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Richard, Robert (2010) an Examination of the Life and Career of Rev William Mcgill (1732-1807): Controversial Ayr Theologian

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Richard, Robert (2010) an Examination of the Life and Career of Rev William Mcgill (1732-1807): Controversial Ayr Theologian Richard, Robert (2010) An examination of the life and career of Rev William McGill (1732-1807): controversial Ayr theologian. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1432/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] An examination of the life and career of William McGill (1732-1807), Controversial Ayr Theologian Submited in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Robert Richard University of Glasgow December 2009 2 The idea for this thesis was initially suggested to me by Prof Ian Hazlett. It has been a privilege to have had Prof Hazlett as my supervisor at Glasgow from Honours through Masters, and now Doctoral levels. At all times he has been assiduous, patient, and inspiring in guiding me through the various processes involved. I will always be very grateful for all the help and support he has offered, without which this work would never have been possible. As a native of Ayrshire, the career of the Rev William McGill was a natural source of interest. During the lengthy period of research involved I received a variety of helpful leads and suggestions from a number of employees based in different local libraries. This thesis is dedicated to my family. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction p.4 1. The emergence of “Socinianism” p.22 2. Tensions in the Scottish church in the eighteenth century p.46 3. Scotland: Social and Political Background p.102 4. The wider picture: England and Ireland p.131 5. The local scene: Ayrshire 1750-1800 p.172 6. The Emergence of McGill‟s Profile and Reaction p.194 7. McGill‟s Practical Essay and the influence of Priestley, Lardner and Taylor p.202 8. Responses to McGill: A Review of his opponents p.233 9. The Impact and Resonance McGill‟s Thought p.323 Postscript p.351 Conclusion p.357 Bibliography p.365 4 INTRODUCTION I) McGill‘s Life William McGill was the fifth and youngest child of William McGill (senior), and Jean Heron. Following his early education at Monigaff and Penninghame he attended the University of Glasgow, graduating with an MA in 1753. Initially licensed by the Presbytery of Wigtown in 1759, he moved to Kilwinning in Ayrshire as assistant minister (1760), and was then ordained to the Old Kirk of Ayr the following year, as associate minister to William Dalrymple (1723-1814). McGill was later awarded a DD by the University of Glasgow in 1785, following the publication of his Five Single Sermons (1773 1st edition).1 From his marriage to Elizabeth Dunlop, daughter of an Ayr merchant (and niece of Dalrymple), McGill gained a substantial sum of money of around £700. Unfortunately this money, having been deposited in the Bank of Ayr (established 1769), was lost following the bank‟s failure in 1772. However, McGill did secure some further (though limited) income through his welcoming of boarders into the manse.2 Prior to his death from asthma in 1807, McGill appears to have been beset by tragedy. Of his family of eight children only three survived, one of whom it had been found necessary to place in a lunatic asylum.3 In the Autobiography of C.D.Gairdner (1861) McGill was described as: Universally beloved by his people on account of his piety and dutiful attention to the parish and his affectionate interest in the young people 1 Hew Scott. Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae: The Succession of Ministers in the Church of Scotland from the Reformation, Vol 3 (Edinburgh, 1868), pp.12-13. Also John McIntosh „William McGill‟ in Oxford National Dictionary of Biography (online) (afterwards referred to as „DNB‟) [accessed 11th December 2008] 2 Thomas Murray, The Literary History of Galloway (Edinburgh, 1832), p.203. 3 Murray, History of Galloway, p.211. 5 connected with the church….with a wonderful simplicity of character which made him a friend to everyone, his company was attractive to persons of every grade of society, and his conversations and repartee were so racy and amusing as to cause universal mirth.4 A man of some stature (around six feet tall),5 McGill was also described as an „eccentric‟ by a local historian, Rev Kirkwood Hewat. Although studious, he was a keen year round golfer, playing: “without the omission of a single weekday except the three in which there are religious services at the time of communion”.6 In an interesting letter written by McGill (although unfortunately it does not state to whom it was addressed) he outlined his admiration for the work of Rev. Archibald Alison, entitled: Essays On the Nature and Principles of Taste (which was first published around 1790) and which concerned psychology and natural theology. Here McGill attributes to the work: “a great elegance and purity of style which disclose in their author an uncommon share of sensibility which I consider a valuable addition to the philosophy of the human mind”. Moreover it “illustrates several important principles in the science of human nature”.7 Alison was a well respected preacher and writer, who was acquainted with leading Moderates such as Adam Ferguson (1723-1816), William Robertson (1721-93), and Hugh Blair (1718-1800), as well as Adam Smith. That McGill was reading a work of psychology and natural theology is illustrative of his literary habits, in addition to the variety of works to which the Ayr Library Society afforded him access. Although the Practical Essay was „allowed‟ to circulate for some two years without any action being taken by the church courts, the matter which instigated an 4 The Autobiography of C.D.Gairdner. Auchans. Written at the suggestion of and revised by the Earl of Eglinton, June 1861 (Kilmarnock, 1902), p.8. 5 Murray, History of Galloway, p.213. 6 Cited in Annie I.Dunlop, The Royal Burgh of Ayr: Seven Hundred and Fifty Years of History, (Edinburgh, 1953 ) p.120. 7 William McGill, A Letter on the Plays of Archibald Alison (Ayr, 1790) 6 examination of its doctrine was the sermon8 preached by McGill against William Peebles (1753-1826), minister of Newton-on-Ayr, in which he openly challenged subscription to the Westminster Confession of Faith. As will be discussed in the course of this thesis, McGill did expound clearly framed Socinian opinions in his work, particularly with regard to the nature of the Atonement, which were, of course, a serious breach of the accepted standards of the day. Following a rather protracted case through the various courts of the church from Presbytery, Synod and finally General Assembly level, McGill offered an „apology‟ for his Essay. However, as evidenced by the later „Declaration of Doctrine‟9 offered by the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr, it was apparent that, despite the lack of censure, the local courts were not prepared to go along with McGill‟s teachings. In addition the response from the Burgher and Anti-Burgher factions of the Secession churches, and the anger felt at the outcome of the McGill case, would be instrumental in their move towards Voluntaryism10 in the early nineteenth century. McGill has been well known to aficionados of the Ayrshire poet Robert Burns due to his work entitled The Kirk‟s Alarm (1786): Orthodox, Orthodox, who believe in John Knox, Let me sound an alarm to your conscience, There‟s a heretic blast been blawn I‟ the west, That what is not sense must be nonsense, Orthodox!, that what is not sense must be nonsense. Doctor Mac, Doctor Mac, ye should stretch on a rack, To strike evil-doers wi‟ terror; 8 William McGill, The Benefits of the Revolution: A Sermon Preached at Ayr on the 5th November 1788, to which are added Remarks on a Sermon, Preached on the same day at Newton Upon Ayr; very necessary for all the Readers of the said sermon (Kilmarnock, 1788) 9 and printed in the Scots Magazine 53 pp. 592-3. 10 Voluntaryism was an opposition to the establishment of the National church by the state. Rather, it believed that congregations of the church should provide funds for the ministry from „voluntary‟ financial contributions. See for instance G.F.C.Jenkins „Voluntaryism‟ in Nigel Cameron (ed) Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, (Edinburgh, 1993) (afterwards referred to as „DSCH‟), p.847. 7 To join Faith and Sense, upon any pretence, Was heretic, damnable error, Doctor Mac! Twas heretic, damnable error11 It is indeed difficult for the modern day reader to access The Kirk‟s Alarm without being au fait with the main protagonists in the McGill case, as David Daiches suggests.12 In addition to the work of Burns, the McGill case was well covered in the pages of the Scots Magazine, The Glasgow Mercury, The Caledonian Mercury, and The Glasgow and Edinburgh Advertisers. Mention was also made of McGill in the 66th English Review. II) Socinian Theology Socinian theology regarded Christ as being a mortal (although brought into existence by the work of the Holy Spirit, and born to the Virgin Mary). His glorification, by which manner he became a high priest, occurred only after his resurrection and ascension.
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