Hunan Flood Management Sector Project (Yongzhou City Core Subproject)

Initial Environmental Examination

July 2005

People’s Republic of China: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project (Yongzhou City Core Subproject)

Prepared by SOGREAH Consultants for the Hunan Provincial Project Management Office and the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

PEOPLE REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

HUNAN WATER RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT

HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT

TA 4324-PRC

YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

JULY 2005 13401501.R4(E1)

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND CONTEXT AND REPORT OBJECTIVES ...... 1 1.2. HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT - OVERVIEW...... 2 1.3. YONGZHOU URBAN FLOOD CONTROL CORE SUBPROJECT ...... 3 1.3.1. OVERVIEW...... 3 1.3.2. SUBPROJECT PROPONENT...... 5

2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 8 2.1. PRC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 8 2.1.1. KEY LAWS, GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES...... 8 2.1.2. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER PRC REGULATIONS...... 9 2.2. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 9 2.3. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER A SECTOR MODALITY...... 10 2.4. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER ADB REQUIREMENTS ...... 10 2.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION...... 10 2.4.2. PROJECT REVIEW PROCESS ...... 10 2.4.3. SUBPROJECT REVIEW PROCESS...... 11

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE YONGZHOU CORE SUBPROJECT...... 12 3.1. TYPE, RATIONALE AND PURPOSE ...... 12 3.2. PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 12 3.3. LOCATION...... 13 3.4. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 18 3.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION ...... 18 3.5.1. DIKES ...... 18 3.5.2. DRAINAGE PUMP STATIONS...... 19 3.5.3. SLUICE GATES...... 20 3.5.4. FLOOD DIVERSION CHANNELS ...... 20 3.5.5. PROTECTION OF SLOPES, TOE AND CREST...... 20 3.5.6. RIVER BANK PROTECTION AND TREATMENT...... 20 3.5.7. BORROW PITS ...... 22 3.5.8. BUDGET...... 22 3.5.9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 23

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT...... 24 4.1. PHYSICAL RESOURCES...... 24 4.1.1. TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS ...... 24 4.1.2. GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY ...... 24 4.1.3. CLIMATE ...... 25 4.1.4. SURFACE WATER...... 25 4.1.5. GROUNDWATER...... 26

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4.1.6. AIR QUALITY...... 27 4.2. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES...... 28 4.2.1. VEGETATION...... 28 4.2.2. TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC WILDLIFE...... 28 4.2.3. FISHERIES...... 28 4.2.4. RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ...... 28 4.2.5. PROTECTED AREAS...... 28 4.3. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...... 29 4.3.1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...... 29 4.3.2. ECONOMIC PROFILE...... 29 4.3.3. POVERTY PROFILE ...... 29 4.3.4. MINORITY PROFILE...... 30 4.3.5. ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL PROFILE ...... 30

5. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION...... 31 5.1. APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING...... 31 5.2 SITING ...... 42 5.2.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT...... 42 5.2.2 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION...... 43 5.2.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES...... 43 5.2.4 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES...... 44 5.2.5 TRANSPORTATION...... 44 5.2.6 MINERAL RESOURCES...... 44 5.2.7 PUBLIC FACILITIES...... 45 5.3 CONSTRUCTION ...... 45 5.3.1 HYDROLOGY...... 45 5.3.2 WATER QUALITY...... 45 5.3.3 SOLID WASTE...... 47 5.3.4 AIR QUALITY...... 48 5.3.5 NOISE...... 48 5.3.6 FLORA...... 49 5.3.7 FAUNA...... 50 5.3.8 AQUATIC LIFE...... 51 5.3.9 PUBLIC SAFETY...... 51 5.4 OPERATION ...... 52 5.4.1 HYDROLOGY...... 52 5.4.2 WATER QUALITY...... 54 5.4.3 AIR QUALITY...... 54 5.4.4 FLORA AND FAUNA ...... 54 5.4.5 TRANSPORTATION...... 55 5.4.6 PUBLIC SAFETY...... 55

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 56 6.1. BENEFICIARY IDENTIFICATION...... 56

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6.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES ...... 56

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 60 7.1 EMP DEVELOPMENT AND PURPOSE ...... 60 7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATIONS...... 60 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING...... 61 7.3.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING...... 61 7.3.2 AMBIENT MONITORING...... 61 7.4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 61 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACTOR(S) ...... 62 7.6 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS ...... 62 7.7 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION...... 62

8. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 65 8.1. FINDINGS ...... 65 8.2. RECOMMENDATIONS...... 66

9. CONCLUSION ...... 67

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Summary of 36 Subproject Key Characteristics ...... 4

Table 3-1: Summary of the Yongzhou Subproject Key Characteristics...... 13 Table 3-2: Key Characteristic of the Proposed Pumping Stations...... 20 Table 3-3: Drainage Gate Characteristics...... 21 Table 3-4: Flood Diversion Channel Characteristics ...... 22 Table 3-5: Cost Estimates for Yongzhou City Urban Flood Control Subproject ...... 23

Table 4-1: Basic Parameters, Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), National Standards of the People's Republic of China...... 27 Table 4-1: Poverty Population in Zhishan and Lengshuitan Districts (2003) (1,000) ...... 29

Table 5-1: Screening of Potential Impacts on Natural and Social Environment ...... 32 Table 5-2: Water Surface Level for 1 in 50 year Flood, Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui Rivers at Yongzhou City ...... 53

Table 6-1: Public Consultation and Participation Activities (Provincial and Yongzhou Subproject)..... 57 Table 6-2: Project Positive Impacts Identified by Different Groups of Beneficiaries...... 59

Table 7-1: Estimated EMP Budget, Yongzhou Subproject ...... 63

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Core and Non-core Subproject Locations, Hunan Flood Management Project...... 7

Figure 3-1: Yongzhou City Layout and Land Use ...... 14 Figure 3-2: Yongzhou Subproject Layout ...... 16

Figure 5-1: Water Surface Profile for Xiangjiang River –With and Without Subproject...... 52

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Site Photoplates APPENDIX 2: Site Visits

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CCO Chief Compliance Officer CO Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen demand DO Dissolved Oxygen EA Executing Agency EFI Environmental Field Inspector EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau ESD Environmental and Social Division ESIHP Environmental Science Institute of Hunan Province FSP Facilities Siting Plan FSR Feasibility Study Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GOC Government of China HEPB Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau HHPDI Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute HPG Hunan Provincial Government IEE Initial Environmental Examination JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation LLG Local Leading Group Mu Area unit (mu) equivalent to 1/15 ha NDPC National Development Planning Committee NGO Non-Government Organization NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide PDRC Provincial Development and Reform Commission PFD Provincial Finance Department PIU Project Implementation Unit PLG Project Leading Group

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PMO Project Management Office (Subproject level) PPMO Provincial Project Management Office PRC People’s Republic of China PWRD Provincial Water Resources Department RP Resettlement Plan SEIA Subproject Environmental Impact Area SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPIA Social/Poverty Impact Assessment SS Suspended Solids SSA Subproject Study Area TA Technical Assistance TN Total Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorous TSP Total Suspend Particulates

CURRENCIES

CNY = RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8.27 CNY

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ADDENDUM:

This document was completed in April 2005, several months prior to loan fact finding (LFF - June 2005). During LFF it was agreed that the overall project loan would be capped at $200 million. In addition, further detail was requested on some environmental aspects. Therefore, this report should be read with the understanding that changes agreed at LFF stage have not been incorporated into this document.

The additional work to revise this and the other Project environmental reports will be completed by the PPTA environmental team under a separately supported ADB staff consultancy. Updated reports will be produced in August 2005 that will contain:

1. Updated costs in view of adjustments to the project with a capped ADB loan of $200 million for all participating subprojects;

2. Additional detail on proposed mitigation actions and responsibilities; and

3. A more detailed site specific environmental management plan (EMP), based on additional survey work to be undertaken by Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute.

Revisions will be made to the consolidated IEE, SIEE, EMP, and to selected core subproject IEEs. These revisions will draw heavily on the earlier PPTA Core Subproject IEE reports and the overall Project consolidated reports, but will be strengthened by the inclusion of more substantive detail as called for at the loan fact finding. The presentation of additional survey data that was only recently made available and the completed overall project domestic EIA, now being finalized by ESI, will be major inputs into the revision process.

Ben Hallam

PPTA Team Leader, June 27, 2005.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND CONTEXT AND REPORT OBJECTIVES

T.A. No. 4324-PRC: Hunan Flood Management Project (the TA) is assisting the Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) in (i) reviewing, assessing and identifying the most cost effective flood protection measures for the four mountain rivers of Hunan Province; (ii) preparing a feasibility study for respective subprojects; and, (iii) formulating a project for improved flood management in the four mountain rivers for funding by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The objectives of the TA are:

- prepare a Feasibility Study Report, including an assessment of the financial, economic, social and environmental impacts of the Project in accordance with policies and guidelines of the Asian Development Bank (ADB);

- formulate the Hunan Flood Management Project (the loan project, hereafter referred to as the Project) to reduce flood hazards and damages in the mountainous area of Hunan Province, including improving flood management within the context of integrated river basin management; and,

- prepare a final report that includes updated / strengthened subproject feasibility study reports for selected subproject locations, and a consolidated final report covering overall feasibility, environmental impact, resettlement plans, and financial and economic analyses.

Under the Structural Flood Control Component of the proposed Project 36 urban flood control subprojects have been identified by HPG. The Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute (HHPDI) has developed initial feasibility studies for each subproject. As the proposed Project will be implemented under a sector type approach1, eight priority core subprojects will be developed in full to the ADB-standard feasibility level during the TA implementation. These are:

(i) Yongzhou City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(ii) Wugang City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(iii) Loudi City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(iv) Leiyang City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(v) Chenxi City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(vi) Huaihua City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(vii) Xinhua Urban Flood Control Subproject; and,

(viii) Sangzhi City Urban Flood Control Subproject.

1 Asian Development Bank Aide Memoire, November 2004

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The remaining subprojects will be developed to feasibility level during the Project implementation.

The selection of the core subprojects was based on size of investment, geographical representation of the watersheds in the province, severity of environmental and resettlement impact, severity and types of flooding, types of proposed flood protection measures, and impact on indigenous peoples, and poverty impact.

In accordance with the environmental requirements of the ADB as detailed later in this report, an Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) is being prepared for each subproject. This report presents the IEE for the Wugang City Urban Flood Control Subproject (the Subproject).

The purpose of this IEE report with respect to the proposed Subproject is to:

(i) describe the PRC and ADB environmental assessment processes under which the overall Project and this subproject have been reviewed;

(ii) describe the baseline environmental and socioeconomic setting of the Subproject study area;

(iii) describe the proposed Subproject interventions;

(iv) undertake a screening to identify proposed Subproject interventions that may result in significant environmental impacts;

(v) predict and assess characteristics and magnitude of impacts for those interventions identified in the screening that may result in negative environmental impacts;

(vi) recommend appropriate mitigation measures to minimize negative potential impacts, and predict and assess residual impacts; and,

(vii) describe the public consultation process undertaken.

As noted in Section 2.4 below a separate consolidated IEE, a separate consolidated summary IEE and a separate consolidated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have also been prepared for the overall Project.

1.2. HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT - OVERVIEW

The proposed Project will support the HPG to reduce flood damage in the mountainous areas by improving flood mitigation measures for the most affected municipalities and counties.

The overall goal of the proposed Project is to: - reduce flooding and flood hazards in the mountainous area of Hunan Province by improving flood management within a context of integrated river basin management.

The purpose of the proposed Project is to: - strengthen, improve and bring to a consistent standard the flood management measures in four tributaries of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province.

The development objective of the proposed Project is:

(i) to improve urban flood control and to counteract natural calamities in the mountainous areas of Hunan Province;

(ii) to protect life and property and improve safety for the people; and,

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(iii) to ensure the social stability and advancement through reliable economic development.

The Project will invest in flood management in the Xiangjiang, Zishui, Yuanjiang and Lishui River Basins, collectively termed the ‘Mountain Rivers’, which deliver runoff from the mountainous areas of Hunan to Dongting Lake. These Mountain Rivers generate short duration localized floods, characterized by a steady rise and fall of water levels in the river sections as a flood wave passes down the river. These elevated flood levels generally persist for no more than two or three days, except in the lower reaches where the period may extend to 5 days. Despite the mountainous conditions, tending to low hills in the middle catchment, the rivers generally have a shallow gradient through the heavily populated areas, with substantive floodplains within the otherwise narrow valleys which characterize the river systems. Consequently, the typical pattern of settlement adjacent to the rivers is narrow elongated development areas, with older high density residential, commercial and industrial areas in the flat lowlands. This tends to have constricted the natural floodplain characteristics for the river, and these areas are now subjected to short term but increasingly frequent flooding. The characteristic behavior of these Mountain Rivers means that the settled communities suffer from more frequent and often more extensive flood impacts, which causes loss of life and severe disruption to the livelihoods of affected peoples. By virtue of their location and dependence on agriculture, many are the poorest of the poor.

The proposed Project contains thirty-six (36) subprojects located in eight municipalities (Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, Chenzhou, Huaihua and Loudi); Jishou City which is the capital of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture; five county-level cities; and twenty- two counties2. These cities and counties are all located in either the eastern, southern and western mountainous regions, or in the central region which generally consists of low hills.

The proposed Project also includes a non-structural component that will enhance non-structural flood management in Hunan, including providing training and technical assistance to strengthen data collections systems, flood forecasting, and flood emergency warning systems.

Table 1-1 summarizes the 36 subproject key features under the Structural Flood Control Component of the proposed Project.

1.3. YONGZHOU URBAN FLOOD CONTROL CORE SUBPROJECT

1.3.1. OVERVIEW

Yongzhou City lies in the south of Hunan Province at the junction of the Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui Rivers. Its urban area is divided into two districts: Zhishan and Lengshuitan. The total length of the Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui rivers flowing through the urban area is 64 km.

Existing flood control standards in Yongzhou City are low, and the total length of dikes along the two rivers within the city is only 10.14 km. The dikes are also of relatively low quality and provide limited flood protection.

The proposed Yongzhou Urban Flood Control Subproject will provide flood protection through the construction of dikes, a drainage diversion channel, sluice culverts, pumping stations, and a traffic access culvert. The flood protection works are designed for a 1 in 50 year return period flood, while the drainage pumping works are designed for a 1 in 10 year return period 24 hour storm to be evacuated in 24 hours.

2 The terms “county” and “municipality” are sometimes used interchangeably with the term “city” in the initial Chinese feasibility studies and in other Chinese Project-related documents. It should be understood that all subprojects are focused on specific and defined urban areas for which the generic term “city” is appropriate, regardless of whether this is referring to a prefecture-level, municipal-level or county-level city.

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TABLE 1-1: SUMMARY OF THE 36 SUBPROJECT KEY CHARACTERISTICS

No Name City Type River Earth Floodwall Culverts Pumping Basin Dikes Dikes (No.) Stations (Km) (Km) (No.) 8 Core Subproject to start in Year 0 (2005) 1 Yongzhou M X 21.50 23.37 16 6 2 Wugang C Z 5.47 10.76 14 4 3 Loudi M X 30.91 5.89 19 2 4 Leiyang C X 11.29 1.05 5 0 5 Chengxi C Y 0.00 0.73 3 1 6 Huaihua M Y 13.39 9.64 10 4 7 Xinhua C Z 12.25 0.00 4 2 8 Sangzhi C L 0.00 7.29 7 2 8 Core Subprojects - Sub Totals 94.81 58.73 78 21 28 Subprojects to start in Year 1 (2006) 9 Hengyang M X 39.21 18.30 88 31 10 Chenzhou M X 23.30 23.80 39 0 11 Shaoyong M Z 1.60 7.40 9 8 12 Jishou M Y 0.00 22.40 27 0 13 Zhuzhou C X 8.66 0.00 18 7 14 Youxian C X 10.90 1.40 15 4 15 Anhua C Z 3.30 10.55 4 0 16 Hengyang C X 14.60 0.34 6 4 17 Longhui C Z 4.50 3.60 5 3 18 Jiangyong C X 4.43 2.61 4 0 19 Xintian C X 11.70 7.52 3 3 20 Ningyuan C X 4.80 8.30 4 0 21 Zhongfang C Y 5.62 0.50 3 2 22 Xupu C Y 5.71 2.57 5 2 23 Lianyuan C X 4.07 13.10 17 0 24 Shuangfeng C X 4.40 5.41 12 2 25 Cili C L 11.99 5.70 5 1 26 Zhuzhou M X 24.50 8.50 7 14 27 Xiangtan M X 12.90 0.00 5 2 28 Qiyang C X 9.70 5.40 10 3 29 Lilling C X 3.49 7.90 5 4 30 Shimen C L 12.95 0.00 7 2 31 Shaodong C Z 11.10 0.54 7 4 32 Jianghua C X 2.87 0.74 3 3 33 Xinhuang C Y 0.00 6.35 4 3 34 Lengshuijiang C Z 5.40 1.69 9 3 35 Fenghuang C Y 0.00 5.15 0 0 36 Baojing C Y 1.30 3.65 6 0 28 Non-Core Subproject Sub-Totals 243.00 173.42 327 105 36 Subproject Totals 337.80 232.16 405 126

Rivers (Subprojects) – Xiangjiang (18), Zijiang (7), Yuanjiang (8), and Lishui (3) City Type (Subprojects) – Municipal (9) or County (27)

Note: For flood management, all the cities depend on non-structural measures (data acquisition, flood forecasting, flood warning and flood response procedures), and therefore varying activities will be undertaken at each city to strengthen these non-structural activities, coordinated by the Provincial Water Resource Department.

1.3.2. SUBPROJECT PROPONENT

The Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) will be the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project. A provincial level Project Management Office (PPMO) has been established in the Provincial Water Resources Department (PWRD), with representatives from the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC) and the Provincial Finance Department (PFD). The PPMO

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 5 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) will be responsible for overall project preparation and administration. The PPMO is an experienced and adequately staffed project office that has successfully processed and implemented two World Bank financed water resources and flood management projects and a Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) financed urban flood control project in the Dongting Lake area. A Project Leading Group (PLG), headed by a Vice Governor of Hunan Province and comprised of senior officials from PWRD, PDRC and PFD, will guide the PPMO and oversee project preparation and implementation.

At each subproject (municipality and county) a Local Leading Group (LLG) and a Local Project Management Office (PMO) have been established and are responsible for coordinating and administering the subproject in their jurisdiction. The LLG and PMO have a similar structure and composition as that of the PLG and PPMO. Subproject implementation will be undertaken by the corresponding project implementation units (PIUs) which are the existing local flood management agencies.

The responsibility for implementing the non-structural component of the Project was being clarified at the time of report preparation.

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FIGURE 1-1: CORE AND NON-CORE SUBPROJECT LOCATIONS, HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT

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2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

2.1. PRC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

2.1.1. KEY LAWS, GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the PRC was passed on October 28, 2002 and became effective on September 1, 20033. The EIA Law demands obligatory environmental assessment studies for all construction projects. Key elements of the law in relation to the proposed Project are as follows:

- EIA refers to the analysis, projection and evaluation of potential environmental impacts caused by the implementation of a plan or a construction project. The assessment must propose measures to prevent or mitigate harmful environmental impacts, and recommend methods to carry out project impact monitoring. - There are three levels of EIA reporting:

• Category A projects are considered to have the potential for moderate to significant environmental impact, and a comprehensive assessment is required. Category A projects include land utilization and construction; development and utilization of regions, watershed areas and sea areas; and development of industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy resources, water resources, traffic, city construction, tourism and natural resources. The developer must hold a public hearing or seek comments and suggestions from experts and the public before submitting the EIA report for approval. Government approval or disapproval must be issued within 60 days.

• Category B projects have more moderate environmental impacts, and the law requires completion of an environmental impact form.

• Category C projects have minimal environmental impact projects, and the law requires completion of an environmental impact registration form for which government approval or disapproval is issued within 15 days. - China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) is authorized to handle the review and approval of environmental impact reports for construction projects on nuclear facilities, confidential works, construction projects straddling across more than one provincial-level region, projects that require examination and approval by the State Council or other ministerial level administrations, and projects that have a total investment over CNY 200 million. Local governments are responsible for the approval of all other projects. - The environmental protection administration is required to inspect the actual environmental impact after the project goes into operation, and as relevant, report on causes and liabilities for severe environmental pollution or ecological destruction.

3 Replaced the existing Environmental Protection Law (1992).

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The National Development Planning Commission (NDPC) or its provincial counterpart will not approve a project until the EIA is approved. Provincial or local Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) are responsible for ensuring implementation of whatever environmental monitoring and management measures are specified in EIAs approved at any level. Generally, the administrative aspects of China’s newer environmental regulations, such as approvals and permits issued subsequent to EIAs, are enforced more stringently than older regulations.

The Implementing Agency is generally required to report at various stages of construction and operation, including an Environmental Monitoring and Supervision Report which should be submitted to the Provincial EPB and the Provincial Planning Commission. If funding is provided by international sources these reports are consolidated semi-annually or at completion of key stages and forwarded to the lending institution (e.g., ADB).

The Environmental Impact Assessment Law is supported by several Technical Guidelines for EIA, which provide recommendations and guidance on methodologies. These guidelines include: - Technical Guideline for EIA of Hydroelectric and Hydraulic Engineering (on trial) (SDJ302-88); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Atmosphere Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.2-93); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Surface Water Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3-93); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Noise Impact Assessment (2.4-1995); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Ecological Environment and Natural Resources (HJ/T 19- 1997); - Technical Regulations on Water and Soil Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (SL204-98); and, - Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (on trial) (HJ/T130-2003).

2.1.2. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER PRC REGULATIONS

As required under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law an overall Hunan Flood Management Project EIA Report is being prepared by the Environmental Science Institute of Hunan Province (ESIHP) under contract to the Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute (HHPDI). The EIA is expected to be submitted to SEPA in April 2005. It is understood by the consultant that the EIA report will recommend that the Project be classified as Category C. Category C approval is expected to be received from SEPA in May 2005. It is as yet unclear whether a Category C environmental registration form will be required in addition to the EIA report that is being prepared.

Under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law subproject level EIA reports are not required.

2.2. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

For any project processed with the participation of an International Funding Agency, in addition to the fulfillment of national requirements the proponent must also satisfy the requirements of the funding organization. As the proposed Subproject is being developed for financing through a loan from the ADB, it must follow the ADB environmental assessment guidelines and requirements, as detailed in the following key references:

(i) Environmental Policy of the Asian Development Bank (2003);

(ii) Environmental Assessment Guidelines of the Asian Development Bank (2003); and,

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(iii) Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agriculture and Natural Resources Development Projects, Asian Development Bank (1991).

ADB projects are classified as category A (with significant potential environmental impacts); category B (with less significant potential environmental impacts); and category C (unlikely to have significant environmental impacts). A project’s environment assessment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including both direct and indirect impacts.

For category A projects a full EIA is required. For category B projects an initial environmental examination (IEE) is required, and if the IEE determines that the project has significant environmental impacts a full EIA is then required. If a full EIA is not required for a category B project, and the IEE concludes that the project will not have any adverse environmental impacts, then the environmental assessment is deemed complete. For category B projects in which a full EIA is not required but the project is still considered to be environmentally sensitive, the IEE must include an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) with a budget; a summary initial environmental examination (SIEE) must be submitted to the ADB Board 120 days prior to the Board consideration; and the SIEE must be posted on the ADB’s website and be made available to locally affected groups and NGOs upon request. No environmental assessment is required for category C projects although their environmental implications nevertheless need to be reviewed.

2.3. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER A SECTOR MODALITY

Under a sector-like approach subproject activities are typically not developed to the feasibility stage during TA implementation. In these cases priority subprojects may be selected to act as models for the full development of the remaining subprojects during the loan project implementation stage.

2.4. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER ADB REQUIREMENTS

2.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION

The Hunan Flood Management Project has been classified as category B, and has been deemed “environmentally sensitive” by the ADB Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).

2.4.2. PROJECT REVIEW PROCESS

The Project-level environmental review process includes the preparation of a consolidated (project-wide) IEE, a consolidated SIEE, and a consolidated EMP. Each has been reviewed and approved by both the ADB and the PPMO. As the project has been deemed environmentally sensitive by the CCO the EMP includes a budget; the SIEE must be submitted to the Board 120 days prior to the Board consideration; and, the SIEE must be posted on the ADB’s website and be made available to locally affected groups and NGOs upon request.

Given that (i) the structural component is the major focus of the proposed Project, comprising over 90% of the estimated Project cost; (ii) the structural component is the only component that involves any physical works; and (iii) the non-structural component is limited to technical assistance and capacity building for data collections systems, flood forecasting, and flood

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emergency warning systems, no environmental analysis was required or undertaken for the non-structural component.

2.4.3. SUBPROJECT REVIEW PROCESS

As the Project is taking a sector-like approach eight priority core subprojects have been developed to feasibility level during the TA implementation (see Section 1.1, above), and an IEE has been prepared for each core subproject. In total the following reports have been prepared for each core subproject in order to advance them to the implementation stage:

- Feasibility Study Report (FSR);

- Resettlement Plan (RP);

- Initial Environmental Examination (IEE);

- Social/Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA); and,

- Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) if required.

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE YONGZHOU CORE SUBPROJECT

3.1. TYPE, RATIONALE AND PURPOSE

The Yongzhou Subproject is a structural urban flood control project and will reduce flood impacts in four flood protection zones: the East Zhishan Protection Zone; the West Zhishan Protection Zone; the East Lengshuitan Protection Zone; and, the West Lengshuitan Protection Zone.

The Yongzhou urban area is low and flat, and is characterized by a large catchment area and a high population density. The Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui rivers have a total length of 64 km within the urban area. The flood protection works consists of 10.14 km of substandard grouted rubble type dikes. If a 50 year frequency flood occurs, under the current flood protection infrastructure all of Yongzhou urban district will be flooded; in Zishan District streets would be under 2 to 5 m of water; and in Lengshuitan District the depth could be from 3 to 6 m. The economic and other losses from such a flood would be extremely high. Thus, for the protection of people’s lives and property, improving the flood control measures is a priority.

The aim of the proposed Subproject is to prevent a 1 in 50 year return period flood from occurring, and to also provide drainage (waterlogging) evacuation of a 1 in 10 year, 24 hour rainfall in 24 hours. The proposed civil works – dikes, drainage culverts, drainage diversion channel and pumping stations – will provide effective protection against river flood to about 12 km2 of the city urban and suburban areas in the four above noted protection zones.

3.2. PROJECT OVERVIEW The proposed Yongzhou Urban Flood Control Subproject consists of: (i) construction of 34.729 km of new dikes along the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers: – 8.212 km of new dike on the right bank of the Xiaoshui River from Maojiang Bridge to Yongzhou No.1 Middle School, East Zishan Protection Zone; – 11.990 km of new dike on the right bank of the Xiangjiang and left bank of the Xiaoshui Rivers, from Niupitan to Taojiang, West Zishan Protection Zone; – 3.300 km of new dike on the right bank of the Xiangjiang from Xiaoxiang dam to Meiwan Cave, East Lengshuitan Protection Zone; – 11.227 km of new dike on the left bank of the Xiangjiang from Xiaoxiang bridge to Qinglongji, West Lengshuitan Protection Zone; (ii) reinforcement of 10.14 km of dike along the Xiaoshui River (3,340 m) for Zishan West and along the Xiangjiang River (2,500 m) for Lengshuitan East and (4,300 m) for Lengshuitan West Protection Zones; (iii) construction of a new 1.30 km drainage collection channel for Zishan West to Xiangjiang River; (iv) construction of 6 new urban drainage pumping stations with a total capacity of 1,460 kw; (v) construction of 15 drainage sluice gates and 1 traffic sluice gate to Xiaoxiang Dock; and,

(vi) non-structural flood monitoring, forecasting, management, warning and emergency response measures.

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Table 3-1 provides a summary of the subproject activities.

TABLE 3-1: SUMMARY OF THE YONGZHOU SUBPROJECT KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Subproject Key Characteristics Unit Value Total Length of Dike km 44.87 Existing Dike to be Reinforced km 10.14

New Earth Dike km 25.98 New Flood Wall km 8.75 New Pump Stations Stns / No. / kw 6 / 10 / 1,460 New Sluice Gated Culverts No. / Gates 15 / 24 New Traffic Gate to Harbour No. / Gates 1 / 1 New Drainage Channel No. / km 1 / 1.3

Civil Works Structures Dike Slope Concrete Revetment km 34.73 Dike Slope Grass Revetment km 34.73 Hardened Dike Crest Surfacing km 6.37 Earth and/or Rock Excavation m3 x 103 1,015.50 3 3

Earth and/or Rock Fill m x 10 1,701.46 Sand and Gravel Bedding m3 x 103 1.04 Grouted Rubble m3 x 103 143.76 Plain and Reinforced Concrete m3 x 103 73.53 Reinforcing Steel Bar t 3,118.57 Metalwork and Hoists t 160.55 Concrete Block Revetment m3 x 103 1.03 Construction Quantities Grass Slope Protection m2 x 103 384.40 Dike/Road Sealing m2 x 103 38.20 Land Acquisition mu 1,002.00

ha 66.80 House Demolition m2 x 103 40.69

Social / Other Building Demolition 11.64 Resettlement Population Resettled People 1,121

3.3. LOCATION

Hunan Province is situated between 109° to 114° longitude east and 20° to 30° latitude north, in south central China. Yongzhou City is located in the southern part of Hunan, where the Xiangjiang (main – catchment area 9,215 km2 to Yongzhou) and Xiaoshui (first level tributary – catchment area 12,099 km2) rivers converge. Its urban area is divided into two districts: Zhishan and Lengshuitan. The general layout of Yongzhou City and land use is presented in Figure 3-1. The key Subproject components are presented in Figure 3-2.

The overall Subproject Study Area (SSA) is defined as the flood protection zone, which has an area of approximately 12 km2. For the purposes of this environmental evaluation the Subproject Environmental Impact Area (SEIA) is defined as including: - a zone approximately 100 m wide measured from the average perpendicular trend of the dikes (new and reinforced) on the right and left banks of the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers, commencing 200 meters upstream of the start of dike construction and ending 200 meter downstream of terminus of dike construction;

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FIGURE 3-1: YONGZHOU CITY LAYOUT AND LAND USE

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FIGURE 3-1 (CONTINUED)

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FIGURE 3-2: YONGZHOU SUBPROJECT LAYOUT

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FIGURE 3-2: (CONTINUED)

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- a zone approximately 100 m wide measured from the average perpendicular trend of the route for the drainage collection channel;

The above zones will encompass the direct impact zones from most of the Subproject activities, including the creation or upgrading of dikes, the construction of the drainage collection channel, and the construction of drainage and pumping works. In addition, the SEIA is also defined as including: - the area within a 100 m radius of the edge of the borrow pits; - the area within a 100 m radius of the edge of the sites for spoil disposal; and - the areas within a 100 m radius of the edge of the sites where displaced persons will be resettled.

3.4. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES

When considering the flood protection needs for Yongzhou there was limited scope for significant alternative measures due to the natural topography and existing city development. The most immediate need is to limit the opportunity for flood water from the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers entering the low lying city areas, and it was assessed that using dikes with gravity and pump drainage outlets for landside stormwater drainage was the only logical option. The choice of alternatives therefore came down to rationalizing the alignment and type of dike to be adopted, and to minimizing dike length, land acquisition, resettlement and related costs. Factors reviewed include:

- Types of dike construction in relation to ground conditions, sources of suitable materials, existing land use and density of existing development; - Alignment of dikes to trade off dike type and length versus costs for land acquisition and resettlement; - Drainage evacuation – various selection between pump stations and/or gravity discharge sluices; - Improvement of a drainage interception channel, and use of different outfalls, pumps and/or gravity sluices.

3.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

3.5.1. DIKES

3.5.1.1. LOCATION

Dikes will be constructed in the four flood protection zones as follows:

Zhishan East, (right bank of Xiaoshui River): Starting from Maojiang Bridge the dike will be built along the right bank of Xiaoshui River until it reaches natural high banks. It will run past Nanjindu, Dongfeng Bridge, No.1 Yongzhou Middle School and the Sewage Treatment Plant. The total length of the new dike will be 8.21 km.

Zhishan West, (left bank of Xiaoshui River and left bank of Xiangjiang River): The dike starts at Zhaoyangyan and ends at the Smelter factory. It will protect the residential area and industry area in the west of the river. The total length of the dike will be 15.33 km, including 11.99 km of new dike and 3.34 km of reinforced existing dike.

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Lengshuitan East, (right bank of Xiangjiang River): The new urban area located on the right band of Xiangjiang River is the political and culture centre of Yongzhou City. Built along the right bank of Xiangjiang River, the dike starts from Lashucun and ends at Pengjiacun, going through Caijiachong, Xinjiangxian, Yangtiancun, District Government and Bureau of Forestry. The total length of the dike will be 5.8 km, including 3.3 km of new dike and 2.5 km of reinforced existing dike.

Lengshuitan West, (left bank of Xiangjiang River): This is the old urban area of Lengshuitan and is the center of economy, transportation and business. Built along the left bank of Xiangjiang River, the dike will run past Motou, a light industry machine factory, a fire- resistance materials factory, a paper factory, Panjiaqiao and Shanghutang, and will end at Qiliping. The total length of the dike will be 15.527 km, including 11.227 km of new dike and 4.3 km of reinforced existing dike.

3.5.1.2. CONSTRUCTION METHODS

Depending on site topography and whether there are existing flood control structures there will be three types of dike: new earthen dike, new cement flood wall, and strengthened flood wall.

In locations where new earthen dikes will be built the river banks are steep and bank failure and slumping is common. A 1.0 m high concrete wave protection wall will be built on the dike crest. The dike body will be constructed with clay and a combination of earth and stone. The crest will be 6.0 m wide. The riverside slope will have a ratio of 1:2.5 and will be protected by concrete, and the landside slope will also have a ratio 1:2.5 but will be protected by sod revetment.

Due to the high density of buildings in the main urban area flood protection walls will be constructed in order to reduce investment and minimize removal and resettlement. Flood walls with cement-rubble masonry will be constructed from chainage of East 3+932 to 8+212 and 21+906 to 26+376; and existing dikes will be strengthened between chainages: West 4+816 to 5+816, West 7+816 -10+156, East 8+212 to 10+762 and West 17+606 -21+906. Given the low height of the body of the flood wall (generally less than 7m), a gravity type flood wall will be utilized.

Where the height of the new flood wall will be less than 4 m the crest width will be 0.5 m and the ratio of the back slope will be 1:0.4; where the height of the new flood wall will be higher than 4 m the crest width will be 0.8 m and the back slope ratio will be 1:0.5. A 6 m wide road will be constructed behind the back walls.

The crest elevation of the flood walls that are to be raised and strengthened will be the same as the newly built flood walls. Generally, the objective is to increase the width and height of the wall on the riverside. 16 mm-diameter reinforcement anchor bars will be placed 0.6 m deep into the face of the riverside at a spacing interval of 0.5 m. Reinforced concrete will be cast in-situ against the riverside.

3.5.2. DRAINAGE PUMP STATIONS

Pumping station in urban areas will be constructed to evacuate poorly drained areas and perched water. Pumping stations will be placed at Maojiao Bridge (chainage East 0+550), Nanmenkou (chainage East 3+832), Jiefang Road East (chainage East 4+932), Xianglingshan (chainage West 3+540), Renwan (chainage West 19+500) and Qiliping (chainage West 29+060).

Table 3-2 provides an overview of the pumping station key characteristics.

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3.5.3. SLUICE GATES

The dikes will include a total of fifteen new gated culverts at strategic locations to release stormwater runoff that will otherwise be trapped behind the dikes. In addition, in order to facilitate transportation 1 access gate will be built at Xiaoxiang dock because the road at Xiaoxiang Dock is lower than the flood level, and the road has to traverse the dike.

TABLE 3-2: KEY CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PROPOSED PUMPING STATIONS

Designed Designed Name of Drainage Lift Catchment Outer Inner Installed Pumping Discharge Head Area km2 Water Water Capacity (kw) Station m3/s (m) Level (m) Level (m) Maojiang 4.368 4.91 103.0 105.45 2.82 2×132 Bridge Nanmenkou 2.318 2.61 103.0 105.4 2.76 1×160 Jiefang Road 1.006 1.58 101.1 104.12 4.62 1×132 East Xianglingshan 1.780 2.0 103.5 105.65 2.47 1×132 Renwan 7.200 11.3 95.0 97.34 2.69 4×160 Qiliping 0.640 0.92 94.6 96.12 1.75 1×132 6 Pumping Stations, 10 Units, Total Installed Capacity 1460 kw

3.5.4. FLOOD DIVERSION CHANNELS

A flood diversion channel will be constructed in the Taifumiao Drainage Area (located in Zhishan West of River zone) in order to improve drainage. The channel will have the capacity to divert a 10-year frequency flood to the Xiangjiang River.

3.5.5. PROTECTION OF SLOPES, TOE AND CREST

The Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang are mountain rivers and typically generate short duration localized floods characterized by a steady rise and fall of water levels in the river sections as the flood wave passes down the river. Under these conditions banks are seriously scored by floods but are not affected by wind-produced waves. Thus, prefabricated concrete slope protection will be utilized.

Slope protection will start from 0.5 m above the design dry level to 0.5 m above the mean average flood level. Concrete block revetment will be in 30 cm long and 10 cm thick hexahedron prefabricated concrete blocks. Anti-skid cut-off trenches 80 cm high and 60 cm wide will be placed at the toe of slope. There will be a 0.1m thick sand and stone layer under the slope protection. φ 50 mm PVC pipe at an interval of 2.5m will be placed for drainage. Sod revetment will be placed from the top of concrete slope protection to the dike crest. The dike crest will be protected with 20 cm thick mudstone.

3.5.6. RIVER BANK PROTECTION AND TREATMENT

Some of the river bank slopes in Yongzhou City are steep and there are 8 sections totaling 10.530 km which have a serious slope collapse risk. In theses areas slopes will be regraded to a 1:2.5 ratio and a 50 cm thick cement masonry protection layer will be put in place, supported by a 1.0 m deep anti-scour cutoff wall.

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TABLE 3-3: DRAINAGE GATE CHARACTERISTICS

Name Location Stake No. Sluice Length of Number Width (m) Height (m) Discharge Total Drainage Gate Type Culverts openings (m3/s) drainage water level (10,000 m3) (m)

Maojiang Bridge Zhishan East East 0+550 Box Culvert 28.35 2 2.5 2.5 22.50 42.48 105.55 Nanmenkou Zhishan East East 3+832 Box Culvert 26.35 1 2 2.5 13.00 22.55 105.50 Jiefang Road East Zhishan East East 4+932 Box Culvert 16.50 1 2 2.0 7.80 12.55 104.46 Xianglingshan Zhishan West West 3+540 Box Culvert 26.35 1 2 2.5 10.40 17.30 105.75 Zhugemiao Zhishan West West 4+420 Box Culvert 19.60 2 2.5 2.5 21.10 40.76 104.80 Chaoyang Park Zhishan West West 4+906 Box Culvert 19.60 1 2.5 2.5 14.10 25.48 104.76 West Taojiang Zhishan West Box Culvert 15.00 3 3.5 3.5 106.00 297.43 102.83 12+585 West Taifumiao Zhishan West Box Culvert 10.00 3 3.5 3.5 72.40 176.9 103.50 13+193 Zhongjiancun Lengshuitan East East 9+023 Box Culvert 6.75 2 3.0 3.0 41.10 114.70 98.20 Meiwan Lengshuitan East East 13+862 Box Culvert 23.50 1 2.5 2.5 13.20 32.56 97.40 West Renwan Lengshuitan West Box Culvert 14.00 2 3.0 3.0 49.20 124.15 98.30 19+500 West Renmin Road Lengshuitan West Box Culvert 14.00 2 3.0 3.0 41.00 127.38 97.10 20+400 West Fuxing Bridge Lengshuitan West Box Culvert 14.00 1 2.5 2.5 13.50 30.15 96.84 22+856 West Panjiacun Lengshuitan West Box Culvert 27.00 1 3.5 3.5 25.80 65.74 96.50 26+900 West Qiliping Lengshuitan West Box Culvert 27.00 1 2.0 2.0 6.32 7.95 96.22 29+060 Reinforced concrete Xiaoxiang Dock Lengshuitan East East 6+100 6.40 1 4.5 8.0 access gate

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TABLE 3-4: FLOOD DIVERSION CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS

Flood Length Bottom Crest Water Type of Diversion Diversion of Width of Width Of Slope Inner Freeboard Level at Channel Name Discharge Area Channel Channel Channel Gradient Slope (m) Outlet Bottom (m3/s) (km2) (km) (m) (m) (m) 10 cm thick Taifumiao 18.021 72.4 1.3 9.0 2.0 1/1000 1:1.75 0.7 105.2 concrete Lining

3.5.7. BORROW PITS

Based on geological surveys the average transportation distance to existing block stone quarry sources in Qincaitang, Qinlongji and Shuilangba, etc. is between 5.0 and 13.0 km. These sites have approximately 4 to 6 million m3 of good quality stone which can be easily exploited and transported. Thus, all stone needs will be met through local sources.

Sand and gravel materials within the project area are mainly distributed along river islets along the left and right banks of Xiangjiang. They are of good quality, and can be conveniently accessed, with an average transportation distance of only 2.5 km.

Within the project district, six earth borrow pits will be utilized at Qiantoushan, Caishizhen, Panjia Bridge, Hujiaoli, Changgonglin, and Chenjia. The average transportation distance is 3.0 km, though Zhanggonglin is located 10 km away. The overburden will be removed using a 74 kw bulldozer and disposed nearby. The earth materials will be extracted by a backhoe and will be transported to the construction dikes by an 8t dump truck.

3.5.8. BUDGET

The total cost of the Yongzhou City Urban Flood Control Subproject is estimated at $31.11 million (equivalent to CNY 257.6 million), comprising $11.78 million in foreign exchange (37.9%) and $19.33 million (CNY 160.05 million equivalent) in local currency costs, including local taxes of $1.08 million equivalent. Physical and price contingencies amount to $2.92 million and financial charges during implementation – comprising interest during implementation, front-end fees, and commitment charges – are estimated at $2.2 million. Subproject costs are summarized in Table 3-5.

TABLE 3-5: COST ESTIMATES FOR YONGZHOU CITY URBAN FLOOD CONTROL SUBPROJECT ($ MILLION)

Item Foreign Local Total 1. Flood Control 8.13 16.2 24.33 2. Flood Management 0.35 0.03 0.38 3. Local Project Management 0.10 1.17 1.27 Total Baseline Costs 8.58 17.41 25.99 Physical Contingencies 0.86 1.7 2.55 Price Contingencies 0.14 0.23 0.36 Total Project Costs 9.57 19.33 28.9 Financial Charges During Implementation 2.2 - 2.2 Total Costs to be Financed 11.78 19.33 31.11

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3.5.9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

It is anticipated that the works will be implemented over a 49 month period, starting in August of Year 1. Zhishan East would be implemented over the 1st dry season, Zishan West over the 2nd and 3rd dry seasons, Lengshuitan East over the 2nd dry season, and Lengshuitan West over the 3rd and 4th dry seasons. It is recommended that Project Management training and capacity building be initiated with the preparatory works for the subproject, and that the non-structural measures be planned and implemented through year 1.

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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1. PHYSICAL RESOURCES

4.1.1. TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS

Hunan Province is enclosed by mountains and hills to the east, south and west, and drains northwards to the Yangtze River. Mountains and hills occupy approximately 75% of the province, and the remaining low lying area (Dongting Lakes) is part of the Yangtze River floodplain. The majority of Hunan Province is formed by the mountainous natural catchments of the four major tributary rivers which flow into the Yangtze River. The center and northern parts of the province are generally low, forming a U-shaped basin with the Dongting Lakes at its center.

Yongzhou City is located in the southern part of Hunan, where the Xiaoshui River discharges to the Xiangjiang River. This area is on the northwest edge of the Zhijin mountain range. Its terrain is flat to moderately hilly, with higher areas in the Southwest and lower areas in the Northeast. The Xiangjiang River flows across the Lengshuitan District of Yongzhou City to form a strip- shaped alluvial plain. The river course zigzags and has a riverbed height elevation of 86 to 90m.

The strata exposed in the subproject area mainly from the upper Devonian period, the lower Carboniferous period and the Quaternary period. The stratum descriptions from top to bottom are generally as follows: - Random fill: a mixture of silty clay, sand and gravel, brick debris and domestic rubbish, which have loose texture, but only appear in some sporadic locations with a thickness of up to 1 to 3m. - Silty clay: yellowy brown, plastic, with a thickness of 3 to 8m. - Silt: dark yellow, including a small content of mud, of medium density, and a thickness of 1 to 4m. This is only seen at a few locations along the Xiangjiang. - Sand and gravel: form limestone and sandstone, of medium density, with a thickness of 2 to 6 m. - Limestone: hard rock, located at the base of the above strata within the subproject area.

4.1.2. GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY

A geological survey was undertaken by the HHPDI and the detailed results are presented in the Yongzhou Subproject Feasibility Study Report. - Random fill exists at some locations in the topsoil along the dike route. It is loose and will lead to uneven settlement after construction of the dike if left in place. It should not be used for the foundation of the dike, but should be removed to spoil or fill for less critical requirements.

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- The silty clay layer has a seepage coefficient of less than 1×10-5 cm/s, and is therefore assessed as being largely impermeable. It has a bearing capacity larger than 150 Kpa, with a thickness of 3 to 8m, so it is suitable for the foundation of the flood control dikes, pump stations and culvert pipes. - Silt exists in the subsoil for the dikes in the Lengshuitan District along the Xiangjiang upstream reach. This silt layer is quite thick, but as the seismic intensity in this area is less than VI degrees, the silt should not be in danger of liquefaction should an earthquake occur. - The sand and gravel layer of the subsoil for the dikes has a permeability coefficient larger than 1×10-2. Though it is stable and permeable, the overlying silty clay layer, which is of a substantial thickness, will mitigate the permeability, such that the risk of dike failure is considered low. - The river bank slopes on either side of the river are mainly within the silty clay layer, which has a relatively low scour resistance of just 0.5m/s. Bank collapse will easily occur due to scouring of flood and wind wave, and it is recommended to use slope protection measures in several locations in both Zishan and Lengshuitan districts. - Though the natural construction materials are generally plentiful, and in close proximity to the subproject site, the borrow areas and quarries should be inspected regularly to ensure consistent quality and supply for the works.

4.1.3. CLIMATE

Yongzhou is located in a wet subtropical region, and the climate is predominantly hot and humid in the summer and cold and dry in the winter. In winter it is controlled by the Siberian cold air mass, while in the summer the area is influenced by hot and wet low latitude sea air masses, leading to high temperatures and humidity. In July and August wet weather occurs due to the influence of strong tropical winds which results in localized heavy storms. As these weather systems rise and cool over the mountains at the top of the Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui catchments, heavy rain can occur.

Based on data recorded at Yongzhou Meteorological Station between 1961 to 1995, the annual average temperature is 17.7 oC, with a range between summer and winter of 39.8 oC to -7.0 oC. Average humidity is 78%, and average annual rainfall and evaporation are almost equal at 1,438.8 mm and 1,438.3 mm respectively. The maximum recorded daily rainfall of 194.8 mm occurred on July 9th, 1976. Average wind speed is low at 3.1 m/s, and the maximum recorded wind speed was 25.7 m/s recorded on 11th April, 1973.

4.1.4. SURFACE WATER

4.1.4.1. HYDROLOGY AND FLOODING

There are 9 hydrology stations in the upper catchment south of Yongzhou, including Laobutou (Yongzhou), Quanzhou, Jianghua, Daoxian and Shuangpai. The overall average rainfall per year for the catchment is 1,481.8 mm. In general the catchment has two rainfall centers – one over the upper Xiangjiang catchment at Guibei, and the other over the Jianghua/Mashi/ Zhuwa/Jiangyong/Daoxian/Shuangpai/Zishan area of the Xiaoshui catchment. Most storms recorded in the catchment are about 1 day in duration, but storms have been known to last for 4 day. Anma hydrology station recoded a storm lasting from the 15th to the 18th of May in 1971, with rainfalls of 188.6, 107.0, 73.4 and 53.0 mm on each of the days, and a total rainfall of 422 mm.

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Based on statistics for Laobutou station in Yongzhou, there is a 92% chance of a significant flood occurring from cyclonic rainfall in the April to July period, though similar magnitude floods can also occur in August due to typhoon storm conditions. Most floods last about 3 days, and have a single, high volume peak.

Historically Yongzhou has experienced major floods in 1794 and 1906. However, since Laobutou station was established at Yongzhou in 1951 the largest flood occurred in 1976, with a reported discharge of 14,700 m3/s from the 22,314 km2 catchment. No other information is available in regard to other significant floods, other than anecdotal evidence that some areas of Yongzhou were flooded to varying degree up to 6 times during 2002.

4.1.4.2. WATER QUALITY

Under the Xiangjiang catchment water use zoning there are three water source protection zones in Yongzhou city: - A 3.1 km river section from the first grade power pump station (at Bazhou Village of Lanjiaoshan Town along Xiangjiang main branch) to Youza Wharf is designated a Class I water source protection zone. - A 5.8 km river section from Quhe Bridge of Xiangjiang main branch is designated a Class II water source protection zone. - A 2.8 km river section starting from the Zhugemiao port of Xiaoshui to 200m lower from the water intake at Niangzilin Water Factory is designated a Class I water source protection zone. Water quality in Class I water source protection zones is evaluated against Class II water standards specified in the Quality Standards for Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002). Water quality in Class II water source protection zones is evaluated against Class III water standards (Table 4-1).

Water quality on the Xiangjiang within Yongzhou is monitored for a number of parameters, 6+ - including PH, SS, DO, BOD5, ammonia and nitrogen, total phosphate, As, Cr , CN , Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and faecal coliform bacteria. Based on the water quality monitoring results for 2003 from the Yongzhou City Environment Monitoring Station water quality at Pingdao and Quhe all met the Class III water quality standards. At Xiangzikou all parameter met the Class III water quality standards except volatilizing phenol, where the exceedence was caused by discharges from the Xiangjiang Paper Making Factory.

There is no regular monitoring of the Xiaoshui within Yongzhou City. In December 2003 owing to an extension of the Nanjindu Water Power Station, the Yongzhou City Environment Monitoring Station conducted water quality monitoring at the station with parameters including PH, SS, total nitrogen, total phosphate, Cr6+, and faecal coliform bacteria. The water quality met the Class III water quality standards.

4.1.5. GROUNDWATER

Groundwater is generally located in the porous and loose Quaternary strata about 8 to 10 m below the natural ground level. The groundwater mainly comes from rainfall, and percolates through the lower porous strata to the river channel. The chemical content is high in calcium carbonate and/or sulphate. It tends to have a neutral PH value, low mineralization, and will not be corrosive to concrete.

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TABLE 4-1: BASIC PARAMETERS, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATER (GB3838-2002), NATIONAL STANDARDS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. Parameters (mg/L) Water Quality Class I II III IV V 1 Temperature(°C) The maximum average weekly water temperature variations caused by human activities should be ≤1 increase, and ≤2 decrease.

2 PH 6-9 3 Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 90% (or 7.5) 6 5 3 2 4 Permanganate Index ≤ 2 4 6 10 15

5 CODMn ≤ 15 15 20 30 40

6 BOD5 ≤ 3 3 4 6 10

7 NH4—N ≤ 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 8 Total P ≤ 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 (lake 0.01) (lake 0.025) (lake 0.05) (lake 0.1) (lake 0.2) 9 Total N ≤ 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 10 Cu ≤ 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 Zn ≤ 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 - 12 F ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 13 Se ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 14 As ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 15 Hg ≤ 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 16 Cd ≤ 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 17 Pb ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 6+ 18 Cr ≤ 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 - 19 CN ≤ 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 Volatilized Hydroxybenzene ≤ 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 21 Oil ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 22 Anionic Surfactant ≤ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2- 23 S ≤ 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 24 Faecal coliform bacteria 200 2000 10000 20000 40000 (Number/L) ≤ Source: Unofficial translation of Chinese original, Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), National Standards of the People's Republic of China.

4.1.6. AIR QUALITY

The Yongzhou City Environment Monitoring Station monitors air quality at several stations within the city for a 5 day period once per month. Parameters monitored include SO2, NO2, and PM10. Air quality in Yongzhou is influenced by the city’s topography and development pattern, and tends to vary considerably. Air quality in the residential and commercial areas is consistent with the Class II standards specified in Quality Standards for Environmental Atmosphere (GB3095-1996). Air quality in the industrial and mining areas tends to only meet Class III standards. The most serious air quality issue is reportedly particulate matter.

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4.2. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

4.2.1. VEGETATION

The Yongzhou area is part of the subtropical evergreen/broad-leaf forest zone. In the higher elevation hills and mountains there are fairly extensive tracts of fir and pine forest, while lower elevations tend to be denuded and give way to barren lands or degraded tracts of mixed shrubs and grasses.

There is relatively little natural vegetation in the SSA and the SEIA. Vegetation along the rural portions of the rivers primarily consists of small crop plots, abandoned fields and “waste” lands that are covered with mixed grasses and small shrubs. Paddy crops reportedly cover 46% of the Class I river terraces. In some places there is a protective band of mixed trees and shrubs along the river bank edges in the rural areas, reportedly covering 11.3% of the Class I terraces. In the more urban areas houses and commercial buildings and roads have completely displaced all natural vegetation.

There are no records or reports of rare or endangered flora or historic trees in the SSA or SEIA.

4.2.2. TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC WILDLIFE

Most of the project area is urban or semi-urban, and as there is very little natural habitat remaining in the SEIA there are also few remaining wild faunal species, though there are reports of wildlife (the information is not more specific than that) in the hills in the more remote surrounding region. Terrestrial animals in the SEIA primarily consist of amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, as well as farm animals. There are no records or reports of protected or endangered terrestrial or aquatic species in the study area.

4.2.3. FISHERIES

There are reportedly 112 fish species in the Xiangjiang main branch, with 61.9% of them being in the Carp family. However, the quality of both the Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui Rivers in the Yongzhou area is degraded and apparently does not support significant populations of commercially important fish species. There are reportedly little or no fishing activities in either river within the SEIA.

4.2.4. RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

There are no rare and endangered species in Yongzhou City or in the SEIA.

4.2.5. PROTECTED AREAS

There are no protected areas, nature reserves or natural parks in the SEIA.

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4.3. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS

4.3.1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

In the two urban districts of Yongzhou City there were 307,200 households and 1.08 million people in 2003, with an average family size of 3.53 persons and a gender ratio of 48% female and 52% male. The urban population in these districts was 426,000 or 39.5% of the total population, 6% higher than that in Hunan Province. In Lengshuitan the urbanization rate was 46.5% compared with 33% in Zhishan District.

4.3.2. ECONOMIC PROFILE

The total GDP in Zhishan in 2003 was CNY 3.5 billion, averaging CNY 6,034 per capita or about 87% of the average in Hunan Province (CNY 6,963). In contrast, due to its greater concentration of industrial activities, the total GDP in Lengshuitan was CNY 4.4 billion, averaging CNY 9,224 per capita, 53% higher than Zhishan and 32% higher than the Hunan Provincial average. In terms of composition of GDP there are considerable differences between the two districts. For Zhishan the ratios of primary, secondary and tertiary production are 30%, 30%, and 40% respectively. In comparison in Lengshuitan the agricultural sector accounted for only 17%, which was 13% lower than Zhishan District. The industrial sector in Lengshuitan accounted for 48% of GDP, 18% higher than in Zhishan, while the tertiary sector accounted for 34%, 6% lower than in Zhishan and 8% lower than the provincial average.

Per capita income in rural areas was CNY 2,501 in Zhishan and CNY 1,823 in Lengshuitan. Although the rural per capita income in Zhishan was similar to the Hunan Province average it was about 30% lower than the provincial average in Lengshuitan District. Per capita farmland holding among rural populations was 1.45 mu in Zhishan District and 1.81 mu in Lengshuitan District, both of which were higher than the provincial average. Urban per capita income was CNY 5,662 in Zhishan and CNY 5,014 in Lengshuitan, which were 20% and 30% respectively lower than the provincial average.

4.3.3. POVERTY PROFILE

Neither Zhishan nor Lengshuitan are official designated poverty counties and there are no poverty townships in either districts. There are poverty populations, particularly rural people, scatted in different towns and townships. In Lengshuitan there are 10 provincial level poverty villages, but none are located in the project area.

In the project area there are 34,098 persons below the poverty line, including 31,888 urban people, accounting for 13.4% of total urban population in the project area, and 2,210 rural people, accounting for 4.1% of total rural population in the project area. Table 4-2 provides basic poverty conditions in these two urban districts.

TABLE 4-2: POVERTY POPULATION IN ZHISHAN AND LENGSHUITAN DISTRICTS (2003) (1,000)

ITEMS ZHISHAN LENGSHUITAN TOTAL

Total Population 579.7 504.3 1,084 Urban Population 191.3 234.5 425.8 Rural Population 388.4 269.8 658.2 Poverty Population * 37.6 39.8 77.4

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% of Poverty Population 6.5% 7.9% 7.1% Urban Poverty Population 21.6 25.8 47.4 % of Urban Poverty 11.3% 11.0% 11.1% Rural Poverty Population 16.0 14.0 30.0 % of Rural Poverty (

4.3.4. MINORITY PROFILE

In the project area there are 1,053 persons with an ethnic minority background, accounting for 0.4% of the population. Most minority people came to the city through marriage or work assignments and are scattered throughout the urban areas, and there are no concentrated minority communities in either Zhishan or Lengshuitan Districts. In project protection zones there are 804 minority persons accounting for 0.5% of the population. These minority persons are entitled with the same rights to education and employment as Han people and there are no obvious differences in their economic status or income level.

4.3.5. ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL PROFILE

There are no specially designated archaeology, cultural or recreational sites with the SEIA.

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5. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

5.1. APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING

This chapter assesses potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed Subproject and recommends appropriate mitigation measures where necessary. Potential environmental impacts are analyzed by examining the impact of each stage of the Subproject implementation on the natural and human environment. Each component identified as having the potential for negative impacts is assessed in detail, including a review of potential impacts, recommendations for appropriate mitigation measures, recommendations for additional environmental analysis (if required), and analysis of residual impacts, if any.

The environmental screening is based on:

– a review of Government of China (GOC) publications, scientific literature, and previous technical and environmental impact studies;

– a review of available information on the Subproject design;

– consultation with local subproject Project Management Offices (PMOs), Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) and other agencies;

– relevant guidelines and policies of the Asian Development Bank (see Section 2.2);

– field visits and surveys.

The result of the screening of potential environmental impacts is summarized in Table 5-1 and presented in detail in Sections 5.2 to 5.4.

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TABLE 5-1: SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, YONGZHOU SUBPROJECT

4 All costs associated with compensation and resettlement are presented in the Resettlement Plans (RPs). 5 The full Environmental Management Plan (EMP) budget is presented in Table 7-1. Some cost categories included in Table 7-1, such as administration, training, site inspections, monitoring, and government revegetation fee are not included in Table 5-1.

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Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104CNY) 4 5 Social Resources farmland. Encroachment into Loss of ecological No sensitive - As part of the development of the FSP an - PMO - Refer to FSP Precious Ecological resources such as resources or ecological safeguard survey should be - Local EPB cost above Areas wetlands and rare rare and undertaken to identify any potential sensitive - HHPDI and endangered endangered terrestrial or aquatic ecological resources. flora and fauna. flora and fauna - Yongzhou EPB to review and approve the identified in FSP so as to ensure no ecological resources the SEIA. are impacted. Encroachment on Loss of historical or No historical or (-) - Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to - PMO - Refer to FSP Historical or Cultural cultural features. cultural - Several tombs review the FSP to ensure no historical or - Local EPB cost above Features features may be affected. cultural features are impacted. - Local Public identified in - Families to be compensated if tombs are Affairs and the SEIA relocated. Culture Relics Bureau - Contractor Impairment of Economic loss (-) (+) - The Public Roads and Transportation - PMO - Cost of tran- Transportation - Temporary Administration Bureau to be consulted to - Local Public sportation (access to fields or acquisition of 11 - Improvement of ensure access routes are not unduly affected Roads and alternatives settlement) docks, 1 ferry road quality and that sufficient alternatives are provided. Transportation included in and dike road Administration capital Bureau budget - Contractor Loss of Mineral Economic loss Apparently no Resources mineral resources affected. Destruction of Economic loss (-) - Any affected public facilities will be replaced - PMO - Cost of Public Facilities - 0.4 km low or repaired, and compensation should be - Contractor replacement voltage electric provided to any affected persons or of public line enterprises. facilities included in capital budget

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Drainage channel will not affect the hydrology of either the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers. Water Quality Soil erosion may (-) A site construction EMP will be developed. - PMO 314.7 reduce water quality - Erosion from The EMP will require that: - Contractor and impact aquatic construction - All construction areas should have a siltation ecology sites and source fence protecting the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang rock and soil Rivers from erosion and siltation along the piles may entire length of the construction site. reduce water - In addition, in areas classified as water quality in the source protection zones silt traps should be Xiaoshui and installed at natural drainage entry points in Xiangjiang construction sites. Rivers, and in - All other construction sites within 50 m of local water water bodies should have siltation fences on bodies. the downstream drainage side to protect against erosion and siltation. If these sites are near water source protection zones silt traps should also be installed on any drainage points. - Rock and dirt piles should be covered when not in use, and siltation fences and traps should be installed on the downstream drainage side if near water bodies. - Exposed dikes and ground surfaces should be protected with appropriate engineered and vegetative protection measures,

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Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104CNY) 4 5 Social Resources including grass, cement, rip rap, etc. Construction waste (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 13.4 water disposal may - Approximately - Wastewater from concrete washing and - PMO reduce water quality 82,260 m3 of curing should only be directed to the local and impact aquatic construction sewer system or local drainage channels ecology wastewater from near the construction site and not directly to washing and the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers. curing concrete - Water from vehicle and equipment washing works will be should be directed to the local sewer system produced which or local drainage channels near the may have a construction site and not directly to the short-term Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers. Oils should impact on the first be removed as much as practical. water quality in - Receiving drainage ditches should be the Xiaoshui and equipped with a bioswale and siltation traps Xiangjiang prior to their discharge to any major receiving Rivers. water body. Inappropriate (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 13.4 sewage disposal - Approximately - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of - Yongzhou could impact water 55,920 m3 of 1 for every twenty workers. Health and quality domestic - All domestic wastewater from the workers Sanitation wastewater will camps should be collected and discharged to Company be generated the municipal sewerage system. which may have - On-site sewage will be collected as a short-term necessary by the Yongzhou Health and impact on the Sanitation Company and treated or water quality in discharged to the municipal sewerage the Xiaoshui and system. Xiangjiang - Regular cleaning and disinfection of the Rivers. toilets should be undertaken so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes. Solid Waste Inappropriate spoil (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 52.26 disposal may reduce - Up to 56,9398 - Maximum use should be made of on site - PMO overall m3 spoil will be excavated materials so as to minimize spoil environmental generated. production. quality - The disposal sites should be identified in the FSP, and should not be in or near any sensitive areas. - Spoil disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. - Erosion protection measures such as silt

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Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104CNY) 4 5 Social Resources fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. - Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be re-vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs. Inappropriate (-) . The EMP will require that: - Contractor construction rubble - Construction - Maximum use should be made of on - PMO disposal may reduce rubble will be construction rubble as fill where/ if overall generated with appropriate. environmental building - Rubble should only be stored on sites quality demolition and temporarily, and should be land filled if space dike is available, or disposed of in a designated rehabilitation. construction waste disposal site as approved by the Yongzhou EPB. Inappropriate (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 20.1 domestic solid - Approximately - Waste containers will be provided at a rate of - PMO waste may reduce 466,000 kg 1 for every twenty workers. overall domestic waste - Domestic solid waste produced by environmental will be produced construction workers must be deposited into quality by construction waste containers. workers. - Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Yongzhou Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Yongzhou disposal site. Air Quality Dust may reduce air (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 19.3 quality - Dust from - Transportation roads within the construction transportation site should be hardened. machinery will - Transportation roads within the construction create dust site and the surrounding urban area should within 30 m of be regularly sprayed with water so as to roads. control dust. - Dust may be - Truck loads should be covered with an generated by awning to prevent dust emissions. cement - The cement transport and mixing process transport and should be carried out under closed mixing. conditions. Cement should be transported by - Soil and spoil closed tankers, and should be conveyed to piles may the concrete mixer by a closed cement generate dust. pump. - Dike - Soil piles should be covered unless being

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Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104CNY) 4 5 Social Resources construction in actively used. Piles should be sprayed with urban areas water when not covered. Spoil piles should may create also be covered unless being actively used, localized dust and should be sprayed with water when not problems. covered. - For construction of dikes close to dense residential areas fiber texture protection fences should be installed on the urban side of the dike to reduce air and noise pollution. Vehicle emissions (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 6.44 may reduce air - Vehicle and - All construction machinery and transportation quality heavy vehicles should be equipped with exhaust machinery emission systems that meet relevant PRC emissions will emission standards. have localized - Vehicle emission systems should be impact. inspected at constriction outset and then on a bi-annual basis. Noise Pollution Transportation and (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 21.0 heavy machinery - Potential for operation may affect noise impacts Noise from Transport Vehicles local peoples and where - vehicle overloading is prohibited; workers. construction is - horn operation in urban areas is prohibited; taking place in and Dike construction in densely - all vehicles should have functioning mufflers urban areas may populated urban that meet relevant standards. affect local residents areas. Noise from Heavy Machinery - all construction machinery should be in full compliance with the relevant standards; - low noise construction methods should be adopted wherever possible; - regular maintenance of machinery should be undertaken to reduce operational noises. - construction personnel working in high noise level situations should be provided with protective equipment and should not work continuously in such situations for more than 6 hours per day.

Dike Construction: - construction of dikes in urban areas is

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SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 41 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.2 SITING

5.2.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

5.2.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Siting of the proposed Subproject will affect will affect 11 townships (sub-district and towns), 24 administrative villages and 38 village groups in Zhishan and Lengshuitan Districts. According to the Yongzhou Social and Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) approximately 67 ha of land will be permanently acquired. Approximately 47% of this is farmland, comprising paddy (12%), dryland (25%), and vegetable land (10%). The remaining 53% is orchards, housing plots and wasteland as well as stated owned urban land. The permanent land acquisition will affect a total of 466 households and 1,491 persons. On average each affected person will loose 0.004 ha of farmland, representing a 6.8% loss of their current farmland. Approximately 23 ha of land will be occupied temporarily during the construction phase.

In addition a total of 49,989 m2 of buildings will be demolished, including 39,214 m2 of residential houses and 10,775 m2 of non-residential structures. The demolition will relocate 313 households and 1,121 persons and affect 33 enterprises and 6,842 employees.

5.2.1.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The Yongzhou Subproject SPIA and Resettlement Plan (RP) have been prepared in accordance with the standards and requirements of the PRC Land Administration Law6 (1998) and the associated Hunan Provincial Implementation Decree (2000), as well as the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented.

A Yongzhou Subproject Facilities Siting Plan (FSP) should be developed which appropriately locates temporary worker camps, construction facilities, etc, so as to minimize social and environmental impacts. Emphasis should be placed on siting these facilities in areas that have minimal existing settlements and productive systems. The FSP should be submitted to the Yongzhou EPB and for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in excessive social impacts then the plan should be modified until Yongzhou EPB approval is obtained.

5.2.1.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

Implementation of the recommendations in the SPIA and the RP, and appropriate siting of the facilities should ensure that the living standards of the affected persons are maintained and/or improved.

6 Stipulates the regulations for land compensation, resettlement subsidies, crop compensation, house compensation and other measures to carry out resettlement.

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5.2.2 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

5.2.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Project permanent farmland acquisition is 31.49 ha including 8 ha paddy field, 17 ha dry farmland land, 7 ha vegetable land, and 0.2 ha permanently occupied orchard land. Temporary land acquisition may also include some farmland. Project temporary farmland acquisition is 5.7 ha including 0.9 ha paddy field and 4.7 ha dry farmland. Although the amount of farmland being acquired is modest there may be some decrease in income for the affected farmers.

5.2.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the Yongzhou SPIA and RP should be fully implemented.

The FSP should emphasize the appropriate siting of worker camps, construction facilities, etc, so as to minimize temporary farmland acquisition. The FSP should be submitted to the Yongzhou EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in excessive temporary farmland loss then the plan should be modified until Yongzhou EPB approval is obtained.

5.2.2.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

5.2.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

5.2.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

There are no precious ecological resources, sensitive areas or rare flora and fauna identified in the SEIA. There will be some small scale impacts on resident fauna such as of amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, and on resident flora, but it will be limited and is not considered significant.

5.2.3.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Although no precious ecological resources, sensitive areas or rare flora and fauna have been identified to date, the development of the FSP should include an ecological safeguard survey of all areas were facilities will be sited, including the borrow pit areas and the waste soil disposal areas. Facilities should not be sited within 50 m of any areas of natural wetland, rare and endangered flora and fauna or other sensitive ecosystem that may be identified (none have been to date).

The FSP should be submitted to the Yongzhou EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Yongzhou EPB approval is obtained.

5.2.3.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 43 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.2.4 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

5.2.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

There are several tombs within the SEIA that may need to be relocated.

There are no specially designated recreational sites with the SEIA.

5.2.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Families are to be compensated if the tombs are relocated.

As part of the FSP approval process the Yongzhou EPB should consult the Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to ensure that there are no other historical or cultural areas that have the potential to be impacted.

5.2.4.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

5.2.5 TRANSPORTATION

5.2.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The building of the dike may cause some localized and short-term traffic disruptions.

5.2.5.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The Public Roads and Transportation Administration Bureau should be consulted to ensure that access routes are not unduly affected and that if necessary alternative routes are provided that are sufficient to meet the needs of the affected persons.

5.2.5.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

The transportation negative impacts will be minimal and short-term. No significant residual impact is anticipated.

5.2.6 MINERAL RESOURCES

5.2.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The siting and construction will not cause the loss of mineral resources. The temporary land acquisition in the borrow pits and spoil area will have no significant effect on the exploitation of any identified or potential mineral resources.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 44 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.2.7 PUBLIC FACILITIES

5.2.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The building or extension of the dike project will affect some public facilities including temporary acquisition of 11 docks, 1 ferry, dike road, and demolition of 0.4 km of low voltage electric line.

5.2.7.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As part of the implementation of the civil works any affected public facilities will be replaced or repaired. In addition appropriate compensation should be provided to affected persons or enterprises.

5.2.7.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is predicted.

5.3 CONSTRUCTION

5.3.1 HYDROLOGY

5.3.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The improvement of existing dikes and construction of new dikes will not involve any significant in channel activities and will not cause any significant impact on the hydrology of the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers.

5.3.2 WATER QUALITY

5.3.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Surface erosion from construction activities along the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers may lead to a modest reduction in the quality of the river water quality and of any other affected local water bodies. Potential construction sites where erosion may occur include the dike, the borrow pits, and the spoil disposal sites. However, erosion to a large extent can be mitigated, and given the existing high levels of erosion and sediment in the watershed (the potential erosion coefficient in the area is 2000 to 2500t/km2) it will only have a modest impact.

Washing and curing of concrete and construction of culvert sluices will generate approximately 82,260 m3 of wastewater. The wastewater typically has a SS concentration of 300 to 500 mg/l and a pH value of 11 to 12. As the discharge of this wastewater will be over a wide area the discharge load from each individual construction site will be relatively low. The wastewater will be discharged into the ditches close to the construction site that will not directly impact on the river water quality.

Wastewater from construction personnel mainly consists of domestic sewage and gray water, with an estimated loading rate of 120 l/person/d. The wastewater will be directed to the city sewerage system and is not expected to have a significant incremental impact on water quality.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 45 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.3.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

A Yongzhou Subproject construction EMP will be developed which will specify best-practice construction phase water quality protection measures as follows:

Soil Erosion Control - All dike construction areas should have a siltation fence protecting the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers from erosion and siltation along the entire length of the construction site. These fences will also protect the river against construction rubble and garbage. - In addition, in areas classified as water source protection zones silt traps should be installed at natural drainage entry points in construction sites. - All other construction sites within 50 m of water bodies should have siltation fences on the downstream drainage side to protect against erosion and siltation. If these sites are near water source protection zones silt traps should also be installed on any drainage points. - Rock and dirt piles should be leveled and covered when not in use, and siltation fences and traps should be installed on the downstream drainage side if near water bodies. - Exposed dikes and ground surfaces should be protected with appropriate engineered and vegetative protection measures, including grass, cement, rip rap, etc.

Construction Wastewater Control - Wastewater from concrete washing and curing should only be directed to the local sewer system or local drainage channels near the construction site and not directly to the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers. If possible initial treatment should be provided in settling ponds. - Water from vehicle and equipment washing should be directed to the local sewer system or local drainage channels near the construction site and not directly to the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers. Oils should be removed as much as practical. - Receiving drainage ditches should be equipped with a bioswale and siltation traps prior to their discharge to any major receiving water body.

Sewage - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - All domestic wastewater from the workers camps should be collected and discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - On-site sewage will be collected as necessary by the Yongzhou Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - Regular cleaning and disinfection of the toilets should be undertaken so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes.

Although these measures should be enforced in all project sites, particular diligence is required in Class I and Class II water source protection zones.

5.3.2.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of appropriate mitigations measures the impact on water quality will be low, short-term and localized.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 46 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.3.3 SOLID WASTE

5.3.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Solid wastes that will be generated by the Subproject during the construction phase include spoils from the earthworks, construction wastes, and domestic solid wastes produced by the workers:

- The project may generate up to 569,398 m3 of earth, gravel and rock spoil. The spoil areas are located in suburb waste lands or in low land along the dike construction sites, with a total area of 11.24 ha.

- An as yet undefined amount of construction wastes and rubble will be generated.

- Up to 466,000 kg of domestic solid waste may be generated during the construction period (based on a per capita waste production of 1.0 kg). This will be produced over a large area, and if not collected and disposed of appropriately will result in a reduction in overall environmental quality.

5.3.3.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The EMP will specify waste management procedures as follows:

Spoils From Earthworks - Maximum use should be made of on site excavated materials so as to minimize spoil production - The disposal sites should be identified in the FSP, and should not be in or near any sensitive areas. - Spoil disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. - Erosion protection measures such as silt fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. - Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be re-vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs.

Construction Wastes and Rubble - Maximum use should be made of on construction rubble as fill where/ if appropriate. - Rubble should only be stored on sites temporarily, and should be land filled if space is available, or disposed of in a designated construction waste disposal site as approved by the Yongzhou EPB.

Domestic Waste - Waste containers will be provided in certain spots at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Domestic solid waste produced by construction workers must be deposited into waste containers. - Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Yongzhou Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Yongzhou domestic solid waste deposit site.

5.3.3.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is predicted.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 47 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.3.4 AIR QUALITY

5.3.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The primary atmospheric pollutants generated during construction are dust and particulate matter produced during vehicle transport, cement mixing, and wind-generated soil erosion, and emissions from transport vehicles and heavy machinery.

Dust from construction vehicles arises from both erosion of the road surface and loss of soil from vehicle loads. Dust levels are generally highest within 30 m of either side of the road, and with increased distance the concentration decreases gradually towards background levels. Construction will primarily be undertaken in the fall and winter when the atmosphere and roads are relatively dry, conditions that are conducive to dust generation. Dust will also arise from wind borne erosion of soil piles and spoil piles.

The main pollutants in transportation and heavy machinery emissions include NO2, CO, and SO2. Emission levels will be low when compared to the total vehicle emissions in the area.

5.3.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The transportation roads within the construction site should be hardened, and the transportation roads within the construction site and the surrounding urban area should be regularly sprayed with water so as to control dust. Truck loads should be covered with an awning to prevent dust emissions.

The whole cement transport and mixing process should be carried out under closed conditions. Cement should be transported by closed tankers, and should be conveyed to the concrete mixer by a closed cement pump.

Soil piles should be covered unless being actively used. Piles should be sprayed with water when not covered. Spoil piles should also be covered unless being actively used, and should be sprayed with water when not covered.

For construction of dikes close to dense residential areas fiber texture protection fences should be installed on the urban side of the dike to reduce air and noise pollution.

All construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be equipped with exhaust emission systems that meet relevant PRC emission standards. Vehicle emission systems should be inspected at constriction outset and then on a bi-annual basis.

5.3.4.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of appropriate mitigations measures the impact on air quality will be low, short-term and localized.

5.3.5 NOISE

5.3.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Noise will be generated during the construction phase from machinery (excavators, bulldozers, loaders and concrete mixers), construction activities, and transportation vehicles, and the Class II Standard (the continuous equivalent sound level in A scale shall not exceed 60 dB in the daytime and 50 dB in the night time) as specified in The National Standards for Environmental

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 48 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Noises in Urban Areas (GB 3096-93) could be exceeded which will negatively impact schools and residential areas close to the construction sites. Areas that are particularly sensitive to noise include the zone from stake West Zishan 7+816 to 8+000, East Zishan 8+212 to 8+412, and West Zishan 8+000 to 8+200.

5.3.5.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Noise from Transport Vehicles - vehicle overloading is prohibited; - horn operation in urban areas is prohibited; and - all vehicles should have functioning mufflers that meet relevant standards.

Noise from Heavy Machinery - all construction machinery should be in full compliance with the PRC Standards of Environmental Noise of Urban Areas (GB3096-93); - low noise construction methods should be adopted wherever possible; - regular maintenance of machinery should be undertaken to reduce operational noises. - construction personnel working in high noise level situations should be provided with protective equipment and should not work continuously in such situations for more than 6 hours per day.

Dike Construction: - construction of dikes in urban areas is prohibited between from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am daily; - in areas that are particularly sensitive to noise (e.g. within 200 m of schools and hospitals), structural measures such as sound separation walls should be implemented. Compensation for high noise levels may also be required.

5.3.5.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts are localized and relatively short term.

5.3.6 FLORA

5.3.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

According to the Yongzhou Social and Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) approximately 67 ha of land will be permanently acquired. Approximately 47% of this is farmland, comprising paddy (12%), dryland (25%), and vegetable land (10%). The remaining 53% is orchards, housing plots and wasteland as well as stated owned urban land.

The vegetation in the dike construction areas is limited, mainly including shrubs and narrow strips of riverside forest, and the borrow pits are in uncultivated unforested hills, so the construction of the project will have little impact on the local vegetation. There are no primary or important forests or reports of rare or endangered flora in these areas.

The temporary land occupation will last no longer than the construction period (49 months). As the Subproject area has high rainfall, a good climate and comparatively good soil quality that is favorable for vegetation growth it is anticipated that re-vegetation of spoil areas will not be difficult. Based on experience with similar water resources projects, supported recovery of vegetation on temporarily occupied land normally takes three to five years. Overall, the impact of temporary land occupation on flora is low, localized and medium term in duration.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 49 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.3.6.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As noted previously, an FSP will be developed and submitted to the Yongzhou EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Yongzhou EPB approval is obtained.

Excavated materials should be used as much as possible as fill in the construction in order to reduce the quantities of spoil and the size of the spoil deposition sites. Spoil should only be disposed at sites designated in the FSR.

Compensation vegetation should be planted at all suitable locations. Specifically: - native grasses should be planted along dikes slopes in order to provide slope protection; - all borrow pit areas should be fully re-vegetated with appropriate native species of grass, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; - all spoil disposal sites should be fully re-vegetated with grasses, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; - trees and vegetation to be planted in areas targeted for resettlement.

5.3.6.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts from permanent land occupation are small, localized and long-term, and residual impacts from temporary land occupation are small, localized and relatively short term.

5.3.7 FAUNA

5.3.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

As noted above the Subproject will permanently occupy about 67 ha of land, of which 47% is farmland. Approximately 23 ha of land will be occupied temporarily. These areas are within an urbanized or semi-urbanized landscape, and do not contain significant areas of animal habitat or any rare or endangered fauna. The only impact will be on a limited area of habitat and feeding grounds for reptiles and rodents.

5.3.7.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Vegetation on land that is temporarily occupied (e.g. borrow pits, spoil disposal sites, etc) will be replanted, replacing some of the habitat that is lost.

5.3.7.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited faunal value of the landscape the residual impacts from permanent land occupation are small and localized.

With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited faunal value of the landscape the residual impacts from temporary land occupation are small and relatively short term.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 50 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.3.8 AQUATIC LIFE

5.3.8.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The affected reaches of the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers contain little moderate or good quality aquatic habitat, and there are no reports of economically important or rare and endangered aquatic life. If the project erosion and pollution control measure are implemented properly there will be little or no impacts on aquatic life in the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers.

5.3.9 PUBLIC SAFETY

5.3.9.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The establishment of the worker camps poses public health safety risks through infectious disease propagation if sanitation (sewage and solid waste management) is not appropriate. For example, as noted previously, up to 200 kg of domestic solid waste will be generated daily during the construction period. This will be produced over a large area, and if not collected and disposed of appropriately will result in a reduction in overall environmental quality.

5.3.9.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

A Health and Safety plan will be developed that will specify the Health and Safety obligations of the contractor.

Health of Workers - Any worker who develops an infectious disease should receive adequate medical care, and should be quarantined during the infectious period. - Any disease out break shall be reported to the relevant health authorities immediately. All instructions issued by the health authorities to deal with the outbreak shall be immediately implemented. - Workers must be provided with protective gear as required by the PRC Labor Law (1994) and relevant Hunan provincial regulations. - The maximum working shift is 8 hours per day. - In high noise conditions a maximum of 6 hours per day only is permitted.

Domestic Rubbish: - Domestic solid waste produced by construction workers must be disposed into waste containers. - Waste containers should be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Yongzhou Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Yongzhou landfill site.

Sewage - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Sewage will be collected as necessary by the Yongzhou Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - Regular cleaning and disinfection should be done so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes.

Safety - Best practice on and off site safety practices to be implemented, including limiting vehicle speeds, fencing unsafe sites, etc.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 51 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.3.9.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of appropriate mitigations measures the negative public safety impacts will be minimal. The positive health and safety impacts of the flood protection provided by the Subproject will be significant and long-term.

5.4 OPERATION

5.4.1 HYDROLOGY

5.4.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

An analysis was undertaken of the water surface profile through Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers with and without the new dikes and other civil works. It is estimated that the protection provided by the dikes will raise the peak flood level of the Xiangjiang at most by 0.2 m, and of the Xiaoshui by 0.19 m. This should not have a significant effect on the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers water levels or hydrology. However, operation of the dykes and other civil works will lead to a significant reduction in flooding in the Subproject flood protection zones.

FIGURE 5-1: WATER SURFACE PROFILE FOR XIANGJIANG RIVER –WITH AND WITHOUT SUBPROJECT

Xiangjiang - Surface Water Levels

110

105 ) 100

85 Level (85 State Level) (m Level) State (85 Level

75 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 Distance (m)

Riverbed Level Without Project WSL With Project WSL

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 52 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

TABLE 5-2: WATER SURFACE LEVEL FOR 1 IN 50 YEAR FLOOD, XIANGJIANG AND XIAOSHUI RIVERS AT YONGZHOU CITY

Cross Length Cumulative Riverbed Without Project With Project Section Name Section (m) Distance Level WSL WSL Xiangjiang C.S.0 Qinglongji 0 0 98.63 98.63 Papermaking C.S.1 3,100 3,100 99.25 99.45 Factory C.S.2 Xiaoxiang Bridge 2,970 6,070 99.80 100.00 C.S.3 d/s Xiaoxiang Dam 2,000 8,070 84.70 100.02 100.02 u/s Xiaoxiang Dam 100.62 100.62 C.S.4 Zhoutou 1,251 9,321 85.73 100.92 100.92 C.S.5 d/s Quhe Bridge 2,586 11,907 80.91 101.26 101.26 C.S.6 Bear Factory 2,077 13,984 88.51 101.61 101.61 C.S.7 Brick Factory 3,007 16,991 87.77 102.22 102.22 C.S.8 Caijiabu 2,613 19,604 88.59 102.81 102.81 C.S.9 Bazhou 2,795 22,399 92.08 103.51 103.51 C.S.10 Hujia 3,550 25,949 76.94 104.15 104.15 C.S.11 Laobutou 2,596 28,545 87.38 104.54 104.54 Pingdao C.S.12 1,538 30,083 88.56 104.80 104.84 (confluence) C.S.13 Steel Works 1,463 31,546 77.59 105.18 105.21 C.S.14 Chapingli 2,809 34355 83.53 106.59 106.59 C.S.15 Yangjiatan 1,229 35,584 93.08 107.08 107.08 C.S.16 Jiangbiancun 2,173 37,757 94.05 107.77 107.87 Changtang C.S.17 2,431 40,188 95.38 108.90 109.10 (Taizhou)

Xiaoshui Pingdao C.S.12 0 0 88.56 104.80 104.84 (Confluence) C.S. B1 Hejiazhi Dock 847 847 87.83 105.09 105.09 C.S.B2 Hulongta 1,428 2,275 86.76 105.82 105.82 C.S.B3 Daximen 2,158 4,433 85.51 107.04 107.13 C.S.B4 Taipingmen 2,554 6,987 91.60 107.33 107.45 C.S.B5 Zhuge Temple 1,020 8,007 92.77 107.66 107.82 Nanjingdu Power C.S.B6 1,398 9,405 84.90 108.08 108.27 Stn C.S.B7 Xiangling Mountain 1,750 11,155 91.63 108.58 108.77 C.S.B8 Tangjiacun 2,320 13,475 96.18 109.51 109.70 WSL = Water Surface Level u/s = upstream d/s = downstream

As the areas downstream of the city are rural areas with lower flood control standards, construction of the Subproject may slightly increase the risks of flooding the downstream areas, though this impact would likely be very minimal. Due to time and data limitations this risk has not been assessed.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 53 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.4.2 WATER QUALITY

5.4.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Overall operation of the Subproject will not produce any pollutants and will not bring about any negative impact on the quality of the urban waters. Further, implementation of the Subproject will improve the flood control standards and drainage capacity of Yongzhou, which will reduce ecological damages and water pollution that occurs during urban flood events.

Although the operation does not produce any pollutants, the drainage gates provide a point source of pollution from drainage water (though the overall loading is likely not increased significantly). The intake for the Zishan District water treatment plant is 5000 m away from the nearest culvert. This should provide sufficient distance for dilution, and drainage waters are not anticipated to have any negative impacts on the plant.

The intake for the Lengshuitan District water treatment plant is less than 1000 m away from the nearest Tongziping culvert gate, and the discharge could influence the city water supply, though the incremental impact will likely be nominal.

5.4.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Water quality downstream of the discharge point should be periodically monitored to assess this problem. If a significant problem is found, a settling pond may need to be installed at the gate.

5.4.3 AIR QUALITY

5.4.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

As roads will be constructed alongside the dikes, there may be an increase in dust pollution.

5.4.3.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The road should be well maintained so as to reduce dust levels.

5.4.4 FLORA AND FAUNA

5.4.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Operation of the Subproject will not negatively impact flora or fauna. Re-vegetation of temporary sites impacted during the construction phase will take three to five years, so will extend in to the operation phase, but these are not new impacts and have been addressed previously.

On the other hand, implementation of the Subproject will protect the urban ecological environment, shielding flora and fauna within the protection zone from flood associated damages.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 54 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

5.4.5 TRANSPORTATION

5.4.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The Subproject will improve the flood control standard of the city, and provide a positive effect for the security of roads within the flood protection zones. Furthermore, construction of new roads along the dikes will ease the traffic on the city roads and make the city roads safer.

5.4.6 PUBLIC SAFETY

5.4.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Flood protection will be beneficial for the long term health and safety of Yongzhou’s citizens, easing flood health risks and associated pollution that can arise because of floods.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 55 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

6.1. BENEFICIARY IDENTIFICATION

The major beneficiaries of the proposed Yongzhou Flood Control Subproject will include urban male and female residents, rural male and female in villages, enterprises, government institutions, business people and small shoppers, as well as those groups or establishments to be affected by the floods.

6.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES

Table 6-1 summarizes the public consultation activities that have been undertaken.

During the social surveys small group discussions were held among different groups of individuals in the selected communities. Based on their own experience individuals identified various benefits to be brought about by the Subproject, summarized in Table 6-2. A range of potential negative impacts was also identified, of which land acquisition, demolition of houses and relocation of population were considered the most serious. Other potential negative impacts that were identified include: (1) potential impacts on access road, dock, and drainage facilities during project construction; (2) noise and dust impact during project construction; (3) light blocking by completed flood protection walls; and (4) corruption during awarding contracts.

Overall, all focus groups, including both urban and rural populations, expressed positive attitudes towards the proposed flood protection project. Of the 83 individuals interviewed, all were supportive of the project except six who were indifferent. No opposition to the proposed Subproject was expressed.

Additional information on the public consultation process is presented in the Social and Poverty Assessment for the Yongzhou Subproject report.

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 56 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

TABLE 6-1: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES (PROVINCIAL AND YONGZHOU SUBPROJECT) Agencies No. People Purpose(s) Date Main Issues Discussed Consulted

Provincial Poverty Alleviation and 2 Update introduction of proposed Nov. 8, - Role of the proposed Project in Poverty Alleviation Development office. Project, 2004 - Poverty Reduction Policies Generate comments to maximize - Existing Poverty Alleviation project and its impacts the Poverty Alleviation impact - Comments and suggestions to the proposed Project to Collecting Poverty Data of Hunan maximize its Poverty Alleviation impact Province and project Counties - Length and wide of the proposed dikes 1 Village and 1 residential community 48 Introducing progress and alignment No. 11-15 - Frequency of floods and damage caused in Zhishan District and 2 residential of the proposed Project. Exploring - Impacts of the proposed subproject community of Lengshuitang district of socioeconomic factors at the village - Land saving and compensation Yongzhou subproject. There are 6 level. Generating comments and - Location of resettlement focus group discussion were suggestions on the proposed project - Compensation issues conducted, include 2 women’s group. and local community improvement - Income source and their implication in relation to priorities. Exploring measures to proposed Project maximize the positive impact of the - Comments and suggestions to maximize the positive Project and minimize the negative impact and minimize the negative impacts impacts. - Priority needs including road development 1 Village and 3 residential community 14 Introducing the alignment of Nov. 12-15, - Existing measures and mechanism of anti-floods leadership interviews proposed subproject, consultation 2004 - Impacts of the proposed subproject the village leaders regard the impact - Land saving and compensation (including positive and negative) of - Dike improvement priorities from village and urban the Project. Generate comments residential community leaders’ perspective and suggestions on the proposed - Poverty and its causes in the communities Project - Existing urban poverty reduction programs - Income source and it’s implication relation to proposed Project - Comments and suggestions to maximize the positive impact and minimize the negative impacts - Priority needs include dike development Business people interview 10 Introducing proposed subproject - Housing demolish and its compensation rate Generate altitude towards the Nov. 14-15, - Benefit of the project proposed program 2004 - Frequency of floods and impact on their business - Attitude towards the proposed project - Comments on the project schedule

SOGREAH – July 2005 PAGE 57 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E1): YONGZHOU CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Agencies No. People Purpose(s) Date Main Issues Discussed Consulted Enterprise interview-Yongzhou 3 Introducing proposed subproject; Nov. 14 - Land acquisition and compensation rate Leather factory Assess possible impact of the - Damage and loses caused by flood proposed project to the enterprise - Positive and negative impact of the proposed project, Generate comments and include land value increase of the factory. suggestions - Comments on project schedule Provincial Minority Affairs 2 Update introduction of proposed Nov. 17 - Policies to promote ethnic minority development in Commission project; collecting ethnic minority project area data, discussion existing program - Participation of ethnic minority in project process and policies to promote ethnic minority development in the proposed project area Public affairs bureau, labor and social 7 Introducing proposed subproject, Nov. 14-15, - Policies and programs of urban poverty reduction security bureau of Lengshuitang collecting data of urban poverty and 2004 - Training of lay-off workers district existing programs, generate - Participation of poor in project construction comments and suggestions

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TABLE 6-2: PROJECT POSITIVE IMPACTS IDENTIFIED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF BENEFICIARIES

Groups Positive Impacts to be Brought by Yongzhou Subproject − protection of houses, furniture, appliance and asset − prolong life of houses and furniture Old Urban Areas − Protect normal life and order Women Group − Feel safe to invest in houses and new furniture − Feel safe to sleep during rainy days − Reduce chances to get cold or other diseases − More convenient and safe to wash clothes − Easy to accumulate saving, make new investment and build Urban Areas Male new houses Group − Attract outside investors and develop local economy − Provide opportunities to work − Feel safe to sleep − Reduce work load on flood protection each year Officials of selected − Protect life and asset residential committees − Reduce work loan on flood control and relief efforts and villages. − Improve environment and sanitation conditions along the river − Reduce immunization cost − Promote introduction of outside investment − Improve drainage system Male vegetable − Protect farmland and vegetables farmers − Improve environment and sanitation condition − Avoid moving troubles − Feel safe to sleep Female vegetable − Protect vegetable field farmers − Feel safe to sleep − Reduce disease − Improve environment Small business − Reduce loss of goods persons − Could buy more goods in summer − Improve environment − Attract investment and promote development of local economy − Create opportunities for contractors and construction materials Factory (Linlin Leather − Promote attraction of outside investment Factory) − Increase land value − Reduce property damage − Prolong life of buildings − Create development opportunities Sources: Field visit and small group discussions.

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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

7.1 EMP DEVELOPMENT AND PURPOSE

The objective of an EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation, and the actions needed to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between the mitigation measures described in the subproject and Project-wide IEEs and ensuring that these measures are effectively implemented.

In accordance with the environmental requirements of the ADB a separate, stand-alone Consolidated (project-wide) Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. The objective of the Consolidated EMP is to:

(i) provide an overview of the predicted environmental impacts of the proposed Project;

(ii) provide an overview of the recommended mitigation measures;

(iii) present an Environmental Assessment Framework (EAF) for the environmental evaluation of the remaining 28 non-core subprojects;

(iv) present an environmental compliance and ambient monitoring program;

(v) facilitate institutional arrangements for: a. the environmental evaluation of the remaining 28 Subprojects; b. the implementation of the recommended environmental mitigation measures; c. the implementation of the recommended environmental compliance and ambient monitoring programs, including reporting requirements; and, d. ensuring compliance with the environmental requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB);

(vi) present the estimated Consolidated EMP budget.

Although the Consolidated EMP is a stand-alone document, it is briefly described in this chapter.

7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATIONS

The mitigations to be implemented are presented in Chapter 5 of this IEE report and are summarized in the Consolidated EMP.

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7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Environmental monitoring will be undertaken to:

(i) provide feedback on the extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts;

(ii) ensure that mitigations are being appropriately implemented; and,

(iii) assess the overall effectiveness of the project environmental protection measures.

Two types of environmental monitoring will be undertaken: compliance and inspection monitoring, and ambient monitoring.

7.3.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING

Compliance monitoring is primarily aimed at determining if the contractor is meeting the contract requirements in terms of mitigation implementation. As per Chinese normal practice two types of compliance monitoring will be undertaken: mitigation compliance monitoring, and mitigation construction quality monitoring.

Mitigation compliance monitoring will be undertaken to ensure that the Contactor is implementing the mitigations measures in compliance with their contractual requirements and with the environmental regulations and standards of the PRC. The mitigation compliance inspections will be carried out by Environmental Field Inspectors (EFIs) employed by suitably qualified and accredited inspection companies hired by the Subproject PMOs. The Consolidated EMP presents a generic subproject compliance monitoring program. This should be finalized and incorporated in the legal agreement between the subproject PMOs and the inspection companies.

Mitigation construction quality monitoring will be undertaken as part of the overall construction quality monitoring process, as described in the Project Final Report.

7.3.2 AMBIENT MONITORING

Ambient monitoring supports compliance monitoring through assessing either the quality or extent of pollutant generation (effluent) or the quality of the receiving environment (air, water, noise). The objective of ambient monitoring is to provide feedback on the extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts; assess the overall effectiveness of the project environmental protection measures; and ensure that relevant environmental standards of the PRC are being maintained. Ambient motoring will be carried out by the subproject EPBs, either through their environmental monitoring centers or through their own environmental motoring companies. The Consolidated EMP presents a generic subproject ambient monitoring program. This should be finalized and incorporated in the monitoring agreement between the subproject PMOs and the EPBs.

7.4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The EMP presents institutional arrangements and responsibilities for the implementation of the measure and activities presented in the IEEs and EMP. It specifies the roles and responsibilities of the PPMO and Subproject PMOs, county/municipal EPBs, and other relevant parties. The EMP also presents measures for enforcing mitigation implementation and actions to be taken if

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non-compliance occurs. Section 1.3 of this report presents a summary of the Project institutional arrangements.

7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACTOR(S)

Environmental specifications for Subproject contractors are presented in the EMP. These specifications should be included in the contractors’ legal documents, and include:

- Section A: Environmental Management

- Section B: Health and Safety

Each section addresses the following:

Sub-Section 1: description of the Contractor's obligations with regards to those aspects covered by the section.

Sub-Section 2: description of indicators that will be monitored for payment.

The Consolidated EMP also includes recommendations for payment procedures that will clearly oblige the Contractor to fulfill their environmental obligations.

7.6 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

The EMP designates the environmental capacity building and training activities that will be undertaken to support the Project environmental management.

7.7 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

Table 7-1 presents the EMP budget for the Yongzhou Subproject.

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TABLE 7-1: ESTIMATED EMP BUDGET, YONGZHOU SUBPROJECT

Items Cost (104 CNY) Lead Agency (under Description 1 2 3 4 5 total PMO Coordination) Environmental Mitigation

Measures - Fee for provision of temporary toilets and sewage - Yongzhou Health and collection and disposal by Health and Sanitation Water Pollution Control 2.94 6.54 6.54 6.54 4.29 26.8 Sanitation Department Department - Contractor - Collection and disposal of construction wastewater - Fee for provision of domestic garbage cans, temporary - Yongzhou Health and garbage stations, and collection, and disposal by the Solid Waste Control 2.21 4.92 4.92 4.93 3.22 20.1 Sanitation Department local Health and Sanitation Company - Contractor - Construction waste disposal - Road and construction site dust control (water spraying, Air Pollution Control 2.81 6.28 6.28 6.28 4.11 25.76 - Contractor road paving, equipment hiring and rental, etc) - Sound control measures (fences and barriers) Noise Control 2.29 5.13 5.14 5.14 3.32 21.02 - Contractor - May include some compensation for schools and hospitals - Provision of medical treatment and facilities for workers Public Health Protection 1.72 3.83 3.83 3.83 2.51 15.72 - Contractor - Sanitization of toilet, cooking and other areas - Warning signs Public Safety 0.33 0.735 0.735 0.735 0.48 3.02 - Contractor - Safety measures - Monitoring Station of - Monitoring equipment Environmental Monitoring 2.75 2.75 6.12 6.12 6.12 23.86 local Environmental - Air, water and noise ambient monitoring Protection Bureau Administration, Compliance

Inspection, Capacity Building - Ecological and other surveys - PPMO Environmental Mitigation Design 9.5 0.76 10.26 Consultant - Detailed mitigation design and planning - Design Institute7 - Based on 8% of environmental mitigations and monitoring - PMO and EPB management costs Administration and 0.56 1.25 1.25 1.25 0.82 5.13 - PMO and EPB - Based on 4% of environmental mitigations and Management monitoring - Authorized - Environmental compliance inspections by qualified environmental Site Inspections 3.06 6.83 6.83 6.83 4.46 28.01 company compliance inspection - 2 inspectors, 35,000 RMB/year/inspector company

7 This will most likely be the same institute that prepared the original Subproject feasibility study that was reviewed under the TA process.

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Items Cost (104 CNY) Lead Agency (under Description 1 2 3 4 5 total PMO Coordination) - Authorized - Environmental mitigation construction quality construction inspections by qualified company Construction Inspections 0.35 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.51 3.21 compliance inspection - Based on 0.25% of environmental mitigations and company monitoring. - Training of local PMO staff, site inspection company Training and Capacity 1.32 2.92 2.92 2.92 1.92 12.00 - PPMO staff, etc. Building - 10 persons trained annually for five years Soil and Erosion Control

Program - Borrow pits and construction site structural erosion control measures, including erosion control walls, Structural Erosion Control 33.05 73.3 73.2 73.2 48.09 300.82 - Contractor wastewater drainage ditches, temporary containment ponds, bioswales, etc. - Borrow pit and spoil pit revegetation Revegetation 5.76 12.71 12.71 12.71 8.37 52.26 - Contractor - Budget for dike vegetation has been included in main project budget; Resettlement 0.59 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.86 5.38 - Contractor - Resettlement area tree and vegetation planting - Borrow pits and construction site erosion control Temporary Erosion Control 1.53 3.38 3.38 3.38 2.22 13.89 - Contractor measures, such as erosion fences. Administration and 7.65 17.01 17.01 17.01 11.13 69.90 - PMO and Contractor - Design, supervision, QA/QC, etc Management Government Revegetation - Contractor to pay to 21.06 46.84 46.84 46.84 30.62 192.3 - Fee set by Hunan Provincial Government Fee local government8 TOTAL 99.48 197.28 199.80 199.81 130.05 829.41 - Equivalent to 1,002,908 USD

8 The fees rate is set by the Hunan Provincial Government. The fee is to be paid by the Subproject contractor to the local (county or municipal) Water Resource Department. There appears to be confusion on whether this payment is required on projects implemented through the local Water Resource Departments, as this becomes an internal transfer of funds. This issue needs to be resolved.

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8. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1. FINDINGS

The Yongzhou City Subproject will result in both socio-economic and environmental impacts.

The socio-economic impacts are primarily related to the construction-phase resettlement, which will involve the permanent acquisition of 67 ha of land. Approximately 47% of this is farmland, which will affect a total of 466 households and 1,491 persons. On average, each affected person will lose only 0.004 ha of farmland. Approximately 23 ha of land will be occupied temporarily during the construction phase, some of which may also be farmland. In addition, a total of 49,989 m2 of buildings will be demolished, including 39,214 m2 of residential houses and 10,775 m2 of non-residential structures. The demolition will relocate 313 households and 1,121 persons and affect 33 enterprises and 6,842 employees.

A Yongzhou Subproject Social/Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) and a Resettlement Plan (RP) have been prepared in accordance with the standards and requirements of the PRC Land Administration Law (1998) and the associated Hunan Provincial Implementation Decree (2000), as well as the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented. If done appropriately the relocation will provide an opportunity to improve housing conditions for the affected persons.

Construction of the project is not anticipated to have any significant terrestrial ecological impacts as the project area is generally a heavily modified urbanized/rural farmland mosaic and no sensitive terrestrial resources or rare and endangered flora and fauna have been identified in the Subproject Environmental Impact Area (SEIA). Dike construction will not affect hydrology of the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers. Erosion from construction sites and source rock and soil piles as well as other construction pollution sources may reduce water quality in the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers and other local water bodies. There may also be noise pollution issues during construction, especially in the urban areas, and there are several tombs that may be affected and may need to be relocated. Overall however, these impacts are localized and temporary, and can be adequately mitigated.

Operation of the Yongzhou dikes will have no significant negative impacts on the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang Rivers water levels, water quality, or on terrestrial or aquatic flora and fauna.

Overall the main impacts that require special measures are associated with the construction phase, including:

- soil erosion and runoff from exposed earthwork sites;

- the rehabilitation of borrow areas and spoil sites;

- construction wastewater and domestic wastewater from construction camps;

- construction solid wastes and domestic waste from construction camps;

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- air pollution from traffic and construction site dust;

- noise pollution from construction activities and heavy machinery; and,

- public safety.

A comprehensive program of mitigation measures, environmental motoring and compliance inspections has been designed to address these issues. The estimated budget for environmental protection and monitoring during the construction stage is US$ 1,002,908 (CNY 8,294,100). If the mitigations are appropriately implemented the project should have minimal negative impacts and should result in overwhelming positive benefits brought about by the flood protection it will provide.

8.2. RECOMMENDATIONS

1. All resettlement and compensation recommendations in the SPIA and the RP should be strictly followed.

2. All mitigations recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.

3. The training and capacity building recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.

4. The environmental monitoring and compliance inspections recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.

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9. CONCLUSION

The Yongzhou City Subproject will improve flood protection in the Zhishan and Lengshuitan Districts through the construction of dikes and drainage works.

The most significant socio-economic impacts are primarily related to the construction-phase resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented. If done appropriately the relocation will provide an opportunity to improve housing conditions for the affected persons.

Potential environmental impacts are modest, and are associated with construction phase solid and liquid wastes, noise and air pollution. Negative environmental impacts are generally localized, short-term, and can be fully mitigated.

A range of mitigation measures has been recommended to address the environmental issues raised in this report. The mitigations relate to the rehabilitation of borrow areas, control of soil erosion and runoff from earthworks, prevention of water, air and solid waste pollution, noise reduction, and public safety. The estimated budget for environmental protection and monitoring is US$ 1,002,908 (CNY 8,294,100).

A separate and stand alone environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed which guides the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures; presents environmental compliance and ambient monitoring programs; facilitates institutional arrangements for the implementation of mitigation measures and the environmental monitoring; and, ensures compliance with the environmental requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

With the implementation of the recommended mitigation and monitoring measures the Subproject is not expected to have any significant negative environmental impacts. Overall the flood protection provided by the Subproject will significantly enhancing the safety and quality of life of the residents living and working in the protection zones.

Given the limited environmental impacts identified in this IEE the Subproject’s tentative designation as Category B under the ADB’s environmental guidelines has been confirmed. As no significant residual environmental impacts are expected, and all minor impacts predicted during construction and operation can be fully mitigated, no additional studies or EIA is required.

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APPENDIX 1 PHOTOGRAPHS

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Xiaoshui River near Miaojiangqiao. A dike will be Xiaoshui River at Nanjindu Bridge. The existing dike constructed along the river bank. will be heightened and a pumping station installed.

Right bank of Xiaoshui River from Nanjindu Bridge. Urban area on bank of Xiaoshui River, upstream of This area will be protected by a dike. Dongfeng Bridge. Dike construction will protect this flood prone area, but will require resettlement.

Bank of Xiaoshui River, upstream of Dongfeng Bridge. Left bank of Xiangjiang River from Quhe Bridge. A dike will protect this low lying area and the urban development behind it.

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA DEC 2004 HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK APPENDIX X

YONGZHOU SITE PHOTOS PLATE N°1

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APPENDIX II

YONGZHOU SUBPROJECT SITE VISITS9

Persons Met Mr. Liu Liulun, Vice Director, Water Resources Bureau of Yongzhou County Mr. Zhang Xuerong, Vice Director, Water Resources Bureau of Yongzhou County Mr. Wang Longdong, Assistant Director, Water Resources Bureau of Yongzhou County Mr. Wang Yachun, Engineer, Water Resources Bureau of Yongzhou County Mr. PengAiguo, Engineer, Water Resources Bureau of Yongzhou County Mr. ZhangJiyun, Director, Foreign Department of Zhisan District, Yongzhou County Mr. Luo Bailin, Vice Director, Foreign Department of Zhisan District, Yongzhou County Mr. Li Yunhui, Vice Director, Development Planning Committee of Zhisan District, Yongzhou County Mr. LiGuofu, Development Planning Committee of Zhisan District, Yongzhou County

PMO and TA Team Members Mr. Zhu Jianrong, Vice Director, Project Management Office, Water Resources Department of Hunan Province Mr. Ashley J. Bansgrove, Environmental Specialist Mr. Christian Odeyer, Hydrologist Ms. Dr. FuChun, Environmental Specialist Mr. Zhao Weihua, Senior Engineer, Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute

Period 11/11/2004 –12/11/2004

Locations Visited Yongzhou City − Dike starting point, MaoJiang Bridge, Zhisan District − Nanjindu Bridge in Zhisan District, location for a sluice gate and a flood control gate to be built − Wujiang Bridge in Zhisan District, location for a pump station to be built up stream of Wujiang Bridge − Da Ximen Bridge, location for a concrete flood wall to be built, Zhisan District − Lao Putou Hydrology Station − Quhe Bridge in Lingshui District − Xiangjiang Bridge in Shiqi City

9 Does not include site visits and surveys undertaken by the TA social assessment team.

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