traffic volumes and to devise a range of suitable air quality mitigation measures. It is likely that there will be a focus on improving traffic flow to improve existing traffic and to accommodate future increases in traffic on the A414.
iv LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Army & Navy Roundabout The Army and Navy is one of the key gateways into the city and is used by up to 70,000 vehicles a day. An Air Quality Management area is declared for the roundabout and surrounding roads. The AQMA declaration can be found in Appendix F.
The junction is already operating significantly over capacity during the morning and evening peak times. As a result, it suffers from severe congestion and drivers regularly experience delays. This also affects buses using the junction and results in it being a poor-quality environment for road users.
The issues have been compounded by the permanent closure of the Army and Navy flyover on safety grounds in September 2019.
In November 2019, Essex Highways commenced work to dismantle and remove the flyover structure. All traffic has reverted to using just the roundabout or diverting to other routes. This has appeared to improve traffic flow and air quality on Baddow Road but congestion on Parkway has worsened with the only measured exceedance on a property that backs on to Parkway adjacent to High Bridge Road roundabout.
Funding is being pursued from the Government's Major Road Network and Large Local Majors programme, and the Department for Transport (DfT) has agreed to work with ECC in developing a strategic outline business case for a new scheme.
A number of options have been identified as a potential long term solution for the junction:
• a hamburger roundabout • an enlarged roundabout • a two-way flyover • separate T-junctions Each option includes significantly improved walking and cycling facilities for the junction, incorporating feedback from strategic partners.
Public consultation is expected to take place in spring/summer 2021 to help Essex County Council identify a preferred option. All options will be assessed for air quality impact and new Air Quality Action Plan will be developed after a preferred option has been identified.
Measures are already being explored to help limit the impact of the construction of the chosen long-term solution at the Army and Navy junction in Chelmsford by enhancing sustainable travel in the city.
v LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Chelmsford City Growth Package Updates The table below provides a progress update of Chelmsford City Growth Package measures. These measures prioritise cycling, walking to help alleviate pressure on Chelmsford’s road network.
Table i.2 - Chelmsford City Growth Package Measure Update
Scheme Works Proposed Completion
Installation of cycle Broomfield Road Winter 2020-21 tracks
City Centre cycle Creation of additional Complete parking cycle parking facilities
City Centre Parkway / Improving congestion Complete Victoria Road South on Parkway
Creation of dedicated Chelmer Valley Road Summer 2020 bus lane
Chelmer Village Improvements for Complete cycleway cycling and walking
Introduction of a safe Essex Regiment Way Winter 2021 crossing
Great Baddow to City Creation of new cycle Complete Centre route
Great Waltham to City Creation of new cycle Winter 2020-21 Centre route
New London Road bus Works to prioritise Summer 2020 lane buses
New Street cycle route Creation of cycle tracks Summer 2020
Improvement into Signage and signage and automated Winter 2020-21 technology traffic management
Creation of new public Tindal Square / Market Winter 2020-21 (Market Road) square and new cycle Road cycle lane Summer 2021 (Public Square) lane
Improvement to cycle Writtle cycleway / Summer 2020 (Cycle way way and replacement Admiral Park bridge complete) of bridge
vi LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Electric Vehicle Charging Points Chelmsford City Council have installed electric vehicle charging points in four of our car parks:
• Baddow Road • Fairfield Road • Meadows Surface • Moulsham Street Each EV charging point can charge two cars at once and all include three types of connector:
• 1 x 43kW 63A Type 2 Mennekes • 1 x 50kW 125A JEVS (CHAdeMO) • 1 x 50kW 125A CCS (Combo) You can park for free for up the three hours while charging your vehicle.
The Council have plans to roll out more charging points over the next two years.
Electric Vehicles enter the Council’s Fleet In 2019, Chelmsford City Council’s vehicle fleet took a step towards lower emissions with a set of new electric vehicles which staff have begun to use in their day-to-day work. This includes utility vehicles for use in Chelmsford’s parks, and a hybrid pool car for staff to use if they need to travel during the day on Council business.
The Council’s parks staff, who look after 22 main park locations as well as a huge number of other green spaces around the city, were excited to take delivery of two plug-in electric utility vehicles in late June. These replace traditional petrol-powered units, reducing emissions to zero. They also have the benefit of being ultra-quiet, so the tranquillity of the parks will not be disturbed by work being carried out.
PM2.5 Monitoring
In 2019, Chelmsford City Council commenced PM2.5 monitoring at the Springfield Road automatic monitoring station. The location is near to the residential properties and the prison and because of the busy road, bus stop and junction all near to the monitoring station, this site is likely to be measuring worst case exposure.
3 The annual mean concentration for PM2.5 was measured as 11.42µg/m which is well below the EU target value for PM2.5 but still just above the World Health Organisations annual mean guideline for PM2.5. Full results can be found in Section 3 and Appendix A.
vii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Assessment of Bradwell B Chelmsford City Council is working to assess traffic impacts of the proposed development of a new nuclear power station at Bradwell-on-Sea in Maldon. Consultation documents highlight that there could be a peak of 500-700 average daily two-way HGV movements during the construction process.
Potential routes have been identified with route to the development site passing through the A414 Maldon Road, Danbury AQMA and the route away from the site around the north of South Woodham Ferrers.
Figure i.3 Map of Potential Early Years HGV Routes to and from Bradwell B
In addition to freight movements by HGV’s, there is likely to be Park and Ride facilities providing buses to take construction workers to and from site. Traffic movements could affect local air quality in Danbury and South Woodham and careful assessment and response to any forthcoming planning applications shall be required. Conclusions and Priorities Chelmsford City Council will prioritise the following air quality actions for the forthcoming year:
• Review of the transport routes for the Bradwell B proposed development. • Conclude development of an AQAP for A414 Maldon Road, Danbury • Adoption of the A414 Maldon Road, Danbury AQAP • Commence implementation of AQAP measures for the A414 Maldon Road AQMA
viii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Local Engagement and How to get Involved airTEXT Residents and visitors to Chelmsford are encouraged to sign up to airTEXT for free air quality alerts by SMS text message, email, @airtext_chelm on twitter and voicemail. The service also provides 3-day forecasts of air quality, pollen, UV and temperature. It is possible to sign up by visiting airTEXT.info/signup or by texting airTEXT to 78070.
There is also a free airTEXT smart phone app that gives users forecasts for pollution, UV, grass pollen and temperature. This app is currently available for Android smartphones. Click on the image to download the app.
The @EssexAir twitter feed provides localised weekly air pollution forecasts.
Figure i.4 - Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications
Links to health advice are provided when air pollution is likely to be moderate or higher. This will enable those with heart or lung conditions, or other breathing problems to make informed judgements about their levels of activity or exposure.
ix LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Smoky Vehicles Particulate matter is usually not visible but when poorly maintained diesel engines can produce visible particles, appearing as smoke. Fine particles have an adverse effect on human health, particularly among those with respiratory and cardiovascular problem.
Essex Air promotes the DVSA service for reporting smoky lorries or buses via twitter and a link to this service is provided at the top of the Essex Air website.
Figure i.5 - Essex Air Reporting Smoky Vehicle Tweets
Liftshare Essex County Council has worked closely with Liftshare to develop the Essex Car Share scheme. This operates across Chelmsford and provides commuters with a car sharing service which could cut congestion and air pollution whilst saving money.
x LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Table of Contents
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Chelmsford ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Conclusions and Priorities ...... viii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... ix 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Chelmsford ...... 3
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 5 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 7 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 7 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 7 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 7 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 8
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 8
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 10
3.2.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 10
3.2.2 Ozone (O3) ...... 10 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 11 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 34 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 37 Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 42 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 52 Appendix F: Chelmsford City Council AQMA Orders...... 54 Glossary of Terms ...... 58 References ...... 59
xi LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council List of Tables Table i.1 – Model Verification for Baseline Modelling ...... ii Table i.2 – Chelmsford Growth Package Measure Update ...... vi Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 3 Table 3.1 – 2019 Measured Exceedances ...... 8 Table 3.2 - Monitoring differences between CB107 and CB110 ...... 9 Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 11 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 12 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 16 Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 23 Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results...... 27 Table A.6 – 24-Hour PM10 Monitoring Results ...... 27 Table A.7 – Annual Mean PM2.5 Monitoring Results ...... 31 Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results – 2019 ...... 34 Table C.1 – AIR PT Results 2019 ...... 36 Table C.2 – Diffusion Tube Exposure Periods ...... 38 Table C.3 – Annualisation Calculator ...... 39 Table C.4 – NO2 Fall-Off Calculator...... 40 Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 52 Table E.2 – Examples of Where the Air Quality Objectives Should Apply ...... 52
List of Figures Figure i.1 – Modelled Annual Average NO2 Concentrations (µg/m3) along A414 Main Road and Maldon Road, Danbury ...... iii Figure i.2 – NOx emissions by vehicle type along the A414 ...... iv Figure i.3 – Map of Potential Early Years HGV Routes to and from Bradwell B ...... viii Figure i.4 – Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications ...... ix Figure i.5 – Essex Air Reporting Smoky Vehicle Tweets ...... x Figure 2.1 - Public Health Framework Indicator D01 Fraction of all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic particulate air pollution ...... 5 Figure 3.1 – CB107 Wood Street Monitoring ...... 9 Figure A.1 - Nitrogen Dioxide (Automatic Monitor) Trend Data 2009-2019 ...... 21 Figure A.2 – Nitrogen Dioxide (Diffusion Tube) Trend Data 2010-2019 ...... 22 Figure A.3 – CM1 Chignal St James NO2 Automatic Data Plot ...... 24 Figure A.4 – CM2 Springfield Road NO2 Automatic Data Plot ...... 24 Figure A.5 – CM3 Rainsford Lane NO2 Automatic Data Plot ...... 25 Figure A.6 – CM4 Baddow Road NO2 Automatic Data Plot ...... 25 Figure A.7 – Modelled Annual Average NO2 Concentration (2016) ...... 26 Figure A.8 – CM1 Chignal St James PM10 Automatic Data Plot ...... 28 Figure A.9 – CM2 Springfield Road PM10 Automatic Data Plot ...... 28 Figure A.10 – CM3 Rainsford Lane PM10 Automatic Data Plot ...... 29 Figure A.11 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations ...... 30 Figure A.12 – Measured Daily Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations 2019 ...... 31 Figure A.13 – Comparison of Measured Daily Particulate Matter PM2.5 & PM10 Concentrations 2019 ...... 32 Figure A.14 - Measured Ozone (O3) Concentrations 2018 ...... 33 Figure A.16 – Ozone (O3) Trends ...... 33 Figure D.1 - Army & Navy AQMA Monitoring...... 42 Figure D.2 - Boreham Monitoring ...... 43 Figure D.3 - Chignal St James Monitoring ...... 44
xii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure D.4 – A414 Main Road, Danbury AQMA Monitoring ...... 45 Figure D.5 – A414 Main Road, Danbury Monitoring ...... 46 Figure D.6 – A414 Maldon Road, Danbury Monitoring ...... 47 Figure D.7 - Howe Green Monitoring ...... 48 Figure D.8 - Springfield Road Monitoring ...... 49 Figure D.9 – West Chelmsford Monitoring ...... 50 Figure D.10 – Great Baddow Monitoring ...... 51 Figure F.1 - Army and Navy Air Quality Management Area (Amendment) Order 2012 ...... 54 Figure F.2 - A414 Maldon Road, Danbury Air Quality Management Order 2018...... 56
xiii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council 1 Local Air Quality Management
This report provides an overview of air quality in Chelmsford during 2019. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.
The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Chelmsford City Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.
The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England and examples of relevant exposure can be found in Appendix E.
1 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas
Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.
Chelmsford City Council currently has two declared AQMAs. A summary of AQMAs declared by Chelmsford City Council can be found in Table 2.1 below. For location details, see Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides maps of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMAs. Appendix F contains the current AQMA declaration orders.
Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas Level of Exceedance Is air (maximum quality in monitored/modelled Action Plan the AQMA concentration at a location of Pollutants Date of influenced relevant exposure) AQMA and Air One Line Declarat City / Town by roads Name Quality Description ion controlled Objectives by At Now Name Date of Publication Link Highways Declaration England?
Declared Air Quality https://uk- 01/12/20 Army & NO2 Army & Navy Action Plan air.defra.gov.uk/assets/doc 05Amen Navy Annual Chelmsford Roundabout and NO 51 µg/m3 42.04 µg/m3 Army & 2008 uments/no2ten/Local_zon ded AQMA Mean surrounding roads Navy July 1/10/201 e29_Chelmsford_AQAction 2008 2 plan_1.pdf A414 The stretch of road Declared NO2 Maldon between Gay Bowers A414 Maldon Road, Danbury Air Quality Action Plan is in 08/10/20 Annual Danbury NO 47.31 µg/m3 42.83 µg/m3 Road, Lane and Danbury development 18 Mean Danbury Village Green ☒ Chelmsford City Council confirms the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date
2 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Chelmsford
Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2. Further measures will be added on adoption of the forthcoming Air Quality Strategy and A414 Maldon Road, Danbury Air Quality Action Plan.
Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Organisations Reduction in Estimated / EU Key Measure EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Classificati Performance Progress to Date No. Category Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation on Indicator Source Measure Date Bus Priority Measures. Focus on removing as much traffic as Chelmsfor Transport possible on the d Growth Planning Essex County Funding secured & Reduced outskirts of the City by 1 Package - and Other Council / South 2010-2017 2018 Not quantified public consultation 2021 Congestion emphasising existing Outer Infrastructur East LEP completed rail and Park & Ride Zone e routes and exploring potential for future services. Sustainable Transport alternatives to the Chelmsfor Planning Essex County Funding secured & private car use and d Growth Cycle Increased 2 and Council / South 2017 2018 Not quantified public consultation 2021 encouraging trips using Package - network Cycle Use Infrastructur East LEP completed public transport, Mid Zone e cycling and on the pedestrian network Public Real Chelmsfor Promoting Essex County Increased Funding secured & Improvements - d Growth Promotion 3 Travel Council / South 2017 2018 Pedestrian Not quantified public consultation 2021 Improving the quality of Package - of walking Alternatives East LEP Access completed the walking Inner Zone environment Pre-design stage: Community Transport Development of a long- Workshops seeking Army & Planning term solution for the Essex County Not yet feedback from local 4 Navy and Other 2019 TBC TBC 2025 major Army and Navy Council quantified people and interested Taskforce Infrastructur junction parties to help shape e the right long-term solution for the city Policy Chelmsfor Guidance Low d Air Chelmsford City Adoption of 5 and Emissions 2018 2019 Not quantified In Development 2019 Quality Council Policy Developme Strategy Strategy nt Control
3 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Alternatives Car & lift Essex Essex County Number of Ongoing 6 to private sharing N/A 2014 Not quantified Ongoing Liftshare Council Users Measure vehicle use schemes
Regional Groups Co- ordinating Policy programme Guidance s to develop Member of Ongoing 7 and Area wide Essex Air N/A N/A N/A N/A Ongoing Essex Air Measure Developme Strategies nt Control to reduce emissions and improve air quality Measures to Environme reduce Operator ntal Permit pollution compliance Inspection Environmen through Chelmsford City 8 N/A N/A with N/A Ongoing N/A & tal Permits IPPC Council Environmental Enforceme Permits Permit nt going beyond BAT
4 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations
As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.
Chelmsford City Council commenced PM2.5 monitoring in 2019 at the Springfield Road
(Chelmsford Prison) site which routinely measures the highest PM10 in the monitoring network. This location is sited next to a busy road and junction along with an adjacent 3 bus stop. The PM2.5 annual mean measurement for 2019 was 11.42µg/m .
All three PM10 monitors in Chelmsford have long term downwards trends suggesting that particulate matter concentrations may also be reducing. This can be seen in Figure A.11 in Appendix A.
Chelmsford City Council notes the Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator D01
– Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate (PM2.5) air pollution which for 2018 gave a value of 5.7% which is slightly above average for the East of England region (5.5%).
Figure 2.1 - Public Health Framework Indicator D01 Fraction of all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic particulate air pollution
5 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Dispersion modelling undertaken for the air quality impact assessment prepared to support the Chelmsford Local Plan identified no exceedances of the PM2.5 target 3 values (annual mean of 25µg/m ). A map showing these modelled PM2.5 results can be seen in Figure A.7 in Appendix A.
Chelmsford City Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5:
• Use of Essex Air twitter to encourage the reporting of smoky vehicles through the DVSA reporting service. It is possible to report either heavy goods vehicles or public service vehicles (buses).
• Regular inspections of permitted industry where combustion and non-
combustion processes could lead to anthropogenic emissions of PM2.5
• Working with Essex County Council (highway authority) and Highways England to deliver major transport improvement schemes to alleviate traffic and congestion. In addition to reduced exhaust emissions, these schemes will reduce non-exhaust particulate emissions from brake and tyre wear by making traffic flows smoother.
6 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance
This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with the objectives.
The air quality monitoring results presented in this report are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Details on how adjustments are made is provided in Appendix C.
3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
Chelmsford City Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at four sites during 2019 measuring Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). In addition, three of these sites measure Particulate Matter (PM10), one site measures Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and one site measures Ozone (O3). Table A.1 in Appendix A provides detail of these sites.
Details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted is provided in Appendix C.
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D.
3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Chelmsford City Council undertook non-automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 51 sites during 2019. Table A.2 in Appendix A provides detail of these sites.
Details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D.
7 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council 3.2 Individual Pollutants
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) In 2019, Chelmsford City Council measured exceedances of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide at four monitoring sites.
Exceedances at relevant exposure were measured at CB91/92/93 on Maldon Road in the Danbury AQMA and at CB98 on the A1060 Parkway in the Army and Navy AQMA.
Table 3.1 – 2019 Measured Exceedances Estimated Measured Concentration of Site ID Site Name In AQMA? Concentration of NO2 at Relevant NO2 Exposure
26 Maldon Road, CB91/92/93 YES 42.83µg/m3 42.83µg/m3 Danbury
Rear of 66 CB98 YES 45.84µg/m3 42.04µg/m3 Baddow Road
Rear of 74 CB99/99B/99C YES 45.43µg/m3 37.58µg/m3 Baddow Road
Opposite 28 CB107 NO 41.65µg/m3 N/A Wood Street
Appendix C provides details on how the calculation is made to estimate the concentration at relevant exposure.
The exceedance measured at the CB107 monitoring site is caused by northbound traffic flow and traffic queuing towards Wood Street roundabout. This is further exacerbated by the wall adjacent to the footway creating a street canyon which reduces dispersion of pollutants. Traffic flow in the opposite direction is free flowing and residential properties are set back slightly so it is expected that concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are much lower at relevant exposure than at CB107.
Towards the end of 2019, a further monitoring site CB110 commenced adjacent to the southbound carriageway close to relevant exposure.
8 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure 3.1 – CB107 Wood Street Monitoring
During the time that this monitoring was operated, the measured concentrations at relevant exposure were 36% lower than the exceedance at CB107 and it is not considered that an exceedance has taken place at relevant exposure or that it is necessary to declare an AQMA. However, for 2020 increased monitoring will take place at relevant exposure in Wood Street.
Table 3.2 – Monitoring differences between CB107 and CB110
Average Raw Measured Percentage Difference
Site ID Site Name Concentration of NO2 for between CB107 & October - December CB110
Opposite 28 CB107 58.30µg/m3 Wood Street -36% Adjacent to 25 CB110 37.15µg/m3 Wood Street
9 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)
Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.
Chelmsford City Council has not measured any exceedance of the air quality objectives for PM10 and all three monitoring stations are showing a decline in measured particulate pollution.
3.2.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
2019 was the first year that Chelmsford City Council has undertaken monitoring of PM2.5. The analyser was sited at the CM2 Springfield Road air quality monitoring station.
Table A.7 in Appendix A provides the ratified monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for 2019.
Figure A.12 contains a plot of 2019 PM2.5 daily average concentrations.
Figure A.13 compares 2019 PM2.5 and PM10 monitored concentrations.
3.2.2 Ozone (O3)
It is not a requirement of Local Air Quality Management to monitor Ozone concentrations. However, Chelmsford City Council undertakes measurement at the Chignal St James rural background monitoring site.
Figure A.15 in Appendix A provides the results of Ozone monitoring from 2011 to 2019.
10 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Distance to Distance to Inlet Site Site Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Monitoring Relevant kerb of Height ID Name Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? Technique Exposure nearest (m) (m) (1) road (m) (2) NO, NOx, Chemiluminescent Chignal St CM1 Rural 566463 210830 NO2, NO / Unheated BAM / 40 43 4 James PM10, O3 UV Photometry NO, NOx, Springfield Chemiluminescent NO2, CM2 Road Roadside 571640 207179 NO / Unheated BAM / 29.2 2.8 2.5 PM10, (Prison) Heated BAM PM2.5 Rainsford NO, NOx, Chemiluminescent CM3 Lane (Fire Roadside 569912 206881 NO2, NO 20 2.5 2.5 / Unheated BAM Station) PM10 Baddow NO, NOx, CM4 Roadside 571654 205798 NO Chemiluminescent 12 5.1 1.5 Road NO2
Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
11 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Distance Distance Tube to kerb to collocated X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Relevant with a Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? nearest (m) Exposure Continuous road (m) (m) (1) Analyser? (2) 12 Van CB01 Diemans Roadside 571421 205963 NO2 NO 0 12 NO 2.5 Road 3 CB02 Moulsham Roadside 571388 205725 NO2 NO 9.3 2.5 NO 2.5 Chase 109 CB08 Balmoral Roadside 571383 206926 NO2 NO 3 3 NO 2.5 Ct. 60 Roxwell CB13 Roadside 569077 207528 NO2 NO 0 16 NO 2.5 Road 95 Baddow CB22/22B/22C Roadside 571505 205968 NO2 YES 0 8 NO 2.5 Road 214 CB26/26A/26B Baddow Roadside 571614 205812 NO2 NO 0 5 NO 2.5 Road Howe CB27/27A/27B Green Roadside 574080 203469 NO2 NO 0 18 NO 2.5 Interchange Main Road, CB31 Roadside 575265 209975 NO2 NO 0 5 NO 2.5 Boreham 2 Abbots CB32 Roadside 571581 207144 NO2 NO 0 5 NO 2.5 Place Victoria CB33 Roadside 570974 207157 NO2 NO 3 3 NO 2.5 Road 2 Rainsford CB36 Roadside 570104 207247 NO2 NO 2 1 NO 2.5 Lane Springfield CB38/39/40 Roadside 571640 207179 NO2 NO 14 3 NO 2.5 Road
12 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
(Prison) AQMS Lyttleton Urban CB44 570422 207352 NO2 NO 0 11 NO 2.5 House Background 32 Van Urban CB45 Diemans 571400 205911 NO2 NO 0 11 NO 2.5 Background Road 32 CB46 Rochford Roadside 571062 206281 NO2 NO 2 3 NO 2.5 Road 26 CB49 Rochford Roadside 571104 206262 NO2 NO 0 5 NO 2.5 Road Penpol, CB52 Victoria Roadside 571367 207014 NO2 NO 0 3 NO 2.5 Road 52 Goldlay CB56 Roadside 571177 206222 NO2 YES 5 1 NO 2.5 Road Goldlay CB57 House, Roadside 571359 206124 NO2 NO 0 16 NO 2.5 Parkway 148 CB58 Baddow Roadside 571476 205964 NO2 YES 0 12 NO 2.5 Road 10 Fraser CB61 Suburban 571445 205631 NO2 NO 0 7 NO 2.5 Close Chignal CB62/63/64 Rural 566463 210830 NO2 NO 40 43 NO 4 AQMS Rainsford Lane (Fire CB65/66/67 Roadside 569912 206881 NO2 NO 20 2.5 NO 2.5 Station) AQMS Goldlay CB68/68B/68C Roadside 571382 206092 NO2 NO 0 12 NO 2.5 Avenue South CB74 Primrose Roadside 570074 207167 NO2 NO 0 4 NO 2.5 Hill
13 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
5/7 Maldon CB76/76B/76C Road, Roadside 578506 205122 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Danbury 10 CB79 Waterhouse Roadside 569480 206008 NO2 NO 2 1 NO 2.5 Lane 208 CB80 Springfield Roadside 571710 207246 NO2 NO 0 3 NO 2.5 Road 2/4 Arbour CB81 Roadside 571674 207282 NO2 NO 4 1 NO 2.5 Lane 122 CB82 Springfield Roadside 571438 206966 NO2 NO 0 4 NO 2.5 Road 134/136 CB83/83B/83C Springfield Roadside 571462 206999 NO2 NO 0 3 NO 2.5 Road Baddow CB84/85/86 Road Roadside 571653 205800 NO2 NO 12 5.1 NO 1.5 AQMS CB87 Bus Station Other 570444 207044 NO2 NO 4 3 NO 2.5 135 CB89 Springfield Roadside 571426 206979 NO2 NO 2 0.5 NO 2.5 Road 144 CB90 Springfield Roadside 571480 207019 NO2 NO 2 2 NO 2.5 Road 26 Maldon CB91/92/93 Road, Roadside 578538.827 205114 NO2 YES 0 1 NO 2.5 Danbury Copt Hill, CB94 Roadside 578570.903 205107.86 NO2 NO -1.4 2.8 NO 2.5 Danbury Eves CB95 Corner, Roadside 578408.67 205106 NO2 NO 3 2 NO 2.5 Danbury Heathcote CB96 Kerbside 578363 205119.8 NO2 NO 3 0.25 NO 2.5 School,
14 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Main Road, Danbury Broomfield Road Junction CB97 (Opposite Kerbside 570409 207373 NO2 NO 8 1 NO 2 78 Broomfield Road) Rear of 66 CB98 Baddow Kerbside 571148 206324 NO2 YES 2 3 NO 2 Road Rear of 74 CB99A/99B/99C Baddow Kerbside 571211 206274 NO2 YES 3.4 1.25 NO 2 Road Waterloo CB100 Roadside 571089 207060 NO2 NO 1 3 NO 2.5 Lane Maldon Road Junction w/ CB102 Roadside 578954.31 205131.82 NO2 NO 1 1 NO 2.5 The Avenue, Danbury Opposite Myra Cottage CB103A/103B/103C Roadside 578476.76 205110.58 NO2 YES 8 1 NO 2.5 Maldon Road, Danbury Main Road CB104 Roadside 577850.68 205360.49 NO2 NO 2 2 NO 2.5 Danbury Maldon CB105 Road Great Kerbside 572967.43 205131.11 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Baddow Opposite 28 CB107 Wood Kerbside 569976.94 205233.94 NO2 NO N/A 1 NO 2.5 Street
15 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Blacksmiths Cottage, CB108 Maldon Façade 578487.544 205139.213 NO2 NO 0 19 NO 2.5 Road, Danbury Adjacent to Anytime CB109 Fitness, Façade 570456.126 207024.951 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Viaduct Road Adjacent to CB110 25 Wood Roadside 569982.25 205263.95 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Street
Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results
Valid Data 3 (3) Capture for Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Monitoring Site ID Site Type Monitoring Capture Type (2) Period (%) 2019 (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (1) CM1 566463 210830 93.63 93.63 12.79 14.23 14.47 12.43 11.85 CM2 571640 207179 86.51 86.51 28.11 28.89 28.00 29.19 34.54 CM3 569912 206881 89.24 89.24 27.90 25.59 26.88 24.20 19.91 CM4 571654 205798 85.25 85.25 25.80 29.57 29.46 27.50 26.96 CB01 571421 205963 100.00 100.00 28.44 31.30 32.49 31.72 30.23 CB02 571388 205725 100.00 100.00 20.15 20.53 22.59 20.84 19.75
16 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
CB08 571383 206926 100.00 100.00 28.59 28.91 33.21 29.28 28.00 CB13 569077 207528 100.00 100.00 16.26 18.09 20.07 18.34 17.71 CB22/22B/22C (Triplicate Results 571505 205968 92.79 92.79 30.34 32.37 32.32 32.95 29.56 Averaged) CB26/26A/26B (Triplicate Results 571614 205812 100.00 100.00 28.07 29.29 31.21 29.72 28.00 Averaged) CB27/27A/27B (Triplicate Results 574080 203469 100.00 100.00 36.64 35.04 36.35 32.41 31.77 Averaged) CB31 575265 209975 100.00 100.00 24.78 26.69 26.01 24.38 24.30 CB32 571581 207144 100.00 100.00 31.60 31.88 33.30 29.03 29.32 CB33 570974 207157 100.00 100.00 31.08 28.82 31.97 29.79 29.11 CB36 570104 207247 100.00 100.00 25.84 27.95 26.19 28.60 28.42 CB38/39/40 (Triplicate Results 571640 207179 100.00 100.00 28.29 28.30 30.27 28.96 28.00 Averaged) CB44 570422 207352 72.88 72.88 29.96 31.09 32.41 31.37 28.57 CB45 571400 205911 100.00 100.00 23.99 28.78 28.07 26.94 25.47 CB46 571062 206281 100.00 100.00 25.15 25.22 28.79 27.70 24.91 CB49 571104 206262 100.00 100.00 21.37 22.74 23.07 22.34 24.17 CB52 571367 207014 100.00 100.00 30.79 30.35 34.30 31.89 29.92
CB56 571177 206222 100.00 100.00 21.13 24.15 24.49 23.53 23.37
CB57 571359 206124 86.58 86.58 26.45 28.25 30.59 28.22 27.57 CB58 571476 205964 89.86 89.86 35.77 36.59 40.58 37.19 35.11 CB61 571445 205631 100.00 100.00 15.29 15.98 17.29 15.53 15.21
17 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
CB62/63/64 (Triplicate Results 566463 210830 100.00 100.00 11.15 12.22 13.52 11.56 11.65 Averaged) CB65/66/67 (Triplicate Results 569912 206881 95.43 95.43 22.44 23.10 24.07 23.25 21.45 Averaged) CB68/68B/68C (Triplicate Results 571382 206092 95.43 95.43 28.70 29.85 31.85 32.31 29.42 Averaged) CB74 570074 207167 100.00 100.00 25.52 31.00 27.97 29.53 26.74 CB76/76B/76C (Triplicate Results 578506 205122 97.53 97.53 33.43 39.36 41.82 36.52 36.26 Averaged) CB79 569480 206008 100.00 100.00 28.20 35.22 39.46 41.84 38.97 CB80 571710 207246 100.00 100.00 25.34 25.29 27.52 26.77 24.62 CB81 571674 207282 78.36 78.36 25.96 29.16 32.54 32.15 28.96
CB82 571438 206966 100.00 100.00 32.83 31.90 34.64 34.73 31.51
CB83/83B/83C (Triplicate Results 571462 206999 95.43 95.43 39.05 38.02 39.35 36.36 35.77 Averaged)
CB84/85/86 (Triplicate Results 571653 205800 100.00 100.00 24.28 27.48 29.82 26.41 26.44 Averaged)
CB87 570444 207044 75.07 75.07 39.92 35.81 36.97 35.42 39.55 CB89 571426 206979 100.00 100.00 N/A 37.37 41.67 38.46 37.35 CB90 571480 207019 100.00 100.00 N/A 30.48 29.55 26.89 26.05
18 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
CB91/92/93 (Triplicate Results 578538.827 205114 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A 47.31 44.62 42.83 Averaged)
CB94 578570.903 205107.86 67.12 67.12 N/A N/A 31.37 27.80 24.97 CB95 578408.67 205106 92.60 92.60 N/A N/A 26.93 29.44 27.53 CB96 578363 205119.8 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A 24.57 29.19 29.77 CB97 570409 207373 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A 38.30 37.74 CB98 571148 206324 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A 45.92 45.84
CB99A/99B/99C (Triplicate Results 571211 206274 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A 47.13 45.43 Averaged)
CB100 571089 207060 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A 27.46 21.41
CB102 578954.31 205131.82 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 39.43 CB103A/103B/103C (Triplicate Results 578476.76 205110.58 92.97 92.97 N/A N/A N/A N/A 36.90 Averaged) CB104 577850.68 205360.49 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 29.16
CB105 572967.43 205131.11 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A 27.37
CB107 569976.94 205233.94 92.05 92.05 N/A N/A N/A N/A 41.65 CB108 578487.544 205139.213 100.00 84.93 N/A N/A N/A N/A 17.81 CB109 570456.126 207024.951 84.90 44.66 N/A N/A N/A N/A 33.66 CB110 569982.25 205263.95 100.00 27.12 N/A N/A N/A N/A 25.39
19 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.
20 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.1 – Nitrogen Dioxide (Automatic Monitor) Trend Data 2009-2019
45 40mg/m3 Nitrogen Dioxide Air Quality Objective 40 Springfie ld Road 35 AQMS
3 30 Rainsfor
µg/m d Lane AQMS 25
20 Chignal St James AQMS
15 Nitrogen Dioxide Constration 10 Baddow Road AQMS 5
0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
21 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.2 – Nitrogen Dioxide (Diffusion Tube) Trend Data 2010-2019
22 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results
3 (3) NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Valid Data Capture for Valid Data Monitoring Site ID Site Type Monitoring Period (%) Capture 2018 Type (1) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
CM1 Rural Automatic 93.63 93.63 0 (63.08) 0 0 0 0
CM2 Roadside Automatic 86.51 86.51 0 0 0 0 0
CM3 Roadside Automatic 89.24 89.24 0 (98.51) 0 0 0 0
CM4 Roadside Automatic 85.25 85.25 0 (82.10) 0 0 0 0
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.
23 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure A.3 – CM1 Chignal St James NO2 Automatic Data Plot
90
80
) 3 70
60
50
40
30
20 Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration(µg/m 10
0
13/02/19 24/07/19 11/01/19 22/01/19 02/02/19 23/02/19 06/03/19 17/03/19 28/03/19 07/04/19 18/04/19 29/04/19 10/05/19 20/05/19 31/05/19 11/06/19 22/06/19 02/07/19 13/07/19 04/08/19 14/08/19 25/08/19 05/09/19 16/09/19 26/09/19 07/10/19 18/10/19 29/10/19 08/11/19 19/11/19 30/11/19 11/12/19 21/12/19 01/01/2019
NO2 Hourly Annual Mean Air Quality Objective (40µg/m3)
Figure A.4 – CM2 Springfield Road NO2 Automatic Data Plot
200
180
) 3 160
140
120
100
80
60
40 Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration(µg/m 20
0
01/01/19 02/02/19 06/03/19 07/04/19 10/05/19 11/06/19 13/07/19 14/08/19 16/09/19 11/01/19 22/01/19 13/02/19 23/02/19 17/03/19 28/03/19 18/04/19 29/04/19 20/05/19 31/05/19 22/06/19 02/07/19 24/07/19 04/08/19 25/08/19 05/09/19 26/09/19 07/10/19 18/10/19 29/10/19 08/11/19 19/11/19 30/11/19 11/12/19 21/12/19
Hourly Concentration Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Objective
24 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure A.5 – CM3 Rainsford Lane NO2 Automatic Data Plot 100
90 ) 3 80
70
60
50
40
30
20 Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration(µg/m
10
0
01/01/2019 02/02/2019 06/03/2019 07/04/2019 10/05/2019 11/06/2019 13/07/2019 14/08/2019 16/09/2019 11/01/2019 22/01/2019 13/02/2019 23/02/2019 17/03/2019 28/03/2019 18/04/2019 29/04/2019 20/05/2019 31/05/2019 22/06/2019 02/07/2019 24/07/2019 04/08/2019 25/08/2019 05/09/2019 26/09/2019 07/10/2019 18/10/2019 29/10/2019 08/11/2019 19/11/2019 30/11/2019 11/12/2019 21/12/2019
Horuly Concentration Annual Mean Air Quality Objective (40µg/m3)
Figure A.6 – CM4 Baddow Road NO2 Automatic Data Plot 160
140
) 3
120
100
80
60
40 Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration(µg/m 20
0
01/01/2019 16/03/2019 31/05/2019 11/01/2019 21/01/2019 01/02/2019 12/02/2019 22/02/2019 05/03/2019 27/03/2019 07/04/2019 17/04/2019 28/04/2019 09/05/2019 20/05/2019 10/06/2019 21/06/2019 02/07/2019 13/07/2019 24/07/2019 03/08/2019 14/08/2019 25/08/2019 05/09/2019 15/09/2019 26/09/2019 07/10/2019 18/10/2019 29/10/2019 08/11/2019 19/11/2019 30/11/2019 11/12/2019 22/12/2019
Hourly Concentration Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Objective
25 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.7 – Modelled Annual Average NO2 Concentration (2016)
26 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results
Valid Data Capture Valid Data 3 (3) X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2018 Site ID (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CM1 Rural 566463 210830 89.59 89.59 20.49 17.07 16.19 13.54 15.88 CM2 Roadside 571640 207179 87.12 87.12 27.21 28.42 28.80 27.02 25.31 CM3 Roadside 569912 206881 86.85 86.85 20.97 20.83 19.97 17.68 18.74 Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.
Table A.6 – 24-Hour PM10 Monitoring Results
Valid Data Capture Valid Data 3 (3) X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2018 Site ID (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CM1 Rural 566463 210830 89.59 89.59 3 1 5 1 3 CM2 Roadside 571640 207179 87.12 87.12 7 8 15 12 13 CM3 Roadside 569912 206881 86.85 86.85 4 5 5 2 2 Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.
27 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.8 – CM1 Chignal St James PM10 Automatic Data Plot
60
50
) 3 40
30 Concentration(µg/m
10 20 PM
10
0
27/11/2019 12/01/2019 23/01/2019 04/02/2019 14/02/2019 25/02/2019 08/03/2019 19/03/2019 30/03/2019 10/04/2019 21/04/2019 02/05/2019 13/05/2019 24/05/2019 04/06/2019 15/06/2019 26/06/2019 07/07/2019 18/07/2019 29/07/2019 09/08/2019 20/08/2019 31/08/2019 11/09/2019 22/09/2019 03/10/2019 14/10/2019 25/10/2019 05/11/2019 16/11/2019 08/12/2019 19/12/2019 30/12/2019 01/01/2019
Figure A.9 – CM2 Springfield Road PM10 Automatic Data Plot
80
70
) 3 60
50
40
Concentration(µg/m 30
10 PM 20
10
0
01/01/2019 12/01/2019 23/01/2019 03/02/2019 14/02/2019 25/02/2019 08/03/2019 19/03/2019 30/03/2019 10/04/2019 21/04/2019 02/05/2019 13/05/2019 24/05/2019 04/06/2019 15/06/2019 26/06/2019 07/07/2019 18/07/2019 29/07/2019 09/08/2019 20/08/2019 31/08/2019 11/09/2019 22/09/2019 03/10/2019 14/10/2019 25/10/2019 05/11/2019 16/11/2019 27/11/2019 08/12/2019 19/12/2019 30/12/2019
28 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.10 – CM3 Rainsford Lane PM10 Automatic Data Plot
60
50
) 3
40
30
Concentration(µg/m
10 PM 20
10
0
04/10/2019 28/11/2019 12/01/2019 23/01/2019 03/02/2019 15/02/2019 26/02/2019 09/03/2019 20/03/2019 31/03/2019 11/04/2019 22/04/2019 03/05/2019 14/05/2019 25/05/2019 05/06/2019 16/06/2019 27/06/2019 08/07/2019 19/07/2019 30/07/2019 10/08/2019 21/08/2019 01/09/2019 12/09/2019 23/09/2019 15/10/2019 26/10/2019 06/11/2019 17/11/2019 09/12/2019 20/12/2019 31/12/2019 01/01/2019
29 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.11 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations
45
40mg/m3 PM10 Air Quality Objective 40
Springfiel 35 d Road AQMS
30 Rainsfor
3 d Lane
AQMS µg/m 25 Chignal St James AQMS 20
Concentration Linear
10 (Springfi
PM eld Road 15 AQMS) Linear (Rainsfor 10 d Lane AQMS)
5
0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
30 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.12 – Measured Daily Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations 2019
45.00 ) 3 40.00
g/m 35.00 μ 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 Concentration ( Concentration 5.00
2.5 0.00
PM
24/02/2019 23/08/2019 18/12/2019 10/01/2019 19/01/2019 28/01/2019 06/02/2019 15/02/2019 05/03/2019 14/03/2019 23/03/2019 01/04/2019 10/04/2019 19/04/2019 28/04/2019 07/05/2019 16/05/2019 25/05/2019 03/06/2019 12/06/2019 21/06/2019 30/06/2019 09/07/2019 18/07/2019 27/07/2019 05/08/2019 14/08/2019 01/09/2019 10/09/2019 19/09/2019 28/09/2019 07/10/2019 16/10/2019 25/10/2019 03/11/2019 12/11/2019 21/11/2019 30/11/2019 09/12/2019 27/12/2019 01/01/2019
Table A.7 – Annual Mean PM2.5 Monitoring Results
3 (3) Valid Data Capture Valid Data PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2018 Site ID (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
CM2 Roadside 571640 207179 80 80 N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.42
31 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.13 – Comparison of Measured Daily Particulate Matter PM2.5 & PM10 Concentrations 2019
80.00
70.00 )
3 60.00
g/m μ
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00 ParticulateMatter Concentration (
10.00
0.00
01/01/2019 08/01/2019 15/01/2019 22/01/2019 29/01/2019 05/02/2019 12/02/2019 19/02/2019 26/02/2019 05/03/2019 12/03/2019 19/03/2019 26/03/2019 02/04/2019 09/04/2019 16/04/2019 23/04/2019 30/04/2019 07/05/2019 14/05/2019 21/05/2019 28/05/2019 04/06/2019 11/06/2019 18/06/2019 25/06/2019 02/07/2019 09/07/2019 16/07/2019 23/07/2019 30/07/2019 06/08/2019 13/08/2019 20/08/2019 27/08/2019 03/09/2019 10/09/2019 17/09/2019 24/09/2019 01/10/2019 08/10/2019 15/10/2019 22/10/2019 29/10/2019 05/11/2019 12/11/2019 19/11/2019 26/11/2019 03/12/2019 10/12/2019 17/12/2019 24/12/2019 31/12/2019
PM2.5 PM10
32 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure A.14 – Measured Ozone (O3) Concentrations 2019
120
100 ) 3 80
60 Concentration(µg/m
3 40 O
20
0
Figure A.15 – Ozone (O3) Trends
60
55
50 3
45
40
35
Concentrationµg/m
3 O 30
25
20 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
33 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019
Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019
3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean X OS Y OS Grid Distance Mid Bias Site ID Grid Ref Ref Corrected Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep Oct - Mid Nov – Time Adjusted (Easting) (Northing) Jul 2019 to 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 Nov 2019 Dec Weighted (0.75) and Nearest 2019 Average Annualised Exposure (1) (2) CB01 571421 205963 47.3 42.4 35.9 51.9 37.3 38.7 31.8 38.6 37.8 40.8 42.2 40.3 30.2 30.2 CB02 571388 205725 36.1 35 28.4 24.7 17 18.3 17.5 16.6 25.5 31.8 34.2 26.3 19.7 17.8 CB08 571383 206926 49.1 49.7 38.4 30.3 33.6 30.3 31.1 29.5 34 40.6 41.7 37.3 28.0 26.0 CB13 569077 207528 33 33.2 23.6 21.5 16.6 18.9 17.8 17.6 18.4 26.6 29.5 23.6 17.7 17.7 CB22 571505 205968 52.3 44.1 39.7 44.9 34.7 34.5 33.5 30.8 36.5 39.2 39 38.8 29.1 29.1 CB22B 571505 205968 51.4 47.2 39.2 Missing 38 34.5 36.2 30.9 39.8 41.3 Missing 39.7 29.8 29.8 CB22C 571505 205968 51.3 40.8 38.3 46.6 34.5 35.1 33.5 31 35.5 43.6 44.4 39.8 29.8 29.8 CB26 571614 205812 35.8 43.8 37.1 38 32.4 33.1 30.3 37.9 34.6 40.1 41.6 37.1 27.8 27.8 CB26B 571614 205812 41.4 43 35.3 33.4 32.1 32.8 30.6 33.2 36.1 39.7 43.3 36.8 27.6 27.6 CB26C 571614 205812 45.1 47.8 36.9 39.6 33.2 32.8 32 32.4 35.1 38.1 44.6 38.1 28.6 28.6 CB27 574080 203469 51.4 49.3 42.9 29.5 35.9 37.1 36.7 43.3 40.2 41.9 51.3 42.1 31.6 31.6 CB27A 574080 203469 50.6 65.8 46.8 34.1 36.8 36.1 36 41.4 40 44.8 52.3 44.3 33.2 33.2 CB27B 574080 203469 43.5 60 44.8 31.9 35.9 36.9 36 49.8 39.5 43.4 32.8 40.7 30.6 30.6 CB31 575265 209975 44.2 43 31 33.3 23.5 23.2 23 24.2 29 36.5 41.1 32.4 24.3 24.3 CB32 571581 207144 42.2 45.8 40.6 35.9 30.5 29.5 28.2 29.6 35.4 41.4 59.1 39.1 29.3 29.3 CB33 570974 207157 50.6 42 40.6 31.6 30.9 28.6 32.9 30.6 36.2 46.2 48.4 38.8 29.1 27.0 CB36 570104 207247 43.3 57.2 31.9 40.5 25.4 31.3 27.9 26.6 32 42.3 50.7 37.9 28.4 26.0 CB38 571640 207179 39.9 47.1 36.8 37.2 28.2 29.3 29 29.2 33 34.8 44.2 35.6 26.7 21.8 CB39 571640 207179 45.1 48.4 31.3 36.5 29.8 31 28.7 29.1 34.5 41.1 39.8 36.2 27.1 22.0 CB40 571640 207179 46.9 41.1 34.1 38.9 27.4 30.4 29 29.9 31.6 39.4 44.1 36.1 27.1 22.0 CB44 570422 207352 33.1 55.8 41.6 38.1 30.9 34.1 31.7 37 36.3 Missing Missing 37.4 28.6 28.6 CB45 571400 205911 39.3 42.3 35.2 35.3 28.1 27.1 26.6 31.6 32 37.7 36.9 34.0 25.5 25.5 CB46 571062 206281 37.3 42.7 30 32.9 29.9 29.6 25.9 22.6 38.5 37 36.8 33.2 24.9 23.9 CB49 571104 206262 37.4 38 28.7 47.2 21.4 21.2 24.6 20.6 27.2 31.4 48.9 32.2 24.2 24.2 CB52 571367 207014 54.9 49.1 35.2 40.2 28 34.4 32.9 33.2 37 38.4 52.5 39.9 29.9 29.9 CB56 571177 206222 37.6 45.8 29.6 31.6 20.6 22.2 22 26.3 25.7 33.8 42.1 31.2 23.4 21.1 CB57 571359 206124 45.5 48 36.9 34.7 33.4 30.7 32.2 32.7 33.3 Missing 40 36.8 27.6 27.6 Erroneous CB58 571476 205964 45.6 56.9 49.1 46 43.2 41.2 Data 42.4 43.6 47.6 49.9 46.8 35.1 35.1 Removed CB61 571445 205631 30.6 32.3 21.6 18.3 13.4 13.8 10.8 12.4 17.5 23.8 26.3 20.3 15.2 15.2
34 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
CB62 566463 210830 23.3 27.9 14.2 12.1 8.9 10.2 8.2 10.1 11.7 17.9 23 15.5 11.7 10.3 CB63 566463 210830 22.9 29.8 12.6 11.8 9.3 10.3 8.3 9.9 13.5 17.7 22.8 15.6 11.7 10.3 CB64 566463 210830 19.9 29.6 11.4 12.6 8.6 10.1 8.7 10.7 12.2 17.3 23.7 15.4 11.5 10.2 CB65 569912 206881 25.4 33 28 27.9 21.4 24.1 21.8 24 28.1 32.5 30.4 27.3 20.5 17.8 CB66 569912 206881 32.7 43.5 30 31.4 22.4 24.9 22.4 27.8 27.6 32.2 Missing 29.4 22.0 18.5 CB67 569912 206881 36.8 35.4 27.8 27 23.2 26 23.1 23.4 26 32.5 35.7 29.2 21.9 18.4 CB68 571382 206092 44.3 33.8 32.6 51.3 34.7 36.5 33.1 31.8 40.7 45.3 Missing 38.6 29.0 29.0 CB68B 571382 206092 48.1 53.7 36.6 59.7 34.1 35.1 33.8 30.3 36 44.8 44.5 41.6 31.2 31.2 CB68C 571382 206092 41.2 48.4 37 46.9 31.4 32.5 29.6 35.1 36.5 44.7 31.4 37.5 28.1 28.1 CB74 570074 207167 39.1 53.1 28.1 48.7 25.6 27.5 28 26.9 30 41.6 39.7 35.7 26.7 26.7 CB76 578506 205122 63.2 71.9 50.4 48.8 42.4 37.4 42.1 43.8 37.6 55.5 49.9 49.5 37.1 37.1 CB76b 578506 205122 51.6 66 52.1 48.3 40.7 Missing 42.1 44.8 44.3 51.6 49.6 49.0 36.7 36.7 CB76c 578506 205122 63.2 56.1 44.9 39.7 37.5 41.6 45.5 42.9 43.3 53 45 46.6 35.0 35.0 CB79 569480 206009 63.2 64.7 43.6 59.1 42.1 47.8 45.6 43.6 50.7 56.1 54.4 52.0 39.0 33.8 CB80 571710 207246 37.8 44 35.3 34.7 28.9 28.5 17.9 28.8 28.3 36.1 39 32.8 24.6 24.6 CB81 571674 207282 48.4 54.1 39.1 32.5 36.1 31.4 32.3 35.9 40.4 Missing 38.6 29.0 24.7 CB82 571438 206966 41.7 47.3 41.4 51 39.4 37.8 37.5 35.8 39.1 42.5 46.4 42.0 31.5 31.5 CB83 571462 206999 52.7 61.4 45.5 50.5 43.1 55.5 44.5 48.9 48.5 53.5 54.1 50.8 38.1 38.1 CB83B 571462 206999 54.1 59.6 47.9 44.8 40.6 48.9 40.6 40.4 31.1 48.8 39 44.7 33.5 33.5 CB83C 571462 206999 50.3 61.5 51.6 44.8 40.8 44.5 43.6 46.4 43.3 49.5 Missing 47.5 35.6 35.6 CB84 571653 205800 47.6 46.8 44.6 29.4 24.5 25.3 30 24.4 30.5 36.1 40.1 34.5 25.9 21.8 CB85 571653 205800 60.3 43.9 33.3 27.3 33.4 24.1 24.8 24.1 27.3 43 52.4 36.8 27.6 22.9 CB86 571653 205800 44.8 38.7 33.1 40.1 24.9 32.9 23.3 26.5 30.1 38.5 42.6 34.4 25.8 21.7 CB87 570444 207044 40.1 Missing 50 54.3 Missing 50.6 49.5 Missing 46.5 54.9 57.3 51.4 39.6 34.7 CB89 571426 206979 57.7 60 48.6 47.3 44.9 43.2 46.3 42.4 46.5 52.1 55.3 49.8 37.4 31.6 CB90 571480 207019 42.9 39.8 34 36 25.8 27.2 27.7 29.2 31.7 38.8 43.6 34.7 26.1 24.4 CB91 578539 205113 54.2 77.3 59.4 50.8 39.3 49.9 51.7 54 49.5 58.5 63.2 55.6 41.7 41.7 CB92 578539 205113 65.7 69.8 44.2 53.8 47.6 55.7 51.6 61.3 50.9 57.8 63.7 56.8 42.6 42.6 CB93 578539 205113 68.6 66.9 59.5 54.1 49.5 52.9 51.5 57.8 50.6 63.2 68.1 58.9 44.2 44.2 CB94 578571 205108 42.7 48.5 36.4 Missing Missing 29.2 27.2 Missing Missing 37.9 34.3 36.2 25.0 27.4 CB95 578415 205106 43.3 49.3 36.3 37.9 32.5 29.7 32.6 27.1 Missing 40 37.6 36.7 27.5 24.0 CB96 578359 205120 47.9 52.8 44 29.5 31.3 32.4 34.7 37.7 38.3 41.8 44.8 39.7 29.8 22.3 CB97 570409 207373 63.5 71.6 48.5 35.4 40.5 44.4 37.8 46.5 47.4 55.1 59.2 50.3 37.7 28.7 CB98 571148 206324 66.3 72.1 60.6 70.6 62.3 56.8 47.2 50.6 55.8 65.1 63.7 61.1 45.8 42.0 CB99A 571211 206274 76 80.1 57.1 52.7 57.4 55.1 54.5 53.6 52.3 62.5 70.1 61.4 46.1 38.0 CB99B 571211 206274 69.6 74 56.6 54.3 49.8 57.6 54.2 54.8 54.7 65.1 68 60.3 45.2 37.4 CB99C 571211 206274 65.6 68.9 60.5 54 53.4 54.2 52.2 51 56.1 69.5 66.5 60.0 45.0 37.3 CB100 571089 207060 36 30.9 24.6 29.9 18.7 23.3 20.2 25.1 30.2 28.1 42.1 28.5 21.4 21.0 CB102 578954 205132 52.4 58.1 51.7 51.6 48.3 53.8 48.2 54.1 48.4 51.6 58.4 52.6 39.4 35.5 CB103A 578477 205111 66.6 64.3 52 49.7 48.4 46.5 45.6 46 42.9 55.1 56.7 52.3 39.3 26.8
35 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
CB103B 578477 205111 60.1 64.6 47 54.1 49.6 46.3 43.9 45.9 42.5 34.5 55 48.8 36.6 25.3 CB103C 578477 205111 44.1 54.5 Missing 50.6 45.8 43.8 47.5 41.5 43.3 46.5 Missing 46.5 34.9 24.4 CB104 577851 205360 46.3 51.5 43 34.4 33.3 37.1 32.9 38.1 33.8 38.5 40.9 38.9 29.2 26.3 CB105 572967 205131 52.2 41.1 34.7 38.7 26 31.6 26.7 25.5 28.3 40.9 49.1 36.5 27.4 27.4 CB107 569977 205234 76.4 Missing 56.5 50.3 46.8 56.3 50.7 51.2 51.8 60.4 56.2 55.5 41.6 N/A CB108 578488 205139 N/A N/A 24.9 20.7 15.1 18.5 17.3 18.4 17.2 25.6 43.4 23.8 17.8 17.8 CB109 570456 207025 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 32.2 N/A 36.8 44.3 45.9 40.8 33.7 33.7 CB110 569982 205264 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 32.4 41.9 37.2 25.4 25.4 CB58 July Erroneous Data Removed 7.4µg/m3 ☒ National bias adjustment factor used All data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.
36 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Automatic Monitoring QA/QC
Chelmsford City Council operates four automatic monitoring sites measuring NO2,
PM10 and O3. Data from these sites is collected by a contractor.
Daily data validation checks are made to ensure the analysers are working correctly and to identify any abnormal readings that may occur. Monitoring data is forwarded to the Council.
The automatic monitoring station equipment is serviced every six months by a contractor who also carries out maintenance callouts when faults are identified.
The nitrogen dioxide analysers are calibrated fortnightly with a certified reference gas. Particulate monitors have their filter tapes changed every two months. All automatic monitoring sites are colocated with triplicate NO2 diffusion tubes.
Data ratification for the analyser contains following processes;
• Applying the scaling factors derived from calibrations, maintenance visits and servicing
• Checking for equipment drift with adjustments made where detected
• Comparison with datasets from other appropriate Essex Air monitoring sites
• Checking for and deletion of erroneous data that can be linked to analyser fault or failure.
Diffusion Tubes QA/QC Chelmsford City Council undertook monitoring using 77 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes at 51 sites in 2019.
During the QA/QC process, the result for the CB58 monitoring site in July was noted 3 as significantly lower than expected at 7.4µg/m . Measured NO2 concentrations at this location are usually much higher and this result is more likely to be due to a faulty diffusion tube. The result was removed from the years dataset.
The diffusion tubes were supplied by Socotec (UKAS Testing Laboratory number 1015) with a preparation method of 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in Acetone.
The AIR NO2 proficiency testing scheme found that the laboratory achieved the following percentage of results determined as satisfactory for 2019:
37 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Table C.1 – AIR PT Results 2019
AIR PT Round AIR PT AR030 AIR PT AR031 AIR PT AR033 AIR PT AR034
Round January – April – May 2019 July – August 2019 September – October conducted in February 2019 2019 the period
Socotec 87.5% 100% 100% 100% Didcot
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Chelmsford City Council uses the national bias adjustment figure for calculating diffusion tubes results. Compared with locally calculated factors, the use of the national factor is a risk averse approach ensuring that monitored concentrations are not underreported.
The Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet 06/20 identified that for Socotec 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes in 2019, a bias adjustment factor of 0.75 should be used. This was derived from orthogonal regression analysis of 38 studies.
Diffusion Tube Calculations In 2019, Chelmsford City Council undertook diffusion tube monitoring for the entire year however this was across 11 periods rather than across 12 monthly periods as recommended by the LAQM Diffusion Tube Calendar.
In this instance, it is more appropriate to calculate the annual results using a time weighted calculation instead of an annual mean calculation. The process for calculating the annual results and valid data capture was based on exposure hours.
Table C.2 - Diffusion Tube Exposure Periods Exposure Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct – Mid Period 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 Mid Nov to Nov Dec 2019 2019
Exposure 624 696 648 696 840 648 888 696 648 1176 1200 Hours
Point Sources
No significant new point sources of emissions have been identified.
38 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council NO2 Fall Off Estimation
Diffusion tube monitoring shown in Table B.1 in Appendix B has been adjusted for NO2 falloff between the monitoring location and the point of relevant exposure.
Using the equation taken from the NO2 Fall Off With Distance Calculator, a custom
Excel spreadsheet has been developed to derive the NO2 concentrations at relevant exposure. This calculator uses background concentrations taken from the 2017 NO2 background maps, measured annual mean concentrations and distances between the kerb, monitor and relevant exposure.
Estimated Annual Mean at Relevant Exposure:
Cz = ((Cy-Cb) / (-0.5476 x Ln(Dy) + 2.7171)) x (-0.5476*Ln(Dz)+2.7171) + Cb
Where:
Cz is the total predicted concentration (μg/m3) at distance Dz;
Cy is the total measured concentration (μg/m3) at distance Dy;
Cb is the background concentration (μg/m3);
Dy is the distance from the kerb at which concentrations were measured;
Dz is the distance from the kerb (m) at which concentrations are to be predicted; and
Ln(D) is the natural log of the number D
Seasonal Adjustments Diffusion tubes with less than 75% valid capture have been adjusted using data from four regional sites:
• St Osyth (AURN rural background site)
• Rochester (AURN rural background site)
• Chignal St James (Chelmsford City Council rural background site)
• Southend (AURN urban background site)
Table C.3 – Annualisation Calculations Time Weighted Bias Adjusted & Annualisation Annualised Site ID Annual Annualised Factor Annual Mean Concentration Annual Mean
CB44 37.35 1.02 38.10 28.57 CB94 36.19 0.92 33.29 24.97 CB109 40.80 1.10 44.88 33.66 CB110 37.20 0.91 33.85 25.39
39 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Table C.4 – NO2 Fall-Off Calculator Bias Distanc Distance Adjusted Distance e to Correcte & Annual to kerb of Relevan d to Site ID Site Name Annualis Mean nearest t Nearest ed Background road (m) Exposu Exposure Annual (2) re (m) (1) (2) Mean 12 Van Diemans CB01 30.23 14.56 12.00 0.00 30.23 Road 3 Moulsham CB02 19.75 14.56 2.50 9.30 17.76 Chase 109 Balmoral CB08 28.00 17.12 3.00 3.00 26.05 Ct. 60 Roxwell CB13 17.71 12.73 16.00 0.00 17.71 Road 95 Baddow CB22/22B/22C 29.56 14.56 8.00 0.00 29.56 Road 214 Baddow CB26/26B/26C 28.00 14.56 5.00 0.00 28.60 Road Howe Green CB27/27B/27C 31.77 14.79 18.00 0.00 31.77 Interchange Main Road, CB31 24.30 13.27 5.00 0.00 24.30 Boreham CB32 2 Abbots Place 29.32 15.73 5.00 0.00 24.30 CB33 Victoria Road 29.11 17.43 3.00 3.00 27.01 2 Rainsford CB36 28.42 17.43 1.00 2.00 25.99 Lane CB38/39/40 Prison 26.95 15.73 3.00 14.00 21.91 CB44 Lyttleton House 28.57 17.43 11.00 0.00 28.57 32 Van Diemans CB45 25.47 14.56 11.00 0.00 25.47 Road 32 Rochford CB46 24.91 17.125 3.00 2.00 23.88 Road 26 Rochford CB49 24.17 24.17 24.17 24.17 24.17 Road Penpol, Victoria CB52 29.92 29.92 29.92 29.92 29.92 Road 52 Goldlay CB56 23.37 23.37 23.37 23.37 23.37 Road Goldlay House, CB57 27.57 27.57 27.57 27.57 27.57 Parkway 148 Baddow CB58 35.11 35.11 35.11 35.11 35.11 Road CB61 10 Fraser Close 15.21 15.21 15.21 15.21 15.21 CB62/63/64 Chignal 11.65 9.164083 43.00 40.00 10.29 CB65/66/67 Fire Station 21.45 15.55 2.50 20.00 18.24 CB68/68B/68C Goldlay Avenue 29.42 17.12 12.00 0 29.42 South Primrose CB74 26.74 17.43 4.00 0.00 26.74 Hill 5/7 Maldon CB76/76B/76C 36.26 11.19 1.00 0.00 36.26 Road, Danbury 8 Waterhouse CB79 38.97 15.55 1.00 2.00 33.78 Lane 208 Springfield CB80 24.62 15.726 3.00 0.00 24.62 Road
40 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
CB81 2/4 Arbour Lane 28.96 15.726 1.00 4.00 24.67
122 Springfield CB82 31.51 17.125 4.00 0.00 31.51 Road 134/136 CB83/83B/83C 35.77 17.12 3.00 0.00 35.77 Springfield Road Baddow Road CB84/85/86 26.44 14.56 5.10 12.00 22.13 AQMS
CB87 Bus Station 39.55 17.432 3.00 4.00 34.70#
135 Springfield CB89 37.35 17.125 0.50 2.00 31.60 Road 144 Springfield CB90 26.05 15.726 2.00 2.00 24.37 Road 26 Maldon CB91/92/93 42.83 11.19 1.00 0.00 42.83 Road, Danbury Copt Hill, CB94 24.97 11.194 2.80 -1.40 27.40 Danbury Eves Corner, CB95 27.53 11.194 2.00 3.00 24.02 Danbury Heathcote CB96 School, Main 29.77 11.194 0.25 3.00 22.27 Road, Danbury Broomfield Road Junction CB97 (Opposite 78 37.74 17.432 1.00 8.00 28.75 Broomfield Road) Rear of 66 CB98 45.84 17.12 3.00 2.00 42.04 Baddow Road Rear of 74 CB99/99B/99C 45.43 17.12 1.25 3.40 37.58 Baddow Road CB100 Waterloo Lane 21.41 15.73 3.00 1.00 20.99 Maldon Road Junction w/ The CB102 39.43 11.19 1.00 1.00 35.49 Avenue, Danbury Opposite Myra CB103A/103B/103C Cottage Maldon 36.90 11.19 1.00 8.00 25.52 Road, Danbury Main Road CB104 29.16 11.29 2.00 2.00 26.26 Danbury Maldon Road CB105 27.37 14.18 1.00 0.00 27.37 Great Baddow Opposite 28 CB107 41.65 15.26 1.00 N/A N/A Wood Street Blacksmiths CB108 Cottage, Maldon 17.81 11.19 19.00 0.00 17.81 Road, Danbury Adjacent to CB109 Anytime Fitness, 33.66 17.43 1.00 0.00 33.66# Viaduct Road Adjacent to 25 CB110 25.39 15.26 1.00 0.00 25.39 Wood Street # Receptor at first floor and concentrations likely to be lower than estimated.
41 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs Figure D.1 - Army & Navy AQMA Monitoring Legend
Site ID X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref CM4 571654 205798 CB01 571421 205963 CB02 571388 205725 CB2/22B/22C 571505 205968 CB26/26B/26B 571614 205812 CB45 571400 205911 CB46 571062 206281 CB49 571104 206262 CB56 571177 206222 CB57 571359 206124 CB58 571476 205964 CB61 571445 205631 CB68/68B/68C 571382 206092 CB98 571148 206324 CB99A/99B/99C 571211 206274
42 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure D.2 – Boreham Monitoring Legend
Site ID X OS Grid Y OS Grid Ref Ref
CB31 575265 209975
43 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure D.3 – Chignal St James Monitoring Legend
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Site ID Ref Ref
CM1 566463 210830 CM62/63/64 566463 210830
44 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure D.4 – A414 Maldon Road, Danbury AQMA Monitoring Legend
Y OS Grid Site ID X OS Grid Ref Ref
CB76/76B/76 578506 205122 C CB91/92/93 578538 205114 CB94 578570 205107 CB95 578408 205106 CB96 578363 205119 CB103A/103B 578476 205110 /103C
45 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure D.5 – A414 Main Road, Danbury Monitoring Legend
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Site ID Ref Ref
CB104 577850 205360
46 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Figure D.6 – A414 Maldon Road, Danbury Monitoring Legend
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Site ID Ref Ref
CB102 578954 205131
47 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure D7 – Howe Green Monitoring Legend
Site ID X OS Y OS Grid Grid Ref Ref
CB27/27B/27C 574080 203469
48 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure D.8 – Springfield Road Monitoring Legend
Site ID X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref
CM2 571640 207179
CB08 571383 206926
CB32 571581 207144
CB38/39/40 571640 207179
CB52 571367 207014 CB80 571710 207246 CB81 571674 207282
CB82 571438 206966
CB83/83B/83C 571462 206999
49 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure D.9 – West Chelmsford Monitoring Legend
X OS Y OS Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref
CM3 569912 206881 CB13 569077 207528 CB36 570104 207247 CB65/65/6 569912 206881 7 CB79 569480 206008 CN87 570444 207044 CB97 570409 207373 CB107 569976 205233 CB109 570456 207024 CB110 569982 205263
50 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure D.10 – Great Baddow Monitoring Legend
Y OS X OS Site ID Grid Grid Ref Ref
CB105 572967 205131
51 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England
Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective4 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year
Table E.2 – Examples of Where the Air Quality Objectives Should Apply
5 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Air Quality Objective Averaging Period Objectives should not Objectives should apply at: generally apply at: Building façades of offices or other places of work where members of the public do not have regular access. Hotels, unless people All locations where members of live there as their the public might be regularly permanent residence. Annual Mean exposed. Building façades of Gardens of residential (40 µg/m3) residential properties, schools, properties. hospitals, care homes etc. Kerbside sites (as opposed to locations at the building façade), or any other location where public exposure is expected to be short term.
4 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3). 5 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).
52 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
5 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Air Quality Objective Averaging Period Objectives should not Objectives should apply at: generally apply at: 1-hour Mean (200 All locations where the annual µg/m3 not to be mean and: 24 and 8-hour mean exceeded more objectives apply. Kerbside sites than 18 times a (for example, pavements of year) busy shopping streets). Those parts of car parks, bus stations Kerbside sites where It can be and railway stations etc. which the public would not be considered that are not fully enclosed, where expected to have exceedances of the members of the public might regular access. NO2 1-hour reasonably be expected to objective may spend one hour or more. Any occur at roadside outdoor locations where sites if the annual members of the public might mean is above reasonably expected to spend 60µg/m3 one hour or longer.
53 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Appendix F: Chelmsford City Council AQMA Orders
Figure F.1 - Army and Navy Air Quality Management Area (Amendment) Order 2012
54 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
55 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
Figure F.2 - A414 Maldon Road, Danbury Air Quality Management Order 2018
56 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
57 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council Glossary of Terms
Abbreviation Description
AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives ASR Air Quality Annual Status Report AURN The Automatic Urban and Rural Network is the UK's largest automatic monitoring network and is the main network used for compliance reporting against the Ambient Air Quality Directives
BAM Beta Attenuation Monitor. a widely used air monitoring technique employing the absorption of beta radiation by solid particles extracted from air flow. This technique allows for the detection of PM10 and PM2.5 Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DVSA Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency EU European Union EV Electric Vehicle HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle LAQM Local Air Quality Management
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
O3 Ozone
PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less
PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less PSV Public Service Vehicle QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control SELEP South East Local Enterprise Partnership TEA Triethanolamine. The absorbing substance used in diffusion tubes measuring Nitrogen Dioxide UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service
58 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chelmsford City Council
References airTEXT Twitter for Chelmsford available at; airTEXT signup web page available at; http://www.airtext.info/signup Bradwell B Stage One – Consultation Summary Document available at; https://bradwellb.co.uk/wp- content/uploads/2020/03/Summary-document.pdf Chelmsford City Council 2019 Air Quality Annual Status Report available at; http://www.essexair.org.uk/Reports/Chelmsford_2019_ASR.pdf Chelmsford City Council Draft Local Plan – Air Quality Impact Assessment available at; http://www.essexair.org.uk/Reports/ChelmsfordDraftLocalPlanAQIA.pdf Chelmsford City Council New Local Plan available at; https://www.chelmsford.gov.uk/planning-and- building-control/planning-policy-and-new-local-plan/new-local-plan/ Chelmsford Growth Package Volume 1 https://www.essexhighways.org/uploads/CCGP/CCGP_Vol1_Web.pdf Chelmsford City Growth Package Volume 5 https://www.essexhighways.org/uploads/CCGP/CCGP_Vol5_Web.pdf Chelmsford Future Transport Network available at; https://www.essexhighways.org/highway-schemes- and-developments/major-schemes/chelmsford-future-transport-network.aspx Defra Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/national-bias.html
Defra LAQM Summary of Laboratory Performance in AIR NO2 PT Scheme available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/tubeprecision2019version0319finalfull.pdf Defra Nitrogen Dioxide Fall-Off with Distance Calculator available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools- monitoring-data/no2-falloff.html DVSA Smoky Vehicle Reporting Service available at; https://www.gov.uk/report-smoky-vehicle Defra PG.16 Air Quality Policy Guidance available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM- PG16-April-16-v1.pdf Defra TG.16 Air Quality Technical Guidance available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM- TG16-February-18-v1.pdf Essex Air Twitter Feed available at; https://twitter.com/essexair EssexCarShare.com available at; https://essex.liftshare.com/ Essex County Council Local Transport Plan available at; http://www.essexhighways.org/Transport- and-Roads/Highway-Schemes-and-Developments/Local-Transport-Plan.aspx Essex County Council Major Schemes available at; http://www.essexhighways.org/highway-schemes- and-developments/major-schemes.aspx Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 available at; http://www.phoutcomes.info/ UK-AIR Background Mapping Data for Local Authorities available at; https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps?year=2015
UK and EU Air Quality Limits available at; https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/air-pollution/uk-eu-limits
59 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020